CA Foundation Syllabus & Subjects 2023 (New & Old) - Paper Wise

Syllabus, Important Topics, Pattern

Updated on Feb 7, 2023 - 3:27 p.m. IST by Prashita Mishra

CA Foundation Syllabus 2023 (New & Old) - The Institute of Chartered Accountants releases the CA
Foundation syllabus on its official website. The syllabus of CA Foundation 2023 provides complete
details related to the purpose of teaching behind each paper, topics and sub-topics covered.
Candidates can easily download the CA foundation syllabus pdf from the ICAI BoS Knowledge Portal.
ICAI provides the CA Foundation exam syllabus free of cost, hence candidates do not need to pay any
additional money to download the syllabus.

The CA Foundation syllabus 2023 provides details on all four main CA Foundation papers. Before
commencing their preparation for the upcoming CA Foundation exam, candidates registered for the
CA Foundation exam should refer to the syllabus. Understanding all the topics covered in the CA
Foundation course syllabus will allow candidates to hold a better grip on each paper and thereby
score higher marks.

CA Foundation Papers 2023

As per the exam pattern of CA Foundation 2023, there are four papers on which candidates need to
focus while preparing for the exam. Each paper will be of 100 marks each.

Paper included in CA Foundation 2023 exam

Papers Details

Paper-1: Principles and Practice of Accounting

Business Laws and Business Correspondence

Paper-2:
and Reportin3

Business Mathematics, Logical Reasoning and

Paper-3:
Statistics

Business Economics and Business and

Paper-4:
Commercial Knowledge
Comprehensive CA Foundation Syllabus 2023

On the basis of above-mentioned papers, the ICAI CA Foundation syllabus for the June 2023 exams
will be as follows.

Paper-1: Principles and Practice of Accounting

Objective: To develop an understanding of the basic concepts and principles of accounting and

acquire the ability to apply the same in preparing financial statements and simple problem-
solving.

Topics Sub-Topics

(i) Meaning and Scope of accounting

(ii) Accounting Concepts, Principles and
Conventions
(iii) Accounting terminology - Glossary
(iv) Capital and revenue expenditure, Capital
and revenue receipts, Contingent assets and
contingent liabilities
Theoretical Framework
(v) Accounting Policies
(vi) Accounting as a Measurement Discipline -
Valuation Principles, Accounting Estimates
(vii) Accounting Standards - Concepts and
Objectives
(viii) Indian Accounting Standards - Concepts
and Objectives

(i) Books of Accounts

Accounting Process (ii) Preparation of Trial Balance
(iii) Rectification of Errors

Introduction, reasons, preparation of bank

Bank Reconciliation Statement
reconciliation statement

Cost of inventory, Net realizable value, Basis

Inventories and technique of inventory valuation and
record keeping
 Concepts, Methods of computation and
Concept and Accounting of Depreciation accounting treatment of depreciation, Change
in depreciation methods

(i) Bills of exchange and promissory notes-

Meaning of Bills of Exchange and Promissory
Notes and their Accounting Treatment;
Accommodation bills.
(ii) Sale of goods on approval or return basis-
Meaning of goods sent on approval or return
basis and accounting treatment.
(iii) Consignments- Meaning and Features of
Accounting for Special Transactions
consignment business, Difference between sale
and consignment, Accounting treatments for
consignment transactions and events in the
books of consignor and consignee.
(iv) Average due Date- Meaning, Calculation of
average due date in various situations.
(v) Account Current- Meaning of Account
Current, Methods of preparing Account Current

Elements of financial statements, Closing

Adjustment Entries, Trading Account, Profit and
Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors
Loss Account and Balance Sheet of
Manufacturing and Non-manufacturing entities

(i) Final Accounts of Partnership Firms

(ii) Admission, Retirement and Death of a
Partnership Accounts Partner including Treatment of Goodwill
(iii) Introduction to LLPs and Distinction of LLPs
from Partnership
 Significance of Receipt and Payment Account,
Income and Expenditure Account and Balance
Sheet, Difference between Profit and Loss
Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit
Account and Income and Expenditure Account.
Organizations
Preparation of Receipt and Payment Account,
Income and Expenditure Account and Balance
Sheet

(i) Definition of shares and debentures

(ii) Issue of shares and debentures, forfeiture of
shares, re-issue of forfeited shares
Introduction to Company Accounts
(iii) Statement of Profit and Loss and Balance
Sheet as per Schedule III to the Companies Act,
2013.

Paper-2: Business Laws and Business Correspondence and Reporting (Section A : Business
Law) - 60 Marks

Objective: To develop an understanding of significant provisions of select business laws and

acquire the ability to address basic application-oriented issues.

