BACKGROUND

Nationalism

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 BACKGROUND
Filipino Nationalism
   Luzon

Maynila Tondo
Miguel López de Manila
Legazpi
Spanish East
Indies
Cebu  Mindanao
Sulu Archipelago

Augustinian monks

Borneo
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Filipino Nationalism
-- refers to the establishment and support of a political
identity associated with the modern nation-state of
the Philippines, leading to a wide-ranging campaign for
political, social, and economic freedom in the Philippines.

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 THE START OF • Spaniards born in the
Philippines, who were more
FILIPINO known
NATIONALISM as Insulares, Criollos, or Creoles,
were also called "Filipinos."
(1760S–1820S) • Spanish-born Spaniards or
mainland Spaniards residing
in the Philippines were
• The term "Filipino" originally referred to as Peninsulares.
referred to the Spanish
criollos of the Philippines.. • Those of mixed ancestry
were referred to as Mestizos.
 Factors contributed to the birth of the Filipino Nationalism

 Opening of
the
Philippines  Rise of the  Impact of  Opening of
to middle class. European the Suez
international Liberalism. Canal
trade.

 Liberal regime  Cavite

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1. OPENING OF THE PHILIPPINES TO INTERNATIONAL
TRADE.
 The growing sense of economic insecurity in the later years of the 18th
century led the Creoles to turn their attention to agricultural production.

 The Creoles gradually changed from a very government-dependent class

 Manila was opened to foreign trade which brought prosperity to the Filipinos
and Chinese mestizo resulting to the existence of middle class.
 2. Rise of the middle class.
 The Filipinos in the 19th century had suffered from feudalistic
and master slave relationship by the Spaniards. Their social
structure is ranked into three groups:

 Highest class – the  Middle Class – the  Lowest class – this class
people that belong in this people that belongs into includes the Filipinos
class include the only.
this class includes the
Spaniards, peninsulares  The Indios are the poor
and the friars.
natives,mestizos and
the criollos. people having pure
blood Filipino which
 → Natives – the pure ruled by the Spaniards
 They have the power and
authority to rule over the Filipinos
Filipinos. They enjoyed
their positions and do
what they want
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 3. IMPACT OF EUROPEAN LIBERALISM.
 The rise of liberal ideas came to the Philippines thru
continuous contact of the Filipino illustrados with the
west.
 Liberty, religious freedom, democracy, human rights
such as suffrage, freedom of speech, press and form
associations and assemblies.
 Giving Indulgence – the French people had their
revolution against the monarchy of king Louis XVI and
Marie Antoinette,
 They imposed excessive taxes to people.
 4. Opening of the Suez Canal on
November 17, 1869
 The Suez Canal, which
 Thanks to the Suez Canal,  The canal enabled the
trading in the Philippines
connected the Red Sea and the became increasingly Philippines to have
Mediterranean Sea, was profitable. More and more
inaugurated in 1869. It was
direct commercial
foreign merchants and relations with Spain
built by a French engineer businessmen came to the
named Ferdinand de Lesseps. colony, bringing with them instead of through
By passing through the Canal, a lot of progressive ideas. Mexico (via the galleon
vessels journeying between The Filipinos not only
Barcelona and Manila no longer gained more knowledge trade) and, with the
had to pass by the Cape of and information about the shorter travel time to
Good Hope, at the southern tip world at large; they also Spain, enabled more
of Africa. Thus, they were able gained the desire for Filipinos to study in
to shorten their traveling time freedom and
from three months to 32 days.
improvement in their Europe.
lives
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 5. SECULARIZATION CONTROVERSY.
 The secularization movement in the Philippines was a movement in the
Philippines under Spanish colonial administration from the 18th to late 19th
century for greater rights for native Filipino Roman Catholic clergymen.
 Two kinds of priests served the Catholic Church in the Philippines. These
were the regulars and the seculars.
 The issue soon took on a racial slant. The Spaniards were clearly favouring
their own regular priest over Filipino priests.
 Monsignor Pedro Pelaez, ecclesiastical governor of the Church, sided with
the Filipinos. Unfortunately, he died in an earthquake that destroyed the
Manila Cathedral in 1863. After his death, other priests took his place in
fighting for the secularization movement. Among them were Fathers
Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora.
 6. Liberal regime of Carlos Maria
De La Torre
 Carlos María de la  He abolished flogging,  An outspoken liberal,
Torre y relaxed media de la Torre extended to
Navacerrada (1809– censorship, and began Filipinos the promise of
1879) was a Spanish limited secularization reform. In a break with
soldier and politician. He of education. He was established practice, he
served as Governor- also very close to the fraternized with
General of the ilustrados, a group of Filipinos, invited them
Philippines from 1869 to Filipinos who to the governor's
1871, and is considered
understood the situation palace, and rode with
one of the most beloved
Spanish Governors- of the Philippines under them in official
General assigned to Spanish rule. processions
the Philippines.
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 7. Cavite mutiny and the execution of
GomBurZa.
 (17 February 1872 – 17  history of the country?
 GomBurZa (fought for February 2022)
the Filipinization of  It was a major catalyst
parishes and  It was against this charged
environment that that pushed the events
champions of GOMBURZA were accused forward leading to the
liberalism and and found guilty of failed reformist
humanitarianism) allegedly orchestrating the agenda among
Cavite Mutiny of 1872, and
charged with treason and Filipino liberals in
sedition by Spanish Spain, pivoting to the
authorities. They were Philippine Revolution
sentenced to public against Spain which
execution by garrote in broke out in 1896
the same year.
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THANK YOU PO!

MARY ANN P. ABINAL