Agt-Usb 72 24-1

AGT-‐MTM-‐72
ATR 72 100/ 200 T1 & T2 Course
© AGT- ALL RIGHTS RESERVED- FOR TRAINING ONLY

PW 120 Engine
ATA Chapter 24: ELECTRIC POWER

Revision 1-‐ JAN 17
AGT- Aero Ground Training

Pépinière d’entreprises
Parc d’innovation de Mescoat
29800 Landerneau
France
[email protected]
www.agt.aero
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY
NOTICE
The material contained in this training manual is based on information obtained from
the aircraft manufacturer’s Aircraft Operating Manual and Maintenance Training
Manual. This manual is to be used for familiarization and training purposes only.
At the time of printing it contained then- current information. In the event of conflict
between data provided herein and that in publication issued by the manufacturer or the
EASA/ FAA, that of the manufacturer or the EASA/ FAA shall take precedence.
We, at AGT S.A.S want you to have the best training possible. We welcome any
suggestions you might have improving this manual or any other aspect of our training
program.
MAINTENANCE TRAINING MANUAL ATR 72 100/ 200
T1 & T2 CONTENTS
General info: P4

DC System: p7
Hall Effect Sensor: p18
Generator Control Unit p 20
Feeder Overheat ProtecXon p28
BPCU p33
DC service & HDLG bus p49
Ba\ery p56
TRU p70
AC System: p77
ACW system: p89
EFFECTIVITY FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY PAGE N°3

ALL Document: AGT-‐MTM-‐72 24 REV 1. JAN 2017
T1 & T2 GENERAL

T1 & T2 GENERAL
Genera;on
Electrical power necessary aboard the aircra` is given by two engine-‐driven DC starter/generators and two AC wild
frequency (ACW) three-‐phase generators driven by the reducXon gear-‐box of the engine-‐propeller.
In addiXon two staXc inverters, supplied by the DC main buses, give AC constant frequency (AC) power and two
ba\eries, give power in flight, to the criXcal load, when all main DC sources are lost. Main ba\ery is also used for
engine starXng. The aircra` has two external receptacles to allow an electrical supply, on ground, using DC and AC
ground power units.

The aircra` electrical network comprises :
-‐ 28VDC from starter/generators ;
-‐ 115/200VAC WF (341-‐488 Hz) three-‐phase from ACW generators ;
-‐ 115VAC CF (400 Hz) single-‐phase from staXc inverters ;
-‐ 26VAC CF (400 Hz) single-‐phase from staXc inverters ;
-‐ 24DC from ba\eries.
Each DC starter/generator and ACW generator is associated with a Generator Control Unit (GCU), connecXng it to
its related channel and providing protecXon and fault detecXon. Two Bus Power Control Units (BPCU),one
connected to the DC GCU's and the other one connected to the ACW GCU's control main buses-‐Xe, load shedding
and external power.

T1 & T2 PANELS

T1 & T2 DC DISTRIBUTION

DC Distribu;on
DC distribuXon is given by the following buses :
-‐ DC BUS 1 and 2 28V
-‐ DC BUS 1 secXon (sect) 1 and 2 28V
-‐ DC BUS 2 sect 1 and 2 28V
-‐ DC EMERGENCY (EMER) BUS sect 1 and 2 24/28V
-‐ DC EMER BUS sect 1 24/28V
-‐ DC ESSENTIAL (ESS) BUS 24/28V
-‐ DC ESS BUS sect 1 and 2 24/28V
-‐ DC STBY BUS 24/28V
-‐ DC UTILITY (UTLY) BUS 1 and 2 28V
-‐ DC SVCE BUS 28V
-‐ HOT MAIN BAT BUS 24/28V
-‐ HOT MAIN BAT BUS sect 1 24/28V
-‐ HOT EMER BAT BUS 24/28V
-‐ HOT EMER BAT BUS sect 1 24/28V
-‐ DC GROUND HANDLING (GND HDLG) BUS 24/28V

DC buses 1 and 2 are normally supplied by respecXve Starter/Generators (S/G) 1PU. If one of the starter/generators does not
operate, its buses are supplied by the other one (BUS-‐TIE). In the event of failure of both starter/generators, main ba\ery supplies DC
ess bus and inverter 1 which supplies 115 and 26 VAC stby buses only and emer ba\ery supplies DC emer bus only.

In addiXon, when the aircra` is on ground DC bus 1 and 2 may be supplied by a GPU, as soon as the external power is available and of
acceptable quality.
DC bus 1 sect 1 and 2 are directly supplied by DC bus 1 only. DC bus 2 sect 1 and 2 are directly supplied by DC bus 2 only. DC emer bus
is normally supplied by DC bus 1, but if this one is not supplied, emer ba\ery supplies it. In both cases DC emer bus is always supplied
through hot emer bat bus.

T1 & T2

DC emer bus sect 1 is directly supplied by DC emer bus only.
DC ess bus is normally supplied by DC bus 2, but if this one is not supplied, main ba\ery supplies it. In both cases DC ess bus is always
supplied through hot main bat bus.
DC ess bus sect 1 and 2 are directly supplied by DC ess bus only.
DC stby bus is supplied by DC ess bus (via stby bus relay 4PD opened) or by DC emer bus (via stby bus relay 4PD closed).
DC utly buses 1 and 2 are normally supplied respecXvely by DC bus 1 and 2 through related utly bus contactors(UC) 29PU and 30 PU
closed.
DC svce bus is normally supplied by DC bus 1 through DC service bus contactor (SVC) 10PX closed.
When the aircra` is on ground DC svce bus may be supplied by a GPU, as soon as the external power is available and of acceptable
quality, through DC service bus transfer contactor (SVTC) 8PX closed.
DC service bus and DC utly bus 1 and 2 are shedded if DC bus 1 or 2 are in overload or are not supplied.
Hot main bat bus is directly supplied by main ba\ery.
Hot emer bat bus is directly supplied by emer ba\ery.
DC ground handling bus is supplied by hot main bat bus through DC ground handling transfer bus on bat relay (GHTR) 2PX opened or by
GPU, if ext power is available and of acceptable quality, through the same contactor closed.
In addiXon the DC distribuXon network includes the starXng which can be powered as follows :
-‐ in flight by main ba\ery (cross-‐start inhibit);
-‐ on ground by external power and, if this one is not available, by main ba\ery alone and with the running Starter/generator (cross-‐
start).

T1 & T2 DC NORMALGENERATION

T1 & T2 DC NORMAL GENERATION
General
The DC generaXon is normally given by two isolated engine driven starter/generators (S/G) actuated by the respecXve engine gear-‐box.
Starter/generators 1PU and 2PU supply separately the DC bus 1 and 2 and all DC buses connected to them. The two starter/generators
with their channel operate separately from each other. Each of them is controlled and protected by a Generator Control Unit (GCU). In
the event of failure of one starter/generator, or if it is not connected on line, its network is automaXcally connected to and supplied by
the other starter/generator operaXng.
In addiXon a Bus Power Control Unit (BPCU) 9PG monitors alla DC buses and their connecXons. When the aircra` is on ground, DC
network can be powered, through DC external power receptacle 1PG by a ground power unit (GPU) under control of the BPCU.
Descrip;on
DC normal generaXon system is essenXally composed of :
-‐ two starter/generators ;
-‐ four Hall effect current sensors (HECS) ;
-‐ two Generator Control Units ;
-‐ a Bus Power Control Unit ;
-‐ two generator contactors ;
-‐ a bus-‐Xe contactor ;
-‐ two feeder overheat detecXon systems

T1 & T2 DC GENERATION

T1 & T2 DC GENERATION

T1 & T2 DC GENERATOR

Starter/Generators
The two S/G's are a\ached to the related engine gear-‐box with mounXng flange adapters and quick-‐a\ach/detach coupling rings.
Each S/G is equipped with an axial built-‐in fan, providing forced air cooling for ground operaXons.
They are designed to perform the following tasks :
-‐ engine starXng (up to 45% NH) ;
-‐ DC power generaXon from 61,5% NH.

Starter Performances :
-‐ Maximum input current 1275A .
-‐ RotaXonal speed of the armature at ''starter-‐cutout'' : 45% NH.

Generator Performances :
-‐ Rated nominal voltage : 30V
-‐ Rated nominal load current : 400A
(conXnuous operaXon)
-‐ Rated output power : 12 KW (400A -‐ 30V conXnuous operaXon)
-‐ Overload : 18 KW (600A -‐ 30V during 2 minutes)
30V during 2 minutes)
-‐ Cross-‐starXng current limiXng : 600A
-‐ Rated speed range : 7800 to 12000 RPM

By a field weakening technique provided within the associated GCU, each S/G
(in starter mode) is able to run a motor up to and slightly beyond the point at which the engine is normally self-‐sustaining. A magneXc
pick-‐up (speed sensor), incorporated in each S/G, sends a signal to each GCU to control:
-‐ starter cut-‐out point (45% NH);
-‐ generator on-‐line point (61,5% NH).
The machine rotates anX-‐clockwise when viewed from the sha` end.
The shear secXon of the drive sha` is rated to break at 1600 in/lbs (18.4 m/kg). The maximum operaXng alXtude is 35,000 feet.

OperaXonal modes of each S/G are the following:

Ground Star+ng Mode
In starXng mode each S/G rotates the respecXve engine to its self-‐sustaining point. Either main ba\ery or the ground power unit can be
used to start the first engine, either le` or right. The second engine, if the DC external power is not available, is started by main ba\ery
and the running S/G (cross-‐start) in the following way :
-‐ between 0% and 10% NH main ba\ery, alone, gives electrical power (in order to keep to a minimum mechanical and electrical inrush
loads).
-‐ from 10% to 45% NH, main ba\ery is aided by the other operaXng S/G.
NOTE: The ground power unit has priority either on the S/G or on the main ba\ery, providing (alone) engine starXng. The cross-‐start is
inhibited.

