BS en 14588-2010

BS EN 14588:2010
BSI Standards Publication
Solid biofuels — Terminology,

definitions and descriptions
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BS EN 14588:2010 BRITISH STANDARD
National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14588:2010. It
supersedes DD CEN/TS 14588:2004 which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be
obtained on request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
application.
© BSI 2010
ISBN 978 0 580 70185 6
ICS 01.040.75; 75.160.10
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2010.
Amendments issued since publication
Date Text affected
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BS EN 14588:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 14588

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 2010
ICS 01.040.75; 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 14588:2003
English Version
Solid biofuels - Terminology, definitions and descriptions
Biocomustibles solides - Terminologie, définitions et Feste Biobrennstoffe - Terminologie, Definitionen und

descriptions Beschreibungen
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This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 September 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14588:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. 4
1 Scope .............................................................................................................................................................. 5
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 6
3 Principle .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
4 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 6
Annex A (informative) Translation ........................................................................................................................... 26
Annex B (informative) List of terms defined by CEN/TS 15357:2006 − Solid recovered fuels .......................... 36
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................. 38
Index ........................................................................................................................................................................... 40
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Foreword
This document (EN 14588:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels”, the
secretariat of which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by April 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
April 2011.
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Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TS 14588:2003.
Annex A and Annex B are informative.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

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Introduction
This European Standard has been performed in accordance with ISO 10241 [1]. Beside international standards
(see References) approved national standards and manuals [2], [3], [4], [5] provided the basis of this European
Standard. Moreover, some terms important within specific nations were added to the international terminology
during compilation of this document.
Waste is defined in Article 1(a) of Council Directive 75/442/EEC [6] and some of the given terms fall within this
category. However, sources within the scope of this European Standard are excluded from the scope of
Directive 2000/76/EC ("waste incineration directive") [7]. In this European Standard, instead of the legal definition
waste the technical term residue is used for well-defined side-streams from agricultural, forestry and related
industrial operations. The terms and definitions are harmonised as far as possible with the current language used in
management as well as in regulatory activities.
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1 Scope
This European Standard defines terms concerned in all standardisation work within the scope of CEN/TC 335.
According to CEN/TC 335 this European Standard is applicable to solid biofuels originating from the following
sources:
 products from agriculture and forestry;
 vegetable waste from agriculture and forestry;
 vegetable waste from the food processing industry;
 wood waste, with the exception of wood waste which may contain halogenated organic compounds or heavy
metals as a result of treatment with wood preservatives or coating, and which includes in particular such wood
waste from construction- and demolition waste;
 cork waste;
 fibrous vegetable waste from virgin pulp production and from production of paper from pulp, if it is co-
incinerated at the place of production and heat generated is recovered.
The embedding of the scope within the biomass/biofuel field is given in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — CEN TC 335 within the biomass-biofuel-bioenergy field
NOTE 1 CEN/TC 335 considers that wood waste, including wood waste originating from construction and demolition waste
are included in the scope of CEN/TC 335 and of the scope of the mandate M/298 "solid biofuels", unless they contain
halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals as a result of treatment with wood preservatives or coatings [8].
NOTE 2 There are more terms included within this European Standard as covered by the mandate due to clarification and
differentiation.
NOTE 3 Changes of ownership of the fibrous vegetable waste between paper and pulp company and the operator of the co-
incineration plant in which the waste is used does not affect the inclusion of the waste in the scope of mandate M/298.
Other standards with a different scope than this European Standard can have different definitions than this
standard.
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2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
Not applicable.
3 Principle
Solid biofuels are produced from different sources, which are defined within the scope of CEN TC 335 “Solid
biofuels”. Terms and definitions are categorised in a logical structure based on the fact that solid biofuels are
produced from different sources and that the purpose of solid biofuels is the conversion into bioenergy:
 the sources of solid biofuels cover the initial location of the input material (biomass) in the economic and
environmental cycles (like forest wood, energy forest trees, logging residues, landscape management
residues, etc.);
 the description of the solid biofuels itself as well as their handling, which covers the source and origin of the
biofuel given in the same structure as the biomass sources (e.g. wood fuels, forest fuels), the different forms of
biofuels produced within the preparation process (i.e. chipped biofuels, bundled biofuels), the most relevant
biofuel properties (e.g. total moisture, total ash), and terms of sampling and testing as well as classification
and specification;
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 bioenergy as the result of biofuel conversion.
Appropriate terms for sampling and testing as well as classification and specification of properties have to be
defined and described together with the category source/origin, forms and properties of solid biofuels. The structure
of this European Standard (Table 1) is based on the classification system of solid biofuels given in [9], in which the
classification of solid biofuels is specified more detailed.
Table 1 — Structure of the terms [9]

Sources of biofuels Woody biomass
Herbaceous biomass
Fruit biomass
Biomass blends and mixtures
Solid biofuels Source/origin
Traded forms
Sampling and testing
Properties
Classification and specification
Bioenergy
4 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE Many terms defined within this document are also used in the standardisation work of CEN/TC 343, especially in
prEN 15357, Solid recovered fuels ― Terminology, definitions and descriptions. Therefore, an informative list of terms defined
by prEN 15357 is given in Annex B.
4.1
additive
material which improves quality of fuel (e.g. combustion properties), reduces emissions or make production more
efficient

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4.2
agricultural residues
biomass residues originating from production, harvesting, and processing in farm areas
NOTE See also crop production residues.
4.3
agrofuels
biofuels obtained as a product of energy crops and/or agricultural residues
NOTE Adapted from FAO unified bioenergy terminology (UBET) [10].
4.4
air dried basis
condition in which the solid biofuel is in equilibrium with the atmospheric humidity
[Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992]
4.5
animal husbandry residues
agricultural residues originating from livestock keeping
NOTE 1 It includes among others solid excreta of animals.
NOTE 2 Animal husbandry residues are not included in the scope of CEN/TC 335. The term is included for information only.
4.6
as analysed
determined basis
condition in which the moisture content of the solid biofuel is the content at the moment of analysis/determination
4.7
as received basis
as received
as delivered
calculation basis for material at delivery
4.8
ash
solid mineral residue obtained from a complete fuel combustion
NOTE Depending on the combustion efficiency the ash may contain combustibles.
4.9
ash deformation temperature
DT
temperature at which the first signs of rounding of the edges of the test pieces occurs due to melting
4.10
ash flow temperature
FT
temperature at which the ash is spread out over the supporting tile in a layer, the height of which is one-third of the
height of the test piece at the ash hemisphere temperature
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4.11
ash fusibility
ash melting behaviour
characteristic physical state of the ash obtained by heating under specific conditions
NOTE 1 Ash fusibility is determined under either oxidizing or reducing conditions.
NOTE 2 See also ash deformation temperature, ash flow temperature, ash hemisphere temperature, and ash sphere
temperature.
4.12
ash hemisphere temperature
HT
temperature at which the test piece forms approximately a hemisphere, i.e. when the height becomes equal to half
the base diameter
4.13
ash sphere temperature
ST
temperature at which shrinking of the test piece occurs
NOTE This temperature is defined as when the area of the piece falls below 95 % of the original test piece area at 550°.
4.14
baled biofuel
bale
solid biofuel which has been compressed and bound to keep its shape and density
EXAMPLES Straw bales, bales of energy grass, bales of treetops and branches.
4.15
bark
organic cellular tissue which is formed by taller plants (trees, bushes) on the outside of the growth zone (cambium)
as a shell for the wooden body
4.16
basis/bases
convention on measuring quantity
4.17
basic density
ratio of the mass on dry basis and the solid volume on green basis
4.18
bioenergy
energy from biomass
4.19
biofuel
fuel produced directly or indirectly from biomass
4.20
biofuel blend
biofuel resulting from intentionally mixing of different biofuels
EXAMPLES Straw or energy grass with wood, dried biosludge with bark.
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4.21
biofuel briquette
densified biofuel made with or without additives in the form of cubiform, polyedric or cylindrical units, produced by
compressing pulverised biomass
NOTE 1 The raw material for briquettes can be woody biomass, herbaceous biomass, fruit biomass and biomass blends, and
biomass mixtures.
NOTE 2 Biofuel briquettes are usually manufactured in a piston press. The total moisture of the biofuel briquette is usually
less than 15 % of mass as received.
NOTE 3 Biofuel briquettes for non industrial use are specified in prEN 14961-3.
4.22
biofuel mixture
biofuel resulting from natural or unintentional mixing of different biofuels and/or different types of biomass
4.23
biofuel pellet
densified biofuel made from pulverised biomass with or without additives usually with a cylindrical form, random
length typically 3,15 mm to 40 mm, and broken ends
NOTE The raw material for biofuel pellets can be woody biomass, herbaceous biomass, fruit biomass, or biomass blends
and mixtures. They are usually manufactured in a die. The total moisture of biofuel pellets is usually less than 10 % of mass as
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received.
[Adapted from prEN 14961-2:2010]
4.24
biomass
from a scientific and technical point of view, material of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological
formations and/or transformed to fossil
NOTE 1 Biomass is defined in legal documents in many different ways according to the scope and goal of the respective
documents (e.g. Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Parliament and the Council; Commission Decision (2007/589/EC) of 18
July 2007). This definition does not contradict legal definitions.
NOTE 2 See also herbaceous biomass, fruit biomass, and woody biomass.
4.25
biomass residues
biomass originating from well defined side-streams from agricultural, forestry and related industrial operations
NOTE Adapted from the proposal within the Draft CEN Report Solid Recovered Fuels [11].
4.26
biomass resource owner
body or enterprise with the right to exploit the biomass resources for energy purposes
NOTE The biomass resource owner can be a land or forest owner, a company, etc.
4.27
biosludge
sludge formed in the aeration basin during biological waste water treatment or biological treatment process and
separated by sedimentation or flotation
NOTE Biosludges are not included in the scope of CEN/TC 335. The term is included for information only.

