PVM Eg 4749 B

Chevron Specification PVM-EG-4749-B
HEAVY WALL CARBON STEEL AND LOW-ALLOY STEEL PRESSURE VESSELS
SPECIFICATION PVM-EG-4749-B
HEAVY WALL CARBON STEEL AND
LOW-ALLOY STEEL PRESSURE VESSELS
July 1998 Page 1 of 26

CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.0 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................ 4

2.1 Code Conformance................................................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Conflicts ................................................................................................................................................. 4
3.0 DESIGN................................................................................................................................................. 4
3.1 Design Conditions.................................................................................................................................. 4
3.2 Welded Joints ......................................................................................................................................... 5
3.3 Heads and Transitions............................................................................................................................ 6
3.4 Nozzles, Manways, Bosses, and Other Shell Openings........................................................................ 6
3.5 Attachments............................................................................................................................................ 7
3.6 Support Skirts......................................................................................................................................... 8
3.7 Internals .................................................................................................................................................. 8
4.0 MATERIALS........................................................................................................................................ 8
4.1 Pressure Containing Parts ...................................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Nonpressure Containing Components................................................................................................. 12
4.3 Bolting .................................................................................................................................................. 13
5.0 WELDING .......................................................................................................................................... 13
5.1 Acceptable Methods of Welding ......................................................................................................... 13
5.2 Selection of Consumables.................................................................................................................... 14
5.3 Tensile Strength.................................................................................................................................... 14
5.4 Hardness ............................................................................................................................................... 14
5.5 Welding Procedure Qualification ........................................................................................................ 15
5.6 Production (Vessel) Test Plates........................................................................................................... 15
5.7 Preheat .................................................................................................................................................. 15
5.8 Intermediate Stress Relief or Dehydrogenation Heat Treatment........................................................ 15
5.9 Postweld Heat Treatment (Stress Relief) ............................................................................................ 16
6.0 INSPECTION..................................................................................................................................... 17
6.1 Visual Examination.............................................................................................................................. 17
6.2 Radiography ......................................................................................................................................... 18
6.3 Ultrasonic Examination........................................................................................................................ 18
6.4 Magnetic Particle Examination............................................................................................................ 19
7.0 HYDROSTATIC TESTING............................................................................................................. 19
7.1 Preparation............................................................................................................................................ 19
7.2 Required Stress Levels......................................................................................................................... 20
7.3 Other Requirements ............................................................................................................................. 20
8.0 PAINTING.......................................................................................................................................... 20
8.1 Surface Preparation .............................................................................................................................. 20
Page 2 of 26 July 1998

8.2 Priming ................................................................................................................................................ 20

9.0 NAMEPLATE .................................................................................................................................... 20
10.0 PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT................................................................................................ 21

10.1 Flanges.................................................................................................................................................. 21
10.2 Threaded Connections ......................................................................................................................... 21
10.3 Vent Holes............................................................................................................................................ 21
10.4 Thread Lubricant.................................................................................................................................. 21
10.5 Security................................................................................................................................................. 21
11.0 SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENT: TEMPER EMBRITTLEMENT SCREENING FOR
CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM STEELS..................................................................................... 21
11.1 Materials Requiring Screening ............................................................................................................ 21
11.2 Test Specimens from Weld Metals...................................................................................................... 22
11.3 Material Acceptance Standard............................................................................................................. 24
11.4 Reporting .............................................................................................................................................. 24
12.0 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................... 24
APPENDIX A................................................................................................................................................... 26

1.0 SCOPE
This specification covers the general requirements for pressure vessels of the following materials:
1. Heavy wall carbon steel (over 1- ½ -inch thick), or
2. Low-alloy chromium-molybdenum (all thicknesses)
The referenced vessel standard drawings and documents listed in Section 12 are also part of this
specification.
Appendix A of this specification identifies supplemental requirements which apply only when
specifically listed on the individual vessel drawing or data sheet.
2.0 GENERAL
2.1 Code Conformance
Design and fabrication shall conform to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section
VIII, Division 1 or 2 (hereafter referred to as the Code Division 1 or Division 2). The latest
edition, including Addenda, issued through the date of the purchase, shall be used.
This specification requires applying some of the nondestructive examinations and quality
assurance required by Code Division 2 to vessels otherwise designed and fabricated according
to Code Division 1.
2.2 Conflicts
In cases of conflict between this specification and the vessel drawing or other referenced
specifications and drawings, the vessel fabricator shall call attention to the conflict and request
interpretation by the Company. Fabricator shall not assume which instructions should govern.
3.0 DESIGN
3.1Design Conditions
The vessel owner / user (or his agent) is responsible for specifying those normal and
transient operating conditions, and process environments, which the vessel designer must
consider to assure safety and satisfactory vessel life. Under Division 2, the process of
documenting the pertinent vessel design basis parameters is formalized under a code
requirement to generate a "User's Design Specification". Under Division 1, the formality of
an owner specification is not required. However, documentation, satisfactory to the owner
/ user, of the vessel design conditions and intended service shall always be generated.