Flight StarXng Mode
In flight the cross-‐start is not operaXng and the engine starXng can be done only by the main ba\ery.

Genera+ng mode
When an engine reaches 61,5% NH, the related S/G is operaXng as generator.

Hotel Mode
In ''Hotel Mode'', operaXng only on ground, the right engine runs with the propeller brake engaged, as an electrical power source.
In this mode all DC and AC constant frequency buses are supplied by S/G 2 while ACW buses are not supplied.
In ''Hotel Mode''the le` engine is never used.

T1 & T2 HALL EFFECT SENSOR

T1 & T2 HALL EFFECT SENSOR
Hall Effect Current Sensors

The four Hall effect current sensors (two for each S/G channel one installed at the neutral side of the S/G and the
other close to the POR), give to the related GCU, the current level signals for :
-‐ overload protecXon ;
-‐ differenXal fault protecXon ;
-‐ current measuring ;
-‐ current limiXng funcXon.

T1 & T2 GENERATOR CONTROL UNIT
The GCU’s are mounted respecXvely on shelves 4

and 5 in R electric rack 90VU.

The GCU's are supplied by DC emer bus (GCU 1)
and by DC ess bus (GCU 2) or either by respecXve
S/G Point of RegulaXon (POR) and/or by an output
from DC BPCU 9PG or by all at the same Xme.

Main funcXons of each GCU are :
-‐ to control and give the starter/generator field
excitaXon ;
-‐ to control opening and closing of the related S/G
contactor ;
-‐ to supply the DC BPCU ;
-‐ to regulate the output voltage.


Starter/Generator Field excita;on and control.
The starter/generator field control is done by the s/g field relay (SGFR), incorporated in the GCU, which connects the s/g field winding
to the power source. The SGFR is inhibited (staying in open posiXon) or is opened very fast, via protecXve funcXon actuaXon, whenever
any of the following condiXons occurs :
-‐ DC GEN pushbu\on switch released ;
-‐ generator feeder differenXal fault ;
-‐ overvoltage ;
-‐ undervoltage ;
-‐ overcurrent ;
-‐ overexcitaXon.
The SGFR can be rese\ed by pressing DC GEN pushbu\on switch 23PU or 24PU to the released posiXon (out) and then , if the S/G is
required on line, by pressing it to the pressed (in) posiXon. If the fault condiXon is sXll present, a second protecXve funcXon is acXvated.
Voltage Regula;on.
The starter/generator voltage regulator within each GCU (self-‐contained solid state ''pulse width'' type) controls the voltage at the point
of regulaXon by varying the current applied to the S/G exciter field.
The voltage regulator keeps the voltage at the set value + 0.5V under all normal steady-‐state condiXons of load, speed and ambient
temperature.
In order to opXmize the ba\ery charging capability under different external ambient temperature condiXons a 3 posiXon selector
switch, internal to each GCU, enable selecXon of any one of three nominal voltage as follows :
-‐ nominal voltage: 29V (normal temperature)
-‐ nominal voltage +1V (low temperature)
-‐ nominal voltage -‐1V (high temperature)
The selector switch shall be available by removing each cover of GCU without any other operaXon.

T1 & T2 GCU to Generator

Generator Contactor Control.
Each GCU controls related GC 11PU and 12PU opening and closure. Each GC closes, thus connecXng the related S/G to the associated DC
bus, when the following condiXons are detected by the related GCU :
-‐ DC GEN pushbu\on switch pressed ;
-‐ engine speed up 61,5% NH ;
-‐ starter generator field relay closed.
-‐ S/G parameters within normal limits.
Each GCU causes the related GC opening if any of the following condiXons is detected :
-‐ DC GEN pushbu\on switch released ;
-‐ differenXal fault on generator wire (from feeder);
-‐ overvoltage ;
-‐ undervoltage ;
-‐ reverse current ;
-‐ overcurrent ;
-‐ overexcitaXon ;
-‐ underspeed.

BPCU power supply
Each GCU gives a nominal 28 Vdc power supply to control and protecXon circuits of BPCU.

T1 & T2 GCU INTERFACE AND PROTECTIONS
Each GCU interfaces with the following control switches :
-‐ DC GEN pushbu\on switches1 and 2 (23PU; 24PU) ;
-‐ START pushbu\on switches 1 and 2 (5KG; 6KG) through the ENG START selector switch 13KG ;
-‐ ENG FIRE handles1 and 2 (7WD; 8WD).
Each GCU controls the system parameters in order to protect the main generaXng channel in the event of system faults and protect
load equipment connected to the system from ''out-‐of limits''
electrical power quality
The acXvaXon of a ''ENG FIRE'' handle causes immediate opening of the GC associated to the related S/G channel.
When a GCU opens the related GC, it provides a signal to the BPCU for BTC (16PU) closure or lockout. It also provides protecXon and
fault detecXon on the related channel in conjuncXon with the controls on MAIN ELEC PWR PANEL 29VU.
Each GCU supplies the related SC coil (1KG and 2KG) when the following condiXons are detected :
-‐ start signal (START 1 or 2 pushbu\on switch pressed) ;
-‐ engine speed less than 45% NH ;
-‐ SGFR closed.
When the engine speed reaches 45% NH, the SC opens disconnecXng the S/G from starXng line.
The protecXve funcXons of each GCU are :
Start mode
-‐ Overspeed ;
-‐ Tachometer failure ;
-‐ Speed signal 45% failure ;
-‐ DifferenXal fault.
GeneraXng mode
-‐ Underspeed ;
-‐ Undervoltage ;
-‐ Overvoltage ;
-‐ OverexcitaXon ;
-‐ Overcurrent/Load shedding ;
-‐ Reverse Current ;
-‐ DifferenXal fault.

T1 & T2 GCU CONFIDENCE CHECK

T1 & T2 GCU CONFIDENCE CHECK
Confidence check
The confidence check can be operated only on ground and with main buses not powered. Pressing the confidence check switch,
located on the unit, a confidence check indicator light comes on to show test in progress.
Aèr 10 ± 1 seconds (tesXng Xme) if the GCU operates correctly the CC indicator light goes off.
If a failure is detected, the CC indicator light stays on for 60 seconds.

Shutdown fault annuncia;on
The BITE system is also provided with magneXc indicators to display a STARTER GENERATOR/GCU VOLTAGE REGULATOR/
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION FAULT installed on the front panel of each GCU. Whenever a channel protecXon is operated by opening
the SGFR, the related GCU finds the cause and shows the Failed Line Replaceable Unit (FLRU) responsible on its front panel as follows :

GENERATOR FAULT magneXc indicator is energized when :
Generator tachometer failure is acXvated
or
Undervoltage protecXon is acXvated
and
Field current is at its maximum value
and
Underspeed condiXon is not detected ;

GCU FAULT magneXc indicator is energized when :
Overvoltage protecXon is acXvated
or
and
Field current is not at its maximum value

DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION FAULT magneXc indicator is energized whenever a DP circuit is acXvated.

The reset is possible by pressing RESET switch on the same front panel
If the fault persists, the indicaXon will be shown again.

T1 & T2 FEEDER OVERHEAT PROTECTION



Power feeder overtemperature detec;on
DC electrical generaXng power feeder system consists of two nickel-‐plated aluminum conductors connected in parallel for generaXng
channel.
The purpose of this system is to provide warning signals if one of the above two conductors open.
In order to detect any open wire condiXon, two thermal sensors are located on the joints of the two conductors. The two
temperature signals are sent to the modules 1A and 2A of M.F.C.'s. Different temperature values between the two sensors will
indicate different values of current flowing through the conductors. Whenever the difference between the two temperature values is
higher than 15 ± 1°C (as a result of one open wire condiXon) the M.F.C.'s will provide a warning signal and will cause (only when the a/
c is on ground) the relevant DC generaXng channel shutdown.


T1 & T2 DC NORMALGENERATION

T1 & T2 BUS POWER CONTROL UNIT DC

T1 & T2 BUS POWER CONTROL UNIT DC
Bus Power Control Unit
BPCU 9PG is mounted on shelf 5 in R electronic rack 90VU.

The BPCU is supplied by one of the following inputs :
-‐ DC external power
-‐ DC emer bus
-‐ channel 1 through GCU 1
-‐ channel 2 through GCU 2

The BPCU funcXons are :
-‐ to control the ''BUS-‐TIE'' ;
-‐ to control the DC external power;
-‐ to control the DC service bus and DC uXlity buses power supply ;
-‐ to control the load shedding ;
-‐ to control the DC ground handling bus power supply ;
-‐ to control engine cranking by main ba\ery.

The ''BUS-‐TIE'' is obtained through DC bus Xe contactor 16PU closure whenever one of the S/G's fails to operate or if it is not connected,
or when DC external power (available and of acceptable quality is required on line.
When DC external receptacle 1PG is connected to the GPU, the BPCU controls the external power quality and, if it is acceptable,
automaXcally closes DC external power contactor 11PG connecXng all DC network to the DC external power.
Either by DC normal generaXon or by DC external power, the BPCU controls the power supply to the DC service bus and DC uXlity buses
through the related contactors. These buses are shedded whenever an overload condiXon occurs. The BPCU controls, always with DC
external power acceptable, ground handling bus xfr relay 2PX in order to connect DC ground handling
bus to the DC external power. The BPCU closes, when a starXng sequence iniXates, ba\ery start contactor 3KG, connecXng the ba\ery
to the start line. A failure in the BPCU causes the BTC opening and ba\ery SC closure with no effect on single channel operaXon and
starXng operaXon.
The unit is designed to ensure proper and safe sequency of contactors operaXons.