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4.28
black liquor
liquor obtained from wood during the process of pulp production, in which the energy content is mainly originating
from the content of lignin removed from the wood in the pulping process
NOTE Black liquor is not included in the scope of CEN/TC 335. The term is included for information only.
4.29
bridging
arching
tendency of particles to form a stable arch across an opening and hindering flow
NOTE Adapted to Woodcock and Mason. Bulk Solids Handling [12].
4.30
bulk density
mass of a portion of a solid fuel divided by the volume of the container which is filled by that portion under specific
conditions
4.31
bulk volume, loose volume
volume of a material including space between the particles
4.32
bundled biofuel, bundle
solid biofuels which has been bound together and where there is a lengthwise orientation of the material
EXAMPLES Bundles of energy forest trees and logging residues, small trees, or branches and tops.
4.33
calorific value
heating value
q
energy amount per unit mass or volume released on complete combustion
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NOTE See also gross calorific value, energy density, net calorific value, and net calorific value as received.
4.34
cereal crops
annual crops grown with the main purpose to use the seed for food production
NOTE Some cereal crops can be used as a solid biofuel.
EXAMPLES Barley, wheat, rye, oat.
4.35
char
solid partially or non-agglomerated carbonaceous material produced by pyrolysis of solid fuels
4.36
chemical treatment
treatment with chemicals other than air, water or heat (e.g. glue and paint)
4.37
chopped straw
straw which has been cut into small pieces

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4.38
chunkwood
wood cut or brooken with sharp cutting devices in which most of the material has a typical particle length,
substantially longer and more coarse than wood chips
NOTE Chunkwood has a typical length of 50 mm to 150 mm.
4.39
combined sample
sample consisting of all the increments taken from a sub-lot
NOTE The increments may be reduced by division before being added to the combined sample.
4.40
common sample
sample collected for more than one intended use
[Adapted from ISO 13909:2001]
4.41
complete tree
harvested tree, including limbs and root system
NOTE See also whole tree.
4.42
contamination
make impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance to a fuel
4.43
cork residues
biomass residues from cork production
4.44
critical control point
point within or between processes at which relevant properties can be most readily assessed
NOTE Critical control points also offer the greatest potential for quality improvement.
4.45
crop production residues
agricultural residues originating from crop production, harvesting, and processing in farm areas
NOTE It includes among others wood, straw, stalks, and husks.
4.46
cross-cut ends
short pieces of woody biomass which occur when the ends of logs or sawn timber are cross cut off, with or without
bark
4.47
customer
client
organization or person that receives a product
[Adapted from EN ISO 9000:2005]
4.48
cut biofuel
solid biofuel cut into pieces
NOTE See also chunkwood, firewood, chopped straw, and smallwood.

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4.49
cutter chips
wood chips made as a by-product of the wood processing industry, with or without bark
4.50
delivery agreement
contract for fuel trade, which specifies e.g. origin and source, quality and quantity of the fuel, as well as delivery
terms
4.51
delivery lot
solid biofuel batch on which the essential quality requirements for solid biofuel are focused
NOTE 1 The delivery lot can be an individual delivery lot, which is an agreed quantity of solid biofuel (e.g. a package,
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shipload or truck load), or continuous delivery, where several loads are delivered to the end-user during an agreed period of
time (usually daily or weekly delivery).
NOTE 2 In continuous delivery, the delivery lot is the amount of solid biofuel delivered during a specified period of time, e.g.
3
24 h, unless otherwise agreed by supplier and end-user. If the delivery lot in continuous delivery is more than 1 500 m –
3
2 000 m in 24 h, it is recommended that it should be divided into two or more individual lots.
4.52
demolition wood
used wood arising from demolition of buildings or civil engineering installations
[Adapted from EN 13965-1:2004]
4.53
densified biofuel
compressed biofuel
solid biofuel made by mechanically compressing biomass to increase its density and to mould the solid biofuel into
a specific size and shape such as cubes, pressed logs, biofuel pellets or biofuel briquettes
NOTE See also biofuel briquette and biofuel pellets.
4.54
density
ratio of mass to volume
NOTE 1 It will always be stated whether the density refers to the density of individual particles or to the bulk density of the
material and whether the mass of water in the material is included.
NOTE 2 See also basic density, bulk density and particle density.
4.55
dry ash free
dry ash free basis
calculation basis in which the solid fuel is free from moisture and inorganic matter
4.56
dry
dry basis
calculation basis in which the solid fuel is free from moisture
4.57
dry matter
material after removal of moisture under specific conditions

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4.58
dry matter content
portion of dry matter in the total material on mass basis
NOTE Expressed as a percentage of the total mass of the solid biofuel.
4.59
edgings
parts of woody biomass which occur when trimming sawn timber and which show a remainder of the original
rounded surface of the tree, with or without bark
4.60
end-user
consumer (private person, enterprise, utility, etc.) using fuel for energy purposes
4.61
energy crops, fuel crops
woody or herbaceous crops grown specifically for their fuel value
NOTE 1 See also energy forest trees, energy grass, energy plantation trees.
NOTE 2 Fuel crops is a not recommended synonym.
4.62
energy density
ratio of net energy content and bulk volume
NOTE The energy density is calculated using the net calorific value determined and the bulk density.
4.63
energy forest trees
woody biomass grown specifically for its fuel value in medium to long rotation forestry
4.64
energy grain
grain used for energy purpose
4.65
energy grass
fuel grass
endogenous plants having simple leaves grown specifically for their fuel value
NOTE 1 Belong to the group of herbaceous biomass.
EXAMPLES Sugarcane, Miscanthus, Reed canary grass.
NOTE 2 Fuel grass is a not recommended synonym.
4.66
energy plantation trees
woody biomass grown as short rotation trees specifically for its fuel value
4.67
extraneous ash
ash from contaminants entering the material at harvest, logging, treatment, transport, storage, etc.
4.68
fibreboard residues
woody biomass residues from the fibreboard industry
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4.69
fibre sludge
sludge formed in the sedimentation basin as a part of the waste water treatment process in a pulp and paper mill
and separated by sedimentation or flotation
NOTE The main component is pieces of wood fibres. The sludge can be dewatered and further processed into a solid
biofuel.
4.70
firewood
cut and sometimes split oven-ready fuelwood used in household wood burning appliances like stoves, fireplaces
and central heating systems
NOTE Firewood usually has a uniform length, typically in the range of 150 mm to 1 000 mm.
4.71
fixed carbon
remainder after the percentage of total moisture, ash, and volatile matter are subtracted from 100
4.72
flowability
ability of a bulk solid to flow
NOTE See also bridging.
4.73
food processing industry residues
biomass residues originating from the food processing industry
NOTE 1 It includes among others bone meal, press cake from juice production.
NOTE 2 Food processing industry residues are only partly within the scope of CEN/TC 335. Bone meal is e.g. not included.
4.74
foreign material
impurities
material other than claimed, which has contaminated the fuel
4.75
forest chips
forest wood in the form of wood chips
4.76
forest fuels
wood fuel produced where the raw material has not previously had another use
NOTE Forest fuel is produced directly from forest wood by a mechanical process.
4.77
forest and plantation wood
woody biomass from forests and/or tree plantations
NOTE See also complete tree, energy forest trees, energy plantation trees, logging residues, thinning residues, tree
section, and whole tree.
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4.78
fruit biomass
biomass from the parts of a plant which hold seeds
EXAMPLES Nuts, olives.
4.79
fuel
energy carrier intended for energy conversion
NOTE 1 Fuels are solid, liquid or gaseous.
NOTE 2 Fuels can originate from biomass amongst others.

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4.80
fuel classification
division of fuels into defined fuel classes
NOTE The aim of classification can be to describe the fuel and/or to physically separate certain particle types.
4.81
fuel dust
pulverised fuel with a typical particle size of 1 mm to 5 mm
EXAMPLES Saw dust, straw dust.
4.82
fuel powder
fuel flour
pulverised fuel with a typical particle size less than 1 mm
EXAMPLES Wood powder, wood flour, straw powder.
4.83
fuel product declaration
document dated and signed by the producer/supplier to the retailer or end-user, specifying origin and source,
traded form and properties of defined lot
4.84
fuel specification
document stating the requirements of the fuel
4.85
fuelwood
energy wood
wood fuel where the original composition of the wood is preserved
NOTE Adapted from FAO unified bioenergy terminology (UBET) [10].
4.86
general analysis sample
sub-sample of a laboratory sample having a nominal top size of 1 mm or less and used for a number of chemical
and physical analyses
4.87
green basis
condition based on fresh material at specific total moisture
4.88
green chips
wood chips made of fresh logging and thinning residues, including branches and tops

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4.89
grinding dust
dust-like wood residue formed in grinding timber and wood boards
4.90
gross calorific value
qgr
measured value of the specific energy of combustion for unit mass of a fuel burned in oxygen in calorimetric bomb
under the conditions specified
NOTE 1 The result of combustion are assumed to consist of gaseous, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide,
of liquid water (in equilibrium with its vapour) saturated with carbon dioxide under conditions of the bomb reaction, and of solid
ash, all at the reference temperature and at constant volume.
NOTE 2 Old term is "higher heating value".
4.91
gross density
ratio of the mass of a wooden body and its volume, including all cavities (pores and vessels), based on specific
total moisture
4.92
herbaceous biomass
biomass from plants that has a non-woody stem and which dies back at the end of the growing season
NOTE 1 See also energy grass.
NOTE 2 Adapted from BioTech’s Life Science Dictionary [13].
4.93
herbaceous fuels
all types of biofuels originating from herbaceous biomass
4.94
hog fuel
fuelwood in the form of pieces of varying size and shape, produced by crushing with blunt tools such as rollers,
hammers, or flails
4.95
horticultural residues
biomass residues originating from production, harvesting, and processing in horticulture including greenhouses
4.96
impurities
material other than the fuel itself
NOTE Examples of impurities for biofuels are stones, soil, pieces of metal, plastics, rope, ice and snow.
4.97
increment
portion of fuel extracted in a single operation of the sampling device
4.98
inorganic matter
non-combustible fraction of dry matter
4.99
laboratory sample
sample sent to or received by the laboratory
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4.100
landscape management residues
residues of woody, herbaceous and fruit biomass originating from landscape, park, and cemetery management
NOTE It includes among others grass, hay, branches from landscape trees, road side green, and/or wood from shrubs.
4.101
log wood
cut fuelwood in which most of the material has a length of 200 mm and above
4.102
logging residues
woody biomass residues which are created during timber harvesting
NOTE Logging residues include tree tops with branches and they can be salvaged fresh or after seasoning.
4.103
lot
defined quantity of fuel for which the quality is to be determined
NOTE See also sub-lot.
4.104
major elements
elements in the fuel that predominantly will constitute the ash; including aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe),
magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), silicon (Si) sodium (Na) and titanium (Ti)
4.105
mass-reduction
reduction of the mass of a sample or sub-sample
4.106
mechanical durability
ability of densified fuel units (e.g. briquettes, pellets) to remain intact, e.g. abrasion and shocks during handling and
transport
4.107
minor elements
trace elements
elements in the fuel being presented only at small concentrations
NOTE 1 The term "trace elements" is often used synonymous to minor elements; if the elements are metal, the term "trace
metals" is also used.
NOTE 2 Concerning solid biofuels, minor elements in general speech is regarded to include the metals arsenic (As),
cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb),
tin (Sn), vanadium (V) and zinc(Zn).
4.108
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moisture
water in a fuel
NOTE See also total moisture and moisture analysis sample.
4.109
moisture analysis sample
sample taken specifically for the purpose of determining total moisture

