Outsourced Logistics 200809

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September 2008
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Editorial
Freight Doesn't Vote
ummer films arent usually meant to inspire much more than pure escapism. Swing Vote may be prophetic for the logistics community. Recent events paraphrase the films premise that a single vote will decide the presidential race. In the real-world example, a single letter swayed a politician who mobilized to support a position held by the logistics community that resulted in the first-ever definition of a third party logistics provider in US legislation. (See pg. 11.) This isnt the first time logistics has become a political issue, though it is probably one of the issues that will escape public notice. Often progress comes slowly and quietly. Much louder are the arguments over the DHL decision to outsource its North American air lift to UPS. That decision isnt so much the subject of the debate as the resulting loss of business for ABX and the Wilmington, OH hub which had supported the DHL operations. The fact that DHL did not withdraw from the US market and that air freight volumes it handles will move through the UPS WorldPort two hours south of Wilmington seems to have been missed as the small Ohio community reels under significant job losses--or job displacement. DHLs expansion in North America may have been more carefully planned than
its contraction. As it proceeded with its bid to buy Airborne Express, the German-owned company ensured the air operations were shifted to an American-owned and American-controlled group to avoid US restrictions on foreign ownership or control of a US airline. That group, ABX, became DHLs prime contractor for airlift. DHL had learned from the experience of DP World, the Dubai group that acquired UK-based P&O Ports and with it, terminal operations in the US. It had also noted at least three separate failed attempts by British Airways to merge with US airlines. Ohio is important to the presidential candidates, so the DHL issue and Wilmingtons plight wont go away. The term foreign owned has been used in an accusatory rather than factual tone when referring to DHL. Logistics, by its nature, is global and the companies providing logistics services have complex pedigrees. US-based firms hold assets and pay salaries to workers around the world just as non-US logistics companies operate terminals, warehouses and provide jobs for Americans. The larger global issues affecting logistics (oil, trade, etc.) make big, sweeping turns. Closer in, at the DP World and DHL level, the turns are tighter and faster. The issues driving them are much more localized and often more difficult to see developing. Whether real or imagined concerns such as security at New Yorks ports (DP World), mortgaging key infrastructure to non-US owners (Indianas toll road), and job losses in Ohio can lead to restrictive legislation and regulation that ultimately constrains logistics and damages trade. As difficult as these issues are to uncover and address as they develop, they are even more difficult to reverse once they have gained momentum. The definition and role of a third party logistics provider were buried deep inside consumer product safety legislation that was responding to recent cases of tainted foods and lead paint in toys. One diligent logistics professional noticed the language and started the process that averted future restrictions. US companies alone spend over $1 trillion per year on logistics. Freight may not vote, but the logistics community does. Its time to become a more vocal constituency.
Perry A. Trunick, chief editor, [email protected]
Outsourced Logistics
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September 2008 Vo l u m e 1 , N u m b e r 4
Global Markets
Vulnerable Infrastructure Equals Economic Risk Community Voice Congress Defines Role of 3PLs
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Operations Ready for Action? The request for proposal is a critical step in the process of outsourcing. Don't short circuit results with an incomplete process.
Operations Governmental Matters Community Voice Six Paradigms for Determining Whether to Outsource Supply Chain Management Services Logistics Services Air CargoWhere Does It Go From Here? Community Voice The Anatomy of Supply Chain Technology
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Field Report Is There Such a Thing as Six Sigma Lite? Questioning Six Sigma Effectiveness, Scale and Alternatives.
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3PL File Expeditors International of Washington, Inc.
Departments
Features
Logistics Services 3PLs Recognized for Excellence The second annual third-party logistics service awards presentation by eyefortransport recognized companies in seven categories.
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Editorial Freight Doesn't Vote Classifieds Advertiser Index
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2 | September 2008 | Outsourced Logistics
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EASTERN REGION Jim Oot, Phone: 973-335-8902, Fax: 973-335-8903, [email protected] WESTERN REGION Keith Taunton, Phone: 334-514-8107, Fax: 334-514-9377, [email protected] FLORIDA Bob Eck, Phone: 352-391-5577, [email protected] ENGLAND Paul Barrett, Mark Whiteacre, David Moore Phone: 44-1268-711-560, Fax: 44-1268-711-567 FRANCE Fabio Lancellotti, Phone: 331-4294-0244, Fax: 331-4387-2729 ITALY Cesare Casiraghi, Phone: 39-31-261407, Fax: 39-31-261380 BELGIUM, HOLLAND Peter Sanders, Phone: 31-299-671303, Fax: 31-299-671500 TOKYO Yoshinori Ikeda, Phone: 813-3661-6138, Fax: 813-3661-6139 SEOUL, KOREA Young Sang Jo, Phone: 822-739-7840-2, Fax: 822-732-3662 TAIWAN Charles Liu, Phone: 886-2-707-5829, Fax: 886-2-707-5825 CHINA Ballycastle Trading, Inc. Ltd., Phone: 852-524-7256, Fax: 852-524-7027 INDIA Shivaji Bhattacharjee Phone: 91-11-268-7005, Fax: 91-11-2652-6055 SINGAPORE Mike Seah, Phone: 65-299-0413, Fax: 65-758-7850 or 65-296-6629
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Outsourced Logistics (ISSN 1547-1438) is published monthly by Penton Media, Inc., 9800 Metcalf Ave., Overland Park, KS 66212-2216. The magazine is sent to qualified management in the field of logistics. Periodicals postage paid at Shawnee Mission, KS and at additional mailing offices. Can. GST #R126431964. Publications Mail Agreement # 40026880. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Outsourced Logistics, P.O. Box 2113, Skokie, IL 60076-7813. Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 2008 by Penton Media Inc. Send editorial correspondence to: Editor, Outsourced Logistics, 1300 E. 9th Street, Cleveland, OH 44114-1503, or [email protected] For information on obtaining reprints:Contact Penton Reprints at 888.858.8851 [email protected] List Rentals: Walter Karl Inc., Rosalie Garcia, (845) 732-7027, [email protected] Copying: Permission is granted to users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCC) to photocopy any article, with the exception of those for which separate ownership is indicated on the first page of the article, provided that a base fee of $1.25 per copy of the article plus 60 per page is paid directly to the CCC, 222 Rosewood Dr., Danvers, MA 01923. (Code No. 0895-8548/08 $1.25 + $.60)
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Global Markets
Vulnerable Infrastructure Equals

By Scott Sigman
Economic Risk
he Mississippi River tanker-barge collision offers a reminder of the sometime, though rare, vulnerability of transportation life on this important corridor for US commerce. Just how much potential economic impact could result from the closure of this key trade artery? The US inland waterways are the most efficient and environmentally friendly means for transporting bulk goods across domestic markets for consumption or for export. However, a disruption to the services operated on the waterways due to infrastructure incapacity
The cost of moving all of this freight via waterway was estimated at $118.6 million for the quarterly period. Our estimate for modal shift from the waterwaysif the correct equipment was even availablevia alternative modes amounted to a significantly more expensive $482.8 million via rail and $1.50 billion via highway in terms of the carriers costs.
would have significant and undesirable domino effects. Global Insight evaluated inland waterway freight moving by barge through the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers during the period October-December 2005, and modeled a 90-day closure of the water routes. Global Insight analysts utilized the companys proprietary TRANSEARCH database of freight information to establish the volume of freight by commodity type moving on the waterways during the subject period. Most waterborne freight in the region was grain (corn and soybeans). Other types of freight, such as coal, minerals, waste materials, chemicals and petroleum also moved. Global Insights Cost Models were employed to calculate the costs of movement by barge, as well as alternative costs of moving freight in the same origin-destination corridors by rail and by truck. Different commodities required different equipment types (tank, covered hopper, open, deck, etc.) and various modes involved variety in length of haul evaluations due to route circuity. Global Insight analyses showed that in the period under review, the volume of freight in the study area was approximately 14.9 million tons, with a product value of $6.7 billion, and the number of loaded barges of around 9,300. The cost of moving all of this freight via waterway was estimated at $118.6 million for the quarterly period. Our estimate for modal shift from the waterwaysif the correct equipment was even availablevia alternative modes amounted to a significantly more expensive $482.8 million via rail and $1.50 billion via highway in terms of the carriers costs. Using estimates of typical market rates for rail and truck movements, the charges to the shipping/receiving public would raise the transport price component (from the Waterway base) by $579.3 million via rail or $1.62 billion via highway. Interest in the inland waterway system has been piqued by this summers Midwest flooding and closing of river locks, such as Lock #27 in Alton IL. The analytical framework used to evaluate the fourth quarter of 2005 focused only on the Upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers. The impact would be significantly greater if the Ohio River and other portions of the inland waterway network were considered. Across regions and communities, particular industries and commodities depend on inland marine transportation. Lock closures on the inland waterways are not well understood by general audiences. Voters as taxpayers, politicians, and community leaders will pay little attention to the importance of the continuous flow of commerce upon the inland waterway systemuntil that system is disturbed. Natural linkages connect others in the economy to those interest groups, so better communication of the implications for, and risks to the system apply to the whole national economy. The vessels that ply the national waterways are so often an afterthoughtuntil a headline grabber arises. A lock closed to barges, towboats, pushboats, and the cargo and equipment that they carry grinds the system to a halt. Adverse impacts would be numerous and extensive. For example, food supplies, export sales (which are driven by agricultural sector farm production), and most importantly, electrical service that depends on coal movement to support industrial production in other sectors would be disrupted. Risk management and forward planning must be based on future projected impacts, predicated on facts for public and private interests. Evaluation of the inland waterways capacities, capabilities, and the importance to overall freight flows needs to be better understood. The economic effect of a lock closure to an industry or to a jurisdiction, whether scheduled or unscheduled, is critical and necessary information. Recall that the lock chambers and mechanisms built in the 1930s were designed for 50 years of operations; another 25 years have passed. They arent getting any younger. Scott Sigman is a trade and transportation analyst with Global Insight.
Global Markets
News Briefs September 08
ProLogis To Develop Hungary Facility

ProLogis will develop a 20,600 square-meter facility in Budapest, Hungary for UTi (Hungary) Logistics LLC. The new build-to-suit facility will be located at ProLogis Park Budapest-Sziget. The distribution park, 17 km south of downtown Budapest, features 170,700 square meters (1.8 million square feet) of industrial space. Our dynamic growth in Hungary has required us to partner with a provider that understands our evolving needs and can plan for the long-term while offering flexible solutions, said Zotn Bagyinszki, managing director of UTi (Hungary) LLC. UTi Hungarys new facility is ideal for large-scale regional distribution, commented Michael de JongDouglas, managing director for ProLogis in Central and Eastern Europe. Over the last several years, an increasing number of multinational companies have established operations in Budapest due to the citys convenient access to key markets in Central and Eastern Europe, he continued. Low-cost labor and a large local population were additional benefits he cited. ProLogis Park Budapest-Sziget consists of five buildings totaling 80,800 square meters (870,000 square feet) of space. The site is connected to the national and international traffic network by the M0 motorway and has access to the international airport and M1, M7 and M5 motorways. When fully built out, the industrial park will have 10 buildings and over 170,700 square meters (1.8 million square feet) of space. Other tenants include Schneider Electric, NCR, Filtrona, Quadrant, Transped, Rhenus Archico and KS Spediton.
Averitts New Asian Service Promises Faster Transit Times