3.1.1 Unless specified otherwise, seismic and wind loadings shall be calculated in
accordance with Company's CIV-EN-100. The allowable stresses for seismic and wind
loading shall be in accordance with the Code. Alternate codes and standards such as
the UBC, ABSI A 58.1 or local regulatory standards may be used in lieu of CIV-EN-
100 only when approved by the Company.
3.1.2 Unless otherwise specified in Appendix A, all vessels designed for internal pressure
shall also be stamped for at least 7.5 psi external pressure at 450°F.
3.1.3 The design pressure and temperature and the hydrostatic test pressure of a vessel shall
not be limited by the mechanical design of minor components such as nozzles,
manholes, or reinforcing pads, unless approved in writing by the Company.
3.2 Welded Joints
3.2.1 All Category A and B weld joints shall be double butt welded (Type 1), or an
acceptable equivalent agreed to by the Company. Permanent backup rings shall not be
used.
3.2.1.1 An acceptable equivalent for Category A and B joints in nozzles, or other

joints where access cannot be obtained to both sides of the weld, is a single
welded butt joint with a gas tungsten arc (GTAW) root bead that can meet all
of the nondestructive examination requirements for a Type 1 joint.
3.2.2 Integrally forged, weld neck flange joints are required, unless specifically approved
otherwise by the Company.
3.2.3 All Category D nozzle welds shall be double welded and have full penetration.
3.2.4 Dissimilar metal welds are prohibited for all Category A, B, C, and D weld joints,
unless specifically approved by the Company.
3.2.5 All plate and sheet cut by shearing shall be ground to have shear damaged material
removed from all edges.
3.2.6 On horizontal vessels, no Category A weld joint shall be located more than 30-degrees
below the horizontal center line.
3.2.7 Weld joints between the support skirt and the vessel shall be as shown on the vessel
drawing or data sheet. Other longitudinal and circumferential weld joints shall be in
accordance with Paragraph 3.2.1.

3.3 Heads and Transitions
3.3.1 Ellipsoidal or hemispherical heads are required for thicknesses greater than 2 inches.
Torispherical heads shall not be used when the ratio of D/t exceeds 50. (D = Head
O.D., and t = head thickness excluding corrosion allowance.)
3.3.2 Toriconical transition sections are required when shown on the vessel drawing.
Toriconical transitions are also required for all vessels with design temperatures greater
than 650°F, and for all vessels in which the half apex angle of the cone is greater than
30 degrees. Alternative Code rules may be used only when approved by the Company.
Conical transition sections are permitted only when shown on the vessel drawing or
specifically approved by the Company.
3.3.2.1 For vessels with a shell thickness less than 2 inches, a stiffening ring is
permitted adjacent to a conical section for external pressure design. This ring
may also be used to satisfy any internal pressure design requirements. If
additional reinforcement is required for internal pressure design requirements,
it shall be provided by increased plate thickness.
3.3.2.2 For vessels 2 inches thick and greater, any reinforcement of conical
transitions required for either internal or external pressure shall be provided
by increased plate thickness.
3.3.2.3 Weld details of joints between toriconical or conical transition sections and
other shell components shall be designed to permit radiographic examination
whenever possible.
3.3.3 Straight flanges on ellipsoidal heads, torispherical heads (if permitted), and toriconical
transition sections shall be at least 1-1/2-inch long.
3.4 Nozzles, Manways, Bosses, and Other Shell Openings
3.4.1 For shell thicknesses less than 2 inches and design temperatures below 650°F, nozzles,
manways, bosses, and other shell openings shall conform to the following:
1. Nozzles for sizes 2 inches and larger shall be in accordance with Standard
Drawing GF-C14311. Nozzles 1 1/2 inches and smaller shall be seamless,
long weld-neck flanges, or fabricated from schedule 160 or XXS seamless pipe
and weld-neck flanges.
2. Manways shall be in accordance with Standard Drawing GF-C87280.
3. Threaded connections over 1-1/2-inch NPS shall not be used. Threaded
connections 1-1/2-inch and less, when shown on the vessel drawing, may be
either:
a. Pilot boss per Standard Drawing GC-C1043, or