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4.110
natural ash
ash of uncontaminated solid biofuel
4.111
net calorific value
qnet
calculated value of the specific energy of combustion for unit mass of a fuel burned in oxygen at constant pressure
under such conditions that all the water of the reaction products remain as water vapour (at 0,1 MPa) and the other
products being as for the gross calorific value, all at the reference temperature
NOTE 1 The net calorific value can be calculated at constant pressure or at constant volume. The net calorific value at
constant pressure is however the generally used.
NOTE 2 Old term is "lower heating value".
4.112
nominal top size
aperture size of the sieve used in the CEN method for determining the particle size distribution of solid fuels
through which at least 95 % by mass of the material passes
4.113
operator
body or enterprise which is responsible for one or several activities in the fuel supply chain
NOTE 1 The operator can be, for example, a biofuel producer or a subcontractor to the biofuel supplier.
NOTE 2 The first operator is a body or an enterprise which operates at the beginning of the supply chain.
4.114
organic matter
combustible fraction of dry matter
4.115
oscillating screen classifier
device containing one or multiple oscillating (flat) screens used to separate material into size classes for calculation
of particles size distribution
4.116
oven dry wood
wood free of moisture, produced by drying to constant weight under specific conditions
4.117
over size particles
particles exceeding a specific particle size
4.118
particle
discrete unit of matter
4.119
particleboard residues
woody biomass residues from the particleboard industry
4.120
particle density
density of a single particle
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18
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)
4.121
particle size
size of the fuel particles as determined
NOTE 1 Different methods of determination may give different results.
NOTE 2 See also particle size distribution, fine particles and over size particles.
4.122
particle size distribution
proportions of various particle sizes in a solid fuel
4.123
plywood residues
woody biomass residues formed in plywood industry
4.124
point of delivery
location specified in the delivery agreement, at which the proprietary rights of and responsibilities for a fuel lot are
transferred from one organization or unit to another
4.125
pressing aid
additive used for enhancing the production of densified fuels
4.126
producer
organization or unit responsible for the production of the fuel
NOTE 1 The producer can be responsible for any operation with the purpose of changing the biofuel properties.
NOTE 2 The producer can also be the supplier of the fuel.

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4.127
proximate analysis
analysis of a solid fuel reported in terms of ash, total moisture, volatile matter and fixed carbon measured at
specified conditions
4.128
pulverised fuel
solid fuel in the form of dust and powder, produced by milling or grinding
NOTE See also fuel dust and fuel powder.
4.129
quality
degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements
4.130
quality assurance
part of quality management, focused on providing confidence that the quality requirements will be fulfilled

19
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)
4.131
quality control
part of quality management, focused on fulfilling the quality requirements
4.132
recovered construction wood
used wood arising from construction of buildings or from civil engineering works
[Adapted from EN 13965-1:2004]
4.133
repeatability
precision under conditions where independent test results are obtained with the same method on representative
portions taken from the same test sample material in the same laboratory
4.134
reproducibility
precision under conditions where test results are obtained with the same method on representative portions taken
from the same test sample material in different laboratories with different operators using different equipment
4.135
retailer
supplier of (usually packaged) fuels in (small) quantities to end-user
NOTE Retailers are usually suppliers to the private household consumers.
4.136
rotary screen
device with cylindrical screens used to separate material into size classes for calculation of particle size distribution
4.137
sample
quantity of material, representative of a larger quantity for which the quality is to be determined
NOTE See also combined sample, common sample, general analysis sample, increment, laboratory sample, moisture
analysis sample, size analysis sample, and sub-sample.
4.138
sample preparation
actions taken to obtain representative laboratory samples or test portions from the original sample
4.139
sampling
process of drawing or constituting a sample
[ISO 3534-1:1993]
4.140
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sampling form
document that should be used during the sampling to record data on the way in which the sampling is actually
being carried out

20
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)
4.141
sampling plan
predetermined procedure for the selection, withdrawal, preservation, transportation and preparation of the portions
to be removed from a population as a sample
[ISO 11074-2:1998]
4.142
sampling record
report which serves as a check list and provides the investigator with all necessary information about the sampling
techniques applied at the site and any additional important information
[ISO 11074-2:1998]
4.143
sample size reduction
size reduction
reduction of the nominal top size of a sample or sub-sample
4.144
sawdust
fine particles created when sawing wood
NOTE Most of the material has a typical particle length of 1 mm to 5 mm.
4.145
short rotation trees
woody biomass grown as a raw material and/or for its energy value in short rotation forests
4.146
shredded biofuel
solid biofuel which has been mechanically treated into smaller pieces by blunt tools
EXAMPLES Shredded straw, shredded bark, hog fuel.
4.147
size analysis sample
sample taken specifically for the purpose of determining particle size distribution
4.148
slabs
parts of woody biomass created when cuts are made into the edges of logs and whereby one side shows the
original rounded surface of the tree, either completely or partially, with or without bark
4.149
smallwood
fuelwood cut with sharp cutting devices and in which most of the material has a particle length typically 50 mm to
500 mm
EXAMPLES Chunkwood, firewood.
4.150
solid biofuel
solid fuel produced directly or indirectly from biomass
4.151
solid volume
volume of individual particles
NOTE Typically determined by a fluid displaced by a specific amount of material.
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21
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)
4.152
stacked volume
volume of a determined stacked material including the space between the material pieces
4.153
stemwood
part of tree stem with the branches removed
4.154
stemwood chips
wood chips made of stemwood, with or without bark
4.155
stump
part of the tree stem below the felling cut
NOTE 1 In complete tree utilisation the root system is included in the stump.
NOTE 2 Adapted from Swedish Forestry Vocabulary, TNC 96 [14].
4.156
sub-lot
part of a lot for which a test result is required
4.157
sub-sample
portion of a sample
4.158
supplier
organization or person that provides a product
NOTE One supplier may deliver to the end-user directly and take responsibility for fuel deliveries from several producers as
well as delivery to the end-user.
4.159
supply chain
overall process of handling and processing raw materials to the point of delivery to the end-user
4.160
test portion
sub-sample either of a laboratory sample or a test sample
4.161
test sample
laboratory sample after an appropriate preparation made by the laboratory
4.162
thinning residues
woody biomass residues originating from thinning operations
4.163
total ash
ash content
mass fraction of the inorganic residue remaining after complete combustion of a fuel under specified conditions,
typically expressed as a percentage of the mass of dry matter in fuel
NOTE See also extraneous ash and natural ash.

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22
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)
4.164
total carbon (C)
content of carbon within moisture free fuel
4.165
total chlorine (Cl)
content of chlorine within moisture free fuel
4.166
total hydrogen (H)
content of hydrogen within moisture free fuel (dry basis)
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
4.167
total mass
mass of all components of the solid fuel, including dry matter and moisture
4.168
total moisture
moisture content
MT
moisture in fuel removable under specific conditions
NOTE Indicate reference (dry matter / dry basis, or total mass / wet basis) to avoid confusion.
4.169
total nitrogen (N)
content of nitrogen within moisture free fuel
4.170
total oxygen (O)
content of oxygen within moisture free fuel (dry basis)
NOTE For solid biofuels the amount of total oxygen is generally calculated as the remaining portion in the dry fuel from the
sum of the total ash, the total carbon, the total hydrogen, the total nitrogen, the total sulphur and the total chlorine in the dry fuel.
4.171
total sulphur (S)
content of sulphur within moisture free fuel
4.172
tree section
part of a tree (with branches) which has been cut into suitable length but not processed
NOTE Tree sections can be processed for example to pulpwood or forest fuel.
4.173
ultimate analysis
elementary analysis
analysis of a fuel reported in terms of its total carbon, total hydrogen, total nitrogen, and total sulphur measured at
specified conditions and total oxygen calculated by formula

23
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)
4.174
used wood
wood substances or objects which have performed their intended purpose
NOTE 1 See also recovered construction wood and demolition wood.
NOTE 2 Proposal within the Draft CEN Report Solid Recovered Fuels [11].
4.175
viscose residues
residues from viscose production and processing in which cellulose of wood pulp is treated with high
concentrations of sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide and then dissolved in sodium hydroxide forming a thick
solution called viscose
4.176
volatile matter
mass loss, corrected for moisture, when a fuel is heated out of contact with air under specific conditions
4.177
volume
amount of space that is enclosed within an object
NOTE 1 It will always be stated whether the volume refers to the solid volume of individual particles, the bulk volume, or the
stacked volume of the material and whether the mass of moisture in the material is included.
NOTE 2 See also bulk volume, solid volume, and stacked volume.
4.178
water soluble content
amount of an element which can be extracted with water using a specified extraction procedure
4.179
wet basis
basis to which a test result is related in the case where the solid fuel contains moisture
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
4.180
whole tree
felled, undelimbed tree, excluding root system
4.181
whole-tree chips
wood chips made of whole trees
EXAMPLE Wood chips containing stems with bark, branches, needles/leaves.
4.182
wood chips
chipped woody biomass in the form of pieces with a defined particle size produced by mechanical treatment with
sharp tools such as knives
NOTE 1 Wood chips have a subrectangular shape with a typical length 5 mm to 50 mm and a low thickness compared to
other dimensions.
NOTE 2 See also cutter chips, forest chips, green chips, stemwood chips, and whole-tree chips.

