The French Revolution Notes
The French Revolution Notes
The French Revolution Notes
Introduction:
The revolution of France began on 14 July 1789 with the storming of the fortress prison, The Bastille. It was suspected to find hoarded ammunition (quantity of
bullets and shells). The Bastille is a fortress prison hated by everybody because it stood for despotic power of king. The fortress was demolished. The beginning
of chain of events started by middle class affected and shaken lower class and led the execution of king in France followed by revolt against monarchy. This
revolution put up the ideas of liberty, fraternity and equality.
Causes of French Revolution:
i. Social cause (French society during late 18TH century)
i. The society was divided into 3 estates:
i. The members of first 2 estates i.e., Clergy and Nobility enjoy certain privileges by birth. They are exempted from paying taxes to the state. Nobles also enjoy
feudal privileges which include feudal dues extracted from peasants.
ii. The church extracts its share of taxes called Tithes from peasants. A direct tax Taille and a no. of indirect taxes are levied on everyday consumption articles
like salt and tobacco.
ii. Economic cause (The struggle to survive)
i. The population of France increase from 23 million to 28 million in 1789 which led to increment in demand for food grains.
ii. Most workers were employed as labourers in workshops with fixed wages but the wages did not keep pace with rise in prices of food grains.
iii. This led to Subsistence crisis (extreme scarcity of basic means of livelihood) in France due to old regime.
iii. Political cause:
iv. In 1774, Louis XVI becomes the king of France and faces empty treasury due to long years of war which drained financial resources and discontent within
the society was increasing.
v. He helped 13 American colonies to gain their independence from the common enemy, Britain. This war added more than 3 billion livres for which the
moneylenders began to charge 10% interest on loans.
vi. To meet its regular expenses, such as the cost of maintaining an army, the court, running government offices or universities, the state was forced to
increased taxes.
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Legacy of French Revolution
i. The ideas of liberty and democratic rights were the most important legacy of French revolution. These spread from France to the rest of Europe during 19th
century, where feudal system was abolished.
ii. Colonized people reworked the idea of freedom from bandage into their movements to create a sovereign nation state.
iii. Tipu sultan and Raja Ram Mohan Roy are 2 examples of individuals who responded to the ideas coming from revolutionary France.
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