This document outlines transcription in prokaryotes. It begins by defining the types and functions of different RNA molecules, including mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, snRNA and miRNA. The process of transcription is then described, where RNA polymerase copies information from DNA into mRNA using the template strand. Key steps in prokaryotic transcription are initiation at a promoter region, elongation as nucleotides are added one by one to the growing mRNA chain, and termination when a stop sequence is reached. Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription are also noted.
This document outlines transcription in prokaryotes. It begins by defining the types and functions of different RNA molecules, including mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, snRNA and miRNA. The process of transcription is then described, where RNA polymerase copies information from DNA into mRNA using the template strand. Key steps in prokaryotic transcription are initiation at a promoter region, elongation as nucleotides are added one by one to the growing mRNA chain, and termination when a stop sequence is reached. Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription are also noted.
Original Description:
Brief idea about transcription concept in simple words
This document outlines transcription in prokaryotes. It begins by defining the types and functions of different RNA molecules, including mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, snRNA and miRNA. The process of transcription is then described, where RNA polymerase copies information from DNA into mRNA using the template strand. Key steps in prokaryotic transcription are initiation at a promoter region, elongation as nucleotides are added one by one to the growing mRNA chain, and termination when a stop sequence is reached. Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription are also noted.
This document outlines transcription in prokaryotes. It begins by defining the types and functions of different RNA molecules, including mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, snRNA and miRNA. The process of transcription is then described, where RNA polymerase copies information from DNA into mRNA using the template strand. Key steps in prokaryotic transcription are initiation at a promoter region, elongation as nucleotides are added one by one to the growing mRNA chain, and termination when a stop sequence is reached. Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription are also noted.
Same as coding strand Transcription in Prokaryotes • RNA polymerase •Core unit – made of 2α,2β and ω subunits which has 5’ 3’ RNA polymerase activity •σ subunit – enables RNA polymerase to recognise promoter region on DNA Steps 1. Initiation 2. Elongation 3. Termination Initiation • Promoter region - These are specific areas in DNA upstream the gene to be transcribed which act as sites of transcription start signals for initiation. TATA box (Pribnow box) -10 region -35 sequence
5’ 3’ Transcription unit A transcription unit is the region of DNA that includes not only the gene for mRNA synthesis, but also the initiator, promoter and the terminator regions. The transcription cycle. The transcription cycle can be described in six steps: (1) Template binding and closed RNA polymerase-promoter complex formation: RNAP binds to DNA and then locates a promoter (P), (2) Open promoter complex formation: once bound to the promoter, RNAP melts the two DNA strands to form an open promoter complex; this complex is also referred to as the pre - initiation complex or PIC. Strand separation allows the polymerase to access the coding information in the template strand of DNA (3) Chain initiation: using the coding information of the template RNAP catalyzes the coupling of the first base (often a purine) to the second, template- directed ribonucleoside triphosphate to form a dinucleotide (in this example forming the dinucleotide 5′ pppApNOH 3′). Transcription bubble (4) Promoter clearance: after RNA chain length reaches ~10–20 nt, the polymerase undergoes a conformational change and then is able to move away from the promoter, transcribing down the transcription unit. The sigma factor should be released from the promoter region, then only it can enter into chain elongation. Until it escapes the promoter region, it is in the stage of ‘Abortive initiation’ where the RNA polymerase sits on promoter region and synthesises small stretches of RNA oligonucleotides.
If it does not get cleared, the transcription becomes aborted.
The transcription cycle.
(5) Chain elongation: Successive residues are added to the 3′-OH
terminus of the nascent RNA molecule until a transcription termination signal (T) is encountered. (6) Chain termination and RNAP release: Upon encountering the transcription termination site RNAP undergoes an additional conformational change that leads to release of the completed RNA chain, the DNA template and RNAP. RNAP can rebind to DNA beginning the promoter search process and the cycle is repeated. Elongation
(Coding strand)
Nucleotide sequence of RNA transcript is same as Coding strand
Palindrome sequences Termination Replication Vs Transcription Answer now…. • Ribonucleotides are used in transcription • U replaces T • Primer is not required • Only the gene is transcribed • No active proofreading Summary of Steps 1. Initiation 1. Template binding and closed complex formation 2. Open complex formation (Preinitiation complex) 3. Chain initiation 4. Promoter clearance 2. Chain elongation 3. Chain termination and RNAP release Thank you