24
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)
4.183
wood fuels
wood based fuels
wood-derived biofuels
all types of biofuels originating directly or indirectly from woody biomass
NOTE 1 Adapted from FAO unified bioenergy terminology (UBET) [10].
NOTE 2 See also fuelwood, forest fuels, and black liquor.
4.184
wood processing industry by-products and residues
woody biomass residues originating from the wood processing as well as the pulp and paper industry
NOTE See also bark, cork residues, cross-cut ends, edgings, fibreboard residues, fibre sluge, grinding dust, particleboard
residues, plywood residues, saw dust, slabs, and wood shavings.
4.185
wood shavings
cutter shavings
shavings from woody biomass created when planing wood
4.186
woody biomass
biomass from trees, bushes and shrubs
NOTE This definition includes forest and plantation wood, wood processing industry by-products and residues, and used
wood.
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25
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)
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Annex A
(informative)
Translation
English French German Spanish Danish Dutch Finnish Norwegian Swedish

1 additive additif Additiv aditivo additiv Additief lisäaine tillsats
2 agricultural residues Sous-produits landwirtschaftliche Residuos agrícolas Restprodukter fra reststoffen uit de maatalouden Jordbruksrester biomasserester från
agricoles Nebenprodukte Landbruget landbouw tähteet jordbruk
3 Agrofuels Agro-combustibles landwirtschaftlicheAgrocombustibles, Brændsler af agrobrandstoffen maataloudessa Agrobrensel agrobränslen
Biobrennstoffe combustibles Landbrugsprodukter syntyvät
agrícolas biopolttoaineet
4 air dried basis séché à l’air lufttrocken Secado al aire lufttørret Lucht gedroogd ilmakuiva
5 animal husbandry résidus de l’élevage Rückstände aus der Residuos del Restprodukter fra reststoffen uit de karjatalouden biomasserester från
residues Tierhaltung ganado doméstico dyrehold veeteelt tähteet djurhållning
6 as analysed tel que wie analysiert / Base según se som analyseret Als geanalyseerd/ analysoitu
Not for Resale
/determined basis analyse/base Untersuchungsbasis analiza/determina bepaald op basis /määritetty

determine van
7 as received; as tel que reçu im Anlieferungszu- Según se recibe som modtaget Als ontvangen saapumistilassa
delivered stand; im
Lieferzustand; wie
geliefert
8 ash Cendre Asche Ceniza Aske As tuhka Aske aska
9 ash deformation Température de Ascheerweichungs- Temperatura de Aske blødgørings- asverwekings- tuhkan Askesmeltings- askans initiala
temperature déformation de la temperatur deformación de temperatur temperatuur pehmenemis- forløp deformationstemper
cendre ceniza lämpötila atur
10 ash flow Température de Aschefließtempera- Temperatura fluida Aske as-vloeitemperatuur tuhkan askans
temperature fluidité de la cendre tur de ceniza flydetemperatur juoksevuuslämpötila flyttemperatur
11 ash fusibility; ash Fusibilité de la Ascheschmelzver- Fusibilidad de Aske smelteforløb assmeltbaarheid, tuhkan askans
melting behaviour cendre halten ceniza, as-smeltgedrag sulamiskäyttäyty- smältningsförlopp
comportamiento de minen
fusión de ceniza
12 ash hemisphere Température hémi- Aschehalbkugel- Temperatura de Aske halvkugle as-halveboltempe- tuhkan askans
temperature sphèrique de fusion temperatur hemisfera de ceniza temperature ratuur puolipallolämpötila halvsfärstemperatur
de la cendre
13 ash sphere Température sphéri- Aschekugel- Temperatura de Aske sfærisk as-boltemperatuur tuhkan askans mjuknings-
temperature que de fusion de la temperatur esfera de ceniza temperature pallolämpötila temperatur
cendre
14 baled biofuel; bale Biocombustible Biobrennstoffe in Biocombustible Biobrændsler i biobrandstof in paalattu Biobreselballer balat biobränsle
conditionné en balle Ballenform; empacado baller balen biopolttoaine
Biobrennstoff in
Ballen
26
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)

15 bark Ecorce Rinde Corteza Bark Schors kuori Bark bark
16 basis/bases Base/bases Bezugsbasis base/bases basis Basis laskentaperuste basis
17 basic density Densité basale erntefrische Densidad básica Tørfylde kuiva-tuoretiheys Basisdensitet torr-rådensitet
Trockendichte
18 bioenergy Bio-énergie Bioenergie Bioenergía Bioenergi bio-energie bioenergia Bioenergi bioenergi
19 biofuel Biocombustible Biobrennstoff; Biocombustible Biobrændsel biobrandstof biopolttoaine Biobrensel biobränsle
biogener Brennstoff
20 biofuel blend Assortiment de definierte Mischung Mezcla Biobrændselsblan- biobrandstof-blend polttoainesekoite Biobrenselblan-ding (medvetet) blandat
biocombustible unterschiedlicher intencionada de ding (seossuhde (bestemt) biobränsle
Biobrennstoffe biocombustible tiedetään)
21 biofuel briquette Briquette de Biobrennstoffbrikett Briqueta de Biobrændsel biobrandstof-briket biopolttoainebriketti Brenselbriketter biobränslebrikett
biocombustible biocombustible brikette
22 biofuel mixture Mélange de undefinierte Mezcla controlada Blandet biobrandstof- biopolttoaineseos Biobrenselblan-ding (naturligt/
biocombustible Mischung de biocombustibles biobrændsel mengsel (ubestemt) omedvetet) blandat
unterschiedlicher biobränsle
Biobrennstoffe
23 biofuel pellet Granulès de Biobrennstoffpellet Pélet de Biobrændsel pille biobrandstof-pellet biopolttoainepelletti Brenselpelletter biobränslepellets
biocombustible biocombustible
24 biomass Biomasse Biomasse Biomasa Biomasse biomassa biomassa Biomasse biomassa
Not for Resale
25 biomass residues Sous-produit de biogene Residuos de Biomasse biomassareststoffen biomassatähteet Biomasserester biomasserester
transformation de la Rückstände biomasa biprodukter
biomasse
26 biomass resource détenteur de la „Besitzer von Bio- Propietario del bezitter van biomassavarojen
owner resource en masse- recurso de biomasa biomassa omistaja
biomasse Ressourcen“;
Besitzer von
biogenen
Ressourcen
27 biosludge Boue biologique organische Lodo biológico Bioslam bio-slib bioliete Bioslam bioslam
Schlämme
28 black liquor Liqueur noire Schwarzlauge / Lejía negra Sort lud black liquor mustalipeä Svartlut svartlut
Zellstoffablauge
29 bridging; arching pontage, voûtage Brückenbildung Puenteado, Brodannelse brugvorming holvaantuminen valvbildning,
arqueado, bryggbildning
abovedamiento,
arqueamiento
30 bulk density Masse volumique Schüttdichte Densidad a granel o Rumvægt stortdichtheid irtotiheys Bulkdensitet skrymdensitet
apparente de pila
31 bulk volume, loose Volume apparent Volumen von Volumen a granel o Rummeter stortvolume irtotilavuus Bulkvolum skrymvolym
volume Schüttgütern de pila, volumen
(Schüttraummeter) suelto
32 bundled biofuel, Fagot de gebündelte Fardo de Bundtet gebundelde sidottu Biobrenselbunter buntat biobränsle
bundle biocombustible Biobrennstoffe, biocombustible, biobrændsel biobrandstof; bundel biopolttoaine, nippu
Bündel biocombustible
enfardado
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27
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)

33 calorific value, Pouvoir calorifique Energieinhalt, Poder calorífico Brændværdi calorische waarde, lämpöarvo brennverdi värmevärde
heating value Energiewert verbrandingswaarde
34 cereal crops Cultures céréalières Getreide cultivos de cereal kornafgrøder graangewassen viljalajit spannmål, säd
35 char charbon Kohle Residuo carbonoso Koks kool jäännöshiili kol, kolrest, kol från
biomassa
36 chemical treatment traitement chimique chemische Tratamiento quimico kemisk behandling Chemische kemiallinen käsittely
Behandlung behandeling
37 chopped straw Paille hachée gehäckseltes Stroh, Paja picada Snittet halm versnipperd stro silputtu olki Halmhakk hackad halm
Strohhäcksel
38 chunkwood Broyat / fragment de Grobhackschnitzel Trozo de madera Chunk houtbrokken palahake,pieni pilke Knott knubbved
bois
39 combined sample échantillon combiné Gesamtprobe Muestra combinada Råprøve verzamelmonster kokoomanäyte samlingsprov
40 common sample échantillon commun “allgemeine” Probe Muestra simple, Fællesprøve gemeenschappelijk yleisnäyte prov för olika
muestra ordinaria monster analyser
41 complete tree Arbre entier incluant “Ganzbaum” Árbol completo, Heltræ med rødder complete boom kokopuu juurakko Helträd
les racines Biomasse árbol entero mukaan lukien
42 contamination contamination Kontamination contaminación forurening Verontreiniging saastuminen /
likaantuminen
43 cork residues Sous-produits du Korkrückstände Residuos de corcho Kork restprodukter Kurkresten korkkijäte Korkrester korkrester
liège
44 critical control point Point critique de kritischer Punto crίtico de kritisk kontrol punkt krittinen
Not for Resale
contrôle (Steuerungs) control tarkkailupiste