b. Full coupling ANSI class 6000, "set through" the vessel shell
with a full penetration weld, per Paragraph 3.2.3.
3.4.2 For shell thicknesses of 2 inches and greater, or design temperatures of 650°F and
higher, nozzles, manways, bosses, and other shell openings shall conform to the
following:
1. Nozzles shall be in accordance with Standard Drawing GF-C1030.
2. Manways shall be in accordance with Standard Drawing GF-C1030 with
handles and hinges as shown in Standard Drawing GF-C87280.
3. Bosses shall be in accordance with Standard Drawing GC-C1043.
3.4.3 Fabricator may use other designs with Company approval. Other designs that will be
considered by the Company must have full reinforcement for both the new-and-cold
condition and for the fully corroded condition. Nozzles shall be of the type that are
inserted through the vessel wall and must have full penetration welds through the
vessel wall.
3.4.4 Openings shall not penetrate and reinforcing pads (when permitted) shall not cover
welded joints without specific Company approval.
3.4.5 On nozzles and manways having tongue and groove facing, the groove shall be on the
vessel unless the flange is directed downward, in which case the tongue shall be on the
vessel.
3.4.6 Inner edges of nozzles, manways, bosses, and other vessel openings shall be ground
smooth to 1/8-inch minimum radius.
3.5 Attachments
3.5.1 External attachments (such as saddles, pads, insulation support rings, stiffening rings,
lifting lugs, platform and ladder clips, and nameplate brackets) shall be continuously
welded to the vessel unless otherwise approved by the Company.
3.5.1.1 External pads and saddles shall be circular, or have a corner radius at least
equal to the pad thickness. (Where practical, corner radii of five times the
pad thickness are preferred.)
3.5.1.2 Vents shall be provided in all external pads and similar attachments. The vent
shall be drilled and tapped 1/8-inch NPT prior to installation on the vessel.
3.5.1.3 External attachments shall not cover nor intersect pressure containing welds
in the vessel without specific Company approval, with the exception that
stiffening and insulation support rings can intersect Category A welds.

3.5.2 Internal attachments shall be continuously welded to the vessel, with the exception that
a 1-inch skip in the weld at the bottom of an internal pad shall be made for a vent.
3.5.2.1 Internal pads shall be circular, or have a corner radius of at least five times the
pad thickness.
3.5.2.2 Efforts shall be made to avoid covering or intersecting pressure containing

welds in the vessel with internal attachments.
3.6 Support Skirts
3.6.1 Design of support skirts shall conform to Standard Drawing GD-C78876.
3.6.2 Support skirts may intersect meridional welds in heads.
3.6.3 For vessels with a design temperature of 650°F and higher the following shall apply:
1. The skirt-to-shell junction shall be provided with an insulation support ring in
accordance with Standard Drawing GD-C78876. The insulation will be
installed by the Company, but the fabricator shall provide all necessary
insulation supports, as specified, and shall install all parts that are welded to
the vessel and skirt.
2. Fabricator shall provide details of the proposed design of the skirt attachment,
and shall submit calculations of the combined thermal and pressure stresses for
review by the Company.
3.7 Internals
Designs for internals are shown on Company drawings in a manner intended to permit the
fabricator to prepare detailed shop fabrication drawings which will comply with the
Company's design requirements with regard to process requirements and corrosion allowance.
Dimensional changes or alterations to details shall be made only with prior, specific approval
by the Company.
3.7.1 Fabricator is responsible for clarification of any questionable points when preparing
detailed shop fabrication drawings.
3.7.2 Fabricator is solely responsible for the effect of the internals upon the pressure
containing components of the vessel.
4.0 MATERIALS
Materials shall be furnished to the specification and grade shown on the vessel drawing. Fabricator
may propose alternate materials in a separate quotation, but the alternate materials must comply with
all requirements of this specification.

4.1 Pressure Containing Parts
4.1.1 All plate and forging grades of material shall be produced with a fine grain practice,
and material test reports shall so state.
4.1.2 All plate grades of material 4-inch thick and greater shall be ultrasonically examined in
accordance with the requirements of the ASME Code, Division 2, Paragraph AM
203.1.
4.1.3 All forgings shall be forged as close as practicable to finished shape and size to develop
metal flow in a direction most favorable for resisting the stresses encountered in
service.
4.1.3.1 All forgings 4-inch thick and thicker shall be ultrasonically examined in
accordance with the requirements of Code Division 2, Paragraph AM 203.2.
4.1.3.2 All surfaces of forgings, regardless of thickness, shall be magnetic particle

examined in accordance with the requirements of Code Division 2, Appendix
9, Article 9-1 after finish machining.
4.1.4 Castings are prohibited, unless agreed to by the Company in writing.
4.1.5 The tensile and Cv-impact tests required for certification of all plate, forging, and pipe
grades of material according to Code Division 2, Paragraph AF-101 shall represent the
vessel in the completed condition.
4.1.5.1 For Code Division 2 vessels, compliance with Paragraph AF-101 shall be
verified by subjecting specimens for tensile and Cv-impact tests to the total
thermal history that will be required for fabrication of the vessel.
The thermal history shall include all heat treatments, hot forming, heat
treatment after hot forming, postweld heat treatment and at least 2 additional
heat treatment cycles to allow for shop or field repairs.
Note: Compliance with these tensile and impact requirements can be met by
including additional testing of the base metals in the weld procedure
qualification (Paragraph 5.5) or production test plates (Paragraph 5.6)
requirements of this specification with the approval of the Company.
4.1.6 For cold formed components for both Division 1 and Division 2 vessels, stress relief
heat treatment is required if fiber elongation according to Code Division 1, Paragraph
UCS-79 is between 5% and 10% for carbon steel, or 3% and 10% for low-alloy steel.
Complete reheat treatment in accordance with the SA materials specification is
required if fiber elongation exceeds 10%.