T1 & T2 BPCU DC

T1 & T2 BPCU DC INTERFACE AND
The BPCU interfaces with the following pushbuAon switches : PROTECTIONS
-‐ BTC pushbu\on switch 26PU ;
-‐ DC SVCE/UTLY BUS pushbu\on switch 47PU ;
-‐ DC GND SVCE BUS pushbu\on switch 15PX ;
-‐ EXT PWR pushbu\on switch 2PG.

The BPCU protecXve funcXons are :
-‐ BTC control lockout ;
-‐ starter/generator load shedding ;
-‐ external power overvoltage protecXon ;
-‐ external power undervoltage protecXon ;
-‐ external power overcurrent (generaXng and starXng mode) protecXon ;
-‐ reverse polarity ;
-‐ unselected crank a\empt.

BTC Control and Lockout
The BPCU gives automaXc control to the BTC, connecXng or disconnecXng the DC buses 1 and 2 (''bus-‐Xe'').
When BTC pushbu\on switch 26PU (MAIN ELEC PWR panel) is released the ''bus-‐Xe'' system is stand-‐by operaXng.
When both DC buses 1 and 2 are normally supplied by the corresponding, S/G's, the bus-‐Xe contactor is Kept in opened posiXon. If one
S/G fails to operate (or if it is not connected), or when ground power unit is connected to the DC external receptacle 1PG (acceptable
quality), the BPCU closes the BTC. The unit prevents the closure of BTC by a ''lockout signal'' if a short circuit is detected on the DC bus
1 or 2, insulaXng the failed bus.

Load shedding
The BPCU controls and performs automaXc load shedding by overload informaXon from the DC GCU's and by monitoring DC external
power over load current. In the event of the S/G 1 overload, DC service bus contactor 10PX and DC uXlity bus 1 contactor 29PU are
opened in sequence aèr Xme delays, to bring the system load within the conXnuous raXng of the operaXng power sources. In the
event of the S/G 2 overload, DC service bus contactor 10PX and DC uXlity bus 2 contactor 30PU are opened in the same way.
Under this condiXons there will be the illuminaXon of the SHED legends respecXvely on DC GND SVCE BUS pushbu\on switch 15PX and
on DC SVCE/UTLY BUS pushbu\on switch 47PU. At the same Xme the acXvaXon of the crew alerXng system occurs.

T1 & T2 BPCU to GCU

T1 & T2 BPCU DC PROTECTIONS
External power overvoltage protec;on
The BPCU gives protecXon against overvoltage, when DC external power is available and of acceptable quality. Whenever an
overvoltage is detected (voltage greater than 33.5V), the BPCU opens and locks out DC external power contactor 11PG, DC service bus
transfer relay 8PX and DC ground handling bus xfr relay 2PX.
The EPC is manually reset by pressing EXT PWR pushbu\on switch 2PG.

External power undervoltage protec;on
Whenever the DC external power is available and of acceptable quality, the BPCU gives protecXon against undervoltage. Whenever an
undervoltage is detected (voltage under 24.5 + 0.75V and no starXng condiXon is operaXng), the BPCU opens and locks out the EPC,
SVTR and GHC. Opening and lockout of the contactor and of relay is operated 9 + 1 sec aèr the undervoltage is detected. The EPC is
manually reset by pressing EXT PWR pushbu\on switch.

External power overcurrent protec;on
Whenever DC external power is available and of acceptable quality, the BPCU gives protecXon against overcurrent in conjuncXon with
Hall effect current sensors. Whenever an overcurrent is detected, the BPCU opens and locks out the EPC, SVTC and GHTR. The EPC is
manually reset by pressing EXT PWR pushbu\on switch 2PG.
During engine starXng, as soon as the maximum starXng peak current value is over 1450 + 100 A, the BPCU sends a signal to the GCU's
which open the related starXng contactor.

Reverse polarity
Whenever DC external power is connected to aircra` receptacle 1PG, the BPCU gives protecXon against reverse polarity. When a
reverse polarity is detected the BPCU inhibits EPC, GHTR and SVTR closure.

Unselected crank aZempt
The BPCU monitor contactor status in order to avoid any unselected start a\empt on ground. Lockout signals are reset or by an in-‐flight
condiXon or by removing the ''disagree'' condiXon.

T1 & T2 IN/ OUT BPCU

T1 & T2 BPCU BITE

T1 & T2 BPCU BITE
The BPCU provides built-‐in test (BITE) controls and display accessible from the front panel of the unit.
The BITE has two separate funcXons :
-‐ confidence check
-‐ shutdown fault annunciaXon.

Confidence check
The confidence check can be operated only on ground. Pressing the confidence check switch, located on the front panel of the unit, a CC
indicator light comes on to show test in progress.
Aèr 10 ± 1 seconds (tesXng Xme) the CC indicator light is off if the BPCU operates correctly.
If a failure is detected, the CC indicator light stays on for 60 seconds.

The BITE system is also provided with magneXc indicators to display a APU START CHANNEL/ENG 1 START CHANNEL/ENG 2 START
CHANNEL/BPCU/CONTACTOR CONTROL FAULT installed on the front panel of the BPCU.
Whenever a fault condiXon occurs the BPCU finds the cause and shows the Failed Line Replaceable Unit (FLRU) responsible on its front
panel as follows:
-‐ START CHANNEL (APU, ENG 1, ENG 2) FAULT magneXc indicator is energized whenever the BPCU detects a related start channel fault.
-‐ BPCU FAULT magneXc indicator is energized whenever BPCU circuitry detects a microprocessor failure.
-‐ BPCU-‐CONTACTOR CONTROL FAULT magneXc indicator is energized whenever the BPCU fail to command correctly the following
contactors : SVC,SVTC, GHC, BTC, UC's, EPC and GC through the GCU.
The reset is possible by the RESET switch on the same panel.
If the fault persists, the indicaXon will be shown again.
The BPCU has circuitry to shutdown the external power channel, to isolate the main engine generaXng channels and to close the ba\ery
SC, in the event of microprocessor failures of either the so`ware or hardware.

T1 & T2 OPERATION
Opera;on
When the engines reach 66% NH, GCU's circuitries controlling generaXon mode are acXvated; if all required parameters are within the
limits, GC's 11PU and 12PU close thus connecXng each S/G to the proper channel. If one of S/G fails to operate (or if it is not
connected) the related GCU sends a signal to the BPCU which closes BTC 16PU connecXng all DC buses to the operaXng S/G.
Detailed operaXonal modes are the following :

Normal Genera;ng Mode
In normal condiXon the S/G1 1PU supplies DC BUS 1 through GC 1 and via this one the following buses :
-‐ DC uXlity bus 1 through uXlity bus 1 contactor 29PU ;
-‐ DC service bus through service bus contactor 10PX ;
-‐ Hot emer bat bus through emer bat charge contactor 42PA (emer ba\ery charging) and via this one:
-‐ DC emergency bus through DC main bus transfer contactor 1PA, DC main buses/hot emer bat bus transfer contactor 58PAand
auxiliary transfer contactor 1 95PA;
-‐ INV1 1XA through DC bus1/hot main bat bus transfer contactor 2PA, stat inv ovrd xfr contactor 13PD and contactor1 95PA.
The S/G2 1PU supplies DC BUS 2 through GC 2 and via this one the following buses:
-‐ DC utly bus 2 through uXlity bus 2 contactor 30PU ;
-‐ Hot main bat bus through main bat bus charge contactor 23PA (main bat charging) and via this one:
-‐ DC essenXal bus via DC main buses/hot main bat bus transfer contactor 3PA and auxiliary transfer contactor 2 96PA;
-‐ DC stand-‐by bus through contactor 3PA, contactor 2 96PA and DC stby bus relay 4PD;
-‐ INV 2.

T1 & T2 SINGLE GENERATOR OPERATION

T1 & T2 SINGLE GENERATOR OPERATION
Failure of S/G 1 or 2 (short circuit)
When a GCU detects a S/G or related channel failure it provides the opening of the related GC. This fault is shown by illuminaXon of
FAULT legend on related DC GEN pushbu\on switch and at the same Xme there is the acXvaXon of crew alerXng system too. If the fault
is caused by a short circuit and the overcurrent protecXon circuit is acXvated, the related GCU opens the associated GC and sends a
signal to the BPCU which inhibits and locks out the BTC closure. The DC BUS OFF cauXon light relevant to DC main bus not supplied
comes on. Under this condiXon the operaXng s/g only supplies its buses. If no lockout signals an present BPCU closes BTC 16PU and all
DC network is supplied by the operaXng S/G. The ''BUS-‐TIE'' is shown by illuminaXon of flow bar legend on the BTC pushbu\on switch
26PU.

NOTE : BTC pushbu\on switch must be always released to have the ''BUS-‐TIE''.

T1 & T2 DC EXTERNAL POWER

. General
All DC and AC CF buses can be supplied by a Ground Power Unit connected to the DC external power receptacle when BPCU 9PG
detects an acceptable external power quality.

NOTE : The external source has priority either on S/G's or on the ba\eries.

Descrip;on
DC external power system is composed of:
-‐ an external power,
-‐ a Hall effect current sensor,
-‐ the BPCU,
-‐ an external power contactor.