Kontrollpunkt
45 crop production culées et chutes de Rückstände der Residuos de la Afgrøderester reststoffen uit de kasvinviljelyn växtodlingsrester,
residues tronçonnage Pflanzenproduktion producción de gewasproductie tähteet rester från
cultivos växtodling
46 cross-cut ends Culée et chute de Kappholz Recortes, restos de Afskæringer Afkorteinden tasauspätkät Endekapp avkap, justerända,
tronçonnage trozas splittved
47 customer; client client Kunde cliente
48 cut biofuel Biocombustible zerkleinerte Biocombustible Skåret gekapte pilkottu Hugget biobrensel hugget biobränsle
découpé Biobrennstoffe cortado, biobrændsel/snittet biobrandstof biopolttoaine
biocombustible biobrændsel
troceado
49 cutter chips Plaquette issues Industrieholzhack- Astilla de industria Kutterspåner Snijsnippers kutterinlastu kutterspån
des industries de schnitzel, de transformación
transformation du Industriehackgut de madera
bois
50 delivery agreement accord de livraison Liefervereinbarung contrato de leveringsaftale Leveringsovereenko toimitussopimus leveransavtal
suministro mst
51 delivery lot lot pour livraison Lieferlos; Lote de reparto; lote leveringsparti Geleverde partij toimituserä
Liefermenge de suministro
52 demolition wood Bois de démolition Abbruchholz Madera de Nedrivningstræ Sloophout purkupuu rivningsvirke
demolición
53 densified biofuel, Biocombustibles Presslinge, Biocombustible Presset Verdichte tiivistetty Komprimert komprimerat
compressed biofuel densifiés gepresste densificado, biobrændsel biobrandstof, biopolttoaine, biobrensel biobränsle
Biobrennstoffe biocombustible gecomprimeerde puristettu
comprimido biobrandstof biopolttoaine
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28
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

54 density Masse volumique Dichte Densidad Massefylde Dichtheid tiheys Densitet densitet
55 dry ash free basis Sur sec et sans wasser- und base seca y libre de Vand- og askefri droge asvrije basis tuhkattomasta torrt askfritt tillstånd
cendre aschefreie; wasser- ceniza basis kuiva-aineessa
und aschefreie
Bezugsbasis
56 dry, Sur sec wasserfreie; seco, base seca Vandfri basis droge basis kuiva-aineessa torrt tillstånd
dry basis wassefreie
Bezugsbasis
57 dry matter Matière sèche Trockenmasse Materia seca Tørstof Drogestof kuiva-aine Tørrstoff torrsubstans
58 dry matter content Teneur en matière Trockenmasse- Contenido en Tørstof indhold drogestofgehalte kuiva-ainepitoisuus Tørrstoffinnhold torrhalt
sèche gehalt materia seca
59 edgings Délignure Spreißel bordes Skaller Kantresten särmäystähteet kantvirke, ytor,
bakar, ribb
60 end-user utilisateur final Endverbraucher Usuario final slutbruger Eindgebruiker loppukäyttäjä
61 energy crops, fuel Culture énergétique Energiepflanzen; Cultivos energéticos Energiafgrøder energiegewassen energiakasvit Energivekster energigrödor,
crops Brennstoffpflanzen bränslegrödor
62 energy density Quantité d’énergie Energiedichte Densidad Energi tæthed energiedichtheid energiatiheys energidensitet energidensitet
par unité de volume energética
apparent
63 energy forest trees Arbre forestier à Biomasse aus árboles forestales Energi træ energiebos-bomen energiametsä Energiskog energiträd från
vocation én- Energiewäldern para uso energético medium till lång
Not for Resale
ergétique omloppstid
64 energy grain grain énergétique Energiekorn Granos energéticos energikorn graan voor energiajyvä
energiewinning
65 energy grass; fuel Culture herbacée à Energiegräser; Cultivos energéticos Energigræs Energiegras energiaruoho Energigress energigräs,
grass vocation Brennstoffgräser herbáceos bränslegräs
energétique
66 energy plantation Plantation d’arbres Biomasse von Ener- cultivo de árboles Energiskov energieplantage- energiaviljelmä Energiskogstre energiskogsträd
trees à vocation gieholzplantagen para uso energético bomen
énergétique
67 extraneous ash Teneur en cendre Nicht vom Brenn- Ceniza extrínseca o Fremmed aske as afkomstig uit sekundäärituhka, föroreningsaska
exogène stoff stammende ceniza exterior externe bronnen tuhkan seassa
mineralische olevat
Rückstände epäpuhtaudet
68 fibre board residues chutes de panneaux Holzfaserplatten- Residuos de tablero Fiberplader vezelplaatrest- kuitulevytähteet fiberskiverester
de fibre de bois rückstände de fibras restprodukter stoffen
69 fibre sludge Résidu fibreux du Schlämme aus der Lodos de fibra, Fiber slam vezelslib kuituliete Fiberslam fiberslam
traitement des eaux Zellstoffindustrie lodos de industria
(non validated) de pasta y papel
70 firewood Bois de feu Stückholz Leña Brænde brandhout polttopuu Ved brännved, spisved
71 fixed carbon Carbone fixe, gebundener Carbono fijo Fixed carbon, gebonden koolstof kiinteä hiili bundet kol
charbon de bois Kohlenstoff bundet kulstof
72 flowability écoulement Fließfähigkeit Fluidez Flow egenskaber stromingsgedrag juoksevuus Flytbarhet rinnbarhet
73 food processing sous-produits des Rückstände der Residuos de la Restprodukter fra reststoffen uit de elintarviketeollisuu- biomasserester från
industry residues industries agroali- lebensmittelverar- industria de fødevareindustri voedingsmiddele- den tähteet livsmedelsindustri
mentaires beitenden Industrie procesado de nindustrie
alimentos
29
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)