Topics

The Indian Contract Act, 1872: An overview of Sections 1 to 75 covering the general nature of the
contract, consideration, other essential elements of a valid contract, performance of a contract,
breach of contract, Contingent and Quasi Contract.

The Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Formation of the contract of sale, Conditions and Warranties,
Transfer of ownership and delivery of goods, Unpaid seller and his rights.

The Indian Partnership Act, 1932: General Nature of Partnership, Rights and duties of partners,
Reconstitution of firms, Registration and dissolution of a firm.

The Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008: Introduction- covering nature and scope, Essential
features, characteristics of LLP, Incorporation and differences with other forms of organizations.

The Companies Act, 2013 : Essential features of company, corporate veil theory, Classes of
companies, types of share capital, Incorporation of company, Memorandum of Association,
Articles of Association, Doctrine of Indoor Management
Paper-2: Business Laws and Business Correspondence and Reporting (Section B: Business
Correspondence and Reporting) - 40 marks

Objective: To acquire and develop good communication skills requisite for business
correspondence and reporting.

Topics Sub-Topics

(i) Types
(ii) Directions
(iii) Network
(iv) Process
(v) Problems
Communication
(vi) Barriers
(vii) Types of Communication - a) Interpersonal
Skills b) Listening Skills c) Emotional Intelligence
(viii) Sample Questions with Answers
(ix) Exercises
 (i) Sentence: Definition
(ii) Classification of sentence based on
connotation -
a) Assertive sentences b) Interrogative
sentences c) Imperative sentences d)
Exclamatory sentences e) Optative sentences
(iii) Sentence Structure - a) Subject and
Predicate b) Verb (Auxiliary, Finite) c) Object
(Direct, Indirect) d) Complement e) Adjunct or
Adverbial f) Clause Structure g) Types of
Clauses - Independent clauses - Dependent
clauses - Relative or noun clauses
(iv) Types of sentences a) Simple sentence b)
Compound sentence c) Complex sentence d)
Compound-complex sentence
(v) Direct-Indirect Speech a) Introduction b)
Sentence Types (Direct-Indirect, Active -Passive
Procedure for converting Direct speech into
Speech)
Indirect speech - Rules for converting Direct
speech into Indirect speech - Change in
pronouns - Change in tenses - Change in
modals - Changes for Imperative sentences -
Changes for Exclamatory sentences - Changes
for Interrogative sentences - Punctuation in
Direct speech c) Rules for converting Indirect
speech into Direct speech
(vi) Active Passive Voice: Introduction a) Usage:
Active vs. passive voice b) Reasons for using
Passive voice c) Changing Passive voice to
Active voice d) Changing Active voice to Passive
voice e) Suggestions for using Active and
Passive voice
(vii) Verbs Voice Active or passive
(viii) Exercises
 (i) Introduction
(ii) Significance of improving vocabulary
(iii) How to improve vocabulary
(iv) Root words
Vocabulary Root Words, Synonyms, Antonyms, (v) Synonyms and Antonyms
Prefixes, Suffixes), Phrasal verbs, Collocations (vi) Words formed by using Prefixes
and Idioms. (vii) Words formed by using Suffixes
(viii) Phrasal verbs
(ix) Collocations
(x) Idioms
(xi) Exercises

(i) Introduction to Comprehension Passages

(ii) Points to ponder
Comprehension Passages
(iii) Sample Passages with answers
(iv) Exercises

(i) Introduction to Note Making

(ii) Significance of Note Making
(iii) Detailed Format Heading (Title) - a) Sub-
heading b) Indentation c) Points d) Use of
abbreviations e) Summary f) Content g)
Note Making
Expression
(iv) Steps to Comprehend and summarize a text
(v) Helpful Hints
(vi) Sample Passages with Notes
(vii) Exercises

(i) Introduction
(ii) Process of writing
(iii) Styles of Writing
Introduction to Basic Writing (iv) Significance of writing skills for students
(v) Writing Conventions
(vi) Characteristics of good writing
(vii) Do’s and Don’ts of good writing
 (i) What is Précis writing?
(ii) Features of good Précis writing
(iii) How to write a Précis
Précis Writing
(iv) Do’s and Don’ts of Précis writing
(v) Examples (Passages with Précis)
(vi) Exercises

(i) What is an Article?

(ii) Essential elements of Article Writing
(iii) Detailed Format - a) Title b) By- Writer’s
Article Writing
Name c) Body - Introduction - Main Idea-
Support - Conclusion d) Sample Articles e)
Exercises

(i) What is a Report?