4.1.6.1 Cold sizing is permitted after stress relief heat treatment, if necessary to
correct for distortion, providing maximum fiber elongation does not exceed
5% for carbon steel, or 3% for low-alloy steel.
4.1.7 For hot formed components, complete reheat treatment in accordance with the SA
materials specifications is required if the temperature of hot forming exceeds the
normalizing temperature for normalized material, or the tempering temperature for
normalized and tempered or quenched and tempered material.
4.1.7.1 Components that will require reheat treatment by the fabricator need not be
obtained from the materials supplier in the final heat treatment condition.
4.1.8 Fabricator shall prepare a flow chart showing the sequence of all forming, welding,
heat treating, and inspection operations for review by the Company prior to the start of
production.
4.1.9 All plate, forging, and pipe grades of material shall meet the Cv-impact test
requirements of Code Division 2, Paragraphs AM-204 through 218 at the minimum
design metal temperature (minimum pressurizing temperature) shown on the vessel
drawing, with the following additional requirements:
4.1.9.1 Code Division 2, Figure AM-218.1 shall be used to determine Cv-impact

test exemptions for both Code Division 1 and Division 2 vessels.
4.1.9.2 Grades of material are assigned to Curves I, II, III, IV, and V in Code
Division 2, Figure AM-218.1 as follows:
Plate Forging Pipe
Curve I SA 36 (non-pressure
containing attachments
only, < 3/4 inch thick)
Curve II SA 285 SA 105 SA 53

SA 515 SA 181 & SA 266 SA 106
SA 387 (annealed) SA 336 &182 (annealed) SA 335 (annealed)
Curve III SA 516 SA 182 or SA 336, SA 335, Gr P11&12

(if not normalized) Gr F11&12 (normalized & tempered)
SA 387,Gr 11&12 (normalized & tempered)
(normalized & tempered)

Plate Forging Pipe
Curve IV SA 387,Gr 21&22 SA 182 or SA 336, SA 335, Gr P21&22

(normalized & tempered) Gr F21&22 (normalized & tempered)
(normalized & tempered)
Curve V SA 516 normalized SA 350,LF 1&2* SA 333,Gr 1&6*

SA 537,C l
*SA 350 LF1 and LF2 and SA 333 Grades 1 and 6 are acceptable for minimum design temperatures down
to -50°F, without additional impact testing.
4.1.9.3 When Cv-impact tests are required, the minimum Cv-impact energy required
shall be according to Code Division 1, Figure UG-84.1 for both Division 1
and Division 2 vessels.
4.1.9.4 Cv-impact testing is required for minimum design temperatures below -20°F.
4.1.9.5 Cv-impact specimens shall be oriented transverse to the direction of major

working with the notch perpendicular to the surface.
4.1.10 Low-alloy steels shall meet the additional requirements of Paragraph 11.0 of this
specification, if temper embrittlement screening is required on the vessel drawing or
data sheet. For such materials, the manufacturer shall work with the Company to
assign a minimum design metal temperature, taking into account the screening data.
4.1.11 When specified in Appendix A, HIC resistant carbon steel plate meeting the
specifications listed below shall be used.
• Plate shall conform to the following chemistry limits:
- CEq = 0.45 max [CEq = C + Mn/6 + (Cu + Ni)/15 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5]
- S = 0.002 wt. % max.
- P = 0.008 wt. % max.
- Cb + V = 0.02 wt. % max.
- O = 0.002 wt. % max.
• The steel shall be in the normalized and tempered or quenched and tempered heat
treatment condition.