The carrier says that its less-than-container load (LCL) service offers transit times 10 days faster than traditional LCL moves. Called the Asia-Memphis Express, LCL service is tightly integrated with Averitt Express domestic less than truckload (LTL) network. In explaining how the new service differs from those of other providers, Charlie McGee, the carriers vice president of International Development says, With most traditional LCL service, cargo is consolidated at origin and deconsolidated at the first port of entry, increasing the risk of delay. Under our system, our exclusive relationships with partners in Asia give us the critical mass we need to ship LCL containers on a fixed schedule direct to Memphis. Averitt loads containers in Asia and books them through to Memphis, continues McGee. Freight doesnt have to wait for Customs clearance at the West Coast ports. After moving through Los Angeles/Long Beach containers go immediately to the carriers bonded distribution center in Memphis where they clear Customs. Cargo is then deconsolidated and moved to customers through the LTL distribution network. Averitt expects its Asia-Memphis Express service to be of particular appeal for medium to small importers that rely on LCL shipping for international service. Speed and consistency of delivery will be key to the success of the service, notes McGee. LCL shippers need delivery consistency to keep their supply chain costs down. With this consistent service, we can prevent them from having to keep higher safety stock inventory levels or resort to airfreight to recover from random delays on LCL shipments.
DP World and ZIM Ports Buy Spanish Container Terminal

The two acquire the Tarragona Container Terminal Port from Spains Contarsa. Under terms of the partnership DP World will own 60% of the operations, ZIM the remaining 40%. This is the first port for DP World in Spain. The terminal has an annual capacity of 150,000 TEU (twenty-foot equivalent) and potential for expansion. Tarragona is an exciting addition to our global portfolio with considerable growth potential, says DP World Chairman, Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem. We are looking forward to building a closer relationship with Spain to serve customers across the region as well as increasing the trade between the Middle East and southern Europe. ZIM Ports, a fully-owned subsidiary of ZIM, explains that Tarragona is located in the Northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, and is well positioned to grow as a significant gateway for Spain and as a Mediterranean hub for global shipping services. It is a deep-water port and has strong supporting adjacent logistic centers, as well as excellent road and rail connectivity to Barcelona, Valencia, Madrid and the Spanish hinterland. Tarragona is very well-placed to service a large market and the city has recently attracted investment from major multi-national distributors, in view of its established infrastructure links, claims Doron Goder, ZIM president & CEO. We are looking forward to working with DP World in developing Tarragona Container Terminal and making it a great success. ZIM plans to call at Tarragona with its services towards the end of 2008 and to progressively expand it as a regional hub.
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Global Markets
Corpus Christi To Add Venezuela Service

The Port of Corpus Christi entered a memorandum of understanding with SaintGobain Norpro to establish regular shipping service between the Port of Corpus Christi and Venezuela. The service would call on the Port of Corpus Christi once a month and bring in approximately 5,000 tons of super sacked cargo north bound. St. Gobain will utilize 50% of the number nine warehouse (approximately 50,000 square feet) and the vessel will berth at the north side general cargo docks. The super sacked cargo will consist of Ceramic Proppants, which will be distributed by truck on a monthly basis throughout Texas. We are very pleased to establish this new two-way service to Latin America which is the result of a prior trade mission to Venezuela and our diligent efforts over the years to promote the concept of such a service, said Ruben Bonilla, chairman of The Port of Corpus Christi. Southbound cargo would consist of break bulk, bulk and project cargo. Southbound ports of call in Venezuela would include Puerto Cabello, Guanta, and Puerto Ordaz on the Orinoco River. Puerto Ordaz is one of the main ports on the Orinoco River and is located approximately 170 nautical miles inland from the sea. Puerto Ordaz is strategically placed to provide direct transportation service to Matanzas, Ciudad Guyana, Ciudad Boilvar as well as other industrial areas in the countrys southeast corridor. The Guyana region has one of the best road networks in Venezuela to include bridges and recently constructed 4- and 6-lane highways connecting Puerto Ordaz with the Matanzas Industrial Zone and all neighboring cities. Vessel operator SCM Lines will provide the service
Shenzhen New Site For UPS Hub

UPS will move its intra-Asia air hub from the Philippines to Shenzhen, China in the Pearl River Delta. The company says locating the hub outside Hong Kong will cut a day off shipment times in transit for Asian customers. The hub is expected to be operational by 2010 and represents an investment of approximately $180 million. The Shenzhen hub, expected to total about 89,000 square meters in size (almost 1 million square feet), will include an express customs handling unit, sorting facilities, cargo handling and cargo build-up areas and ramp handling operations. It will be capable initially of processing up to 18,000 pieces per hour compared to the existing 7,500 pieces per hour in the Philippines. The company says the hub can be easily expanded to a capacity of 36,000 pieces per hour. It will employ about 400 people Shenzhens strategic location will provide significant advantages, allowing UPS to better serve the growing Asian markets along these rapidly expanding trade lanes, said Dan Brutto, president, UPS International. For example, we expect a full days improvement in transit time on almost 200 city pairs once this hub opens. Given the growth in shipping along the southern rim of China, it now makes more sense to sort and dispatch this volume from a hub closer to our customers, explained Brutto. And in making the switch, because of the growth were seeing, we intend to build a new sorting hub in Shenzhen with five times the capacity of the existing hub. UPS is very grateful to the Shenzhen government and Shenzhen Airport Authority for their strong support of our expansion and we look forward to a successful partnership. UPS long has pursued a multi-hub strategy in Asia with existing facilities in the Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore. The hub in the Philippines, located in Pampanga at the former Clark Air Force Base, opened in 2002 and became the site for a large sorting facility to handle packages destined for other points in Asia. The other three hubs generally handle volume moving in or out of Asia to North America and Europe. The existing facility at Clark will continue to be a strategic location for UPSs multi-hub network in Asia. In addition to Clarks role as the main import and export gateway for the Philippines, UPS also is exploring placing alternative operations there.
Global Markets
Community Voice
Congress Defines Role of 3PLs
By Pat OConnor and Joel Anderson
A single letter spurred action on an issue important to international supply chains.
he International Warehouse Logistics Association (IWLA) and its members recently scored a significant government affairs success in Washington, DC. A landmark consumer product safety law was passed in early August recognizing the role of a third-party logistics provider (3PL). Legislation (HR 4040), now at the White House, marks the first time that the term third-party logistics provider has been defined in federal law. 3PLs are specifically defined in this historic legislation that will remove toxic chemicals from toys, and put a more powerful and better-funded cop on the beat to police the safety of consumer goods. The measure, now awaiting President Bushs signature, represents the most significant expansion of the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) since it was created in 1973. It also represents a fundamental shift in the federal governments approach to protecting consumers from dangerous products: transforming a reactive stance to a preventive one by dealing with hazards before goods reach the marketplace, including products manufactured overseas. The new law imposes substantial new requirements and penalties on manufacturers, distributors and retailers, but specifically states that a 3PL is not to be considered a manufacturer, distributor or retailer. The 3PL provision ensures that responsibility for compliance with CPSC recall orders, etc., rests with the product owner and not the third-party warehouse. Establishing the role of the 3PL in the supply chain via federal law is critical as the domestic and global supply chain comes under increased scrutiny by legislators and regulators. Concerns over cargo security and product safety dominate the policy debate. This new law reaffirms the role of the 3PL as an intermediary in the supply chain, similar to the carrier or forwarder. It sets a critical precedent as Congress turns to similar legislation for food, pharmaceuticals and cargo security.
IWLA and it members were instrumental in making this happen. The process started in March when an IWLA member asked association representative Pat OConnor in Washington DC to look at the bill that was then pending in the Senate. It soon became clear that the CPSC bill would impose responsibilities on third-party warehouses, by defining them by default as a distributor. IWLA drafted an amendment to fix the problem and met with congressional staff to seek support. Although congressional staff showed interest, the process went into overdrive when an IWLA member from Arkansas reached out to Senator Mark Pryor (D-AR), a key Senator on the House-Senate conference committee, a small working group tasked with writing the final legislation. Senator Pryors interest was increased as IWLA members in key states mobilized to contact other members of the House-Senate conference committee. This was followed by a call to action to the IWLA membership that resulted in hundreds of letters to Congress. In case anyone believes one letter cant make a difference, one of the letters sent by an IWLA member convinced a key congressman from Tennessee to enter the fray. Representative Bart Gordons (D-TN) office called OConnor and said that Gordon wanted to help. Representative Gordon contacted Senator Pryor. They reached out to the CPSC, who called OConnor several times to discuss legislative language, with the end result being adoption of the IWLA amendment. Editors note: As of press time, we learned that President Bush had signed HR 4040 into law. Pat OConnor is the IWLA representative in Washington, DC.
Joel Anderson is IWLA President and CEO.
September 2008
| 11
Operations
Governmental
No matter who is elected in November, important logistics issues will face the new administration. Already there is concern and controversy within government at the Federal level on matters that will move to the forefront as Congress returns from its recess and on into next year.
contain the same environmental and planning requirements as they do today, but with a reduction of the present 13-year average for designing and building new highways in the US. The Secretary claims that the new framework will renew federal focus on maintaining and improving performance on the Interstate Highway System; address urban congestion and give state and local leaders greater flexibility to invest in their transit and highway priorities; create accountability measurers to ensure investments in transportation will actually deliver results; refocus emphasis on safety using technology and data-driven approaches, while giving states greater flexibility to address their specific safety challenges; and streamline the federal review process for new transportation projects. These proposals will not go unquestioned and promise to be the focus of a great deal of debate by many interested parties well into the next Administration. In fact, immediately upon the Secretarys announcement of the new approach the Owner-Operator Independent Drivers Association (OOIDA) called the plan nothing more than slash and burn policy.
alling the federal approach to transportation broken, US Transportation Secretary Mary E. Peters said its time for a new, different and better approach. Among ways of funding the new plan she suggested direct pricing options like tolling and empowering states to take advantage of the over $400 billion available worldwide for infrastructure investments from the private sector. In describing the present Administrations new approach, Secretary Peters said, Our plan will make it easier to pay for and build roads and transit systems. It will deliver fewer traffic tie-ups, better transit services and a stronger economy. It will make our roads safer and give Americans new confidence that the money they invest in transportation will actually deliver results. Among other aspects of the plan is creation of a Metropolitan Innovation fund to reward cities willing to combine a mix of effective transit investments, dynamic pricing of highways and new traffic technologies. The new approach seeks to replace the current 102 federal transportation programs with eight intermodal programs. There will also be a streamlined federal review process to
Matters
The Cross-Border Controversy: Cancelled or Continued?
Particularly with reference to public-private partnerships, OOIDA executive vice president, Todd Spencer, argued that, The administration is on its way out, putting a For Sale sign on our highways as a last ditch effort to reward their buddies on Wall Street. Peters has personally briefed Members of Congress on the plan. While I understand that this plan represents a significant departure from the status quo, she notes. I hope that Congress will shed partisan labels and come together to consider a piece of legislation that will keep our transportation system viable well into the next decade.
Four days after Congressional moves were made to end the contentious demonstration program, the Department of Transportation announced a two-year extension of it. Begun on September 6, 2007, the program allows a restricted number of Mexican trucks to operate within the US, beyond the 25-mile restricted commercial zone at the southern border. A limited number of US trucks have been allowed to operate within Mexico as part of the program. The demonstration project engendered opposition from a number of organizations. Most vocal among opponents have been the International Brotherhood of Teamsters and the Owner-Operator Independent Drivers Association (OOIDA). Objections have focused on the qualifications of Mexican drivers and the safety of Mexican equipment being used, among other issues. Representatives sponsoring legislation to end the program are Peter DeFazio (Dem.-OR), James Oberstar (Dem.-MN), John J. Duncan (Rep.-TN) and John Mica (Rep.-FL). H.R. 6630 calls for termination of the project. The bill received unanimous approval from the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee which has sent it to be acted on by the full House when it returns from the August recess. Congress has previously attempted to shut the program down by banning funding for it in a federal law that went into effect on December 26, 2007. DOT did not terminate the program then.
Days after the House Committees actions DOTs Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administrator, John H. Hill, announced the cross border trucking demonstration project would be extended for an additional two years. Part of the reasoning was that companies might have been reluctant to participate because they are unsure of how long the project will last. With the extension, says Hill in a statement, they may join, making it possible to review and evaluate the project with more comprehensive data. FMCSA has adhered to the law and exceeded requirements established by Congress, both safety and otherwise, for implementing our obligations under NAFTA, claims Hill. To date, the project has shown that US and Mexican carriers can engage in cross-border trucking operations in compliance with applicable laws and with no compromise to public safety or security. In fact, Mexican trucks and drivers have established compliance rates equal or better to those of US trucks and drivers. In reaction to the announced extension, Teamster general president James P Hoffa, said, The blatant disregard . that [DOT Secretary] Peters, Hill and the Bush administration have shown to Congress, which has time and again expressed overwhelming opposition to this unsafe program, is outrageous. They have continued down this dangerous road that threatens American drivers and their families despite a federal law that bans funding for the program. The federal law took effect on Dec. 26, 2007, yet the FMCSA claimed it did not understand its intent and refused to shut down the pilot project, which began shortly after Labor Day last year. Saying the Secretary of Transportation is continuing to flout the will of Congress, Representative Oberstar vowed that, When Congress reconvenes in September, I intend to have the full House of Representatives approve our bill as quickly as possible, and make certain that the voice of Congress is heard loud and clear at the Department of Transportation and that this program is finally shut down. On the day after the program began last year, OOIDA filed a lawsuit intended to halt it with the US Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit in San Francisco. The case has been argued and awaits judgment.
Operations
Why the Post Office Lost $1.13 Billion
The same issues causing problems for other providers are taking a toll on US Postal Service (USPS), as well. The fiscal year-to-date decline is being blamed on the current national economic climate. Weakness in the housing and credit markets, both of which are heavy users of mail, are leading the declines in mail volume, claims Postmaster General John Potter. There were increases in transportation expenses, too, driven by fuel costs. Year-to-date total mail volume through the third quarter is off 5.5%, year over year. As the USPS looks forward it notes that if trends continues this will be only the seventh year that total mail volume has decreased in the past 50 years. It would represent the largest loss for the USPS since 2002. Volumes for both First Class and Standard Mail are down 5.5%. In the third quarter, operating revenues are $17.9 billion, off $437 million, 2.4%, year over year. While operating expenses increased just 1.0%, up $178 million in the quarter, they were $19.0 billion despite large boosts in fuel prices. When the economy does rebound, observes Potter, mail volume may not return to previous levels. This requires that we significantly accelerate process improvements and the realignment of resources in order to achieve long-term financial success. Failure to do so will threaten our ability to meet our mission of providing universal service at affordable prices. On a positive note, during the quarter on-time delivery hit record highs for the categories of First Class Mail the USPS tracks. Overnight service was 97% on-time; two-day service was 95% on-time; and threeday service was 94% on-time. These were gains of 1%, 2% and 3% respectively.
US Mandates Automated Export Filing