(ii) Essential elements of Report Writing
(iii) Kinds of Reports - a) Reporting for a
Meeting/Assembly b) Reporting for a
Newspaper c) Reporting for a Magazine
Report Writing
(iv) Detailed Format for (iii) above - a) Title b)
By- Writer’s Name c) Place, Date d) Body - What
- When - Where - Who - How, e) Tips and
Conventions of Report Writing f) Sample
Reports g) Exercises

(i) Types of Letters - a) Circulars b) Complaints

c) Memos d) Promotional Content e) Sales f)
Recovery/Remittances
(ii) Detailed format for (i) above a) Date b)
Salutation c) Subject d) Body of the Letter - First
Writing Formal Letters
paragraph - Second paragraph e)
Complimentary Closure
(iii) Points to Remember
(iv) Sample Letters
(v) Exercises
 (i) How to Write a Formal Mail?
(ii) Writing Effective Mails
(iii) Essential elements of Mails - a) Subject line
b) Formal Greetings c) Target Audience(Reader)
Writing Formal Mails d) Clarity and Conciseness e) Formal Closing f)
Proofread g) Feedback
(iv) Tips and Conventions of Mails
(v) Sample Mails
(vi) Exercises

(i) Essential Elements of Resume - a) Name and

contact details b) Objective Summary c)
Academic Qualifications and Achievements d)
Co-curricular Achievements e) Training
Resume Writing Programs attended/completed f) Strengths g)
Interests/Hobbies h) Declaration i) Signature
(ii) Resume Writing Tips and Conventions
(iii) Sample Resumes
(iv) Exercises

(i) Notice
(ii) Agenda
Meetings
(iii) Drafting minutes
(iv) Action Taken Report

Paper-3: Business Mathematics, Logical Reasoning and Statistics (Part – A. Business

Mathematics (40 Marks))

Objective: (a) To develop an understanding of the basic mathematical and statistical tools and their

application in Business, Finance and Economics. (b) To develop logical reasoning skills and apply
the same in simple problem-solving.

Topics Sub-Topics

Ratio and Proportion (Business Applications

related to Ration and Proportion) Laws of
Ratio and Proportion, Indices and Logarithms
Indices, Exponents and Logarithms and Anti
Logarithms.
 Simultaneous linear equations up to three
Equations variables, Quadratic and Cubic equations in
one variable

Linear Inequalities with Objective Functions and Optimization w.r.t. objective function.

(i) Simple Interest

(ii) Compound interest
(iii) Depreciation
(iv) Effective Rate of Interest
(v) Present Value
(vi) Net Present Value
(vii) Future Value
(viii) Perpetuity
Time value of Money
(ix) Annuities
(x) Sinking Funds
(xi) Valuation of Bonds
(xii) Calculating of EMI
(xiii) Calculations of Returns:
• a) Nominal Rate of Return
• b) Effective Rate of Return
• c) Compound Annual growth rate (CAGR)

Basic concepts of Permutations and

Combinations: Introduction, the Factorial,
Permutations and Combinations Permutations, results, Circular Permutations,
Permutations with restrictions, Combinations
with standard results.

Introduction Sequences, Series, Arithmetic and

Geometric progression, Relationship between
Sequence and Series
AM and GM and Sum of n terms of special
series

Sets, Relations and Functions

Basic applications of Differential and Integral calculus (Excluding the trigonometric applications),
Applications of Marginal Cost and Marginal Revenue etc.,
Paper-3: Business Mathematics, Logical Reasoning and Statistics (Part – B: Logical Reasoning
(20 Marks))

Topics

1. Number Series, Coding and Decoding and odd man out.

2. Direction Tests
3. Seating Arrangements
4. Blood Relations

Paper-3: Business Mathematics, Logical Reasoning and Statistics (Part – C: Statistics (40
Marks))

Topics Sub-Topics

Diagrammatic representation of data,

Frequency distribution, Graphical
Statistical description of Data
representation of Frequency Distribution –
Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Ogive, Pie-chart

Mean Median, Mode, Mean Deviation, Quartiles

and Quartile Deviation, Standard Deviation,
Measures of Central tendency and Dispersion
Coefficient of Variation, Coefficient of Quartile
Deviation.

Independent and dependent events; mutually

Probability exclusive events. Total and Compound
Probability and Mathematical Expectation.