• 100% of the surface of each plate shall be examined ultrasonically per SA - 578
and supplemental requirement S1.1. Acceptance Standard shall be Level III.
• Supplemental weld procedure qualification tests shall be performed on the heat of

steel with the highest carbon equivalent. Test welds shall be made with the lowest
weld heat input that will be used in the vessel construction, including fillet
attachments. Each weld procedure test shall include two microhardness traverses
of the weld and weld heat affected zones made on a polished cross section of the
weldment. Each microhardness traverse shall be located 2 mm below the surface
of the weld toe. No microhardness reading shall exceed HV 248.
• HIC tests shall be performed on the thickest plate from each heat. Tests shall be in
accordance with NACE TM0284, solution A (acidified brine). The acceptance
criteria shall be as follows:
Overall Average of Individual Sample:
Three Samples Average of Three
Sections per Sample
CLR (crack length ratio) < 5.0% < 10.0%
CTR (crack thickness ratio) < 1.5% < 3.0%
CSR (crack sensitivity < 0.5% < 1.0%
ratio)
• For information purposes only, tests for SOHIC susceptibility shall be done on the
thickest plate from each heat. Tests shall be in accordance with NACE TM0177,
Method A. A series of tests shall be performed to determine the maximum
threshold stress at which no failure occurs in 720 hours (stress increments of 10%
of specified minimum yield strength).
• Hardness Testing. Following PWHT, all fluid wetted pressure boundary and
attachment welds shall be hardness tested, and shall not exceed Brinnell 200. One
hardness test shall be performed on each weld or each 10 linear feet of weld,
whichever is more frequent.
4.2 Nonpressure Containing Components
4.2.1 Skirts and other vessel supports for a length of at least 12 inches from the point of
attachment to the vessel shall be fabricated from the same material specification and
grade as the vessel plates.
4.2.1.1 Skirts and other vessel supports beyond 12 inches from the point of
attachment to the vessel may be fabricated from any Code material that meets
the requirements of Paragraph 4.1.9 for the minimum design metal
temperature for the vessel support shown on the vessel drawing.

4.2.1.2 Skirts and other vessel supports shall be suitable per Code Division 2,
Paragraphs AM-204 through 218 for the minimum design metal temperature
for the vessel support.
4.2.2 Permanent external attachments, such as insulation support rings and clips for ladders
and platform, shall be fabricated from the same material specification and grade as the
vessel plates when the maximum design temperature exceeds 750°F.
4.2.3 All material shall be suitably identified as to the material specification and grade.
4.3 Bolting
4.3.1 External bolting used to assemble pressure-containing components shall be studs

conforming to SA 193, Gr B7 for maximum design temperatures not exceeding 850°F,
and SA 193, Gr B16 for maximum design temperatures of 850°F and higher. Nuts shall
conform to SA 194, Gr 2 or 2H.
4.3.2 Austenitic grades of material with strength increased by strain hardening shall not be
used.
4.3.3 Bolts of 1-3/8-inch diameter and larger shall be provided with extra length equal to one
bolt diameter, and a second nut shall be furnished for protection of the extra bolt
length.
4.3.4 For studs in blind holes, either the end of the stud or the bottom of the hole shall be
relieved to prevent galling.
5.0 WELDING
5.1 Acceptable Methods of Welding
Acceptable methods of welding are shielded metal arc (SMAW), submerged arc (SAW), and
gas tungsten arc (GTAW). Gas metal arc (GMAW) may be used only as specified in
Paragraph 5.1.1. Flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) shall not be used without specific prior
approval by the Company.
5.1.1 The interrupted-arc (short circuit transfer) GMAW process shall not be used except for
the following applications:
• Root passes on circumferential, longitudinal, or nozzle-to-shell welds only if

backgouged and backwelded
• Root passes on circumferential piping welds for fabricated nozzles or internal

piping

• Root passes on nonpressure-containing vessel internals
5.1.2 Before welding or hot cutting, all weld surfaces and heat affected zones shall be clean
and free of lead, sulfur, dirt, grease, and any other deleterious material.
5.1.3 All joints welded from two sides shall be back chipped or back gouged to sound metal
before continuing welding on the backside of the joint.
5.1.4 Fit-up of any Type 1 single welded butt joint must be approved by Company Inspector
prior to welding.
5.2 Selection of Consumables
Selection of consumables is the responsibility of the fabricator, and shall be selected to meet
the same strength and Cv-impact toughness requirements as the base metal, and shall be
submitted to the Company for approval prior to beginning fabrication of the vessel. Dissimilar
metal welds are prohibited for all Category A, B, C, and D welds without specific approval
from the Company in writing.
5.2.1 Low-alloy weld metals shall have Cr and Mo contents in the same range as the plate
and forging grades of material. These composition requirements shall be verified by
sample drillings from production welds. Nondestructive, optical emission
spectrographic x-ray, or fluorescence analytical procedures, instead of sample drillings,
can be used with Company approval. Each Category A, B, C, and D weld seam shall be
analyzed.
5.2.2 All welding consumables shall be of a low-hydrogen type certified by the consumable
supplier, or tested by the fabricator, to result in less than 10 ml of diffusible hydrogen
per 100 gm of deposited weld metal. Diffusible hydrogen content shall be measured by
the mercury displacement or gas chromatograph methods per AWS A 4.3. Vessel
fabricator shall provide written evidence of compliance with this paragraph with
welding procedure submittal. A specification sheet for the proposed brand of filler
metal from the consumable supplier is sufficient.
5.2.3 When specified in Appendix A, all deposited low-alloy weld metals shall meet the
requirements of Section 11.0 of this specification.
5.3 Tensile Strength
Tensile strength of the weld metal shall be limited to 100 ksi maximum.
5.4 Hardness
Hardness of the bulk weld metal shall be limited to 200 BHN for carbon steels and 215 BHN
for low-alloy steels. Weld metal hardness shall be verified by a hardness test of each Category
A and B weld seam.