The US Census Bureau has issued its final rule implementing provisions requiring mandatory filing of export information through the Automated Export System (AES). Effective July 2, 2008, the Census Bureau required mandatory filing of export information through the Automated Export System (AES) or through the AESDirect for all shipments where a Shippers Export Declaration (SED) is required. The Census Bureau is providing an additional 90 days to implement these new requirements. After the 90-day implementation period, which ends September 30, 2008, exporters must file export information electronically through the AES or AESDirect. Additionally, these new regulations have tougher penalty provisions that affect everyone in the export process, says the Census Bureau. Penalties may be imposed per violation of the Foreign Trade Regulations (FTR) from $1,100 to $10,000 both civil and criminal, for the delayed filing, failure to file, false filing of export information, and/or using the AES to further any illegal activity. Also, all AES filers are faced with new filing deadlines by mode of transportation for reporting export information. The Census Bureau has instructed filers of export information to make every effort to submit these data via the AES or AESDirect to eliminate the use of paper SEDs immediately. During the 120-day implementation phase, the Census Bureau will use informed compliance to reach out to filers identified as being in violation of the FTR. Anyone submitting paper after September 30, 2008 will be in violation of the FTR and subject to penalties. The Census Bureau can assist with information on the new FTR and filing export information electronically through the AES. Exporters may call 1-800-549-0595 with questions. AES Compliance Seminars, and AESPcLink Certification Workshops will be offered in various cities in the United States. To find out more about these seminars and workshops, visit the Census Bureau Web site at www.census.gov/trade.
Too Many Big Ships May Mean Excess Capacity

Authoritative Drewry Shipping Consultants says that too much emphasis is being placed by the liner shipping industry on the current strength of European-Far East trade lanes. As a result, the global marine consultant firm is seeing a great number of new orders for larger ships. In its eighth Annual Container Market Review and Forecast 2007/08, Drewrys supply/demand Index for 2009 anticipates a weakening of the core trades. Further, the report cautions the industry to be aware that economic factors may further undermine the balance in 2010, when the first of the newly ordered 10,000 TEU (twenty foot equivalent unit) ships are slated to move into the European-Far East trade. Neil Dekker, Editor of the Drewrey report, notes, The industry should remain concerned that the transpacific and transatlantic trades are not performing well. Current weaknesses in the US economy serve as a warning that double-digit demand growth in the transpacific trade is not permanent. Ocean carriers need to remain wary of their costs and the management of the cascading of big ships from the main east/west trades to the smaller north/south trades.
Operations
The National Customs Brokers and Forwarders Association of America (NCBFAA) filed a petition with the Federal Maritime Commission (FMC) seeking an exemption from the requirement to publish rate tariffs. If granted, non-vessel operating common carriers (NVOCCs) would no longer be required to publish, in tariff form, any rates negotiated with individual shippers as long as those agreed upon rates were somehow memorialized in written form, said NCBFAA. That form could range from a formal contract to a simple exchange of e-mails. One aspect of current FMC regulatory policy that carries undue and totally unnecessary burdens is the requirement that NVOCCs publish and maintain rate tariffs, said Mary Jo Muoio, president of NCBFAA. These published rate tariffs are almost never reviewed or used by customers, said Muoio. The NCBFAA urged the FMC to grant the requested relief which would, said NCBFAA, incorporate the following principles: The exemption would be voluntary rather than mandatory; The exemption would relate only to rate tariffs. Rules tariffs would still need to be published and maintained; Negotiated NVOCC rates would be governed solely by contract law considerations; NVOCCs with NVOCC Ser vice Agreements (NSAs) would continue to file those with the FMC; To qualify, these negotiated rates would need to be documented; The FMC staff would continue to have access to these negotiated agreements and the files of NVOCCs; The exemption would not be construed so as to convey antitrust immunity on NVOCCs; The exemption would be applicable only for licensed or registered NVOCCs. Any companies unlawfully providing NVOCC services would not be able to engage in these activities.
Customs Brokers File Tariff Exemption
Working Together to Speed Mexican Border Crossings

At the conclusion of the 26th Annual Border Governors Conference, the 10 US and Mexican border states issued a joint declaration that they would work together to cut down on crossing times at the US-Mexican border and take measures to increase security. The joint declaration is the result of work by the Conferences Logistics & International Crossings Work Table that includes governmental official from the 10 states. They are California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas from the US and the Mexican states of Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Sonora and Tamaulipas. The specific recommendations are: Supporting the US Customs and Border Protections efforts to obtain funding for additional border crossing inspectors and, along with Mexicos Institute of Migration, using available funding to immediately fill inspector vacancies at land ports of entry along the US-Mexico border. It is also recommended that both agencies consider current and future staffing needs for expanded hours of operation, peak hours, doublestacked inspection booths and additional port projects. Reducing border wait times substantially by the year 2013, and completing Bi-national State-to-State Regional Border Master Plans among the 10 border states within three years. The plans will facilitate regional and infrastructure planning and strategic resource allocation in the US-Mexico Border Region. Supporting border states requests for a Presidential Permit for international crossings, such as the Otay Mesa East Port of Entry in San Diego County that utilizes alternative financing mechanisms to help minimize border wait times. Expanding the number of informational signs posted on the US side of the border to increase public awareness of weapons and ammunition laws. Although some ports of entry have informational warning signs, US travelers entering Mexico today may be unaware of regulations regarding weapons and ammunition and face immediate arrest and severe prosecution.
LAN Cargo to Open New Operations in Colombia

The carrier has one year to launch the cargo subsidiary. Colombia represents the largest air cargo market in Latin America for exports to the US. Its annual volume is estimated at 200 million tons. The creation of this new subsidiary furthers the consolidation of our cargo network, effectively connecting the main productive centers and markets in the region, while reaffirming our objective of uniting Latin America with the rest of the world, claims Cristian Ureta, LAN Cargos CEO. The carrier explains the LAN Alliance serves 14 destinations in Chile, 12 destinations in Peru, 10 destinations in Argentina, two destinations in Ecuador, 15 destinations in other Latin American countries and the Caribbean, three destinations in the United States, two destinations in Europe and four destinations in the South Pacific, as well as 58 additional international destinations through its various code-share agreements.
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September 2008
| Outsourced Logistics
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Operations
Community Voice
Six Paradigms For Determining Whether to Outsource Supply Chain Management Services
By John Fitzgerald
hile outsourcing of supply chain services is still increasing despite the weakened economy, the decision for a company to outsource to third party logistics providers is not an all or nothing proposition and requires an in-depth evaluation of its entire supply chain process. In todays dynamic global business environment with enhanced technologies and vastly extended supply chains, companies are often confused by the many logistics options available to them. Before making a decision on how to best implement a supply chain management process, companies should evaluate their own cultural alignment, core competencies and business capabilities. A companys cultural alignment and cross-departmental capabilities, especially as they relate to technology, will provide the seminal factors in determining whether it should keep supply chain management services inhouse, outsource them to a third party logistics provider, or employ a combination of both. Here are six paradigms that companies should abide by when making an outsourcing decision: 1. Determine the State of Your WMS System: How state-of-the art is the WMS system you have in place? If your company is consistently out-of-stock with finished products for your customers, your in-house system probably does not have the IT capabilities to avoid poor lead times and missed shipments for your customers. You need to outsource or lose customers. If, on the other hand, your company has the wherewithal to provide the proper implementation of an enhanced and robust IT infrastructure, you may be able to realize cost-savings and efficiencies by avoiding the need to outsource your logistics functions
2. Take a Good Look at Your Production Facilities. If you find that your production facilities are down for long periods of time and your logistics operations are not flexible enough to meet the requirements of after-hours deliveries and expedited service, you may have no choice but to pay the extra costs by outsourcing your logistics process on top of paying for large overhead for an inflexible logistics operation. If your in-house logistics operation is already funded as a core competency, however, you may already have a competitive edge. Flexibility is the key here. 3. Evaluate Your Delivery Date Success. If the targeted dates for your time-sensitive product launches are not consistently being met, it is a good indication your internal staffing and facility capacity cannot keep up with your customer demand. Your company probably requires the assistance of a 3PL. If, on the other hand, your company properly funds your logistics department and you are already an industry leader in supply chain efficiency and service, you are probably realizing economies of scale with regards to your warehouses, fleets etc., and can probably maintain these operations in-house. 4. Assess Your Overhead and Fixed Logistics Costs. If these expenses are squeezing your bottom line, you may realize virtually instant savings by consolidating your warehouse operations with a shared facility operated by a 3PL. This can enable you to move fixed costs to a variable expense, which provides flexibility in responding to market dynamics. If your company culture includes logistics as a driving force in your overall operations, you can probably adequately leverage these expenses in-house. 5. Examine Your Companys IT Capabilities. If
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September 2008
your in-house technology is unable to adapt to your growing supply chain needs, you should consider outsourcing your companys logistics data and integrating it with that of a 3PL that specializes in customized supply chain solutions. Rather than waiting years for a new system to be developed internally, you may find that outsourcing both the technology and logistics process to a suitable 3PL will realize cost savings, while expediting the supply chain process. On the flip side, if your company fully understands the entire supply chain process and how it fits with your core competencies, you may already possess the in-house ability to optimize your SCM procedures. 6. Evaluate Your Companys Customs Compliance Readiness. With the implementation of the Customs Modernization Act, compliance assessments and audits became widely used as a tool to maximize compliance and provide uniformity. Regular assessment of import compliance processes and procedures require an evaluation of the overall effectiveness of the Customs Compliance Program, employee education and training programs, and operating procedures. If your company is unable to develop compliance and cost goals, formal policies, training programs, internal revenues and sup-
plier compliance programs, the selection of a suitable 3PL to provide the required skill sets to establish a process-based compliance function is critical. Ultimately, following an in-depth evaluation of the entire supply chain process, many companies find that including a mix of in-house and outsourced logistics functions may provide the best solution for them. In a global economy, where there is no set criterion for supply chain success, companies have to carefully analyze their requirements and determine what logistics processes are best suited to meeting their specific and unique global distribution needs. Cost is always important, but ultimately the success of any global supply chain management process relates back to client satisfaction as a means of achieving customer focus and growth in market share. John Fitzgerald is vice president of global sales & marketing for SEKO (www.sekoworldwide.com), a global third party logistics provider with 47 offices in the US and in more than 40 countries worldwide. It offers a full range of supply chain solutions, including transportation, international logistics and IT services.
The impact of High Fuel Prices on the Logistics Industry Conference

