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    EESA07 Lec Notes 01

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    Brendan L.
    This document discusses several key topics related to fresh water: - Fresh water serves many important functions including for health, ecosystems, agriculture, industry, and more. However, issues like water scarcity, pollution, wasteful use, and climate change are creating a growing "water crisis". - Many early civilizations developed around 5000 BCE in areas with reliable fresh water sources like the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, Nile River, Indus River, and Huang He River which supported irrigation. - Fresh water is unevenly distributed globally and this disparity is exacerbated by population growth and climate change, threatening the water security of billions of people. Solutions require better management of water resources through

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    EESA07 Lec Notes 01

    Uploaded by

    Brendan L.
    32 views3 pages
    This document discusses several key topics related to fresh water: - Fresh water serves many important functions including for health, ecosystems, agriculture, industry, and more. However, issues like water scarcity, pollution, wasteful use, and climate change are creating a growing "water crisis". - Many early civilizations developed around 5000 BCE in areas with reliable fresh water sources like the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, Nile River, Indus River, and Huang He River which supported irrigation. - Fresh water is unevenly distributed globally and this disparity is exacerbated by population growth and climate change, threatening the water security of billions of people. Solutions require better management of water resources through

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    This document discusses several key topics related to fresh water: - Fresh water serves many important functions including for health, ecosystems, agriculture, industry, and more. However, issues like water scarcity, pollution, wasteful use, and climate change are creating a growing "water crisis". - Many early civilizations developed around 5000 BCE in areas with reliable fresh water sources like the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, Nile River, Indus River, and Huang He River which supported irrigation. - Fresh water is unevenly distributed globally and this disparity is exacerbated by population growth and climate change, threatening the water security of billions of people. Solutions require better management of water resources through

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    32 views3 pages

    EESA07 Lec Notes 01

    Uploaded by

    Brendan L.
    This document discusses several key topics related to fresh water: - Fresh water serves many important functions including for health, ecosystems, agriculture, industry, and more. However, issues like water scarcity, pollution, wasteful use, and climate change are creating a growing "water crisis". - Many early civilizations developed around 5000 BCE in areas with reliable fresh water sources like the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, Nile River, Indus River, and Huang He River which supported irrigation. - Fresh water is unevenly distributed globally and this disparity is exacerbated by population growth and climate change, threatening the water security of billions of people. Solutions require better management of water resources through

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    EESA07

    ● Focuses on Fresh Water

    ● Bloodstream of the biosphere


    ● Water has many parallel functions
    ○ Health
    ○ Aquatic ecosystems
    ○ Erosion, pollutant transport
    ○ Food, timber, biofuels,
    ○ Income raising
    ○ Energy
    ● Irrigation
    ○ Water from lakes and stuff, important for construction and shit

    ● Water Crisis
    ○ Scarcity
    ■ (of water)
    ○ Pollution
    ■ 30’s - 60’s industrial waste dumped into great lakes
    ○ Wasteful use of water
    ■ In Canada specifically toronto, fresh water is fairly
    common. Very cheap as well
    ● Around 3 dollars for 1m^3 of water (1000L)
    ○ Environmental degradation
    ○ Climate change
    ■ Specifically how temperature affects freshwater
    ○ Water conflict
    ■ conflict of water between countries
    ○ Floods
    ■ based on the economy of the countries
    ○ Inadequate human access to safe water and sanitation
    ■ Access to sufficient clean water, and access to efficient
    water cleaning techniques/technologies
    ● Canadian Water issues
    ○ “One of the greatest threats to Canada’s supply of fresh water is
    our belief in its absolute abundance”
    ● The Challenge for future sustainable use of the water resources
    ○ Three questions
    ■ How much water will we need in the future?
    ■ WHere will the addition of water come from?
    ■ How to achieve the sustainable use of water resources?
    ● Water recycling
    ● Water origin
    ○ Outgassing
    ■ Gases trapped in the planet’s interior were released,
    continues today from active volcanoes
    ■ Gaseous components of modern eruption, water vapor,
    carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide
    EESA07

    ■ As earth cooled water vapor condensed to form cloud


    and torrential rains began to fill low-laying areas forming
    the oceans
    ● Water environment of early civilization
    ○ Mesopotamia, 7000 BCE
    ■ Irrigation canals, small dams, tigris & euphrates rivers
    ○ Egypt 6000 BCE
    ■ Herodotus, gift of river
    ○ India 5000 BCE
    ■ Irrigators diverted snowmelt waters to fertile floodplains
    of the indus river
    ○ China 5000 BCE
    ■ Huang He Valley, flooded ~ 1500 times
    ● Erosion
    ○ Water washes soil away due to lack of trees and other
    preventing factors
    ● Aqueducts - Greeks and Romans
    ○ Water transportation
    ○ Included bridges
    ● Qanat - Iran
    ○ Water transportation
    ○ Underwater
    ● Higher water elevations will travel to lower elevated waters due to gravity
    ● Physical aspects of water include,
    ○ Lakes, rivers, ponds, etc
    ● Water is the only substance that naturally occurs as a liquid, solid, and a
    gas
    ● Earth contains 1.39 billion km^3 of water
    ○ 96.5% in oceans (salt water (basically, i think))
    ○ 1.7% in glaciers, permanent snow, sea ice and polar ice
    ○ 1.7% in groundwater, rivers, lakes, wetlands and soil (the water
    that is available to us)
    ○ 0.1% in the atmosphere
    ■ Don’t need to know the #’s
    ● Earth water distribution
    ○ Not evenly distributed
    ■ Water distribution varies from season to season and
    year to year
    ○ 2025, estimated ⅓ human population will live in areas lacking
    fresh water
    ○ 4 billion people (⅔ of human population) lives in locations with ¼
    of the world's annual precipitation
    ○ Examples: India and Amazon River in South America
    ● Examples of water disparities
    ○ Asia
    ■ 69% human population
    ■ 36% of earths surface water runoff
    ○ Amazon River
    ■ 0.4% human population
    EESA07

    ■ 15% of Earth’s surface runoff


    ○ India receives 90% of their water from rainfall (runoff?) within a
    mere 4 months
    ● Consequences
    ○ Water disparities lead to water shortages, and lead to the need
    to,
    ■ Store water in reservoirs during wet periods
    ■ Rely on groundwater resources if available
    ■ Transport water supplies great distances

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