5.5 Welding Procedure Qualification
Welding procedures shall be qualified for all welding that will be used for fabrication of the
vessel, including repair welding, in accordance with ASME Code, Section IX.
5.5.1 When Cv-impact tests are required by Paragraph 4.1.9, welding current and travel
speed shall be considered essential variables to assure that welding procedure
qualification is substantially equivalent to production welding.
5.6 Production (Vessel) Test Plates
Production (vessel) test plates in accordance with Paragraph AT-203 of Code Division 2 are
required for each vessel if Cv-impact tests are required by Paragraph 4.1.9.
5.6.1 Production (vessel) test plates shall be subjected to the same total thermal history
expected for the finished vessel, including hot forming, preheat, intermediate stress
relief, and postweld heat treatment.
5.6.2 Cv-impact tests shall be made for the base metals, weld metals, and heat affected zones
when required by Paragraph 4.1.9, and they shall comply with all requirements of
Paragraph 4.1.9.
5.7 Preheat
5.7.1 Minimum required preheats are as follows for all welding and high-temperature cutting
operations:
• 70°F for carbon steels up to 1.25 inch
• 200°F for carbon steels thicker than 1.25 inch
• 300°F for low-alloy steels of all thicknesses
5.7.2 Preheat shall extend for a minimum distance equal to the shell thickness but not less
than 3 inches on each side of the weld.
5.8 Intermediate Stress Relief or Dehydrogenation Heat Treatment
5.8.1 Intermediate Stress Relief
For grades of alloy steels with 2-1/4% chromium and greater, the preheat for weld
joints shall be maintained until postweld heat treatment, or an intermediate stress
relief can be performed at 1050°F for 1-hour minimum before cooling from the
preheat. This requirement also applies to weld repair of defects and to repairs made to
locations where samples are removed.

5.8.2 Dehydrogenation Heat Treatment
The Manufacturer may request approval from the Company in writing to use a low-
temperature dehydrogenation heat treatment (DHT) in lieu of an intermediate stress
relief (ISR). The Manufacturer's request shall include detailed information and data
concerning hydrogen controls for procurement and handling of consumables,
hydrogen content of weld metals and HAZs after DHT and nondestructive
examinations of weld joints. The Manufacturer shall be required to demonstrate that a
high sensitivity ultrasonic examination procedure is used that will detect ¼ x ½-inch
planar flaws at both the near and far surfaces of the welded joint.
The Company will require qualification of the Manufacturer's fabrication shop with
regard to consumables procurement, storage, and shop floor handling prior to
approving the use of DHT.
5.9 Postweld Heat Treatment (Stress Relief)
5.9.1 Final postweld heat treatment (PWHT) shall be as follows:

Final Postweld Heat Treatment
Minimum
ASME P-No. Material Temperature, °F Holding Time
P-1 Carbon Steel 1100 - 1200 Note 1
P-4 1% to 1-1/4% 1300 - 1375 Note 1
Chrome-Moly
P-5 2-1/4 to 3% 1300 - 1375 Note 2
Chrome-Moly
Note 1: In accordance with Code Division 2 Table AF-402.
Note 2: In accordance with Code Division 2 Table AF-402 except 3 hours

minimum.
5.9.2 The fabricator shall propose alternate postweld heat treatment requirements for low-
alloy steel vessels designed and fabricated from steels meeting Class 2 properties.
The postweld heat treatment shall be sufficient to meet the strength and hardness limits
in Paragraph 5.3 and 5.4, as demonstrated by welding procedure qualification tests.
5.9.3 Postweld heat treatment shall meet or exceed the minimum temperature and the
minimum time required by Code Division 2 Paragraph AF-402. Code Division 2 Table
AF-402.2 for applying the postweld heat treatment at a lower temperature for an
increased length of time is not acceptable.
5.9.4 Postweld heat treatment of the completed vessel as a whole is preferred. Local heat
treatment is permitted for Category B girth welds only, and the procedures must be

submitted to the Company for approval. Nozzles are not permitted in the locally heated
band.
5.9.4.1 Prior to postweld heat treatment, all sulfur or lead containing substances such
as oil, grease, paint, and thread lubricants, shall be removed.
5.9.4.2 A sufficient number of thermocouples shall be attached to the vessel, and