December 8th and 9th, Intercontinental Century Los Angeles Hotel, California
transport
More than 120 C-level and senior level executives from 3PLs, carriers, manufacturers, retailers and oil companies will gather to discuss how higher fuel prices affect your business and how you can achieve significant bottom line savings.
Topics such as how to overcome the challenges of fuel price volatility through: I optimising routing and supply chain management technologies, I negotiating better contracts, I establishing long term fuel pricing strategies, I proposing alternate energy options, I conceiving alternative ports and hubs and alternative service providers, and developing multi modal strategies, among many others. Already confirmed to speak are C-level executives at Estes-Express CHRobinson Greatwide CSX Transportation Transplace General Electric Raytheon Missiles Coors Honda Samsung Motorola ATC Logistics and Electronics Agility Kelron Genco among many others.
More information by going to http://events.eyefortransport.com/fuelprice or contacting Rodrigo Canete at rcanete@eyefortransport

www.eyefortransport.com/fuelprice
3PLs Recog
The second annual third-party logistics service awards presentation by eyefortransport recognized companies in seven categories that 3PL users nominated and voted best. Here are brief profiles of each of the companies recognized in the 2008 online poll.
DHL Exel
Retail
his is the second year in a row Exel has received recognition for its services. Last year it received two awards both for work in Pharma, Chemical and HazMat and in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods categories. This years recognition comes because leading companies around the world collaborate with Exels retail business on a number of core logistics services including warehousing, order fulfillment, transportation management, and delivery to stores and homes. As a single source provider, Exels customized supply chain solutions help retailers enhance their competitive position in the marketplace. Exels portfolio of services encompasses everything from supply chain strategy to network design and in-store logistics. Exel is a wholly owned entity of Deutsche Post World Net (DPWN), the worlds leading logistics group. In 1985, after being privatized by the government, the UK-based National Freight Consortium acquired several independent warehouse and transportation management companies in the US. The new company was re-branded Exel and the Americas headquarters was established in Westerville, OH in 1992. It prospered, expanding territorially as it grew its portfolio of solutions. In late 2005 it was purchased by DPWN and rebranded as DHL Exel Supply Chain. The 3PL provides integrated supply chain solutions around the world. Its North American contract logistics operations continue to operate under the Excel brand and it retains headquarters for the Americas in Westerville. Today, Exel Americas Contract Logistics generates $4.7 billion in annual revenue, operates 511 locations and employs more than 40,000 associates. The company offers comprehensive end-to-end supply chain solutions. For retail Exel is sensitive to requirements of demanding customers, hyper-competitive markets, the need for increased customization, and other retail challenges having major implica-
tions for logistics. Its offerings include analyzing, optimizing, and managing transportation, warehousing, and other retail logistics. It has significant infrastructure and operational presence in most global retail markets. Exels solutions extend beyond retail to a wide range of industries, including consumer, technology, life sciences, chemical, industrial and automotive. In this latter regard it has most recently expanded its relationship with US automaker Chrysler to provide dedicated delivery service to 270 Midwestern auto dealers. Exel will deliver Mopar parts to 270 Chrysler, Jeep and Dodge dealers in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan and Wisconsin from Chrysler LLCs Mopar Parts Distribution Center (PDC) in Naperville, IL. Exels centralized delivery service support team utilizes a suite of dedicated fleet technology solutionssuch as electronic proof-of-delivery, wireless communications and scheduling applicationsin addition to effective fleet management to drive efficiencies and optimize delivery routes. Exel now provides dedicated delivery services to 10 Mopar PDCs nine in the United States and one in Toluca, Mexico.
Logistics Management Solutions (LMS)

Industrial Supply Chain
on-asset based Logistics Management Solutions (LMS) was voted best North American third party logistics provider (3PL) for industrial supply chains. This is the second consecutive year the company has received the honor. To be named Best 3PL for the second consecutive year is a special honor, and we are grateful to have earned so many votes from 3PL users throughout the industry, said Dennis Schoemehl, president and CEO of LMS. The companys 12-year history began when it was formed out
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September 2008
nized for Excellence

of the logistics division of Monsanto. Among its offerings is a proprietary, Web-enabled transportation management solution that it says allows customers to cut transportation costs without a large investment or system commitment. Recently, the firm was selected to provide transportation management services and technology solutions to True Fitness. The St. Louis-based manufacturer of cardiovascular and flexibility products for residential and commercial use serves more than 250 dealer locations throughout North America. LMS uses its Web-native transportation management system TOTAL to handle freight destined for the dealer sites. An on-site logistician from LMS works from the manufacturers headquarters to plan, execute and track shipments. LMS conducts carrier negotiations and manages billing and freight claims for True Fitness. As we expand our business model, we need to partner with an experienced logistics provider that can support our growth without increasing our costs, notes Tim Haeffner, director of service for True Fitness. According to Haeffner, the LMS TOTAL system interfaces with the companys enterprise resource planning (ERP) system to secure and process orders. Authorized True Fitness personnel are able to track freight movements and access performance reports online. According to LMS, the TOTAL system can handle order management, shipment optimization, automated load planning, continuous move programs and collaborative networks. Its execution component does planning, load tendering, shipment verification, shipment tracking and tracing and customer/carrier communication. It will also manage compliance programs along with rate management and freight payment. In addition to its technology base, LMS offers two types of multi-shipper collaboration programs. These programs leverage the collective freight activities of high-volume customers, allowing individual users to reduce transportation costs, says LMS. Collaborative continuous movements transform separate truckload shipments from multiple shippers into efficient, multi-stop trips to reduce one-way movements, empty miles and high-cost minimum charges. Co-loading combines less-than-truckload shipments from multiple shippers into full truckloads to increase asset utilization and reduce freight costs. LMS runs shipment data of participating customers through its TOTALOptimization and TOTALCM systems to identify coloading and/or continuous-move opportunities. The system is programmed with freight compatibility and service parameters to ensure loads are matched safely and in compliance with customer specifications. Once the loads are matched, routes are configured. When shipment plans have been reviewed and approved, transportation planners tender the shipments and work with carriers to ensure proper execution. Savings are distributed proportionately to the participating customers. LMS leverages an annual freight spend of $550 million and works with more than 5,500 carriers. LMS is also a Responsible Care Partner. The Responsible Care program is the American Chemistry Councils (ACC) comprehensive environmental, health, safety and security (EHS&S) program wherein member and partner companies commit to advancing the safe and secure management of chemical products and processes.
UPS Supply Chain Solutions

Hi Tech & Electronics
oving product at high-speed is critical for manufacturers of high tech equipment. UPS Supply Chain Solutions (SCS) has proven industrial experience with computers and peripherals, consumer electronics, logistics, and international trade services. UPS SCSs global network and advanced IT systems are designed to deliver business solutions needed for time-definite delivery, distribution, inventory management, and in-facility and in-transit visibility. In addition it offers post-sales capabilities enabling customers to leverage its global distribution and field-stocking network to gain a competitive advantage in post-sales support of critical parts for high-tech equipment. The company can provide service parts logistics and field tech support to returns and repair management. Other vertical market areas in which UPS SCS offers solutions include automotives and industrial manufacturing, consumer goods, government and defense, healthcare and retail. For international movement of merchandise, the provider offers its Trade Direct solution to bypass distribution centers and move shipments directly to retail stores or final customers. Using the UPS global network, Trade Direct provides consolidation of international freight, air, ocean and ground transportation, customs clearance and direct delivery to multiple addresses within the destination country, all through a single source. With Trade Direct UPS picks up or receives shipments,
September 2008
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3PLs Recognized for Excellence Reco

consolidates them, transports them to the destination country, providing customs clearance, then deconsolidates into individual shipments, dropping them into either the UPS package or less-than-truckload (LTL) network and delivers them directly to customers. To support its Canadian operations, UPS is expanding its Burlington strategic logistics campus that serves as headquarters for SCS in Canada. Originally constructed as an 800,000-squarefoot two-building facility, it is now adding a 175,000-square-foot third distribution center. One of the two original buildings offers specialized healthcare freight services, with focus on the needs of the pharmaceutical and medical device industries that require compliance with governmental regulations and strict quality assurance. The new facility will support after-sales activities and critical parts inventory management for high value technology components and computer products. In discussing the expansion, Jan Macaulay, vice president of Business solutions for UPS SCS noted that the company, is focused on giving Canadian businesses a competitive edge, and the services offered by this expanded facility will increase the efficiency of our customers supply chains. For us, involvement at the local level will remain a key aspect of our operations, and we look forward to a long, healthy and prosperous future in Burlington. As part of overall UPS business, Supply Chain is a healthy contributor. In its most recent financial reporting, revenues for the segment increased 11%, year over year, and operating profits were up more than 50%. miles are decreased along with fewer detention hours. Transplace offerings include transportation management systems and solutions; load control center management; inbound order and supplier management; logistics optimization technology; logistics design and consulting services; single source freight management; and carrier capacity coverage through Transplace Brokerage. Recently the company launched Transplace Consulting, aimed at delivering comprehensive logistics engineering analysis, design and consulting to customers in manufacturing, distribution and retailing. The service focuses on identifying supply chain improvements in order to uncover areas where customers can reduce total transportation and inventory holding costs. Through utilization of best-in-class benchmarking information and sophisticated analysis tools Transplace Consulting seeks to provide customers with the technical expertise and direction to maximize efficiency without sacrificing service or performance. Discussing the value of Transplace Consulting, Matthew Harding, vice president of consulting for the company reflects that, We provide insights on customers complex supply chains in an evolving environment that has reached a new tipping point in terms of cost to serve and supply chain trade-offs. Transplace Consulting helps bring greater vision to the companys full suite of value opportunities for new and prospective customers. Importantly, continues Harding, we are held accountable for delivered value. Our procurement services have to work because we own the execution, and our supply chain analysis ultimately leads to Transportation Management Services configuration that drives daily value. Since we are a 3PL, service and cost-based auditing are a given in our business.
Transplace
Best Consumer Goods

n speaking of its advantages as a lead logistics provider Transplace puts it proprietary Dense Network Efficiency (DNE) platform to work. DNE integrates three critical elements for lowering logistics and supply chain costs. One, Transplace offers shippers freight and carrier capacity. Two, collaboration and visibility are enabled through Web-based system connectivity bringing together both shippers and carriers. Three, technology is brought into play to optimize transportation synergies that reduce costs and improve service. A non-asset based third-party supplier, Transplace is a Lean Six Sigma service company that emphasizes elimination of waste, simplification of processes and continuous improvement. Yearly, Transplace creates a carrier asset network to present an available large volume of shipment possibilities via truckload, intermodal and less-than-truckload. Through use of its optimization algorithms Transplace matches shipper freight with the best carrier for the load. For carriers loads are increased, empty
Schneider Logistics
Automotives
hile the award is for activities in the automotive vertical, Schneider Logistics offers a wide range of services for many industries. It is a subsidiary of privately held Schneider National, a premier provider of transportation and logistics services. The countrys largest truckload carrier, Schneider National is headquartered in Green Bay, WI, and has provided customers with expert transportation and logistics solutions for more than 70 years. A $3.4 billion company, it employs 22,000 transportation and logistics experts worldwide, including operations in North America, Europe and Asia. For its part, Schneider Logistics has made careful moves over the past three years to build its already strong services offerings. Since 2005 it has acquiredand has now fully integratedfour logistics companies that significantly enhance its international product offerings. The four are American Port Services, Powers
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September 2008
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3PLs Recognized for Excellence Reco