74 foreign material Impureté/élément Fremdstoff Impureza, material Fremmedlegemer verontreinigingen vieraat aineet Fremmed materiale främmande material
exogène extraño
75 forest chips Plaquettes Waldholzhack- Astillas, astillas Skovflis boshoutsnippers metsähake Skogsflis skogsflis
forestières schnitzel, forestales
Waldhackgut
76 forest fuels Combustibles forstliche Combustible Skovbrændsel bosbrandstoffen metsäpolttoaineet Skogsbrensel skogsbränslen
forestiers Brennstoffe forestall
77 forest and plantation Bois Wald- und Biomasa forestal y Skovtræ Boshout puu (suoraan virke, ved,
wood Plantagenholz plantationes metsästä) trädbiomassa
leñosas, biomasa
forestall primaria
78 fruit biomass biomasse fruitière Biomasse von Biomasa de frutos Frugtagtig biomasse biomassa van hedelmäbiomassa fruktbiomassa,
Früchten vruchten biomassa från frukt
79 fuel combustible Brennstoff Combustible Brændsel Brandstof polttoaine bränsle
80 fuel classification classification des Brennstoffklassifi- Clasificación de Brændsels brandstofklassifica- polttoaineen bränsleklassificering
combustibles zierung combustible klassifikation tie luokitus
81 fuel dust Combustible sous staubförmiger serrín de Brændselssmuld brandstof-stof polttoainepuru, Brenselstøv bränslespån
forme de sciure Brennstoff combustible polttoainepöly
82 fuel powder; fuel Combustible en puderförmiger Polvo de Brændselspulver/Br poedervormige polttoainepöly, Brenselpulver bränslepulver
flour poudre Brennstoff combustible ændselsstøv brandstof polttoainejauho,
polttoainejauhe
Not for Resale
83 fuel product Déclaration de la Deklaration der Declaración de deklaration af Declaratie van polttpaineen
declaration qualité du Brennstoffqualität calidad del brændselskvalitet brandstofkwaliteit tuoteseloste
combustible combustible
84 fuel specification Brennstoffspezifi- Especificación de Brændsels brandstofspecifica- Polttoainespesifi- bränslespecifikation
zierung combustible specifikation tie kaatio
85 Fuelwood; energy Bois-énergie Brennholz, Leña, madera para Brændselstræ; Brandhout polttopuu, brännved,
wood Energieholz energía Energitræ energiapuu skogsbränsle
86 general analysis échantillon pour allgemeine Muestra para Analyseprøve analyse gereed yleinen finmalt prov för
sample analyse générale Analysenprobe análisis general monster analyysinäyte fysikalisk/kemisk
analys
87 green basis à l’état vert erntefrisch Base verde Grøn basis natte basis kosteana färskt tillstånd
88 green chips Plaquette verte erntefrische Astillas húmedas, Grøn flis verse houtsnippers viherhake (tuore Rå flis färsk flis
Holzhackschnitzel, astillas verdes hake, mukana
erntefrisches neulasia)
Hackgut
89 grinding dust Poussière de Schleifstaub Polvo de lijado, Slibestøv/Pudsestø Maalstof hiontapöly Pussestøv slipdamm
broyage serrín-polvo de v
tablero
90 gross calorific value Pouvoir calorifique Brennwert Poder calorífico Øvre brændværdi (hogere) kalorimetrinen Bruttobrennverdi kalorimetriskt
supérieur superior verbrandingswaarde lämpöarvo värmevärde
91 gross density masse volumique Rohdichte Densidad bruta, Partikel densitet schijnbare dichtheid kiintotiheys rådensitet
brute densidad en bruto
92 herbaceous Biomasse herbacée halmgutartige Biomasa herbácea Urteagtig biomasse kruidachtige ruohomainen Plantebiomasse örtartad biomassa
biomass Biomasse biomassa biomassa
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30
BS EN 14588:2010
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93 herbaceous fuels Combustible halmgutartige Combustible de Urteagtig brændsel kruidachtige ruohomaiset Plantebrensel örtatat bränsle,
herbacée Brennstoffe origen herbáceo biobrandstoffen polttoaineet, örtbränsle
peltobiomassa-
polttoaineet
94 hog fuel Combustible bois grobes Combustible Knust træ no translation /geen murske bränslekross
écrasé Shredderholz triturado vertaling
95 horticultural sous-produits Rückstände aus Residuos hortícolas Restprodukter fra reststoffen uit de puutarhatähteet trädgårdsrester,
residues horticoles Gärtnereien gartnerier tuinbouw rester från
trädgårdsodling
96 impurities impuretés Verunreinigungen impurezas Verontreinigingen epäpuhtaudet
97 increment prélèvement Einzelprobe Incremento Delprøve; inkrement Increment yksittäisnäyte, delprov
élémentaire primäärinäyte
98 inorganic matter anorganische Materia inorgánica Uorganiske anorganische epäorgaaninen Mineralstoff oorganiskt material
Substanz bestanddele bestanddelen aines
99 laboratory sample échantillon de Laborprobe Muestra de Laboratorieprøve laboratorium- laboratorionäyte laboratorieprov,
laboratoire laboratorio monster prov avsett för
analys vid
laboratorium
100 landscape sous-produits de Rückstände aus der Residuos Restprodukter fra reststoffen uit het maisemanhoidon biomasserester från
management l’aménagement Landschaftspflege procedentes de landskabspleje landschapbeheer tähteet landskapsvård
residues paysager labores de
Not for Resale
conservación y
mejora del paisaje
101 log wood Bûche Scheitholz Troza, leño Stammetræ Stamhout halko Stammevirke helved
(Meterscheiter)
102 logging residues Rémanents Waldrestholz Residuos de corta Hugstaffald Kapresten hakkuutähde Avvirkningsrester Avverkningsrester
forestiers
103 lot lot Partie Lote Parti Partij erä, toimituserä parti (som ska kva-
litetskontrolleras)
104 major elements éléments majeures Hauptelelmente Elementos Hoofdelementen pääalkuaineet
mayoritarios
105 mass-reduction réduction de la Mengenreduktion Reducción de masa Massereduktion Massareductie massan (painon) reduktion av
masse vähentyminen provmängd
106 mechanical Résistance mechanische Resistencia Mekanisk styrke mechanische mekaaninen Holdbarhet mekanisk
strength, mécanique Festigkeit mecánica, sterkte kestävyys, hållfasthet,
mechanical durabilidad mekaaninen lujuus mekanisk hållbarhet
durability mecánica
107 minor elements éléments mineures Spurenelemente Elementos sporenelementen hivenalkuaineet
minoritarios
108 moisture Humidité Wassergehalt Humedad Fugt / vand Vocht kosteus Fuktighet fukt
109 moisture analysis échantillon pour Probe für die Was- Muestra para Prøve til monster voor kosteusnäyte Fukthaltsprov
sample analyse d’humidité sergehaltsbestim- análisis de bestemmelse af vochtanalyse
mung humedad totalvand
110 natural ash Cendre non vom Brennstoff Contenido en Naturlig aske natuurlijk as tuhka (luonnollinen) Naturlig askeinnhold naturlig askhalt
exogène stammende ceniza de un
mineralische combustible no
Rückstände contaminado
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31
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)
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111 net calorific value Pouvoir calorifique Heizwert Poder calorífico Nedre brændværdi stookwaarde, lagere tehollinen Nettobrennverdi effektivt värmevärde
inférieur inferior verbrandingswaarde lämpöarvo
112 nominal top size Taille maiximale nominelle Tamaño nominal Nominelt største nominale nimellisesti suurin (sållstorlek som
acceptable Siebgröße superior kornstørrelse zeefgrootte palakoko 95% av materialet
passerat)
113 operator opérateur Betreiber operador operator Operateur toimija
114 organic matter Matière organique organische Materia orgánica Organiske Organische orgaaninen aines Organisk stoff organsikt material
Substanz bestanddele bestanddelen
115 oscillating screen Tamis oscillant Siebanalysegerät Clasificador de Rystesold Schudzeef täryseula Skaksåll
classifier mit oszillierenden pantalla oscilante
Sieben
116 oven dry wood Bois anhydre ofentrockenes Holz Madera seca en Ovntørt træ ovendroog hout uunikuiva puu absolut torr ved
estufa
117 over size particles surcalibre übergroße Partikel Partículas de Overstørrelse overmaatse deeltjes ylisuuret kappaleet Overstore partikler överstora partiklar
tamaño excesivo
118 particle particule Partikel partίcula partikel Deeltje kappale, partikkeli partikel
119 particle board Chutes de Spanplattenrück- Residuos de tablero Spånplade spaanplaatresten lastulevytähteet Spånskiverester
residues panneaux de stand; Press- aglomerado restprodukter
particules plattenrückstand
120 particle density Masse volumique Partikeldichte Densidad de Partikelmassefylde deeltjesdichtheid näennäistiheys, Partikkeldensitet partikeldensitet,
unitaire partícula ”vesitiheys” fastdensitet
Not for Resale
121 particle size Granulométrie Partikelgröße Tamaño de Partikelstørre lse; deeltjesgrootte palakoko Partikkelstørrelse Partikelstorlek
partícula Kornstørrelse
122 particle size Distribution Partikelgrößen- Distribución de Partikelstørrelse deeltjesgrootte- palakokojakauma Partikkelstørrelsesfo partikelstorleksför-
distribution granulométrique verteilung tamaño de partícula fordeling; Kornstør- verdeling rdeling delning
relsesfordeling
123 plywood residues Chute de panneaux Rückstände der Residuos de tablero Krydsfineraffald multiplexresten vaneritähteet Kryssfinerrester Plywoodrester
contreplaqué Sperrholzherstel- contrachapado
lung
124 point of delivery point de livraison Anlieferungsort; Punto de entrega leveringssted Leverpunt toimituspaikka leveranspunkt
Liferort
125 pressing aid, Adjuvant de Bindemittel Ayudante de Bindemiddel bindmiddel sideaineet bindemedel
additives densification prensado, aditivos (puristukseen),
lisäaine
126 producer producteur Hersteller productor producent Producent tuottaja producent
127 proximate analysis Analyse sommaire Schnellanalyse Análisis inmediato Proximativ analyse; Proximate analyse tekninen analyysi Grovanalyse primäranalys
(Grundanalyse) Hovedanalyse
128 pulverised biofuel Biocombustible pulverisierte Biocombustible Formalet verpulverde jauhettu finmalt biobränsle
pulvérisé Biobrennstoffe pulverizado biobrændsel biobrandstof biopolttoaine (pöly)
129 quality qualité Qualität calidad kvalitet Kwaliteit laatu kvalitet
130 quality assurance assurance qualité Qualitätssicherung Aseguarrmiento de kvalitetssikring Kwaliteitsverzekerin laadunvarmistus kvalitetssäkring
calidad g
131 quality control contrôle de la Qalitätslenkung Control de calidad kvalitetskontrol Kwaliteitscontrole laadunohjaus kvalitetskontroll
qualité
132 recovered bois de construction recyceltes Bauholz Madera de Brugt teruggewonnen kierrätetty återvunnet
construction wood de récupération construcción konstruktionstræ constructiehout rakennuspuu konstruktionsvirke
recuperada
32
BS EN 14588:2010
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EN 14588:2010 (E)