Component Descrip;on
External Receptacle
The DC external receptacle, which can be reached through an access door, is installed on the forward secXon of the aircra`.
This receptacle allows the aircra` to be supplied on ground with 28VDC power from a ground power unit.
The DC external receptacle has three pins : two for power transfer and a smaller one for its control.
Hall Effect Current Sensor
The Hall effect current sensor, installed on the external power channel, sends signals to the BPCU for the external power overload
protecXon.
In addiXon it sends signals directly to the current measuring instrument.
The DC BPCU receives, from the external receptacle and the Hall effect sensor, external power quality signals and, by monitoring
them, gives control, protecXon, and fault detecXon for the DC external power system.
External Power Contactor
EPC 11PG is controlled by BPCU and, when it is closed, connects the external power to DC bus 1 (and, through BTC in closed posiXon,
to DC bus 2) and to the start line.



T1 & T2 EXTERNAL POWER
Opera;on
When a GPU is connected to DC external receptacle BPCU controls external power quality (correct polarity and voltage, and if
acceptable, illuminates :
-‐ DC CNCTD indicator light 12PG on DC EXT PWR CTL PNL;
-‐ DC PWR NOT USED indicator light 14PG on DC EXT PWR CTL PNL through EPC 11PG and DC service bus transfer contactor 8PX both
opened.
-‐ AVAIL legend on EXT PWR pushbu\on switch 2PG (MAIN ELEC PWR panel).
In this way, with BAT selector switch 7PA in ON posiXon, by pressing EXT PWR pushbu\on switch in ON posiXon BPCU closes EPC
connecXng DC bus 1 and the start line to the ground power unit.
This operaXon is shown by the illuminaXon of ON legend on EXT PWR pushbu\on switch.
DC PWR NOT USED indicator light is off too.
In such way DC bus 1, can supply all its buses and, through the bus-‐Xe contactor closed, (BTC pushbu\on switch in released posiXon)
DC bus 2.

In addiXon, when the GPU is connected to the external receptacle, the BPCU automaXcally closes ground handling contactor 6PX
connecXng ground handling bus to the GPU.

T1 & T2 DC SERVICE & GROUND HANDLING BUS

T1 & T2 DC SERVICE & GROUND HANDLING BUS
. General
DC Service Bus
The DC service bus can be supplied as follows:
-‐ by DC bus 1 in normal condiXon;
-‐ by ground power unit (on ground) when the DC external power is available and of acceptable quality.
When an overload condiXon is detected on power supply channel DC service bus is shed.
DC Ground Handling Bus
DC ground handling bus can be supplied, only on ground, as follows :
-‐ by hot main bat bus;
-‐ by DC service bus with the DC external power is available and of acceptable quality.

NOTE : External power has priority on the main ba\ery.

Descrip;on
DC Service Bus
The DC service bus can be supplied, under the DC BPCU control, through the following contactors :
-‐ Dc service bus contactor (SVC);
-‐ Dc service bus transfer contactor (SVTC).
DC Ground Handling Bus
The DC ground handling bus can be supplied through the following relays :
-‐ DC ground handling bus relay (GHR) ;
-‐ DC ground handling transfer bus on bat relay (GHTR).

DC Service Bus Contactor
During the normal operaXon, with DC SVCE/UTLY BUS pushbu\on switch 47PU set to ON posiXon, the BPCU closes DC service bus
contactor 10PX connecXng DC service bus to DC bus 1.
DC Service Bus Transfer Contactor
When the ground power unit is connected to the DC external receptacle and the external power is of acceptable quality the BPCU, with
DC GND SVCE BUS pushbu\on switch 15PX or membrane key 2MW set to ON posiXon, closed the DC service bus transfer contactor
8PX connecXng DC service bus to GPU.

T1 & T2 GROUND HANDLING BUS

T1 & T2 GROUND HANDLING BUS
Opera;on (DC GND HDLG BUS)
Power supply from external power
When the DC external power is available and of acceptable quality, BPCU automaXcally closes DC ground handling bus relay 6PX
connecXng directly DC ground handling bus to DC service bus.
Power supply from main baZery
When the DC external power is not available, DC ground handling bus is supplied by hot main bat bus through DC ground handling
transfer bus on bat relay 2PX closed. The closure of GHTB is possible through the GHR in opened posiXon, with WOW 1 flt pos relay
33GB in GND posiXon and if there is one of the following condiXon :
-‐ Refueling panel power supply microswitch 20QU not acXvated ;
-‐ Cabin door shoot bolt 3 microswitch 11WS (closed);
-‐ Door control panel cover pos microswitch 21MP not acXvated ;
Every Xme DC ground handling bus is supplied by hot main bat bus, gnd hdlg on bat warning light 18PX comes on.

T1 & T2 DC SERVICE BUS
Power supply from starter/generators
When the two starter/generators operate correctly and supply
the associated DC main buses, pressing DC SVCE/UTLY BUS
pushbu\on switch 47PU in ON posiXon, the BPCU closes DC
service bus contactor 10PX connecXng DC service bus to DC BUS

DC service bus can be also supplied, with the BTC pushbu\on
switch in released posiXon, by S/G 2, when the S/G 1 fails to
operate or is not connected to its channel, through the bus-‐Xe
contactor in closed posiXon.
Each DC GCU, when detect on overload condiXon, opens the
related GC and sends a fault signal to BPCU which opens SVC and
DC service bus shedding (load shedding) occurs.
This condiXon is shown by illuminaXon of SHED legend on DC
SVCE/UTLY BUS pushbu\on switch while OFF legend is always
off.

When DC service bus is not supplied DC service bus off relay
19PX is opened allowing through it the illuminaXon of SHED
legend on DC GND SVCE BUS pushbu\on switch 15PX or
membrane key 2mw (A\endant panel).
When DC generaXon system goes back to normal posiXon, it is
possible to reconnect DC service bus to DC bus 1 by pressing
DCSVCE/UTLY BUS pushbu\on switch.
When DC generaXon system goes back to normal posiXon, it is
possible to reconnect DC service bus to DC bus 1 by pressing
DCSVCE/UTLY BUS pushbu\on switch.
T1 & T2 DC SERVICE BUS

When the DC external power is available and of acceptable
quality, pressing DC GND SVCE BUS pushbu\on switch 15PX
or membrane key 2mw in ON posiXon BPCU close DC
service bus transfer contactor 8PX, through the SVC in
opened posiXon, connecXng DC service bus to GPU.
Immediately DC service bus off relay is closed and SHED
legend on DC GND SVCE BUS pushbu\on switch goes off. ON
legend on the same pushbu\on switch comes on while DC
PWR NOT USED indicator light 14PG (on DC EXT PWR CTL
PNL) is off too.
DC service bus is directly supplied by GPU when EXT PWR
pushbu\on switch 2PG is released and external power
contactor 11PG is in opened posiXon.
As soon as EXT PWR pushbu\on switch is pressed, the BPCU
closes the EPC connecXng the DC bus 1 to the GPU. The
BPCU, in such a way, closes the SVC and opens the SVC thus
connecXng the DC service bus to DC BUS 1.

T1 & T2 BATTERIES
BaZeries
Nickel-‐Cadmium ba\eries, connected to the air
condiXoning system for venXlaXon, are composed
of twenty elements series mounted and housed in
two stainless steel epoxy coated boxes.
CharacterisXcs :
-‐ nominal voltage of both ba\eries : 24V ;
-‐ nominal capacity of main ba\ery : 43 Ah (1 hour
rate) ;
-‐ nominal capacity of emer ba\ery : 15 Ah (1 hour
rate) ;

Each ba\ery has two thermal devices, a sensor and
a switch, but only one of these is operaXng. The
thermal switch conXnuously control the ba\ery
temperature status and in case of abnormal
overtemperature, it interrupts the charge phase
disconnecXng the ba\ery from main bus.
Main and emer ba\eries are mounted on shelf 6 in L
electronics rack 80VU.
Each ba\ery is equipped with a plug to mate with
the aircra` quick disconnecXng connector

T1 & T2 BATTERIES
General
DC generaXon by main and emer ba\eries is normally uXlized to provide stored energy to selected DC and AC loads during normal
ground operaXons and to criXcal loads in flight in the event of a total loss of the DC primary generaXon system.
In addiXon main ba\ery alone provides electrical power for the engines starXng during both ground and in flight operaXons.
For these applicaXons, two ba\eries are charged at a constant potenXal (28V) respecXvely from DC BUS 2 (main ba\ery) and DC BUS 1
(emer ba\ery).
All ba\ery control and charge operaXons are provided by two mulX-‐funcXon computers (M.F.C.).
Normal supply from ba\eries (on ground) or in the event that they are used as emergency sources (in flight) is as follows :
-‐ main ba\ery, via hot main bat bus, supplies :
DC ess bus ;
DC stby bus ;
INV 1 which supplies 115 and 26VAC stby buses only ;
-‐ emer ba\ery, via hot emer bat bus, supplies :
DC emer bus ;
DC stby bus and INV 1 (115/26VAC stby buses) by pressing OVRD/UNDV pushbu\on switch 9PD.

In addiXon, on ground only, main ba\ery supplies DC ground handling bus too.
Emer ba\ery capacity is such as to allow 30 minutes of safe flight and landing.
In emergency condiXon for not discharge the ba\eries the alternaXve power supply is provided by 115VACW BUS 2 through a
transformer recXfier unit (TRU).
This one, however, only supplies DC EMER, ESS and STBY buses and 115 and 26VAC STBY buses (via inverter 1).