Transportation, American Overseas Logistics and BaoYun Logistics. Now as one company, claims Tom Escott, Schneider Logistics president, we present a single-source solution for our customers international supply chainsfrom a shipments critical first mile to its final destination. We have quietly become one of the largest providers of port dray and transloading services in the United States, a growing freight forwarder, and a leading transportation and distribution company in China. Schneider Logistics has substantial offerings in Canada, as well. Earlier this year it expanded its brokerage services there with the opening of a new regional logistics center (RLC) in Toronto. It was the first RLC outside the US. Domestic RLCs have been highly successful for Schneider Logistics within the US. The first of its RLCs was opened in Evanston, IL in 2005. Based on its success, more locations have been added at Atlanta, Dallas and Reno. The Evanston location has been moved to Chicago. Through the RLCs, shippers work with a single sales representative who matches their transportation needs with the best mode to fulfill their requirements, whether truckload, intermodal or less-than-truckload. In reflecting on these moves by Schneider Logistics, Mitch Weckop, the general manager of transportation, notes, Our regional logistics centers in the United States have had great success in becoming one-stop shops that connect our customers with any mode of transportation and effectively meet their transportation needs, whether they are focused on cost, transit time or both. Many of our US-based customers also ship in Canada, so adding an RLC in Toronto was a logical next step in helping provide them with top-quality service abroad. for our contribution to their success, said John Pattullo, CEO. Coming shortly after equally high-profile awards we have won in the UK and Italy for solutions in the publishing and telecom sectors, these prestigious distinctions show that CEVA has industry-leading capability to meet the growing demand for impeccable operational performance both in contract logistics and freight management. In the healthcare sector, Ceva notes its customers operate in a marketplace with heavy regulation, long process cycle times, sensitive transportation requirements, and other often unpredictable factors. The industrial sector involves the 3PL in markets that are shifting from a regional structure to an intricate, integrated process across continents. Supply chains are going global, production and assembly is being outsourced to emerging markets, such as China and India, and the pressure of shorter lead times is increasing. Delivery windows are tight, making the manufacturing of capital goods in todays market more complex than ever before, notes Ceva. The volatile chemical and energy markets make demands for global resources from air charters and ocean transport, to continuous supply chain operations. Ceva recently received the technology and innovation of the year award from the UK Warehousing Association. The company also recently reported a contract award from JAL Group, a maker of professional safety shoes. Ceva will manage JALs international logistics flows. The strategic challenge in this agreement, says Gianfranco Sgro, chairman of Ceva Southern Europe, Middle East and Africa, lies in the capacity to provide a real added value in terms of services and results while simultaneously having to tackle extremely complex situations within the logistics process. Ceva will employ a single platform to manage the collection and dispatching of raw materials in Rivoli, Turin province. Volumes indicate materials will arrive in 650 vehicles per year and another 331 will leave for Tunisia where JALs main produc tion facility is located. Finished product will be distributed from the Scarmagno, Ivrea hub. With sales of 174 million and 5,500 employees, JAL produces 10 million units of footwear per year. It has a 30% share of the entire European market. In the area of bulk cargo and freight, Ceva, in partnership with Brazilian BR-S Brasil Sistema Logistico, offers multi-modal and multi-cargo containers to transport steel, grains, solid bulks and other products. Initially targeted for the Brazil market, the service will expand to other Latin American nations. Ceva will manage container information and logistics flow from the customer to the final destination. We will use the entire network available in Brazil, said Ricardo Melchiori, logistics operations director. With cargo unification, we will perform better and reduce transit time, streamlining customer costs.
Ceva Logistics
Pharma, Chemical & HazMat and Fresh Food Supply Chains
A
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d o u b l e w i n n e r, C e v a Logistics is a multi-faceted logistics services company with over 1,000 locations in more than 100 countries. Its presence in the Americas includes 19,300 employees and more than 370 locations. The Americas region accounts for 32% of its total revenues. Ceva was formed in 2006 when Apollo Management acquired the logistics division of TNT. In mid-2007, Ceva merged with EGL Eagle Global Logistics. It recently completed the integration of its contract logistics and freight management units under regional management. We are delighted to be recognized by customers in the US
September 2008
TransComp & Intermodal Expo

Join us in Fort Lauderdale for the years most dynamic transportation industry event!
Greater Fort Lauderdale/Broward County Convention Center Fort Lauderdale, Florida
November 16-18, 2008
For more information contact: The National Industrial Transportation League

703-524-5011 [email protected] www.nitl.org
Intermodal Association of North America

866-438-3976 [email protected] www.intermodal.org
LIMITED EXHIBIT SPACE AVAILABLE!
Visit the web site, www.freightexpo.net, for additional information and an updated floor plan, or call E.J. Krause & Associates at (301) 493-5500.
The TransComp Exhibition and Intermodal Expo are held in cooperation with NITL's 101st Annual Meeting, IANA's Annual Membership Meeting, and TIA's Fall Meeting.
Action?
The request for proposal is a critical step in the process of outsourcing, dont short circuit results with an incomplete process.
By Perry A. Trunick
Ready For
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September 2008
ack of standards and poor or incomplete information plague the process of soliciting bids for outsourced logistics services.
You have to have a plan; you have to know what your objectives are, says Russ Marzen, executive vice president of warehousing and logistics for 3PD. Next, you need to research the tentative list of third party logistics providers (3PLs) and narrow it to five or six who could meet those objectives. But capacity is finite, adds Pete Montano, executive vice president sales Con-way Truckload. Logistics providers are receiving and responding to requests for proposal (RFPs) and bid packages constantly. He offers an example of four retailers submitting proposals at nearly the same time for similar volumes in nearly identical lanes. From his perspective, all of the RFPs were from good companies and they were complete. Any of the proposals would provide a nice piece of business, but he didnt have capacity for all four. He responded knowing hed likely be able to handle only the first bid that was awarded. We consider RFPs as opportunities, says Robert Almazan, director of pricing and solutions support for Exel Transportation Services. We see quite a few opportunities [RFPs] come through, he continues, and Id say a good RFP starts with an overview that details what the user is looking for. First, theres a general company overview, says Almazan. Some 3PLs described this as part of a broader document typically referred to as a request for information (RFI) that often preceded placing formal RFPs with suppliers. From a strategic point of view, what are the companys goals and objectives, asks Almazan. Sometimes the objectives include warehousing and sometimes its warehousing and transportation, explains Marzen. Not all 3PLs can provide both, so its important to specify if the response needs to be a single bid and if the 3PL can outsource a portion and bring it in as a single bid or whether those need to be separate proposals. Montano agrees that many transportation proposals come in the same way and may specify all of the moves must be on the carriers assets or allow a percentage to be subcontracted or brokered to other suppliers. Timing is also critically important. Well get an RFP for business thats going to start in 45 days, says Marzen. If theres a warehouse involved, it takes a good 30 days to negotiate a decent rate. As a respondent to an RFP you want to be as effective as ,
possible, agrees Almazan, and if theres a lot of detailed information there, youre going to ask questions. Many of the 3PLs agree that if there isnt time to get the answers, the 3PL will be forced to make assumptions, and those assumptions will be built into the price. If the time is spent up front in preparation of the RFP its going to minimize a lot of time after , the fact for the person thats sending it out, adds Almazan. So, the first step is to take a hard look in the mirror, says Chad Palmer, vice president of solution design for Transplace. Really do a readiness assessment and make sure youre prepared to go through the RFP process and make the move to hire a third party provider. He cautions that the decision will affect personnel and technology and it will have financial implications. Every stakeholder needs to be involved and understand their own perspective on the outsourcing decision and whether or not they are ready to act. Understand each stakeholders power in the process and what their preference would be in outsourcing, says Palmer. Its rare that theyre all aligned. Moving into the process itself, Palmer suggests each stakeholder develop goals and objectives. Be prepared to have some trade offs, he says. And be sure you really understand what is absolutely necessary in the relationship and what is just nice to have. Define what will make a successful partnership, he adds. And here, hes not just talking about the mechanics of operations, he includes culture and people. Once the two parties decide to move forward and engage, this is how we are going to handle problem resolution, establishing short-term and long-term goals and objectives. While ensuring the organizations are aligned on these qualitative issues, its critically important to have as much quality data and information about your network and about your business as possible, cautions Palmer. This is the area where some of the more significant gaps occur that lead to misunderstandings setting goals or measuring performance. Groups that dont have access to good data arent necessarily cut off from outsourcing. Where theres a clear need to get better data on how the network operates, some 3PLs will develop that information for a consulting fee or will establish a benchmarking period at the beginning of a contract that allows for collection and analysis of the data and discussions of appropriate solutions. Those solutions are then solidified into goals and performance measures can be established. RFPs have to ask questions in a format that provides for an apples-to-apples comparison of the answers, says Marzen. Outsourced Logistics September 2008 Outsourced Logistics | | September 2008
27 || 27
For warehousing, if you want a cost of pallet in/pallet out and a daily storage rate, thats how it should be stated. From that, the group developing the RFP needs to anticipate the questions the 3PL will ask when responding, continues Marzen. What is the average stay time? How many square feet do you need? If you set up an RFP thats generic, says Marzen, youll get generic answers. Youre not going to know any more than you did before. Along with those broad answers comes inexact pricing. A 3PL responding to an RFP that doesnt include enough detail will make assumptions
individuals involved, says Palmer. You know if a companys thinking about outsourcing, theyve already recognized theres a core competency it doesnt have. The same applies to the service provider. They cant be all things to everyone, continues Palmer. Buyers recognize and appreciate an up-front, honest approach to a multi-party relationship. There are times when this is not the case, and Con-ways Montano says he sees RFPs that do not permit subcontracting. Other RFPs recognize the need may be there and will set a limit either
parties work together to determine what information is most important and to improve certainty. If it sounds like the discussion circles around to the question, are you ready to send out an RFP that does seem to be a , recurring theme with 3PLs. The first question to ask is, is your organization ready to outsource? Have you included the stakeholders and determined their needs? Is everyone on board from operations to the executive level ? Next, do you have the data and is it reliable? Can you quantify what needs to be done and project ahead for the term
The first question to ask is, is your organization ready to outsource? Have you included the stakeholders and determined their needs? Is everyone on board from operations up to the executive level and function by function?
and build variance into the margin. The responses that come back can contain pricing that is off by an order of magnitude. Competitive bids will contain similar margin assumptions, so the net result is even the lowest bid is overpriced. Be specific in the requirements, continues Marzen. Is it live unload or drop and hook? Drop and hook will require trailer parking. Are the shipments coming by rail? Are there dray concerns? Who is responsible for dray? Leave room for creativity and ask the 3PL, possibly in a secondary section of the RFP, how they will reduce costs. If short timeframes are a problem for a 3PL to ramp up for the business, long or indefinite timeframes are equally troublesome. Too long and some of the underlying conditions could change. Real estate markets can shift, capacity can get tight, fuel or other costs can rise or fall. And, as Montano had pointed out, the 3PL could be awarded other contracts. Even where the RFP is not for a lead logistics provider, there may be cases for a three-party contract. Outline the accountability and expectations of all on the amount that can be subcontracted or on who can perform the function. Among common mistakes, Palmer says some companies jump too quickly into outsourcing before they know what they need. This process is a big investment of time and money, and certainly theres an opportunity cost if you do engage and decide to participate. For that reason, the buyers need to do their due diligence up front and be sure theyre ready to outsource. Montano agrees, noting that the 3PL that is doing its job will also be investing time and resources into its own due diligencenot only into the company submitting the RFP but also into its own ability to provide the service that is requested at the level required. Certainty is important, says Sean Devine, vice president of pricing and engineering for Con-way. The more certain the 3PL can be about what to expect from the relationship, the less cost they have to build into the proposal. Certainty helps both parties. We have to reserve in our pricing for things that were not sure of. Devine suggests both of the contract? Do you have the data in a consistent form, and can you provide it to a 3PL in a form that is accessible, useful and consistent? Is the response mechanism the 3PL will use compatible with the way the RFP will be issued? What are the goals and objectives you want to accomplish from the contract? Are they spelled out clearly? Have you started with an RFI to identify suitable partners? Or, have you provided sufficient information about your organization, its goals and its expectations to allow the 3PLs to self select whether to respond? Have you done your due diligence before sending out the RFP to ensure you are approaching providers who have suitable capabilities and meet core selection criteria? An RFI is a good starting point to screen prospects. The step between an RFI and an RFP can include a non-disclosure agreement. By general consensus, the RFP process is considered part of the negotiation, not a contract. It's a good idea not to try to shortcut the process by trying to make the RFP serve as a contract.
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Field Report
Questioning Six Sigma Effectiveness, Scale and Alternatives
Is there such a thing as

