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    3B Acid Bases 2T AY17-18

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    3B Acid Bases 2T AY17-18

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    10 views33 pages

    3B Acid Bases 2T AY17-18

    Uploaded by

    Kevin B. Espinocilla

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Acids and Bases

    Chapter 15

    Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
    What are acids?
    Acids: Have sour taste

    Vinegar

    Citrus fruits contain Vinegar owes its


    citric acid. taste to acetic acid.
    Acids

    Cause color changes in plant dyes.

    Aqueous acid solutions conduct electricity.


    Acids

    React with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas.


    2HCl (aq) + Mg (s) MgCl2 (aq) + H2(g)

    React with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce


    carbon dioxide gas

    2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O (l)

    4.3
    Examples of Acids
    Do you know that Coke contains
    phosphoric acid, H3PO4?
    What are bases?
    Bases
    Have a bitter taste.

    Feel slippery.
    Many soaps
    contain bases.

    Cause color changes in plant dyes.

    Aqueous base solutions conduct electricity.


    4.3
    MODELS OF
    ACIDS AND BASES
    p. 433, Fig. 10-6
    p. 433, Fig. 10-7
    p. 434
    ARRHENIUS CONCEPT

    SHOWS THE DISSOCIATION OF


    ACIDS AND BASES WHEN
    DISSOLVED IN WATER

    DESCRIBES THE ELECTROLYTIC


    NATURE OF ACIDS AND BASES
    Arrhenius Concept of Acids

    Acids are substances which, when dissolved


    in water, dissociates to form H+ ion and anion.

    HNO3(aq)  H+(aq) + NO3−(aq)

    HCl (aq)  H+(aq) + Cl−(aq)


    Arrhenius Concept: Bases

    Bases are substances which, when


    dissolved in water, dissociates to form
    OH− ion and the metal cation.

    NaOH(aq)  OH−(aq) + Na+(aq)

    Ba(OH)2(aq)  2OH−(aq) + Ba2+(aq)


    Models of Acids and Bases
    BRONSTED-LOWRY CONCEPT
    BRONSTED-LOWRY CONCEPT:

    ACIDS: THE PROTON DONORS


    BASES: THE PROTON ACCEPTORS

    CONJUGATE ACID-BASE PAIR


    BRONSTED-LOWRY CONCEPT
    For acid-base reactions, the reacting units
    are the acidic hydrogens/protons involved in
    the reaction.

    The acid is the proton donor

    MONOPROTIC ACID – ONE acidic proton

    DIPROTIC ACID – TWO acidic protons


    The acid is the proton donor

    For example: HCl

    1 formula of HCl will donate 1 formula unit H+

    HCl is a monoprotic acid.


    For example: H2C2O4

    1 formula of H2C2O4 will donate 2 formula units H+

    H2C2O4 is a diprotic acid.


    For acid-base reactions, the reacting
    units are the acidic protons involved
    in the reaction.

    The base is the proton acceptor


    For example: NaOH
    NaOH + HCl  NaCl + H2O

    1 mole of NaOH will react with 1 mole of HCl


    A Brønsted acid is a proton donor

    base acid conjugate conjugate


    acid base
    Proton donor
    A Brønsted base is a proton acceptor

    base acid conjugate conjugate


    acid base
    Proton acceptor
    Water: The Universal Solvent
    Autoionization of Water

    H2O + H2O H3O+ + OH

    2H2O H3O+ + OH


    Hydronium ion Hydroxide ion

    H2O (l) H+ (aq) + OH- (aq)


    Water: The Universal Solvent
    Autoionization of Water

    H2O + H2O H3O+ + OH

    H2O(l) H2O(l) H3O+(aq) OH(aq)


    acid base conjugate acid conjugate base

    acid base conjugate acid conjugate base


    The Ion Product of Water

    H2O (l) H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) Kw = [H+] [OH-]

    Kw = [H+] [OH-] = 1.0 x 10 14 At 25C

    The ion-product constant (Kw) is the product of


    the molar concentrations of H+ and OH ions at a
    particular temperature.
    The Ion Product of Water

    Kw = [H+] [OH-] = 1.0 x 10 14

    Relationship Between [H+] and [OH]

     KW  KW
    [H ]  [OH ]  
    [OH  ] [H ]
    The Ion Product of Water

    H2O (l) H+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

    Kw = [H+] [OH-] = 1.0 x 10 14

    Relationship Between [H+] and [OH] Solution is

    [H+] = [OH-] neutral


    [H+] > [OH-] acidic
    [H+] < [OH-] basic
    pH – A Measure of Acidity

    pH = - log [H+] pOH = - log [OH]

    pKW = - log KW = 14.00 pH + pOH = 14.00


    pH – A Measure of Acidity

    pH = - log [H+] pOH = - log [OH]

    pKW = - log KW = 14.00

    pH = 14.00  pOH
    pH + pOH = 14.00
    pOH = 14.00  pH
    pH – A Measure of Acidity

    pH = - log [H+]
    Solution Is At 250C
    neutral [H+] = [OH-] [H+] = 1 x 10-7 pH = 7
    acidic [H+] > [OH-] [H+] > 1 x 10-7 pH < 7
    basic [H+] < [OH-] [H+] < 1 x 10-7 pH > 7

    pH [H+]

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