Conic Sections
Conic Sections
Conic Sections
EQUATIONS
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The equation of the circle center (0,
0), radius r is
x2 + y2 = r2
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The Circle Center (h, k)
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The standard form of the equation
of the circle with center (h, k) and
radius = r is
(x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2
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The General Form of the Equation of a Circle
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Example: Write the standard equation of
the circle. State the center & radius.
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Example: Write the standard equation of
the circle. State the center & radius.
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Converting from Standard to General
1. Foil both trinomial squares (as needed)
2. Move the radius to the left side of the
equation.
3. Simplify the constants.
4. Write the equation in general form.
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Example: Write the general form of the
equation of the circle.
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Example: Write the general form of the
equation of the circle.
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Ellipse
Ellipse
When the plane figure is tilted
and cut only one cone to form
a bounded curve then it
generates an ELLIPSE. It
implies that the distance of
segments from the foci to any
points on the ellipse is equal
to the length of the major axis.
Parts of the Ellipse
Parts of the Ellipse
• Center C- This can be at the origin or (h, k).
This is the middle innermost part of an ellipse.
• Vertices- The vertices are the parts on the
ellipse, collinear with center and foci. Each
vertex is a unit/s away from the center. The
length of the endpoints of the vertices is called
the major axis.
• Co-Vertices- Each co-vertex is b unit/s away
from the center. The length of the endpoints of
the co-vertices is called the minor axis.
• Foci- Each focus is c unit/s away from the
center.
Patterns in Finding the Parts of an Ellipse
Center: (0,0)
The principal axis is horizontal.
𝑎2 = 25 𝑏2 = 9 𝑐 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏2
𝑎 = 25 𝑏 = 9 𝑐 = 25 − 9
𝑎 = 5 𝑏 = 3 𝑐 = 16
𝑐 = 4
Standard and
General Form of
the Equation.
General Form of the Equation of an Ellipse:
• Write the standard form of the equation of an ellipse.
• Multiply the equation by the LCD.
• Use Addition Property of Equality.
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
+ =1
𝟐𝟓 𝟗
𝑥2 𝑦2
225 + =1
25 9
9𝑥 2 + 25𝑦 2 = 225
9𝑥 2 + 25𝑦 2 − 225 = 0
Standard Form of the Equation of an Ellipse:
• Write the standard form of the equation.
• Use Addition Property of Equality
• Use Multiplication Property of Equality.
• Simplify 2 2
9𝑥 + 25𝑦 − 225 = 0
9𝑥 2 + 25𝑦 2 = 225
1
9𝑥 2 + 25𝑦 2 = 225
225
9𝑥 2 + 25𝑦 2 = 225
225
𝑥2 𝑦2
+ =1
25 9
PARABOLA
Derive the formula of the standard form of the equation
of the parabola which opens upward. Apply the
distance formula based on illustration FP is equidistant
to PD.
Parabola is locus of points such that the
distance from a point to a focus is equal
to the distance from the same point and
the directrix.
Based on the illustration, Point F
has coordinates (0, p) while point P
has coordinates (x, y). point D has
coordinates (x, -p)
Solution
Opening: Right – since it follows y^2 = 4px
By observation, p = 7 since 28x = 4px (divide both sides by 4x, you can get
the value of p).
Since the value of p = 7, therefore by substituting this to the given pattern we
can identify the parts of a parabola.
II. Vertex at (h, k)
1. y^2 – 12y – 4x + 28 = 0
Solution
Transform the general form of the equation of the parabola to its standard
form.
y^2 – 12y = 4x – 28
(y^2–12y +36) = 4x–28+36 Completing the square for y^2—12y
(y – 6)^2 = 4(x + 2) Factor the right side using perfect square trinomial and
the left side using common monomial factor
Opening: to the right – since it follows (y- k)^2 = 4p(x – h)
therefore by substituting this to the given pattern we can identify the parts of a
parabola.
HYPERBOLA
WHAT IS HYPERBOLA?