By Joe Froelich and Cristopher Del Angel
ix Sigma, LEAN and other similar disciplines of analysis and control have been utilized for decades. Ever since former GE CEO Jack Welch sang its praises in his 2001 book, the Six Sigma process in particular has been widely used by companies looking to streamline their operations and capitalize on opportunities. The process has undoubtedly helped improve the financial results of major corporations such as Toyota, ING and Volkswagen. Six Sigma is often touted as the hero of the organization or blamed as the goat, as evidenced by what transpired at 3M and Home Depot. Given the intensifying scrutiny on Six Sigma, we offer the following perspective on its effectiveness, scale and alternative approaches.
Introduction to Six Sigma

Six Sigma is a cyclical process utilized to identify issues and opportunities within an organization. Each step in the cyclical process is required to ensure the best possible results. This process is a progression from beginning to end. Six Sigma was first used on a wide scale by Motorola
Joe Froelich
Christopher Del Angel
Six Sigma
in the 1980s to improve quality through statistical measurements and benchmarking. The process entered the mainstream of public perception in the 1990s when CEO Jack Welch embraced it at General Electric. Since then, Six Sigma has experienced its share of success stories, as noted by the aforementioned companies, as well as its share of failures. Along the way, it has become a fixture in many corporate cultures. The Six Sigma process does not need to be regarded as a cumbersome undertaking. This process is comprised of five steps. Each step involves a series of actions to be completed before moving on to the next step. Six Sigma team members intimately know this process as DMAIC. Define the customer, their critical issues and the core processes involved with these issues. Also, project boundaries including the start, mapping of the process flow and stop of the process must be defined. Measure the performance of the core business process involved. This step involves data collection to determine defects and metrics in the processes. These results are then compared to results from customer surveys to determine shortfalls. Analyze the data collected and process map to identify gaps between current performance and ideal performance. This step also involves the prioritization of issues and opportunities for improvement and reasons for observed variations. Improve the target process by developing innovative solutions using technology and discipline to correct identified issues as well as prevent problems. Control the improvements by developing, documenting and implementing an ongoing plan to monitor changes and prevent employees from regressing back to their old way of conducting themselves.
Can Six Sigma be broken down?

Can this process be boiled down? Is there a Six Sigma Lite for mid-sized companies? Unfortunately, in our experience, there really is no plausible way to break off pieces of the Six Sigma process and successfully implement just a segment. Six Sigma itself is an integrated process from beginning to end. It would be virtually impossible to break it down and cherry pick only aspects of this process to implement and expect meaningful results. To achieve maximum results, this process must be carried out from beginning to end.
Field Report
On the other hand specific projects can be selected and be worked on, still the whole methodology has to be applied but it reduces the time and effort required to have a successful project, the downside to this is capturing benefits becomes a lengthy process. Implementing the Six Sigma methodology can be a very successful approach to process improvement. Many companies that have implemented Six Sigma have seen their product quality improve, their costs decrease and their efficiency level increase, directly impacting bot-
High profile Six Sigma failures
like Home Depot and 3M show that companies cannot focus on implementing Six Sigma in isolation.
tom-line profitability. However, many times this success becomes a short term phenomenon because companies fail to adequately consider all factors that impact the long-term sustainability of those improvements. This years windfall can easily become tomorrows failure. Also, the process doesnt take into account the most important aspect of corporate change, the human element.
How effective is Six Sigma, really?

Nearly 60% of all Six Sigma (6s) initiatives fail to yield the desired results, according to Praveen Gupta, a noted author on the methodology and Master Six Sigma Black Belt who has been involved with Six Sigma since its origin in the 1980s. Weve noted rising concern across multiple industry sectors regarding the failure of many internally led Six
Sigma/Lean projects. Gupta said. Echoing Guptas finding is QualPro, a Knoxville, TN-based consulting firm, who identified 58 publicly traded companies that announced broad Six Sigma programs. QualPro then compared the stock performance to the S & P 500 stock index for these companies since their announced launch date. What QualPro found was surprising; 91% of the Six Sigma companies exhibited stock performances below the S&P 500 index. 53 of the 58 companies underperformed, the remaining five exceeded the index. What can be deduced from this information? The majority of Six Sigma programs do not benefit a companys stock performance. H i g h p ro f i l e S i x Sigma failures like Home Depot and 3M show that companies cannot focus on implementing Six Sigma in isolation. These examples prove the need for human involvement in corporate change. Clearly, 6s is a set of process tools that should only be part of a more holistic process improvement strategy. Attention must also be paid to people, innovation and customer relationships. Many times the very aspects that make Six Sigma effective can reduce its overall effectiveness. It uses rigorous statistical analysis to produce data to identify defect areas, the correction of which produces better quality, lower costs and increased efficiency. A dollar value is usually assigned to the correction to illustrate to management how much money a particular change will save the company. While very effective at controlling processes, it is those elements that are harder for Six Sigma to control, such
as employee behavior and innovation, which can hinder the long-term success for companies.
Behavioral Approach as an alternative

Mid-sized and larger companies looking for an alternative to Six Sigma or LEAN may be best served to by a concentrated focus on the human element of the company. By using a behavioral approach to change, management can enjoy many of the same benefits without the outlay in capital sometimes associated with Six Sigma projects. The behavioral approach focuses on optimization of existing human assets rather than capital investment in new hardware, software, and other equipment sometimes necessary to implement many Six Sigma recommendations. One recent example noted that when a company applied this behavioral approach to their processes, 85% of the issues and opportunities that surfaced were either eerily similar to, or exactly the same as the findings of the Six Sigma team independently working on the same issues at the same company. This team was comprised of Six Sigma Green Belts, Yellow Belts, Black Belts and Master Black Belts.
What is the Behavioral Approach?

The behavioral approach only involves three core disciplines: Process Improvements: The thorough review and re-design of existing business processes for production, supply chain, sales, cost control and capital expenditures to deliver measurable improvements in effectiveness and efficiency. Training and Coaching: Work with, educate, train and communicate with client employees at all levels to provide
solutions that align thinking and behavior in support of the re-designed or newly-created processes. This is critical to facilitate sustainable change. Management Operating Systems: The development of specific, focused, easily understood, high-impact benchmarks to monitor performance and to identify areas which require managerial attention.
Can the Behavioral Approach co-exist with Six Sigma?

Yes. In fact, this complimentary coexistence may be an executives best option. Few doubt the effectiveness of incorporating both the Six Sigma and behavioral approaches simultaneously to enjoy the strongest benefit to the bottom line. However, when effecting change in the corporate culture by focusing on employees (the human factor) in the process, you are more likely to enjoy significant benefits without large capital investments. The only way to enjoy a sustained change in business practices is to modify the behavior of the employees as well as putting a system and coaching in place to ensure that no one reverts to old bad habits. When an organization decides to make any significant change to its internal processes, just the initial talk of the intended change can be unsettling to a workforce comfortable in its current routine. The situation is exacerbated if management fails to communicate its reasons for wanting to implement the change and fails to demonstrate strong, visible support for it.
Effectiveness depends on behavioral change

Change agents must be mindful of one key ingredient in managing people:
changes in processes or procedures are sustained only when changes in behavior occur. As a rule, people are going to be resistant to change because they are currently operating within a comfort zone. They are going to wonder why there is something wrong with the way they perform, especially if they are working within parameters set forth in their initial training. People who are asked to implement change first need to understand why a specific change is needed and that they can make a difference within their areas of influence. Experiences in the field indicate that most managers come up short in their approach to the behavioral elements of change. For example, while it might be clear what type of process change in a mining operation, manufacturing line or warehouse is needed, the results of that change hinge on whether behavior is modified permanently, rather than on whether the change has precisely incorporated the technical requirements. This change in policy might directly affect the bottom line, increase the life of an expensive piece of equipment or possibly be the difference between life and death. If properly informed in the rationale behind the change, employees directly affected will be more prone to adopt and implement this change for the long term. In order for effective sustained change to occur, people must be brought in from the onset of the project. Their input from being on the job for years is just asif not moreimportant, than what the statistics say. There is an old African saying: When you hire a pair of hands, you
get a brain for free. Allowing employees active input provides them with a feeling of involvement and a sense of ownership of these eventful changes.
Conclusion
While Six Sigma focuses on the technical identification and solving of issues, it often fails to sufficiently take into account the human factor. While
People who are asked to implement change first need to understand why a specific change is needed and that they can make a difference within their areas of influence.
focusing on behavioral change requires fewer potential large capital expenditures, what management must invest in are time, empathy, training, coaching and follow-up. In return, management can enjoy many of the same financial and operating benefits by implementing a behavioral approach. Is there a Six Sigma Lite version? There is no shortcut around the Six Sigma process if a company chooses that route. However, by utilizing the behavioral approach to implement change in the corporate culture, management can indeed enjoy many of the same benefits that Six Sigma provides with a lower capital outlay. These changes also have a better chance of long term sustainability. Joe Froelich is Market Researcher and Christopher Del Angel, Project Manager, at Proudfoot Consulting, www.proudfootconsulting.com.
Logistics Services
Air Cargo Where
Does It Go from Here?