T1 & T2 DC NORMAL SUPPLY/BATTERY
ONLY

T1 & T2 BATTERIES
Opera;on
Normal Supply from Main BaZery (Ground Opera;on)
Main ba\ery 21PA supplies HOT MAIN BAT BUS as soon as the aircra` quick disconnecXng connector is coupled to the main ba\ery
plug.
In this way and with BAT selector switch 7PA set to ON posiXon, the hot main bat bus supplies the following buses :
-‐ DC ess bus( through transfer contactor 3PA energized and auxiliary transfer contactor 2 96PA not energized);
-‐ DC stby bus (through DC stby bus relay 4PD energized and contactor 2 96PA not energized);
-‐ INV 1 (through transfer contactor 2PA energized and through xfr contactor 13PD and auxiliary transfer contactor 3 97PA both not
energized), which supplies 115 and 26VAC stby buses only;
-‐ DC ground handling bus (only on ground and through contactor 2PX energized).
In addiXon when DC ess bus is supplied by main ba\ery (via Hot main bat bus) and DC emer bus is supplied by emer ba\ery (via Hot
emer bat bus), either DC GCU's or DC BPCU are automaXcally operated and in such way it is possible to start engine by main ba\ery.
As soon as the engine start sequence is iniXated (ENG START selector switch 13KG in START A or START B or START A + B or CRANK
posiXon) DC BPCU closes main ba\ery start contactor 3KG connecXng the starXng line to main ba\ery. At the same Xme DC GCU 1 and
2 closes engine 1 or 2 start contactor 1KG or 2KG,connecXng the starXng line to the S/G 1PU .Main ba\ery, alone, starts the first engine
then aided by the operaXng one (from 10 to 45% NH), starts the second engine (cross start). The power supply from main ba\ery is
shown by illuminaXon of right arrow legend on BAT TIE cauXon light 6PA (MAIN ELEC PWR panel 29VU).
.
Normal Supply from Emer BaZery (Ground Opera;on)
Emer ba\ery 72PA supplies HOT EMER BAT BUS as soon as the aircra` quick disconnect connector is coupled to the emer ba\ery plug.
In this way and with BAT selector switch 7PA set to ON posiXon, hot emer bat bus only supplies DC emer bus through contactor 58PA
energized and auxiliary transfer contactor 1 95PA not energized.
Either power supply from main ba\ery or from emer ba\ery are shown by illuminaXon of arrow legends on BAT TIE cauXon light 6PA.

T1 & T2 BATTERIES OVRD

T1 & T2 BATTERIES + UNDERVOLTAGE + OVRD

Undervoltage condi;on on DC BUS 1 / MFC so`ware error
Whenever an undervoltage condiXon occurs on DC BUS 1 (<20.5V for a Xme longer than 0,15s) contactors 1PA, 58PA and 95PA are
opened and DC emer bus is directly supplied by DC BUS 2. This one conXnues to supply DC ess bus (via transfer contactor 3PA closed and
transfer contactor 96PA opened) which in its turn supplies DC stby bus (through relay 4PD closed).

If during a normal system operaXon, a so`ware error inside a module of MFC, causes the opening of main ba\ery charge contactor 23PA
while DC main buses are normally supplied, an abnormal operaXon occurs. In this way DC BUS 2 conXnues to supply DC ess bus while DC
emer bus is transfered to emer ba\ery which it is no longer charged. This operaXon is shown by illuminaXon of le` arrow legend of BAT
TIE cauXon light 6PA and ELEC cauXon light on CAP. In addiXon flasher 88PA allows the illuminaXon, with intermi\ence effect, of capt and
f/o master cauXon lights 13WW and 168WW.

Undervoltage condi;on on DC BUS 2 / MFC so`ware error
Whenever an undervoltage condiXon occurs on DC BUS 2 (<25V for a Xme longer than 0.2 sec) transfer contactors 3PA and 96PA are
opened and DC ess bus is directly supply by DC BUS 1. This one conXnues to supply DC emer bus (via transfer, contactors 1PA and 58PA
closed) which in its turn supplies DC stby bus (through relay 4PD opened).

If during a normal operaXon of system, a so`ware error inside a module of MFC, causes the opening of emer ba\ery charge contactor
42PA while DC main buses are normally supplied, an abnormal operaXon occurs. In this way DC BUS 1 conXnues to supply DC emer bus
while DC ess bus is transferred to main ba\ery which is no longer charged. This operaXon is shown ....same as above.

DC main buses in UNDV condi;on / MFC so`ware error
In the event of both DC main buses are in undervoltage condiXon or both starter generators are failed or not connected on line, the
emergency power supply is provided by main and emer ba\ery. This operaXon is wri\en in the paragraphs A and B.
Under this condiXon, it is possible to uXlize only the power supply from emer ba\ery when DC stby bus is in undervoltage or not
supplied.
This operaXon is wri\en in the secXon 4 paragraph H of DC normal generaXon.
If during a normal operaXon of system, a so`ware error inside a module of MFC, causes the opening of main and emer ba\ery charge
contactors 23PA and 42PA while DC main buses are normally supplied, an abnormal operaXon occurs. In this way DC ess and emer buses
are transferred respecXvely to main and emer ba\ery which they are no longer charged. This operaXon is shown by illuminaXon of le`
and right legends of bat Xe cauXon light 6PA and ELEC cauXon light on CAP. In addiXon flasher 88PA allows the illuminaXon, with
intermi\ence effect, of capt and f/o master cauXon lights 13WW and 168WW.

T1 & T2 2 amber arrows

BaZery Override Supply
This configuraXon is used to obtain the electrical supply by main and emer ba\eries manually rather than automaXcally.
With BAT selector switch 7PA set to OVRD posiXon, main and emer charge contactors 23PA and 42PA open and main and emer ba\eries
operate in the same way as when they provide power supply in normal condiXon during ground operaXon

T1 & T2 BATTERY CHARGING

BaZery Charging
Main and Emer ba\eries, connected to the related hot bat buses through the related charge/discharge shunts 22PA
and 39PA, are charged respecXvely by DC bus 2 and DC bus 1 through the related charge contactors 23PA and 42PA
closed.

BaZery control and protec;ve func;ons
Ba\ery control and protecXve funcXons are provided by two M.F.C.'s.
Each of these ones has two modules because all funcXons are duplicated so that the modules 1B and 2B provide to control main
ba\ery, while the modules 1A and 2A provide to control emer ba\ery.
The control and protecXve funcXons are the following:
-‐ ba\ery charge control;
-‐ thermal runaway protecXon;
-‐ high charging current protecXon;
-‐ shunt open line protecXon;
-‐ ba\ery overheat protecXon;
-‐ ba\ery charge contactor disagree control;
-‐ fault indicaXon.

BaZery Charge Control
Each M.F.C. controls the charge phase of associated ba\ery and then the related contactor by monitoring of following parameters:
-‐ charging current at the related shunt;
-‐ voltage of related main bus;
-‐ posiXon of related CHG pushbu\on switch;
-‐ internal temperature of related ba\ery;
-‐ BAT selector switch on OVRD posiXon and engine starXng signal.
Each M.F.C. will close the related ba\ery charge contactor whenever the following condiXons are present:
-‐ voltage of related main bus higher than 25V;
-‐ the related CHG pushbu\on switch pressed;
-‐ engine starXng signal not present and Bat selector switch not in OVRD posiXon.

Thermal Runaway Protec;on
Each M.F.C. prevents a thermal runaway of related ba\ery under all operaXng condiXon and monitors the charging current value by
means of one-‐minute sampling periods.
Thermal runaway control and detecXon circuit (inside each M.F.C.) operates whenever the charging current is in the range between
10A and 150A. The ba\ery charging can be rese\ed by cycling the related CHG pushbu\on switch.
High Charging Current Protec;on
If the charging current stays higher than 150A for 90 secs, M.F.C.1 or 2 cause immediate opening and lockout of related charge
contactor.
Shunt Open Line Protec;on
In the event of an open line condiXon between each charge/discharge shunt and the related M.F.C., this one opens and locks-‐out the
related charge contactor, interrupXng ba\ery charging.
BaZery overtemperature
In the event of an ba\ery overtemperature (>71°± 2.8°C, the related M.F.C. opens and locks-‐out the related charge contactor,
interrupXng ba\ery charging.
BaZery charge contactor disagree
When a disagreement occurs between the power contacts posiXon of one of two charge contactors and the related command given by
the contactor coil control circuit (contacts mechanically locked in open or closed posiXon), related M.F.C. detects a '' disagree signal ''
providing illuminaXon of FAULT legend on related CHG pushbu\on switch.

Each M.F.C. will immediately open the related ba\ery charge contactor whenever anyone of the following condiXons is present:
-‐ voltage of related main bus lower than 25V for 0.2 sec.
-‐ Bat selector switch in OVRD posiXon;
-‐ incipient thermal runaway of related ba\ery;
-‐ high charging current;
-‐ open line of related shunt;
-‐ overtemperature of related ba\ery;
-‐ during engine starXng through ENG START selector switch 13KG in START
A or START B or START A + B or CRANK posiXon and with one of the following condiXons :
a) START 1 pushbu\on switch 5KG pressed;
b) START 2 pushbu\on switch 6KG pressed;
c) main ba\ery start contactor 3KG closed;
d) DC ext pwr contactor 11PG closed .
The opening of related ba\ery charge contactor is shown by illuminaXon of FAULT legend on respecXve CHG pushbu\on switch and at
the same Xme the acXvaXon of crew alerXng system occurs.

T1 & T2 Power of TRU

T1 & T2 TRANSFORMER RECTIFIER UNIT
Transformer rec;fier unit

TRU 92PA is mounted on shelf 5 in R electric rack 90VU. It has the funcXon to transform the 115VACW input power
supply (by ACW BUS 2) in 28VDC output power supply.
TRU operaXon is requested not to discharge the ba\eries and it is obtained by pressing TRU pushbu\on switch
91PA in ON posiXon.