recorders used to verify to the Company Inspector that the required
temperature and holding time have been obtained.
5.9.4.3 The temperature difference between any two thermocouples shall not exceed
250°F. This includes during both heating and cooling cycles. The
manufacturer is responsible for maintaining temperature gradients during
heating and cooling that are not harmful to the vessel.
5.9.4.4 The vessel and burners shall be located to avoid flame impingement.
5.9.5 All bolted internals installed before postweld heat treatment shall be realigned after
postweld heat treatment to comply with the vessel drawing. Excessive warpage shall be
corrected and bolts shall be re-tightened.
5.9.6 No welding shall be done on the pressure-containing parts of the vessel after PWHT or
hydrostatic testing.
5.9.7 During postweld heat treatment, vessels shall be blocked and supported as necessary to
avoid any deformation or damage.
6.0 INSPECTION
6.1 Visual Examination
6.1.1 A Company Inspector may be present during fabrication of the vessel, but the
fabricator is required to provide shop inspection to verify the quality of all
workmanship and that the work is being performed in accordance with this
specification and the Code.
6.1.1.1 Any evidence of poor workmanship or damage due to mishandling will be

required to be repaired at the fabricator's expense before the vessel is
accepted.
6.1.2 Tolerances for vessel dimensions, nozzle and manway locations and orientations, and
other design details shall be as shown on Standard Drawing GA-C1267 for vertical
vessels, and Standard Drawing GA-C1266 for horizontal vessels.

6.2 Radiography
All radiographic examinations for both Division 1 and Division 2 vessels shall be made in
accordance with Code Division 2, Article I-5, and the acceptance standard shall be in
accordance with Code Division 2, Appendix 8.
6.2.1 All Category A, B and C weld joints, including nozzles, shall receive full coverage
radiographic examination after final postweld heat treatment.
6.2.1.1 With Company approval, radiographic examination may be performed before

final postweld heat treatment when ultrasonic examination is performed after
final postweld heat treatment in accordance with Paragraph 6.3 below.
6.2.2 Category D nozzle welds shall receive full coverage radiographic examination after
final postweld heat treatment. All Category D welds that cannot receive full coverage
radiographic examination shall receive full coverage ultrasonic examination after final
postweld heat treatment.
6.2.3 Radiographs shall be retained by the fabricator for at least 1 year after the date of
shipment, and shall be made available for review upon request by the Company.
Radiographs shall be offered to the Company at the end of the year.
6.3 Ultrasonic Examination
All ultrasonic examinations shall be made in accordance with Code Division 2, Appendix 9,
Article 9-3, and the acceptance/rejection standard of Article 9-3, Paragraph 9-320 shall be
applied.
6.3.1 When specified in Appendix A, all Category A, B, C, and D weld joints in shell
components with a thickness of 3 inches or greater shall receive full coverage
ultrasonic examination after final postweld heat treatment. All ultrasonic examination
of welds shall be witnessed by a Company inspector.
6.3.2 Ultrasonic examination of Category D welds additionally requires prior approval of

detailed UT procedures including weld and nozzle configuration, mode of the UT
wave, refractionation angle, scanning position, and calibration blocks.
6.3.3 All weld pad buildups for attachment of internal or external components and supports
shall receive an ultrasonic examination.
6.3.4 All skirt-to-vessel welds shall receive an ultrasonic examination unless another type of
examination is approved by Company. Where possible, skirt-to-vessel welds shall be
designed to permit ultrasonic inspection. If not designed such that ultrasonic
examination can be applied, refer to Paragraph 6.4.3.

6.4 Magnetic Particle Examination
Magnetic particle examinations shall be made in accordance with Code Division 2, Appendix
9, Article 9-1, and the acceptance standard in Article 9-1, Paragraph 9-130, shall be applied
unless otherwise noted. Examinations shall be made by the wet fluorescent technique. All
prod burns on vessels that receive a postweld heat treatment shall be removed by grinding,
unless the final postweld heat treatment will be performed after the magnetic particle
examination.
6.4.1 All weld bevels with a shell component thickness of 2 inches or greater shall receive a
magnetic particle examination prior to welding. All indications of linear flaws shall be
removed by grinding or chipping, and the area shall be re-examined to assure
satisfactory removal of the flaw. Repairs shall be made with a welding procedure
qualified in accordance with Paragraph 5.5.
6.4.2 All Category A, B, C, and D double welded root areas shall receive a magnetic particle
examination after back gouging or back chipping. A dry-powder technique may be
used when the magnetic particle examination is done with welding preheat applied.
This examination shall be witnessed by a Company inspector for Category C and D
joints.
6.4.3 Skirt-to-vessel welds that cannot be ultrasonically examined according to Paragraph