Faced with challenged economies, crippling costs for fuel, environmental and security constraints, the worlds airlines are looking at dark days ahead.
By Roger Morton
ast year seems placid when compared to the situation this year for the worlds air cargo carriers. Though projections are that business will improve in the long term, that time may not come soon enough to save some from going out of business. A case in point is Dulles, VA-based Gemini Air Cargo that ceased all operations in mid-August. The carrier had offered airport-to-airport capacity for cargo customers and filled some freight lift needs for other airlines, such as Lufthansa, FedEx, British Airways and others. It had spent two separate stints in Bankruptcy court within the past two years. Unable to find a buyer it began liquidation proceedings. Looking at the present landscape, Giovani Bisignani, director general and CEO of the International Air Transport Association (IATA), observed that airlines are experiencing a perfect storm of uncontrollable fuel costs and falling demand. Airlines could lose as much as US$6.1 billion this year, he claims. Already some 25 airlines in our financial systems have gone bustgreater than immediately following 9/11and we are bracing for more. Despite some relief in the oil price, we are a fragile industry that is in a crisis. Wait-and-see is not an option. Major changes are needed. As the statistics here indicate, last year saw the beginning of a slowdown in the movement of cargo by air. A few airlines in what had been strong growth markets began to show the influence of a slowing international economy and growing costs for fuel. That said according to IATA all airlinesincluding both passenger and freight incomeenjoyed a profit of US$5.6 billion in 2007. If current statistics are indicators and will hold for the balance of the year, freight volumes will decline. Through June, according to IATA, international freight traffic fell by 0.8%, which is noteworthy in that it is the first decline since May 2005. African airlines were off -1/9% in June 2008, compared to 2007. Asian/Pacific airlines saw June traffic fall, at -4.8%. Hardest hit in June were Latin American carriers who experienced a -12.7% decline. While European airlines freight had grown 1.4% in May that slipped to just 0.7% in June. North American freight grew 4.0% in June, down from Mays 4.6% growth. With consumer and business confidence falling and sky-high oil prices, the situation will get a lot worse, predicts Bisignani.
The Worlds Top 25 Cargo Airlines 2007

Rank Airline FTKs (mil.) 1 FedEx 15,985 2 Air France KLM 11,365 3 UPS Airlines 9,930 4 Korean Air 9,678 5 Lufthansa 8,451 6 Singapore Airlines 8,029 7 Cathay Pacific 7,340 8 China Airlines 6,299 9 Cargolux 5,512 10 Atlas Air 5,387 11 British Airways 4,891 12 EVA Air 4,784 13 JAL Group 4,773 14 Air China 3,686 15 Asiana Airlines 3,558 16 American Airlines 3,108 17 Northwest Airlines 3,018 18 United Airlines 2,937 19 LAN Airlines 2,702 20 Malaysia Airlines 2,633 21 China Eastern 2,614 22 Qantas 2,561 23 Thai Airways Intl 2,456 24 Kalitta Air 1,982 25 China Southern 1,973
Source: Air Transport World
The Worlds Largest Air Cargo Carriers
Boeing is Bullish on the Future
By region, here are the top carriers of air freight for 2007. These are composite figures, including freight that moved in the bellies of passenger planes and in dedicated freight aircraft. An FTK (freight tonne kilometer) is 1 tonne of cargo carried 1 kilometer. It is a worldwide standard of measure for the amount of freight traffic moved. Changes shown in percentages are those of 2007 compared to 2006. Outsourced Logistics is indebted to its sister publication, Air Transport World, for sharing the data for this report. Airline FTKs % Change (millions) 2007/2006 Africa/Middle East Qatar Airways 1,328 46.7 Saudi Arabian Airlines 1,238 15.3 South African Airways 937 -23.7 El Al 897 - 0.8 Gulf Air 598 -25.6 Asia/Pacific Korean Air Singapore Airlines Cathay Pacific China Airlines EVA Air Europe Air France/KLM Lufthansa Cargolux British Airways Alitalia
In its most recent long range forecast, Boeing Co. projects the global air cargo market to enjoy strong long-term growth. Over the next 20 years the aircraft manufacturer says the industry will grow at an annual rate of 5.8% and the worlds freighter fleet will grow from the present 1,948 planes to 3,892. The forecast is based on a number of factors, most significantly economic growth in diverse areas of the world, claims Jim Edgar, regional director, Boeings Cargo Marketing for Asia. Over the long-term, global economic growth will drive demand for new, high-value products as well as seasonal perishables that people have become accustomed to enjoying. Impetus leading to orders for new equipment include needs for more efficient and reliable planes. Environmental concerns for regulation of aircraft emissions and noise have added to ongoing problems that come with normal aging of equipment. Most additions to the worlds cargo fleet will be widebody freighters that are projected to comprise 60% of the additions. Large freighters presently are 61% of the current fleet and are expected by Boeing to be 65% of the 2007 fleet. We expect several trends to continue, notes Edgar. Dedicated freighters will continue to provide an increasing proportion of air cargo capacity, going to nearly 54%; and the industry will continue to move to larger airplanes. Additionally, freighters will continue to comprise about 10% of the world jetliner fleet during the forecast period. Freighter Fleet to Double With a Shift Toward Larger Freighters
Large (>80 tonnes) Medium widebody (40-80 tonnes) Standard-body (<45 tonnes)
9,678 8,029 7,340 6,299 4,784
9.3 - 1.0 3.4 0.1 - 7.2
2027
2007
26% 39%
35%
35%
11,365 8,451 5,512 4,891 1,707
3.4 4.3 4.6 4.2 15.9
35%
30% 3,890 Freighters
1,950 Freighters
Latin America/Caribbean LAN Airlines 2,702 Varig Log 695 LanChile Cargo 623 Aeromexico 156 Avianca 142 North America FedEx UPS Airlines Atlas Air American Airlines Northwest Airlines
4.8 29.5 25.8 19.8 16.5
Future Freight Deliveries, New and Converted 2008-2027

Standard-body (<45 tonnes) Medium widebody (40-80 tonnes) Large (>80 tonnes) Large 1,100 total
Standard-body 1,340 total
640 new 1,330 converted 10 new
15,985 9,930 5,387 3,108 3,018
4.0 8.5 -2.2 -4.6 -8.9
460 converted 210 new
Medium Widebody 920 total
Total 3,360 Units (2,500 Converted, 860 New)
710 converted
Source: Boeing Co.
September 2008
| 35
Logistics Services
New FedEx Plane Boosts Capacity, Adds Regional Reach
FedEx Express has begun adding larger Boeing 757 freighters to its fleet. The first to arrive has been put to use on a new eight times a week cargo service operating between Memphis International Airport and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. FedEx Express president and CEO, David J. Bronczek, notes that, The introduction of the 757 freighter to our fleet of aircraft, one of the largest in the world, is a significant milestone for FedEx. This new service immediately expands our reach and capacity in the midAtlantic region and enhances the access our customers have in the global marketplace. As the FedEx fleets Boeing 727 aircraft are retired, 11 of the more fuel efficient 757s will be phased into service to replace them over the next year. The newer planes fly with reduced noise levels. The carrier notes that the new aircraft has significantly improved fuel-burn efficiencies, cutting greenhouse gas emissions and reducing fuel consumption up to 36% while providing 20% more capacity per flight when compared to the Boeing 727 it replaces. Beginning next year, FedEx Freight will add the Boeing 777. The plane has greater payload capacity while using 18% less fuel than planes currently in the fleet.
Rails Ask Shippers to Share Risk

Calling the safety of the American public of paramount importance, the Association of American Railroads (AAR) asked the Surface Transportation Board (STB) to adopt a policy statement that would allow railroads to require shippers of toxic inhalation hazard (TIH) cargos to indemnify the carrier for any liability of exposure resulting from the release of TIH materials. National Industrial Transportation League (NITL) President Bruce Carlton rejected the proposal pointing out the STB lacks the authority to issue such a policy statement and that the US Congress recently expanded railroad liability for negligence by clarifying that state tort laws were not preempted by the Federal Rail Safety Act. The AAR position states, The nations freight railroads today [July 22, 2008] urged the countrys shippers of highly hazardous materials or toxic inhalation hazards (TIH) to become full partners with the railroads in safely transporting those dangerous commodities. Nothing is more important than the safety of our employees and the communities through which we operate, said Edward R. Hamberger, president and CEO of the Association of American Railroads. He was speaking during a hearing at the Surface Transportation Board (STB) on the railroad industrys common carrier obligation as it relates to hazardous materials. Its only reasonable that those who make extremely hazardous materials demonstrate that they also have the same public safety commitment. The railroad industry, Hamberger emphasized, is not seeking to eliminate its common carrier obligation with respect to TIH at this time. Rail is the safest and most secure mode of transporting TIH, many of which play an important role in the national economy. However, if there is a public interest need for the railroads to be compelled to carry TIH materials, there is a corresponding public interest imperative for the industry to do what is necessary to best ensure the publics safety. Hamberger said freight railroads are doing their part to ensure that highly hazardous chemicals are delivered safely, but asked the STB to recognize that given the unique risks involved in transporting these dangerous chemicals, that shippers share those risks with the railroads and share the effort to find ways to eliminate those risks entirely. AAR testified before the STB that freight railroads remain willing to assume the risks that are normally associated with railroad transport of any commodity. For the Class I railroads, the AAR suggested that amount would be at least $500 million. However, AAR said the STB should find it reasonable for shippers of highly toxic materials to share the risk, and indemnify the railroads beyond that level, due to the unique risks associated with those commodities. Railroads spend billions of dollars every year to ensure the safety of our rail network, Hamberger noted, including what is necessary for the transport of TIH materials, which account for 100,000 carloads out of 32 million, or just three-tenths of one percent of total rail volume. We train thousands of local emergency responders and have implemented special operating procedures on trains carrying TIH. Its only right that those who make and ship these dangerous chemicals both share in the risks we face to transport their hazardous materials and have the same incentive to eliminate those risks.
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Community Voice
The Anatomy of Supply Chain Technology
By Leon Turetsky
oday, there is much talk about global supply chains and the need to source overseas to remain competitive in the marketplace. With the transition to manufacturing around the world, companies have had to become import and export experts, explore preferential trade agreements, calculate landed costs, rely upon instruments such as letters of credit and drawbacks, and comply with ever more complicated security regulations that guard against individuals and countries with links to terrorism gaining access to information and products that could jeopardize the security of the US. Goods must be classified, screens against denied party lists must be performed, and the need for an export license must be determined and so on. Supply chain technology has emerged as an automated means to comply with regulations, generate all the documentation they demand and give companies global product visibility so they know exactly where their goods are at every point along their journey to the marketplace. To many the term supply chain technology is a foreign concept. How is it different from other applications on the market? What is it designed to do? Is it just another form of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software? What should be looked for in the solutions being considered by the executive who must purchase supply chain technology for the firm? The questions can be endless and overwhelming. This article dissects supply chain technology into its primary elements and explicates their purposes. In this way, executives charged with exploring the wealth of supply chain technology available on the market today can institute an informed technology search, armed with required basic insights. The
discussion presents the essential features that comprise the minimal acceptable functionality a firms needs and stratifies them by purpose. It also offers some additional considerations executives need to contemplate when seeking to enhance their firms operations by automating import and export functions with global trade management technology.
Supply Chain Constituents