T1 & T2


Opera;on
If both DC main buses are in undervoltage condiXon or not supplied the electrical power supply alternaXve is provided by 115VACW BUS
2 (if requested and when at least a ACW generator is operated) or by ba\eries (automaXcally). In this case the first one is used not to
discharge these ones.
The 115VACW BUS 2 supplies transformer recXfier unit 92PA through TRU power supply control relay 93PA energized by supply control
relay 93PA energized by pressing TRU pushbu\on switch 91PA in ON posiXon (ON legend comes on). In this way TRU energizes auxiliary
transfer contactors 1PA, 2PA, 3PA, 95PA, 96PA and 97PA and through these ones supplies respecXvely DC emer and ess buses and INV 1
(which supplies 115 and 26VAC stby buses only). This operaXon is shown by illuminaXon of arrow legend on pushbu\on switch 91PA. In
this way DC stby bus (through contactor 2 96 PA) is supplied too.

However, if this one is not pressed, automaXcally the main ba\ery supplies hot main ba\ery bus and via this one:
-‐ DC ess bus (through DC main buses/hot main ba\ery bus transfer contactor 3PA closed and contactor 2 96PA opened);
-‐ DC stby bus (through DC stby bus relay 4PD closed);
-‐ INV 1, which supplies 115 and 26VAC stby buses only (through DC BUS 1/hot main bat bus transfer contactor 2PA closed and stat inv
ovrd xfr contactor 13PD and contactor 3 97PA opened).

T1 & T2 AC/ DC Summary

T1 & T2 AC CONSTANT FREQUENCY

General
400 Hz AC generaXon is given by two single-‐phase inverters normally supplied by DC bus 1 and 2.
Each Inverter supplies, with two separate outputs, 115 and 26VAC -‐ 400 Hz single-‐phase buses.
In normal condiXon INV 1 1XA, which is connected to DC bus 1, supplies :
-‐ 115 and 26VAC BUS 1;
-‐ 115 and 26VAC STBY BUS.
INV 2 2XA, which is connected to DC bus 2, supplies :
-‐ 115 and 26VAC BUS 2.

In the event of a single inverter failure, the operaXng Inverter automaXcally supplies all AC buses.


Descrip;on
The system is composed of :
-‐ two single-‐phase staXc inverters ;
-‐ two inverter main buses control relays (IBR) ;
-‐ one AC bus-‐Xe relay (BTR) ;
-‐ one AC stby buses transfer relay (SBTR).
-‐ two mulX-‐funcXon computers (M.F.C.).

Sta;c Inverters
The inverters are installed on shelves 3 and 4 in R electronics rack 90VU and
designed to operate with both natural convecXon and forced-‐air cooling.
Electrical characterisXcs :
-‐ Power -‐ 500 VA conXnuous operaXon, 575 VA for 30 minutes ;
-‐ 750 VA for 5 minutes (forced air cooling) ;
-‐ 500 VA for 30 minutes with convecXon cooling only.
-‐ Nominal Output voltage regulaXon: -‐ 115 + 4V and 26 + 1V from no load to full load ;
-‐ Nominal Frequency regulaXon : -‐ 400 + 5 Hz from no load to full load ;
-‐ DC input supply voltage: -‐ 18 to 31V from main DC buses.



Opera;on
Normal Condi;on
In normal condiXon with both DC main buses supplied either by starter/generators or by a ground power unit, INV1 1XA is supplied by DC
bus 1 and INV2 2XA by DC bus 2.

The AC distribuXon network is supplied as follows :

INV1 1XA supplies:
-‐ 115 and 26VAC bus 1 through INV1 bus control relay 19XA closed. This one is supplied by 28VDC emer bus and is closed by mulX-‐
funcXon computer 1UA1 that receives a signal of correct power supply from INV 1;
-‐ 115 and 26VAC stby bus through AC stby buses transfer relay 33XA opened ;

INV 2 2XA supplies:
-‐ 115 and 26VAC bus 2 through INV 2 bus control relay 20XA closed. This one is supplied by 28VDC ess bus and is closed by mulX-‐funcXon
computer 1UA2 that receives a signal of correct power supply from INV 2;

NOTE : With BTC pushbu\on switch 26PU (on MAIN ELEC PWR panel), released, the system is in standby to close bus-‐Xe relay 9XA,
connecXng AC buses 1 and 2 together, should either one inverter fail to operate or loss input power.

T1 & T2 INVERTERS

T1 & T2 INVERTERS
Failure of INV 2 or loss of power supply
In case of failure of INV 2 2XA or loss of DC BUS 2 there will be the opening of INV 2 bus control relay 20XA and illuminaXon of INV
FAULT and BUS OFF legends on cauXon light 8XN on MAIN ELEC PWR panel 29VU. At the same Xme mulX-‐funcXon computer 1UA2 will
acXvate the crew alerXng system.

This condiXon allows closing of AC generaXon bus-‐Xe relay 9XA, by computer 1UA1 and through BTC pushbu\on switch 26PU released
and INV 2 bus control relay 20XA opened.
With BTR closed, AC buses 2 are connected to INV 1 which supplies in such a way all AC 400 Hz network. The same thing occurs when
INV 2 output voltages drop under 102VAC and 23.1VAC.

T1 & T2 INVERTERS

T1 & T2 INVERTERS
Failure of INV 1 or loss of power supply
In case of failure of INV 1 1XA or loss of DC BUS 1 there will be the opening of INV 1 bus control relay 19XA and illuminaXon of INV
FAULT and BUS OFF legends on cauXon light 7XN on MAIN ELEC PWR panel 29VU. At the same Xme mulX-‐funcXon computer 1UA1 will
acXvate the crew alerXng system.

This condiXon allows closing of AC generaXon bus-‐Xe relay 9XA, by computer 1UA1 and through BTC pushbu\on switch 26PU released,
INV 2 bus control relay 20XA closed and INV 1 bus control relay 19XA opened.
With BTR closed, AC buses 1 are connected to the INV 2 which supplies in such a way all AC 400 Hz network. The same thing occurs
when INV 1 output voltages drop under 102VAC and 23.1VAC.
-‐ 115 and 26VAC stby bus through stby buses transfer relay 33XA closed

T1 & T2 MAIN ELECTRICAL PANEL

T1 & T2 MAIN ELECTRICAL PANEL

T1 & T2 AC POWER – WILD FREQUENCY


General
AC generaXon is given by two three-‐phase generators (GEN) driven by the reducXon gear-‐box of the engine propeller. In normal
condiXon ACW generator 1 1XU supplies ACW BUS 1 and ACW service bus while ACW generator 2 1XU supplies ACW BUS 2 alone. The
two ACW generators with their channels operate separately from each other. Each of them is controlled and protected by a Generator
Control Unit (GCU).
In the event of failure of one ACW generator, or if it is not connected on line, its network is automaXcally connected to and supplied by
the other ACW generator. In addiXon a Bus Power Control Unit (BPCU) 9XG monitors all ACW buses and their connecXons. When the
aircra` is on ground, ACW network can be powered, through AC external power receptacle 1XG by a ground power unit (GPU) under
control of the BPCU.

Descrip;on
The system consists of :
-‐ two ACW generators;
-‐ four three-‐phase current transformers (CT) ;
-‐ two Generator control units
-‐ one Bus power control unit
-‐ two generator contactors (GC) ;
-‐ two bus-‐Xe contactors
-‐ one service bus relay
-‐ one service bus transfer relay.





ACW Generators
Each ACW generator, brushless air-‐cooled type, is a\ached to the related engine propeller reducXon gear-‐box with mounXng flange
adapters and quick-‐a\ach/detach coupling rings. Each ACW generator is rated to supply conXnuously 20 KVA over a load power factor
range from 0.75 lagging to unity within the speed range of 10245 to 14634 RPM reducXon gearbox. The output voltage of each ACW
generator is 115/200VAC WF with a normal operaXng frequency range of 341 to 488 Hz.
Each ACW generator can be overloaded at 30 KVA for 5 minutes.

Current Transformers
Four three-‐phase current transformers, two on ACW generator each channel, and one integral to each ACW generator give for each
channel, in conjuncXon with GCU :
-‐ overload protecXon,
-‐ open phase protecXon,
-‐ differenXal current protecXon,
-‐ current measuring.

Generator Control Units
The GCU 9 and 10XU are mounted on shelves 5 and 3 in R electric rack 90VU.
The GCU's are supplied by DC ess bus and/or by Permanent MagneXc Generator (PMG) through a recXfier unit within each GCU. The
power supply by DC ESS bus is only used for control and protecXon circuits, while the power supply by PMG is used for generator field
excitaXon and for control and protecXon circuit together Main funcXons of each GCU are :
-‐ to control generator field excitaXon by voltage regulator ;
-‐ to control opening and closure of the related generator contactor ;
-‐ to supply the Bus Power Control Unit ;
-‐ to give metering signals to the measuring panel instrumentaXon.


T1 & T2 ACW GCU

T1 & T2 ACW GCU
Voltage Regula;on
Each GCU voltage regulator senses and regulates the average of the three-‐phase voltage at the end of the generator feeder (Point of
regulaXon POR).
Generator Field Control
The generator field control is done by the generator field relay (GFR), incorporated in the GCU, which connects the generator field
winding to the power source.
The GFR is prevented (staying in opened posiXon) or is opened very fastly (protecXve funcXon trip) whenever any of the following
condiXons are present :
-‐ overvoltage ;
-‐ undervoltage ;
-‐ differenXal fault ;
-‐ overcurrent ;
-‐ open phase ;
-‐ overfrequency ;
-‐ generator diode failure ;
-‐ ACW GEN pushbu\on switch released.
The GFR can be rese\ed by pressing ACW GEN pushbu\on switch to the released (out) posiXon and then, if the ACW generator is
required on line, by puvng it again to the pressed (in) posiXon. If the fault condiXon is sXll present, a second protecXve funcXon trip is
iniXated.
Generator Contactor Control
Each GCU controls related GC 5XU and 6XU opening and closure. Each GC closes, connecXng the related ACW generator to the
associated ACW bus, when the following condiXon are detected by the related GCU :
-‐ ACW GEN pushbu\on switch pressed;
-‐ generator field relay closed.