133 repeatability répétabilité Wiederholpräzision repetibilidad repeterbarhed herhaalbaarheid toistettavuus repeterbarhet
134 reproducibility reproductibilité Vergleichpräzision reproducibilidad reproducerbarhed Reproduceerbaarhe uusittavuus reproducerbarhet
id
135 retailer détaillant Einzelhändler minorista Handelaar jälleenmyyjä återförsäljare
136 rotary screen Tamis rotatif Trommelsieb tamiz rotatorio Roterende sold Roterende scheider rumpuseula trumsåll
137 sample échantillon Probe Muestra, probeta Prøve Monster näyte prov
138 sample preparation preparation de Probenvorbereitung Preparación de prøveforbehandling Monster näytteen käsittely
l’échantillon muestra voorbehandeling
139 sampling échantillonnage Probenahme muestreo prøvetagning Monstername näytteenoto provtagning
140 sampling form forme de Probenahmeproto- Forma de muestreo Monstername näytteen muoto
l’échantillonnage kol formulier
141 sampling plan plan Probenahmeplan Plan de muestreo prøvetagningsplan Monstername plan näytteennotto-
d’échantillonnage suunnitelma
142 sampling record registre de Probenahmebericht Registro de Prøvetagnings- Monstername näytteenottoluettelo
l’échantillonnage muestreo rapport rapport
143 sample size reduction de la taille Reduktion der Reducción del Kornstørrelsesreduk monstergrootte- näytteen jakaminen, reduktion av provets
reduction de l’échantillon Partikelgröße tamaño de la tion; verkleining; näytekoon partikelstorlek
muestra; reducción størrelsesreduktion verkleining pienentäminen
de tamaño
144 sawdust Sciure Sägespäne Serrín Savsmuld Zaagsel sahanpuru Sagflis sågspån
Not for Resale
145 short rotation trees Arbres à croissance Bäume aus árboles en turno Energiskov korte omloop lyhytkiertopuut snabbväxande träd
rapide Kurzumtrieb corto bossen
146 shredded biofuel Biocombustible geschredderte Biocombustible Sønderdelt versnipperde revitty, pilkottu Såldet biobrensel krossat eller rivet
déchiqueté Biobrennstoffe triturado biobrændsel biobrandstof biopolttoaine biobränsle
147 size analysis échantillon pour Analyseprobe für Muestra para el Prøve til monster voor partikkelikokoäyte, Bakhorn prov för partikel-
sample analyse die análisis de tamaño sigteanalyse deeltjesgrootte seulontanäyte storleksbest
granulmométrique Partikelgrößenver- analyse ämning
teilung
148 slabs Dosses Schwarte Costeros Skaller aanzaagdelen sahauspinnat, losot avkap, justerända,
/aflopers splittved
149 smallwood Bûchette Kleinholz Madera pequeña Brænde Kleinhout pienpuu, pilke Fastbiobrensel småved
150 solid biofuel Biocombustible feste Biobrennstoffe Biocombustible Fast biobrændsel Vaste kiinteä biopolttoaine Fastvolum fast biobränsle
solide sólido biobrandstoffen
151 solid volume Volume réel Festvolumen Volumen sólido Fast masse massief volume kiintotilavuus Løsvolum fastvolym
(Festmeter)
152 stacked volume Volume Raumvolumen Volumen apilado Stablet rummeter gestapeld volume pinotilavuus travvolym
d’encombrement (Raummeter)
153 stemwood Grumes Stammholz Fuste, madera de Stammetræ stamhout runkopuu stamved
tallo, madera de
tronco
154 stemwood chips plaquettes issues Hackschnitzel aus Astillas de fuste, Stammetræsflis stamhoutsnippers rankahake stamvedsflis
de grumes Stammholz, astillas de tronco
Hackgut aus de madera
Stammholz
155 stump souche Stumpf Tocón Stød Stronk kanto stubbe
33
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)
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156 sub-lot sous-lot Teilpartie Sublote Prøvetagningsparti sub-partij toimitetun erän osa, del av parti (som
analysoitavan erän ska
osa kvalitetskontrolleras
)
157 sub-sample sous-échantillon Teilprobe Submuestra Delprøve deelmonster osanäyte delprov
158 supplier fournisseur Lieferant suministrador leverandør Leverancier toimittaja leverantör
159 supply chain chaîne Lieferkette Cadena de forsyningskæde Aanvoerketen toimitusketju
d’approvisionnemen suministro
t
160 test portion prise d’essai Prüfmenge Porción para Analyseportion Testmonster testaukseen/analy- del av
ensayo sointiin tarkoitettu laboratorieprov (för
analyysinäytteen specifik analys)
osa
161 test sample échantillon pour Versuchsprobe Muestra de ensayo test prøve Test monster
essai
162 thinning residues Sous-produits Durchforstungs- Residuos de claras Tyndingstræ dunningsresten harvennuksien Tynningsrester röjningsrester /
d’éclaircie rückstände hakkuutähteet gallringsrester
163 total ash Teneur en cendre Gesamtgehalt an Ceniza total Total aske totaal as kokonaistuhkapi- Askeinnhold askhalt
Asche; Aschegehalt toisuus
164 total carbon Teneur en carbone Gesamtgehalt an Carbón total Total kulstof totaal koolstof Kokonaishiili- Karboninnhold Kolhalt
Kohlenstoff pitoisuus
Not for Resale
165 total chlorine teneur en chlore Gesamtgehalt an Cloro total Total chlor Totaal chloor kokonaiskloori-
Chlor pitoisuus
166 total hydrogen Teneur en Gesamtgehalt an Hidrógeno total Total brint totaal waterstof kokonaisvety- Hydrogeninnhold Vätehalt
hydrogène Wasserstoff pitoisuus
167 total mass masse totale Gesamtmasse Masa total Total masse Totaal massa kokonaismassa
168 total moisture Taux d’humidité Gesamtgehalt an Humedad total Total vand totaal vocht kokonaiskosteus- Fuktighetsinnhold Fukthalt
Wasser; pitoisuus
Wassergehalt
169 total nitrogen Teneur en azote Gesamtgehalt an Nitrógeno total Total kvælstof totaal stikstof kokonaistyppi- Nitrogeninnhold Kvävehalt
Stickstoff pitoisuus
170 total oxygen Teneur en oxygène Gesamtgehalt an Oxígeno total Total ilt totaal zuurstof kokonaishappi- Oksygeninnhold Syrehalt
Sauerstoff pitoisuus
171 total sulphur Teneur en soufre Gesamtgehalt an Azufre total Total svovl totaal zwavel kokonaisrikki- Svovelinnhold Svavelhalt
Schwefel pitoisuus
172 tree section Houpiers Baumabschnitt Troza con ramas, Træ dele Boomdeel osapuu Stammeseksjoner Träddel
démembrés/ cîmes sección de árbol
démembrées
173 ultimate analysis, Analyse élémentaire Elementaranalyse Análisis elemental Ultimativ analyse; ultimate analyse, alkuaineanalyysi, Totalanalyse elementaranalys
elementary analysis Elementær analyse elementaire analyse elementaarianalyysi
174 used wood Bois usagé Gebrauchtholz Madera usada Brugt træ gebruikt hout käytetty puu kai använt virke,
puutuote, returträ
kierrätyspuu
175 viscose residues Sous-produits de la Rückstände der Residuos de la Viscoserester viscose-reststoffen viskoositähteet viskosrester
pâte à dissoudre Viskoseerzeugung fabricatión de la
viscosa
176 volatile matter Matière volatile flüchtige Materia volátil Flygtige vluchtige haihtuvat aineet Flyktig stoff flyktiga ämnen
Bestandteile bestanddele bestanddelen
34
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)

177 volume Volume Volumen Volumen Volumen Volume tilavuus Volum volym
178 water soluble contenu solube wasserlöslicher Contenido soluble Deel oplosbaar in vesiliuokoinen osa
content dans l’eau Gehalt en agua water
179 wet basis Sur humide/sur brut Bezugsbasis Base húmeda o Våd basis natte basis märkäpainosta vått tillstånd
Feuchtmasse base fresca
180 whole tree Arbre entier Vollbaum Árbol apeado, árbol Heltræ gehele boom kokopuu, juurakko Heltre helträd
entero poislukien
181 whole-tree chips Plaquettes issues Holzhackschnitzel Astillas procedentes Heltræsflis snippers van de kokopuuhake Heltreflis helträdsflis
d’arbre entier aus Vollernteverfah- de árbol entero gehele boom
ren, Hackgut aus
Vollernteverfahren
182 wood chips Holzhackschnitzel, Astillas Træflis houtsnippers puuhake träflis
Hackgut 1)
183 wood fuels, wood Combustibles Holzbrennstoffe; Combustibles de Træbrændsel houtbrandstoffen, puupolttoaineet, Trebrensel trädbränslen
based fuels, wood- ligneux holzbasierter madera, op hout gebaseerde puuperäiset
derived biofuels Brennstoffe biocombustibles brandstoffen, van polttoaineet
derivados de hout afgeleide
madera brandstoffen
184 wood processing Sous-produits des Industrierestholz Residuos y sub- Restprodukter fra reststoffen uit de puujalostusteolli- träindustrirester,
industry by-products industries de la productos de la træindustri houtverwerkende suuden sivutuotteet rester från
and residues transformation du industria de la industrie ja tähteet träindustri
Not for Resale
bois madera
185 wood shavings; Copeaux Hobelspäne Virutas Træspåner / houtschaafsel, puulastut, Høvelspon (hyvel)spån
cutter shavings Høvlspåner snijmachine- höyläyslastut
schaafsel
186 woody biomass Biomasse ligneuse Holzartige Biomasa leñosa Træagtig biomasse houtachtige puubiomassa Trebiomasse trädbiomassa
Biomasse biomassa
1) Austrian expression.
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35
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)
Annex B
(informative)
List of terms defined by CEN/TS 15357:2006 − Solid recovered fuels
Identical definitions Modified definitions Additional definitions

within CEN/TS 15357:2006 within CEN/TS 15357:2006 within CEN/TS 15357:2006
as received biomass biodegradable
ash content biogenic
ash deformation temperature briquette
ash flow temperature chips
ash fusibility classification of solid recovered fuel
ash hemisphere temperature coefficient of variation
ash sphere temperature co-incineration
biofuel co-incineration plant
bridging collection tray
bulk density component of solid recovered fuel
calorific value componsition of solid recovered fuel
combined sample digestion
common sample digestion vessel
delivery agreement drying
dry effective increment size
dry ash free effective sample size
dry matter emission
dry matter content fluff
energy density fraction separation
flowability fuel characterisation
fuel fundamental error
gross calorific value halogen content
increment heterogeneity
laboratory sample homogenisation
lot homogeneity
mass-reduction incineration
mechanical durability incineration plant
moisture material flow
net calorific value metallic aluminium
nominal top size microwave unit
over size particles mixed municipal waste
particle incineration
particle density incineration plant
particle size material flow
particle size distribution metallic aluminium
point of delivery microwave unit
producer oxygen combustion
proximate analysis particle size reduction
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

36
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)
Identical definitions Modified definitions Additional definitions

within CEN/TS 15357:2006 within CEN/TS 15357:2006 within CEN/TS 15357:2006
sample pellet
sample preparation pre-treated waste
sampling probalistic sample
sampling form random sampling
sampling plan renewable energy sources
sampling record sample container
size analysis sample separate collection
solid biofuel shredding
solid volume solid recovered fuel
test portion sorting
total carbon sorting at source
total hydrogen specification
total moisture specification of solid recovered fuels
total nitrogen stacked volume
total oxygen test sample
total sulphur total organic carbon
ultimate analysis XRF
volatile matter waste
waste supplier
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

37
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)
Bibliography
[1] ISO 10241, International terminology standards ― Preparation and layout
[2] ÖNORM M 7132:1998, Energiewirtschaftliche Nutzung von Holz und Rinde als Brennstoff ―
Begriffsbestimmungen und brennstofftechnologische Merkmale
[3] CEN/BT/WG 108 Solid biofuels N42 of 1999-08-09 prepared by ELSAM, Country Report Denmark
[4] Alakangas, E. & Kallio, M., VTT, 2000-12-04, Proposal of biomass, biofuel and bioenergy terminology
[5] Swedish Standard SS 187106, Solid biofuels and peat ― Terminology
[6] Council of the European Communities, 1975-07-15, Council Directive 75/442/EEC on Waste
[7] The European Parliament and the Council, 2000-12-04, Directive 2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste
[8] Resolution 1 taken by CEN/TC 335 Solid biofuels on 2001-10-09. CEN/TC 335 Solid Biofuels N27
[9] EN 14961-1:2010, Solid biofuels ― Fuel specifications and classes ― Part 1: General requirements
[10] FAO Forestry Department, December 2004, UBET ― Unified Bioenergy Energy Terminology
[11] CEN/BT/TF 118 N36 Report of 2000-08-29, Solid Recovered Fuels (Part 1)
[12] Woodcock and Mason. Bulk Solids Handling (ISBN 0-249-44169-1)
[13] BioTech’s life science dictionary, available at <http://biotech.icmb.utexas.edu/search/dict-search.html>
[14] Swedish Forestry Vocabulary, TNC 96 (ISBN 91-7196-096-1)
[15] The European Parliament and the Council, 2000-12-28, Directive COM(2000) 884 final on the promotion of
electricity from renewable energy sources in the internal electricity market
[16] Nordin, A., 1994, Chemical elemental characteristics of biomass fuels. Biomass and Bioenergy, 6:5
(339-347) available at <www.ecn.nl/phyllis>
[17] Okstad, T., IEA Task 28 – Document of October 2001, From biomass to bioenergy
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[18] ASTM E 1126 – 94a, Standard Terminology Relating to Biomass Fuels
[19] EN 13965-1:2004, Characterization of waste — Terminology — Part 1: Material related terms and
definitions
[20] ISO 1213-2:1992, Solid mineral fuels — Vocabulary — Part 2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and
analysis
[21] ISO 13909:2001 (all parts), Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling
[22] EN ISO 9000:2005, Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary (ISO 9000:2005)
[23] prEN 14961-3, Solid biofuels — Fuel specifications and classes — Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-
industrial use
[24] prEN 14961-2:2010, Solid biofuels — Fuel specifications and classes — Part 2: Wood pellets for non-
industrial use
[25] prEN 14961-5:2010, Solid biofuels — Fuel specifications and classes — Part 5: Firewood for non-industrial
use
38
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)
[26] prEN 14961-4:2010, Solid biofuels — Fuel specifications and classes — Part 4: Wood chips for non-
industrial use
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39
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)
Index
critical control point ...................................................... 11