The global supply chain can be roughly divided into two constituent elements: compliance and execution. This division is intellectual at best, as interdependencies between the two are undeniable and far ranging. Yet distinctions do exist, prompting technology developers to implement separate functionality for each element within their products. This principle of technology design acknowledges that firms operating in todays global marketplace must achieve good grades along both continua in order to be successful. Otherwise, excessive charges and delays, which add yet another layer of financial cost and erode the profit that overseas manufacturing sought to assure, will accrue to enterprises.
Compliance
Interestingly, compliance is often viewed as the lesser portion of the supply chain. However, it can account for a disproportionate number of unexpected or unanticipated problems. These difficulties arise from ever-changing rules and regulations instituted by government and financial entities, not to mention standards imposed by trade organizations and specific industries. Simply stated, the Outsourced Logistics
Logistics Services
multi-national nature of global manufacturing and distribution exacerbates a companys efforts to be compliant. Three problems dominate the issue of supply chain compliance (SCC): volume, complexity and instability. Given their overriding influence, it truly is impossible to manage SCC without a computerized solution. Some may argue that supply chain participants (SCPs) can be held responsible for proper implementation and execution of their portion of SCC. But, as is the case with too many independent generals, there must be a single point of command or confusion will predominate. Fortunately, the point of ultimate responsibility is easily identifiable: importers or exporters (depending on the direction of trade). Why? They alone hold the burden of legal proof, and they alone hold the obligation to pay the financial price of missteps. Therefore, importers and exporters must analyze, manage, control and troubleshoot their global supply chains end-to-end. To do so effectively they need appropriate tools, content and a knowledge base. It is here that an automated Global Trade Management (GTM) system can provide the invaluable competitive advantage that can lead to their companys success. One Size Doesnt Fit All Not all GTMs fit all SCPs. Many factors affect the suitability of a particular GTM system for a specific SCP . Nevertheless, several features approach the realm of must haves: 1. A centralized database. The database serves as a data warehouse for all information provided by and
distributed to SCPs. To establish efficient and reliable compliance procedures importers and exporters must possess the ability to pre-classify products, pre-screen SCPs, determine supporting documentation requirements, store documents in house and use built-in analytical capabilities. 2. Control over information. Security, integrity and availability are critical when it comes to supply chain information. Provisions must be made to prevent redundant data, and trading partners should only be able to access information relevant to their specific activities. The Internet provides a perfect vehicle for SCPs to enter information remotely while affording companies the ability to limit their access to the full range of warehoused data. 3 . C o mplete au tom atio n. Companies deal with massive quantities of data; quantity can originate from both the number of transactions and the size of individual transactions. To handle volumes of data, there must be seamless connections between functional modules and integration with ERP systems. Perhaps most important of all, the GTM system must allow the importer or exporter to manage trade by exception; that is, a user action should only be required when an item falls outside the parameters they set within the system. GTM systems must be able to reconcile commercial invoices against purchase orders in terms of prices and quantities; automatically create letters of credit (LCs) and associated amendments; automatically verify LC or Open Account conditions and ensure regulation compliance before releasing payment or accepting goods; automat-
ically screen against denied party lists; and verify license determinations, among other basic capabilities. 4. Approved links to government and regulatory agencies. Only a certified automated broker interface (ABI), which links the system electronically to US Customs, or similar mechanism, guarantees the input of reliable, up-to-date compliance content within the GTM system. 5. Rich compliance content. To perform complex compliance verifications, identify preferential treatment programs, and prepare and submit required documentation in a timely manner, the GTM must possess the full range of timely compliance material. Execution The execution portion of the global supply chain is notoriously prone to mishaps. Coordinating multiple SCPs across diverse cultures and distant locales adds to the unpredictability and difficulty level. Key factors that contribute to execution problems are incompatible or outdated systems and the extent to which SCPs are allowed to control their own business processes. One Point of Control The more centralization importers and exporters can achieve, the more control they can exercise. The best way to achieve centralization is via a functionally integrated supply chainwide system with the following essential features: 1. Diverse, integrated modules with rich functionality. Ideally, the GTM system should possess a separate module to perform each different function across the supply chain con-
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tinuum from start to finish. These different modules should allow importers and exporters to not only source products and issue purchase orders but also manufacture, export, transport, import and distribute goods. At a minimum, financial, procurement, logistics, inventory, global visibility, exporting and importing modules are necessary. 2. Predefined integration points. Given the heterogeneous interfaces a GTM system must accommodate, flexibility is paramount. The system must possess multiple, predefined integration points in and out of the system to accommodate the many integration formats inherent in EDI/EDIFACT/ XML and a host of other proprietary solutions. 3. Automated links. Links enable electronic communication among SCPs as well as between SCPs and government agencies (such as Customs and the Census Bureau), brokers, carriers, banks, freight forwarders and so on. Automated links facilitate communication and allow validation of all business processes. 4. Shared information. Sharing product databases, participant profiles and templates, augmented by simplified data entry and collection procedures, reduces data redundancy and increases integrity of the information. 5. Global visibility module. This tool is the most important of all, giving users the ability to predict supply chain bottlenecks and solve them before unwanted delays occur, which often translate into increased costs. The Overall Solution An automated solution brings together not only compliance and execution but also helps the importer or exporter tighten all other supply chain links. At the same time, the visibility of the Web adds clarity in todays increasingly fast-paced trade environment. An automated solutions method of delivery is less important. However, owning the GTM system offers better integration and automation capabilities. It also is less costly over the long run, especially when the volume of transactions a company performs is great. On the other hand, ASP and SaaS solutions offer lower start-up costs and eliminate everyday system support issues such as backup and server hardware maintenance. These offerings can be a source of concern should the vendor go out of business, however, as the question of what your company will do without access to a system thats become a core component of your company, not to mention the repository of all your data, becomes primary. There is no substitute for a quality GTM system. It alone has the power to provide importers and exporters the competitive advantage they need in todays global marketplace, if the anatomy is right. Leon Turetsky is Chief Executive Officer of QuestaWeb, Inc. (www. questaweb.com), a provider of Web-based global trade and logistics management solutions. He possesses extensive executive, product management and data processing expertise and has designed and implemented automated systems for major corporations in the transportation, banking and brokerage industries. He can be reached at (908) 233-2300 or [email protected]. Pg. COV4 5 3 29 19 15 25 COV3 9 21 COV2 17 Company/Website CEVA Logistics Con-way Freight www.oceanguaranteed.com/4 CRST www.crstvanex.com Dodge dodge.com/chassis_cab Fuel Price Logistics www.eyefortransport.com/fuelprice Kenco Group, Inc. kencogroup.com NITLeague www.nitl.org Old Dominion Freight Line Inc www.odfl.com Raymond Corp. www.ramondcorp.com Ryder www.ryder.com Transplace www.transplace.com Verizon Wireless verizonwireless.com/pushtotalk
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MATERIALS MANAGEMENT Nationwide Executive Search Warehouse Management-Logistics Transportation-Distribution-Traffic Degreed only-All levels of experience; fees/ relocation paid; resume to: Emery J. Zobro, CPC, The John Michael Personnel Group, Inc., P. O. Box 4437, Chattanooga, TN 37405 423-756-6544 Fax: 423-266-5334
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September 2008
| 39
3PL File
Company Name: Expeditors International of Washington, Inc. Ownership: Public Stock Symbol: EXPD US Headquarters: 1015 Third Avenue Seattle, WA 98104 206-674-3400 Website URL: www.expeditors.com Foreign Locations/ Markets Served: 226 locations worldwide.The company operates through a worldwide network of owned offices and exclusive or semi-exclusive agents Key Personnel: Peter J. Rose, Chairman and CEO R. Jordan Gates, President, COO, Acting CFO, Treasurer Year Founded: 1979 Number of Employees: 10,000 worldwide.
Mission Statement: To set the standard for excellence in global logistics through total commitment to quality in people and customer service, with superior financial results. To be the recognized industry leader, through total commitment to customer service, by maintaining its uncompromising integrity, in the support and development of its People, Communications and Systems in sustained growth and profitability. Capabilities: Expeditors specializes in providing flexible logistics capabilities that start from the planning stage, and go all the way to the delivery of customer goods. The company listens to customer unique business needs and can jump into whichever part of the logistics supply chain the need exists. Financial Rating/Stability: $3.9 Billion with net earnings of $304 million. Technology Advantages: Expeditors views technology and systems development as a core business strategy and strength. It centrally develops and maintains its systems rather than purchasing or outsourcing these vital functions. It has one of the largest and most sophisticated international communications and data collection systems in the industry. Modes of Transportation Utilized: The company generates its revenue from three principal sources: airfreight, ocean freight and customs and brokerage services. The company also provides additional services for its customers, including value added distribution, purchase order management, vendor consolidation, customs clearance, marine insurance and other value added international logistics services. How It Differentiates ltself: As a non-asset based company, Expeditors is able to give clients several options for freight management. Investments are made in people and systems. Through organic growth, not acquisition, it provides clients and employees peace of mind knowing day to day business wont be disrupted by merger pains; its systems integrity is kept intact, not disrupted by companies whose business was founded on a different platform. Our customers are most interested in the quality and consistency of service we provide regardless of the country in which theyre doing business. Expeditors feels its global, balanced and integrated systems provide a competitive advantage within its industry. Its senior management has been instrumental in the development and direction of the company s systems strategy and strives to ensure that its systems add value to both employees and customers.
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A Penton Media Publication

Get the RFP right before you outsource

Freight Doesn't Vote

Perry A. Trunick, chief editor, [email protected]

3PL File Expeditors International of Washington, Inc.

Editorial Freight Doesn't Vote Classifieds Advertiser Index

2 | September 2008 | Outsourced Logistics

1300 E. 9th Street Cleveland, OH 44114-1503 216.696.7000 216.696.2737 fax www.outsourced-logistics.com

Have you heard?

249 W. 17th St., New York, N.Y., 10011 212-204-4200

4 | September 2008 | Outsourced Logistics

SUPPLY CHAIN INNOVATION AWARD FINALIST

70% LESS THAN AIR.

Vulnerable Infrastructure Equals

News Briefs September 08

ProLogis To Develop Hungary Facility

Averitts New Asian Service Promises Faster Transit Times

DP World and ZIM Ports Buy Spanish Container Terminal

8 | September 2008 | Outsourced Logistics

Raymond delivers. Depend on it.

News Briefs September 08

Corpus Christi To Add Venezuela Service

Shenzhen New Site For UPS Hub

10 | September 2008 | Outsourced Logistics

A single letter spurred action on an issue important to international supply chains.

Joel Anderson is IWLA President and CEO.

12 | September 2008 | Outsourced Logistics

News Briefs September 08

Why the Post Office Lost $1.13 Billion

US Mandates Automated Export Filing

Too Many Big Ships May Mean Excess Capacity

14 | September 2008 | Outsourced Logistics

News Briefs September 08

Customs Brokers File Tariff Exemption

Working Together to Speed Mexican Border Crossings

LAN Cargo to Open New Operations in Colombia

Dont Push Your Luck With Your Push To Talk.

The impact of High Fuel Prices on the Logistics Industry Conference

More information by going to http://events.eyefortransport.com/fuelprice or contacting Rodrigo Canete at rcanete@eyefortransport

Logistics Management Solutions (LMS)

nized for Excellence

UPS Supply Chain Solutions

3PLs Recognized for Excellence Reco

Best Consumer Goods

Well Customize A Supply Chain Solution For It

2008 Ryder System, Inc. All rights reserved.

3PLs Recognized for Excellence Reco

Pharma, Chemical & HazMat and Fresh Food Supply Chains

TransComp & Intermodal Expo

November 16-18, 2008

For more information contact: The National Industrial Transportation League

Intermodal Association of North America

LIMITED EXHIBIT SPACE AVAILABLE!

28 | September 2008 | Outsourced Logistics

AS CLOSE TO INDESTRUCTIBLE AS THEY COME.

Questioning Six Sigma Effectiveness, Scale and Alternatives

Is there such a thing as

Introduction to Six Sigma

Christopher Del Angel

30 | September 2008 | Outsourced Logistics