Theory Critique Nursing

Title of Research: Philosophical Studies of Non-Pharmacological Pain
Management with Transcultural Nursing Approach
The research article entitled: "Philosophical Studies of Non-pharmacological Pain
Management with Transcultural Nursing Approach" was authored by Moses Yunani, a
Doctoral student of Nursing, and Pandin Glorino, who is among the faculty of Nursing
who both works at Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia. The research article was
published online on July 5, 2022, under MedRxiv Journal. The article discussed the
philosophical study of non-pharmacological pain management by looking at
perspectives in ontology, epistemology, and axiology. The authors claimed that pain is a
patient's subjective experience which makes it necessary to consider the cultural factors
that influence pain when providing nursing care to pain patients. From that, the authors
emphasized that the nurse must possess an understanding and knowledge of
transcultural nursing theory, one of which is the Theory of Diversity-Based Diversity and
Cultural Universality by Madeleine M. Leinenger with the sunrise model, to conduct the
assessment, make the diagnosis, and arrange a nursing intervention. The authors
utilized an integrative literature review method to propose non-pharmacological pain
management with a transcultural nursing approach.
The research article used the Transcultural Nursing Theory by Madeleine Leiniger
to emphasize the importance of the role of nursing in understanding client culture in the
instance of pain management. As per the article, understanding the client's culture,
whether it be individual, family, group, or community, can prevent culture shock and
culture imposition. The authors have discussed that cultural shock occurs when
outsiders (nurses) attempt to study or adapt effectively to a certain cultural group
(client), whereas culture imposition is the tendency of health workers (nurses) to impose
their cultural values, beliefs, and habits /behaviors secretly or blatantly on individuals,
families, or groups of other cultures because they believe that their culture is superior. In
general, the theory was used to direct the clinical practice through building knowledge.
In accordance with this, Saleh (2018) asserted that research informs clinical
practice. Saleh explained in her article that research, practice, and theory are the
cornerstones of the nursing profession. She supported her claim by describing their
relationship's reciprocal and cyclical nature. Saleh discussed that clinical practice
generates research questions and theoretical knowledge. At the same time, research
guides clinical practice and increases knowledge through the development of theory,
and ultimately, theory guides research and improves clinical practice.
Nursing leaders need to bridge the gap between theory and practice if theory,
practice, and research are to continue their mutually beneficial, iterative connection.
Continuous interaction between nursing researchers, scholars, and practicing nurses
can accomplish these goals. This article is essential for us, master's-level nursing
students who are also practicing nurses, to increase our exposure to theoretical
principles. In addition, after the completion of formal education, we must emphasize
theoretical concepts, constructs, and principles. This also afforded us the opportunity for
clinical involvement, thereby reducing the gap between the worlds of nursing theorists
and scholars, and practicing nurses. Likewise, it will help us address contemporary
healthcare and nursing issues from a theoretical standpoint.

In the guise of practice theory, theory-guided practice is the future of nursing.
Practice theories are limited, specific theories proposed for a particular form of practice.
As the 21st century progresses, nurse academicians, scientists, researchers, and
practitioners must position theory-guided practice at the center of nursing. To provide
effective, efficient, and holistic care, nurses must devise and implement a plan of care
based on sound theoretical principles.
Theory can also guide the research process by generating and testing
phenomena of interest. The primary objective of nursing theory is to enhance practice
by positively influencing patients' health and quality of life. The relationship between
theory and practice is continuous; therefore, nursing practice serves as the foundation
for developing nursing theory, while nursing theory must be validated in practice.
Care for patients efficiently, effectively, and compassionately calls for using
nursing knowledge, skills, empathy, and art. The evidence-based nursing practice relies
heavily on the outcomes of empirical studies. Thus, Medical professionals should
always base their judgments on the best available data, such as research, when
treating patients. The results of studies are compiled into a set of guidelines that nurses
utilize in their everyday work. Meanwhile, Science is the connection between the
method of investigation (research) and the outcome of that investigation (theory),
regardless of the field. Producing new theories and/or testing existing theories are two
of the main goals of nursing research, along with directing clinical practice. Research
also contributes to theory development. Hence the two are mutually supportive. Using
theory as a framework to give perspective and direction to the research investigation is
essential to the research process.

References:
Saleh, U. (2018). Theory guided practice in nursing. J Nurs Res Pract, 2(1).
https://www.pulsus.com/scholarly-articles/theory-guided-practice-in-nursing.pdf
Yunani, M., & Pandin, G. (2022). Philosophical Studies of Non-Pharmacological Pain
Management with Transcultural Nursing Approach. MedRxiv.
https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.01.22277133

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Title of Research: Philosophical Studies of Non-Pharmacological Pain

Management with Transcultural Nursing Approach

The research article entitled: "Philosophical Studies of Non-pharmacological Pain

Management with Transcultural Nursing Approach" was authored by Moses Yunani, a

philosophical study of non-pharmacological pain management by looking at

emphasized that the nurse must possess an understanding and knowledge of

utilized an integrative literature review method to propose non-pharmacological pain

management with a transcultural nursing approach.

and ultimately, theory guides research and improves clinical practice.

Continuous interaction between nursing researchers, scholars, and practicing nurses

principles. In addition, after the completion of formal education, we must emphasize

healthcare and nursing issues from a theoretical standpoint.

As the 21st century progresses, nurse academicians, scientists, researchers, and

practitioners must position theory-guided practice at the center of nursing. To provide

based on sound theoretical principles.

phenomena of interest. The primary objective of nursing theory is to enhance practice

heavily on the outcomes of empirical studies. Thus, Medical professionals should

method of investigation (research) and the outcome of that investigation (theory),

theory as a framework to give perspective and direction to the research investigation is

essential to the research process.

Yunani, M., & Pandin, G. (2022). Philosophical Studies of Non-Pharmacological Pain

Management with Transcultural Nursing Approach. MedRxiv.

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