crop production residues ............................................. 11
cross-cut ends ............................................................... 11
customer ........................................................................ 11
cut biofuel ...................................................................... 11
additives ........................................................................... 6
cutter chips .................................................................... 12
agricultural residues ........................................................ 7
cutter shavings .............................................................. 25
agrofuels ........................................................................... 7
air dried basis................................................................... 7
animal husbandry residues ............................................. 7
arching ............................................................................ 10
as analysed/determined basis ........................................ 7
as delivered ...................................................................... 7 delivery agreement ........................................................ 12
as received basis ............................................................. 7 delivery lot ...................................................................... 12
ash ..................................................................................... 7 demolition wood ............................................................ 12
ash content ..................................................................... 22 densified biofuel ............................................................ 12
ash deformation temperature ......................................... 7 density ............................................................................ 12
ash flow temperature ....................................................... 7 dry ................................................................................... 12
ash fusibility ..................................................................... 8 dry ash free .................................................................... 12
ash hemisphere temperature .......................................... 8 dry ash free basis .......................................................... 12
ash melting behaviour ..................................................... 8 dry basis ......................................................................... 12
ash sphere temperature .................................................. 8 dry matter ....................................................................... 12
dry matter content ......................................................... 13

bale .................................................................................... 8
baled biofuel ..................................................................... 8 edgings ........................................................................... 13
bark ................................................................................... 8 elementary analysis ....................................................... 23
basic density .................................................................... 8 end-user ......................................................................... 13
basis/bases....................................................................... 8 energy crops .................................................................. 13
bioenergy .......................................................................... 8 energy density ............................................................... 13
biofuel ............................................................................... 8 energy forest trees ........................................................ 13
biofuel blend..................................................................... 8 energy grain ................................................................... 13
biofuel briquette ............................................................... 9 energy grass .................................................................. 13
biofuel mixture ................................................................. 9 energy plantation trees ................................................. 13
biofuel pellet ..................................................................... 9 energy wood .................................................................. 15
biomass ............................................................................ 9 extraneous ash .............................................................. 13
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biomass residues ............................................................. 9
biomass resource owner ................................................. 9
biosludge .......................................................................... 9
black liquor ..................................................................... 10
bridging........................................................................... 10
fibre boards .................................................................... 13
bulk density .................................................................... 10
fibre sludge .................................................................... 14
bulk volume .................................................................... 10
firewood.......................................................................... 14
bundle ............................................................................. 10
fixed carbon ................................................................... 14
bundled biofuel .............................................................. 10
flowability ....................................................................... 14
food processing industry residues .............................. 14
foreign material .............................................................. 14
forest and plantation wood ........................................... 14
forest chips .................................................................... 14
calorific value ................................................................. 10 forest fuels ..................................................................... 14
cereal crops .................................................................... 10 fruit biomass .................................................................. 15
char ................................................................................. 10 fuel .................................................................................. 15
chemical traetment ........................................................ 10 fuel classification........................................................... 15
chopped straw ................................................................ 10 fuel crops ....................................................................... 13
chunkwood ..................................................................... 11 fuel dust.......................................................................... 15
combined sample ........................................................... 11 fuel flour ......................................................................... 15
common sample ............................................................. 11 fuel grass........................................................................ 13
complete ......................................................................... 11 fuel powder .................................................................... 15
compressed biofuel ....................................................... 12 fuel quality declaration.................................................. 15
contamination ................................................................ 11 fuel specification ........................................................... 15
cork residues.................................................................. 11 fuelwood ......................................................................... 15
40
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)
particle board residues .................................................. 18

particle density ............................................................... 18
general analysis sample ................................................ 15 particle size..................................................................... 19
green basis...................................................................... 15 particle size distribution ................................................ 19
green chips ..................................................................... 15 plywood residues ........................................................... 19
grinding dust...................................................................16 point of delivery ............................................................. 19
gross calorific value .......................................................16 pressing aid .................................................................... 19
gross density .................................................................. 16 producer.......................................................................... 19
proximate analysis ......................................................... 19
pulverised fuel ................................................................ 19

heating value...................................................................10
herbaceous biomass ...................................................... 16
herbaceous fuels ............................................................ 16 quality ............................................................................. 19
hog fuel ........................................................................... 16 quality assurance ........................................................... 19
horticultural residues .....................................................16 quality control ................................................................ 20

impurities ........................................................................14 recovered construction wood ....................................... 20

Impurities ........................................................................16 repeatability .................................................................... 20
increment ........................................................................ 16 reproducibility ................................................................ 20
inorganic matter .............................................................16 retailer ............................................................................. 20
rotary screen .................................................................. 20

laboratory sample...........................................................16
landscape management residues .................................17 sample ............................................................................. 20
log wood ..........................................................................17 sample preparation ........................................................ 20
logging residues ............................................................. 17 sample size reduction.................................................... 21
loose volume...................................................................10 sampling ......................................................................... 20
lot .....................................................................................17 sampling form ................................................................ 20
sampling plan ................................................................. 21
sampling record ............................................................. 21
sawdust ........................................................................... 21
short rotation trees ........................................................ 21
shredded biofuel ............................................................ 21
major elements ............................................................... 17 size analysis sample ...................................................... 21
mass-reduction ............................................................... 17 slabs ................................................................................ 21
mechanical durability ..................................................... 17 smallwood....................................................................... 21
minor elements ............................................................... 17 solid biofuels .................................................................. 21
moisture ..........................................................................17 solid volume ................................................................... 21
moisture analysis sample .............................................. 17 stacked volume .............................................................. 22
stemwood ....................................................................... 22
stemwood chips ............................................................. 22
stump .............................................................................. 22
sub-lot ............................................................................. 22
natural ash ......................................................................18 sub-sample ..................................................................... 22
net calorific value ........................................................... 18 supplier ........................................................................... 22
nominal top size ............................................................. 18 supply chain ................................................................... 22

operator ...........................................................................18 test portion ..................................................................... 22

organic matter.................................................................18 test sample ..................................................................... 22
oscillating screen classifier ........................................... 18 thinning residues ........................................................... 22
oven dry wood ................................................................ 18 total ash .......................................................................... 22
over size particles .......................................................... 18 total carbon..................................................................... 23
total chlorine................................................................... 23
total hydrogen ................................................................ 23
total mass ....................................................................... 23

total moisture ................................................................. 23
total nitrogen .................................................................. 23
particle.............................................................................18
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No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale 41
BS EN 14588:2010
EN 14588:2010 (E)
total oxygen .................................................................... 23

total sulphur ................................................................... 23
tree section ..................................................................... 23 water soluble content .................................................... 24
wet basis ........................................................................ 24
whole tree ....................................................................... 24
whole-tree chips ............................................................ 24
wood based fuels........................................................... 25
ultimate analysis ............................................................ 23 wood chips ..................................................................... 24
used wood ...................................................................... 24 wood fuels ...................................................................... 25
wood processing industry by-products and residues 25
wood shavings ............................................................... 25
wood-derived biofuels................................................... 25
woody biomass .............................................................. 25
viscose residues ............................................................ 24

volatile matter ................................................................. 24
volume ............................................................................ 24
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42
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BS EN 14588:2010

BSI Standards Publication

Solid biofuels — Terminology,

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raising standards worldwide™

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EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 14588

ICS 01.040.75; 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 14588:2003

Solid biofuels - Terminology, definitions and descriptions

Biocomustibles solides - Terminologie, définitions et Feste Biobrennstoffe - Terminologie, Definitionen und

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

Copyright British Standards Institution

Copyright British Standards Institution

This document supersedes CEN/TS 14588:2003.

Annex A and Annex B are informative.

Copyright British Standards Institution

Copyright British Standards Institution

 products from agriculture and forestry;

 vegetable waste from agriculture and forestry;

 vegetable waste from the food processing industry;

Figure 1 — CEN TC 335 within the biomass-biofuel-bioenergy field

Copyright British Standards Institution

 bioenergy as the result of biofuel conversion.

Table 1 — Structure of the terms [9]

4 Terms and definitions

Copyright British Standards Institution

NOTE See also crop production residues.

NOTE Adapted from FAO unified bioenergy terminology (UBET) [10].

[Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992]

NOTE 1 It includes among others solid excreta of animals.

[Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992]

[Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992]

Copyright British Standards Institution

NOTE 1 Ash fusibility is determined under either oxidizing or reducing conditions.

Copyright British Standards Institution

[Adapted from prEN 14961-2:2010]

Copyright British Standards Institution

NOTE Adapted to Woodcock and Mason. Bulk Solids Handling [12].

[Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992]

NOTE Some cereal crops can be used as a solid biofuel.

EXAMPLES Barley, wheat, rye, oat.

[Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992]

Copyright British Standards Institution

NOTE Chunkwood has a typical length of 50 mm to 150 mm.

[Adapted from ISO 13909:2001]

NOTE See also whole tree.

NOTE It includes among others wood, straw, stalks, and husks.

[Adapted from EN ISO 9000:2005]

NOTE See also chunkwood, firewood, chopped straw, and smallwood.

Copyright British Standards Institution

[Adapted from EN 13965-1:2004]

NOTE See also biofuel briquette and biofuel pellets.

[Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992]

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NOTE Expressed as a percentage of the total mass of the solid biofuel.

NOTE 2 Fuel crops is a not recommended synonym.

NOTE 1 Belong to the group of herbaceous biomass.

EXAMPLES Sugarcane, Miscanthus, Reed canary grass.