Binomial Distribution, Poisson distribution –

Theoretical Distributions Basic application and Normal Distribution –
Basic applications

Correlation and Regression: Scatter diagram,

Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation Rank
Correlation and Regression Correlation, Probable Error and Probable limits.
Regression lines, Regression equations,
Regression coefficients
 Uses of Index Numbers, Problems involved in
Index Numbers the construction of Index Numbers, Methods of
construction of Index Numbers

Paper-4: Business Economics and Business and Commercial Knowledge (Part 1 - Business
Economics (60 Marks))

Objective: To develop an understanding of the concepts and theories in Business Economics and

apply such concepts and theories in simple problem-solving.

Topics Sub-Topics

(i) Meaning and scope of Business Economics

Introduction to Business Economics (ii) Basic Problems of an Economy and Role of
Price Mechanism.

(i) Meaning and determinants of demand, Law

of demand and Elasticity of demand ─ Price,
income and cross elasticity
(ii) Theory of consumer’s behaviour –
Theory of Demand and Supply Marshallian approach and Indifference curve
approach
(iii) Meaning and determinants of supply, Law
of supply and Elasticity of supply.
(iv) Demand Forecasting

(i) Meaning and Factors of production

(ii) Laws of Production – The Law of Variable
proportions and Laws of Returns to Scale,
Theory of Production and Cost Producer’s equilibrium
(iii) Concepts of Costs ─ Short-run and long-run
costs, Average and marginal costs, Total, fixed
and variable costs.
 (i) Various forms of markets – Perfect
Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic
Price Determination in Different Markets
Competition and Oligopoly
(ii) Price determination in these markets

(i) Meaning
(ii) Phases
Business Cycles
(iii) Features.
(iv) Causes behind these Cycles.

Paper-4: Business Economics and Business and Commercial Knowledge (Part 2 - Business
and Commercial Knowledge (40 Marks))

Objective: To develop an understanding of common business and commercial concepts and to

keep abreast with developments in the business and commercial world

Topics Sub-Topics

Nature of Business, Profession and

Business and Commercial Knowledge – An Employment. Objectives of Business. Economic
Introduction and Non-Economic Activities, Forms of
Business Organizations.

Micro and Macro Environment, Elements of

Micro Environment – Consumers/Customers,
Competitors, Organization, Market, suppliers,
Business Environment Intermediaries, Elements of Macro
Environment – Demographic, Economic,
Political-legal, Socio-cultural, Technological,
Global Environment

Overview of selected Indian and Global

Business Organizations
Companies.

Policies creating a conducive business

Government Policies for Business Growth environment such as Liberalization,
Privatization, Foreign Direct Investment

(i) Indian Regulatory Bodies – RBI, SEBI, CCI,

Organizations Facilitating Business
IRDAI (ii) Indian Development Banks – NABARD
 (i) Finance and Stock & Commodity Markets
Terminology. (ii) Marketing Terminology. (iii)
Common Business Terminologies
Banking Terminology. (iv) Other Business
Terminology

CA Foundation 2023 Exam Pattern

Having insights about the exam pattern will help candidates in formulating their preparation plan
and studying accordingly. Knowing how many questions the candidates have to answer within a
specific time frame will help candidates evaluating their average answer time.

Exam Pattern

• Paper 1 and 2 will be of 3 hours

Duration of the question papers
• Paper 3 and 4 will be of 2 hours

• Paper 1 and 2 - Subjective

Question Type
• Paper 3 and 4 - Objective

Marks Each paper will be of 100 marks.

Total marks 400

For subjective (Paper 1 and 2) - NO negative

marking
Marking scheme
For objective papers (Paper 3 and 4) - ¼ mark
will be deducted for every wrong answer

English/Hindi except for Paper 2 (section b

Medium of exam
which will be in English only)

Apart from brushing up on their knowledge and conceptual understanding through the official ICAI
Foundation syllabus, candidates enrolled for the Chartered Accountancy course should always stay
updated with the commercial world by reading a financial newspaper or a business magazine on day
to day basis.
Frequently Asked Question (FAQs) - CA Foundation Syllabus & Subjects 2023
(New & Old) - Paper Wise Syllabus, Important Topics, Pattern

Question: Where can I find the CA Foundation syllabus 2023?

Answer:

CA Foundation syllabus is available on the official website of ICAI under BoS Knowledge Portal of ICAI.

Question: Can I download CA Foundation syllabus free of charge?

Answer:

Yes, the syllabus is available on the official website free of charge. ICAI does not charge any
additional fee to allow candidates to download the syllabus.

Question: What is included in the syllabus of CA foundation exam?

Answer:

Complete details related to the topics and subtopics covered in the syllabus along with the purpose
of the study.

Question: Is the CA foundation exam 2023 MCQ based?

Answer:

As per the paper pattern, Paper 1 and 2 of the CA Foundation exam are subjective and Paper 3 and 4
are objective in nature.