T1 & T2 ACW GCU
A GCU causes related GC opening if any of the following condiXons is detected :
-‐ overvoltage ;
-‐ undervoltage ;
-‐ differenXal fault ;
-‐ overcurrent ;
-‐ open phase ;
-‐ overfrequency ;
-‐ underfrequency;
-‐ generator diode failure.

Power supply to BPCU
Each GCU gives a nominal 28VDC power supply to control and protecXon circuits of BPCU.

T1 & T2 ACW GCU

T1 & T2 ACW GCU

T1 & T2 ACW GCU
Confidence Check
The confidence check can be operated on ground and with related generator not operaXng. Pressing the confidence check switch,
located on the front panel of the unit, a confidence check indicator light comes on to show test in progress.
Aèr 7 + 1 sec (tesXng Xme) CC indicator light is off, if related GCU operates correctly.
If a failure is detected, the CC indicator light stays on as long as the CC switch is pressed.

The BITE system is also provided with magneXc indicators to display a GENERATOR/GCU VOLTAGE REGULATOR/DIFFERENTIAL
PROTECTION FAULT installed on the front panel of each GCU. Whenever a channel protecXon is operated by opening the GFR, the
related GCU finds the cause and shows the Failed Line Replaceable Unit (FLRU) responsible on its front face as follows :

GENERATOR FAULT magneXc indicator is energized when:
Generator Diode Failure protecXon is acXvated
Or
and
Field current is at its maximum value
and
Underfrequency condiXon is not detected
GCU FAULT magneXc indicator is energized when :
Overvoltage protecXon is acXvated
or
and
Field current is not at its maximum value
and
Underfrequency condiXon is not detected
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION FAULT magneXc indicator is energized whenever DP circuit, is acXvated.

The reset is possible by pressing the RESET switch on the same panel on the unit. If the fault persists, the indicaXons will be shown
again.

T1 & T2 ACW GCU

T1 & T2 CURRENT TRANSFORMER

T1 & T2 CURRENT TRANSFORMER
Current Transformers
Four three-‐phase current transformers, two on ACW generator each channel, and one integral to each ACW generator give for each
channel, in conjuncXon with GCU :
-‐ overload protecXon,
-‐ open phase protecXon,
-‐ differenXal current protecXon,
-‐ current measuring.

T1 & T2 ACW BPCU

T1 & T2 ACW BPCU
BPCU 9XG is mounted on shelf 5, in R electric rack 90VU. The BPCU is supplied by one of the following input:
-‐ DC power from DC ess bus;
-‐ DC power from GCU 1;
-‐ DC power from GCU 2;
-‐ AC three-‐phase power from AC external power.
The BPCU funcXons are:
-‐ to control the two BTC's, connecXng in parallel ACW BUS 1 and 2 when ever one of ACW generators fails to operate (or is not
connected)
-‐ to control ACW service bus power supply and shedding ;
-‐ to control AC external power quality ;
-‐ to give metering signals to the measuring panel instrumentaXon.
DC output voltage is proporXonal to AC external power current as follows:
-‐ 87 amps ACW is equivalent to 100 mVdc output
-‐ 116 amps ACW is equivalent to 113 mVdc output
These current values are considered as average of AC external power current values.
ACW current input signal to BPCU is given by a CT.
The unit is designed to ensure proper and safe sequency of contactor operaXons. A failure in the BPCU causes the BTC's opening and/or
lockout but channel operaXons of each ACW generator are not interrupted.

The BPCU interfaces with the following pushbu\on switches :
-‐ BTC pushbu\on switch 18XU ;
-‐ ACW GND SVCE BUS pushbu\on switch 4XX ;
-‐ EXT PWR pushbu\on switch 10XG.


T1 & T2 ACW BPCU
The BPCU protecXve funcXons are :
-‐ BTC's control and lockout ;
-‐ ACW service bus shedding ;
-‐ external power overvoltage protecXon ;
-‐ external power undervoltage protecXon ;
-‐ external power overcurrent protecXon ;
-‐ external power overfrequency protecXon ;
-‐ external power underfrequency protecXon ;
-‐ external power phase sequence protecXon ;
-‐ external power open phase protecXon.

BTC's control and Lockout
The BPCU gives automaXc control to BTC's 7XU and 8XU, connecXng or disconnecXng ACW bus 1 and 2.
When BTC pushbu\on switch 18XU (AC WILD ELEC PWR panel) is released the ''bus-‐Xe'' system is in stand-‐by operaXon.
When both ACW bus 1 and 2 are normally supplied by the corresponding ACW generator, the BTC's are opened. If one ACW generator
fails to operate (or is not connected), or when ground power unit is connected to AC external power receptacle 1XG (acceptable
quality), the BPCU closes the BTC's.
The unit prevents the BTC's closure by a ''lockout signal'' if one of the following condiXons is detected :
-‐ Overload on a GeneraXng Channel
When an overload condiXon occurs on a generaXng channel and a differenXal fault condiXon is not concurrently detected, the
relatedGCU gives a logic level signal to the BPCU to cause opening and/or lockout of the BTC's.
-‐ GC Failure -‐ To -‐ Open
In the event that the GC fails to open aèr the acXvaXon of any CGU protecXve funcXon, the BPCU detects the failed GC contacts
posiXon and prevent closure of the related BTC.

T1 & T2 ACW BPCU
ACW service bus shedding
In normal condiXon, when two ACW generators and their channels operate, the BPCU supply the coil of ACW service bus relay and
ACW service bus is supplied by ACW bus 1.
Whenever only one ACW generator is operaXng (supplying both channels) the BPCU removes the power from the coil of ACW service
bus relay shedding ACW service bus.

External Power Overvoltage Protec;on
The BPCU gives protecXon against overvoltage, when AC external power is available and of acceptable quality by sensing the three
individual phase voltages.
The BPCU, when over an overvoltage is detected, open and/or locks out the EPC, SVTR and SVR with an inverse Xme delay.

External Power Undervoltage Protec;on
When AC external power is available and of acceptable quality the BPCU senses the three individual phase voltages.
If the voltage is reducted to, and stays at, or below, 103.5 + 2V AC, aèr 6 + 1 sec., the protecXon circuit operates to open and lock
out EPC, SVTR and SVR.

External Power Overfrequency Protec;on
The overfrequency protecXon circuit operates whenever AC external power is available and of acceptable quality.
This circuit, when operated, opens and locks out EPC, SVTR and SVR.

External power underfrequency protec;on
The underfrequency protecXon circuit, when operated opens and locks out EPC, SVTR and SVR.

External Power Overcurrent Protec;on
Whenever AC external power is available and of acceptable quality, the BPCU gives protecXon against OC in conjuncXon with a three-‐
phase CT.
In the event of OC condiXon the BPCU opens and locks out EPC, SVTR and SVR.

External Power Phase Sequence Protec;on
Phase sequence protecXon circuits prevent closure of the EPC, SVTR and SVR if AC external power source does not have correct phase
sequence.

T1 & T2 ACW BPCU
External Power Open Phase Protec;on
Whenever AC external power is available and of acceptable quality the open phase protecXon circuit conXnuously senses if the voltage
and the current levels in each phase are the same and operates as follows :
-‐ with EPC and SVTR opened and AC external power connected : if one of the three phases is not present, the BPCU prevents the closure
of EPC, SVTR and SVR ;
-‐ with EPC opened, AC external power connected and SVTR closed the BPCU not supplies and locks-‐out the SVTR whenever voltage on
each phases is below 10VAC and simultaneously its current is lower than 26A ;
-‐ with AC external power connected and EPC closed : the BPCU opens and locks out the EPC whenever voltage one each phases is below
10VAC and simultaneously its current is lower than 26A.

T1 & T2 ACW EXTERNAL POWER




. External Receptacle
AC external receptacle, which can be reached through an access door, is installed on the forward secXon of the aircra`.
This receptacle allows the aircra` to be supplied on ground with three phase 400 Hz -‐ 115/200VAC power from a ground power unit. AC
external receptacle has six pins: four for the external power transfer and two (smaller) for its control.

Current Transformer
The three-‐phase current transformer, installed on the external power channel, sends signals to the BPCU for the external power
overload and external power open phase protecXon.
In addiXon it sends other signals to the BPCU for external power current measuring.
ACW BPCU receives, from AC external receptacle and the current transformer, external power quality signals and, monitoring them,
gives control, protecXon, fault detecXons and indicaXons for AC external power system.
D. External Power Contactor
EPC 11XG is controlled by BPCU and, when it is closed, connects the external power to ACW buses 1 and 2, through the BTC's in closed
posiXon.

Opera;on
When a GPU is connected to the AC external receptacle the BPCU controls external power quality (correct voltage, frequency, and
phases sequence) and,
if acceptable, illuminates :
-‐ AC CNCTD indicator light 14XG on AC EXT PWR CTL PNL ;
-‐ AC PWR NOT USED indicator light 12XG on AC EXT PWR CTL PNL ; through EPC 11XG opened and ACW GND SVCE BUS membrane
key(a\endant panel) released ;
-‐ AVAIL legend on EXT PWR pushbu\on switch 10XG (AC WILD ELEC PWR panel).
In this way, with BAT selector switch 7PA in ON posiXon, by pressing EXT PWR pushbu\on switch in ON posiXon the BPCU closes EPC
and BTC's (via the BTC pushbu\on switch released) connecXng ACW buses 1 and 2 to the ground power unit. This operaXon is shown by
the illuminaXon of :
-‐ ON legend on EXT PWR pushbu\on switch ;
-‐ flow bar legend on BTC pushbu\on switch.
.

