Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 18 views

    Conjunctions: 1. What Do Conjunctions Do?

    Uploaded by

    AnggunPamungkasProject
    This document discusses conjunctions and summarizes their functions and usage. It describes that conjunctions either coordinate equal grammatical elements or subordinate dependent clauses. Coordinating conjunctions like "and" and "but" join equal clauses or words, while subordinating conjunctions like "although" introduce subordinate clauses. The document provides examples of how conjunctions are used and their typical positions within sentences.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Conjunctions: 1. What Do Conjunctions Do?

    Uploaded by

    AnggunPamungkasProject
    18 views5 pages
    This document discusses conjunctions and summarizes their functions and usage. It describes that conjunctions either coordinate equal grammatical elements or subordinate dependent clauses. Coordinating conjunctions like "and" and "but" join equal clauses or words, while subordinating conjunctions like "although" introduce subordinate clauses. The document provides examples of how conjunctions are used and their typical positions within sentences.

    Original Title

    330_20210525050224

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses conjunctions and summarizes their functions and usage. It describes that conjunctions either coordinate equal grammatical elements or subordinate dependent clauses. Coordinating conjunctions like "and" and "but" join equal clauses or words, while subordinating conjunctions like "although" introduce subordinate clauses. The document provides examples of how conjunctions are used and their typical positions within sentences.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    18 views5 pages

    Conjunctions: 1. What Do Conjunctions Do?

    Uploaded by

    AnggunPamungkasProject
    This document discusses conjunctions and summarizes their functions and usage. It describes that conjunctions either coordinate equal grammatical elements or subordinate dependent clauses. Coordinating conjunctions like "and" and "but" join equal clauses or words, while subordinating conjunctions like "although" introduce subordinate clauses. The document provides examples of how conjunctions are used and their typical positions within sentences.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Conjunctions

    We can consider conjunctions from three aspects.

    1. What do Conjunctions Do?

    Conjunctions have two basic functions or "jobs":

     Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two parts of a sentence


    that are grammatically equal. The two parts may be single words or
    clauses, for example:
    - Jack and Jill went up the hill.
    - The water was warm, but I didn't go swimming.
     Subordinating conjunctions are used to join a subordinate dependent
    clause to a main clause, for example:
    - I went swimming although it was cold.

    Here are some example conjunctions:

    Coordinating Subordinating conjunctions


    conjunctions

    and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so although, because, since, unless

    2. What do Conjunctions Look Like?

    Conjunctions have three basic formats:

    a. single word
    for example: and, but, because, although
    b. compound (often ending with as or that)
    for example: provided that, as long as, in order that
    c. correlative (surrounding an adverb or adjective)
    for example: so...that
    3. Where do Conjunctions Go?
     Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or
    clauses that they join.
     Subordinating conjunctions usually come at the beginning of the
    subordinate clause.

    Coordinating Conjunctions
    A coordinating conjunction joins parts of a sentence (for example words or
    independent clauses) that are grammatically equal or similar. A
    coordinating conjunction shows that the elements it joins are similar in
    importance and structure:

     + 

    There are seven coordinating conjunctions, and they are all short words of
    only two or three letters:

     and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so

    Look at these examples - the two elements that the coordinating


    conjunction joins are shown in square brackets [ ]:

     I like [tea] and [coffee].
     [Ram likes tea], but [Anthony likes coffee].

    Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that


    they join.

    When a coordinating conjunction joins independent clauses, it is always


    correct to place a comma before the conjunction:

     I want to work as an interpreter in the future, so I am studying


    Russian at university.
    However, if the independent clauses are short and well-balanced, a comma
    is not really essential:

     She is kind so she helps people.

    When "and" is used with the last word of a list, a comma is optional:

     He drinks beer, whisky, wine, and rum.


     He drinks beer, whisky, wine and rum.
    The 7 coordinating conjunctions are short, simple words. They have only
    two or three letters. There's an easy way to remember them - their initials
    spell "FANBOYS", like this:

    F A N B O Y S

    for and no but o yet so


    r r

    Subordinating Conjunctions
    A subordinating conjunction joins a subordinate (dependent) clause to a
    main (independent) clause:

     + 

    Here are some common subordinating conjunctions:

     after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that,
    though, till, until, when, where, whether, while

    Look at this example:


    main or subordinate or
    independent clause dependent clause

    Ram went swimming although it was raining.

      subordinating  
    conjunction

    A subordinate or dependent clause "depends" on a main or independent


    clause. It cannot exist alone. Imagine that somebody says to you: "Hello!
    Although it was raining." What do you understand? Nothing! But a main or
    independent clause can exist alone. You will understand very well if
    somebody says to you: "Hello! Ram went swimming."

    A subordinating conjunction always comes at the beginning of a


    subordinate clause. It "introduces" a subordinate clause. However, a
    subordinate clause can come after or before a main clause. Thus, two
    structures are possible:

     + 
    Ram went swimming although it was raining.

    +   
    Although it was raining, Ram went swimming

    You might also like