The BPCU, which controls the AC external power system, is supplied by DC ess bus via BAT selector switch 7PA in ON posiXon and/or
directely by ACW three-‐phase power from AC external power. In addiXon it is possible to supply ACW service bus by ground power unit
pressing ACW GND SVCE BUS membrane key 2MW in ON posiXon.

In addiXon the BPCU allows, only on ground, separate opening control of two BTC's for maintenance purpose. This control operates in
conjuncXon with ELEC/ACW BTC OPNG switch 21XU installed on L maintenance panel 101VU.
On ground, with BTC pushbu\on switch released, the selecXon of switch 21XU of either BTC posiXon allows the BPCU to open the
respecXve BTC only when power is available from external power. The command for opening of both BTC's, transmi\ed to BPCU by
moving BTC pushbu\on switch to pressed posiXon, has priority over any control signal from switch 21XU

T1 & T2 ACW BPCU BITE

T1 & T2 ACW BPCU BITE

T1 & T2 ACW GENERATION


Opera;on
The two ACW generators are connected to their channels by pressing related ACW GEN 1 15XU and 2 16XU pushbu\on switches
installed on AC WILD ELEC PWR panel. In this condiXon GCU circuitries are acXvated and, if all required parameters are within limits,
GC's 5XU and 6XU are closed, connecXng each ACW generator to the proper channel.
In normal condiXon ACW generator 1 1XU supplies(through GC 5XU closed) ACW bus 1 and ACW generator 2 2XU supplies (through GC
6XU closed) ACW bus 2.
The ACW service bus can be supplied by ACW bus 1 pressing the ACW GND SVCE BUS pushbu\on switch 4XX in ON posiXon.

NOTE : With BTC pushbu\on switch 18XU (on AC WILD ELEC PWR panel) released, the BPCU is in standby to close BTC's 7XU and 8XU
and connect ACW bus 1 and 2 together if one generator fails to operate.
If a fault is detected on one channel, the associated GCU opens the related GC and this condiXon is shown by illuminaXon of FAULT
legend on corresponding ACW GEN pushbu\on switch and at the same Xme there is the acXvaXon of crew alerXng system. BPCU 9XG, if
no BTC's lockout condiXon exists, closes two BTC's 7XU and 8XU connecXng ACW BUS 1 or 2 to operaXng ACW generator. The bus-‐Xe is
shown by illuminaXon of flow bar legend on BTC push bu\on switch 18XU.

Whenever an automaXc BTC's lockout occurs, and in spite of BTC pushbu\on switch is released, the ''BUS-‐TIE'' is not possible. Under
this condiXon flow legend is off while ''ACW BUS OFF'' cauXon light (on AC WILD ELEC PWR panel), of the related failed channel, comes
on.
The reset of BTC's and their lockout condiXon is obtained by pressing the BTC pushbu\on switch.

ACW service bus, under this condiXon and with pushbu\on switch 4XX pressed, is shedded by BPCU. The load shedding is shown by
illuminaXon of SHED legend on pushbu\on switch 4XX.
It is possible to connect again ACW BUS 1 or 2 to its channel by pressing related ACW GEN pushbu\on switch.
In this way the system return again in normal condiXon and ACW service bus is again connected to ACW BUS 1 and SHED legend on
pushbu\on switch 4XX is off.

On ground, when AC external power is available and of acceptable quality, each GC is opened and their closure is inhibited by BPCU via
GCU. In this way, by pressing EXT PWR pushbu\on switch 10XG, BPCU closes AC ext power contactor 11XG and BTC's 7XU and 8XU and
allows both AC main buses to be supplied by external power. ACW service bus, under this condiXon, is supplied by ACW BUS 1 only if
pushbu\on switch 4XX is pressed.

T1 & T2 ACW ELECTRICAL POWER PANEL

T1 & T2 ACW SERVICE BUS/ CABIN ATT PANEL

T1 & T2 ACW SERVICE BUS
General
The ACW service bus can be supplied as follows :
-‐ by ACW bus 1 in normal condiXon ;
-‐ by ground power unit (on ground) when AC external power is available and of acceptable quality.
Whenever a fault is detected on one channel of the generators the ACW svce bus is shedded.

Descrip;on
The ACW service bus can be supplied, under ACW BPCU control, through the following relays:
-‐ ACW service bus relay (SVR) ;
-‐ ACW service bus transfer relay (SVTR).



ACW Service Bus Relay
During the normal operaXon, with ACW GND SVCE BUS membrane key 2mw set to ON posiXon, the BPCU closes the ACW service bus
relay 8XX thus connecXng, ACW service bus to ACW bus 1 through ACW service bus transfer relay 2XX in opened posiXon.
ACW Service Bus Transfer Relay
When the ground power unit is connected to AC external receptacle and the external power is of acceptable quality the BPCU, with
ACW GND SVCE BUS membrane key set to ON posiXon, closes ACW svce bus transfer relay 2XX connecXng ACW service bus to the GPU.

Opera;on
Power supply from generators
When two ACW generators operate correctly, by pressing ACW GND SVCE BUS membrane key 2mw in ON posiXon, BPCU closes ACW
service bus relay 8XX and ACW service bus is supplied by ACW bus 1 through ACW service bus transfer relay 2XX in open posiXon.
This operaXon is shown by illuminaXon of the ON legend on ACW GND SVCE BUS membrane key 2mw (ATTENDANT panel).
Each ACW GCU, when detects a fault condiXon, opens the related GC and sends a fault signal to BPCU which opens SVR and shedding
of ACW service bus occurs.
ACW service bus, when is not supplied, does not supply ACW service bus/shed cauXon relay 6XX allowing through this one the
illuminaXon of SHED legend on ACW GND SVCE BUS pushbu\on switch by BPCU (Load shedding). The ON legend on the same
pushbu\on switch unXl this one is pressed comes on too.
When ACW generaXon system goes back to normal condiXon, it is possible to reconnect ACW service bus to ACW bus 1 by pressing
ACW GND SVCE BUS pushbu\on switch.
When the AC external power is available and of acceptable quality, pressing membrane key 2mw in ON posiXon, the BPCU closes ACW
service bus transfer relay 2XX and ACW service bus is directly supplied by GPU.
Immediately ACW service bus/shed cauXon relay is closed and SHED legend on ACW GND SVCE BUS pushbu\on switch is off. ON
legend on the same pushbu\on switch comes on while ACW PWR NOT USED indicator light 12XG (on AC EXT PWR CTL PNL) is off too.
ACW service bus is directly supplied by GPU when EXT PWR pushbu\on switch 10XG is released and external power contactor 11XG is
in opened posiXon.
As soon as EXT PWR pushbu\on switch is pressed BPCU closes EPC and BTC's (via the BTC pushbu\on switch released) connecXng ACW
buses 1 and 2 to the ground power unit.
The BPCU, in such a way, closes SVR and opens SVTR connecXng ACW service bus to ACW bus 1.

T1 & T2 DC MEASURING



General
The DC measuring system gives voltage and current indicaXon by a voltmeter and an ammeter, under a control selector switch. The
two DC instruments and
the selector switch are installed on L maintenance panel 101VU.
The selector switch allows the control of the voltage and current if it is set to each singleDC generaXng source as follows :
-‐ S/G 1 (GEN 1) ;
-‐ S/G 2 (GEN 2) ;
-‐ main ba\ery (main BAT) ;
-‐ emer ba\ery (emer BAT) ;
-‐ DC external power (EXT PWR).

Current indicaXons are given by two Hall effect current sensors (one for channel and installed at to POR) through a separate output.
Another Hall effect current sensor (for external power channel)gives current indicaXons relevant to the DC external power. Voltage
indicaXons, for each channel, are given by the relatedPOR installed at the load end of each generator feeder.
In addiXon an ammeter, with a center zero and installed on MAIN ELEC PWR panel, shows, the charge and discharge current, in true
amperes, of ba\ery selected by BAT SEL switch on the same panel. This measuring occurs through the related charge/discarge shunt
22PA (main Bat) and 39PA (emer Bat) .


T1 & T2 AC & ACW MEASURING

T1 & T2 AC & ACW MEASURING
. General
The AC (constant and wild frequency) measuring system gives the following indicaXons :
-‐ voltage,
-‐ load,
-‐ frequency,
by a voltmeter, a loadmeter and a frequencymeter, under a selector switch control.

The three AC instruments and the selector switch are installed on L maintenance panel 101VU. The selector switch allows the control of
the above menXoned parameters if it is set to each single AC generaXng source as follows :
-‐ ACW Generator 1 (GEN 1) ;
-‐ ACW Generator 2 (GEN 2) ;
-‐ Inverter 1 (INV 1) ;
-‐ Inverter 2 (INV 2) ;
-‐ AC external power (EXT PWR).

Voltage and frequency indicaXons are given directly by each single AC generaXng source always through the selector switch set.
The ACW three-‐phase indicaXons, for the ACW channels, are given by the associated three-‐phase current transformers monitored by
the related GCU.
The ACW three-‐phase indicaXon, for AC external power, is given by the associated three phase current transformer monitored by the
BPCU.
The AC indicaXon, for the AC generaXon, is given by a shunt internal to each Inverter.

T1 & T2

T1 & T2
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AGT-­‐MTM-­‐72

ATR 72 100/ 200 T1 & T2 Course

© AGT- ALL RIGHTS RESERVED- FOR TRAINING ONLY

ATA Chapter 24: ELECTRIC POWER

AGT- Aero Ground Training

General info: P4

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Hall Eﬀect Current Sensors

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The GCU’s are mounted respecXvely on shelves 4

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Power supply from external power

AGT-‐MTM-‐72