6.3.5 shall receive a magnetic particle examination after the root pass is completed, and
every third layer thereafter. A dry-powder technique can be used when a preheat for
welding is required.
6.4.4 When specified on the vessel drawing or data sheet, all accessible internal surface of
welds shall receive a magnetic particle examination after hydrotest. This examination
shall be witnessed by a Company inspector.
6.4.5 All internal and external attachment welds to low alloy vessels shall receive a magnetic
particle examination after PWHT.
6.4.6 All surfaces where temporary attachments have been removed shall receive a magnetic
particle examination after grinding.
7.0 HYDROSTATIC TESTING
7.1 Preparation
7.1.1 Fabricator shall furnish all test materials and facilities, including blinds, bolts, and
gaskets.
7.1.2 The vessel shall be cleaned internally and externally of dirt, debris, welding slag, and
weld spatter before the hydrostatic test.

7.1.3 No paint or primer shall be applied to the vessels prior to hydrostatic testing.
7.1.4 Company shall be notified 5 days in advance so that the hydrostatic test can be
witnessed.
7.2 Required Stress Levels
The hydrostatic test pressure shall be the pressure calculated to stress the full thickness,
including corrosion allowance and cladding if any, of the strongest Category A weld to a
minimum of 1-1/2 times the Code allowable stress for the material at the test temperature,
provided that no component of the vessel is stressed above 90% of the minimum yield
strength. If the hydrostatic test pressure so calculated will stress components of the vessel
above 90% of the minimum yield strength, the pressure shall be reduced by the least amount
necessary to avoid overstressing weaker Category A welds.
7.3 Other Requirements
7.3.1 Gaskets used for the hydrostatic test shall be of the type required in service and as
specified on the vessel drawing. Gaskets not damaged in the test may be shipped with
the vessel.
7.3.2 After testing, the vessel shall be promptly and carefully drained and dried especially
around trays and internals.
8.0 PAINTING
8.1 Surface Preparation
All exterior surfaces that require painting shall be prepared in accordance with the referenced
coating system data sheet.
8.2 Priming
When priming is specified on the vessel drawing, it shall be done after hydrostatic testing and
in accordance with the coating system data sheet specified in Paragraph 12.0.
9.0 NAMEPLATE
Each vessel shall be identified by a bracket-mounted, austenitic stainless steel nameplate. The
bracket shall be continuously welded to the vessel after stress relief, and the nameplate continuously
welded to the bracket after stress relief. The bracket shall be so mounted that the nameplate will not
be covered inadvertently by insulation.

In addition to the stamping required by the Code, the nameplate shall show the purchase order
number, item number, design pressure (MAWP as applicable), and temperature.
10.0 PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT
10.1 Flanges
All flange faces shall be protected against corrosion and damage by applying a stiff grease and
by bolting on wooden or steel covers with a minimum of 4 bolts. Nozzles fitted with blind
flanges shall be bolted with specified bolts, nuts, and gaskets in place ready for service.
Gaskets prior to installation, shall be thinly coated as follows:
1. Composition sheet - coated with graphite joint paste
2. Metal clad - coated with rust preventive grease
3. Ring gaskets - coated rust preventive grease. Using tape to hold rings in place during
assembly is not acceptable.
10.2 Threaded Connections
All female threaded connections shall be fitted with solid round steel bar stock plugs of the
same material as the connection. Plugs shall have a length of shank equal to at least twice the
diameter and shall not be free-machining steels. Plugs other than carbon steel shall be marked
by stamping to designate the material used.
10.3 Vent Holes
All vent holes in reinforcing pads and saddles, etc., shall be plugged with stiff grease.
10.4 Thread Lubricant
All bolting shall be lubricated with a recognized brand of high-temperature thread lubricant.
10.5 Security
The fabricator shall load and block the vessel in a manner to avoid damage during shipment.
11.0 SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENT: TEMPER EMBRITTLEMENT SCREENING FOR

CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM STEELS
The requirements in Section 11.0 are used only when specified on the vessel drawing or data sheet.
11.1 Materials Requiring Screening

1Cr-1/2Mo, 1-1/4Cr-1/2Mo, 2-1/4Cr-1Mo and 3Cr-1Mo materials to be used in vessels

designed to operate above 650°F shall be screened for susceptibility to embrittlement in long-
term service in accordance with the following:
11.1.1 Welding consumables for vessels made of 1Cr-1/2Mo, 1-1/4Cr-1/2Mo, 2-1/4Cr-1Mo,

and 3Cr-1Mo steels.
Each lot of SMAW electrodes and each combination of heat of wire and lot of flux to be
used in the vessel shall be screened for embrittlement susceptibility.
11.1.2 Each lot (heat) of forging and plate material made of 2-1/4Cr-1Mo and 3Cr-1Mo steels
shall be screened for temper embrittlement susceptibility as follows:
a) Cv-impact test coupons shall be taken in accordance with the applicable ASME
code requirements.
b) A minimum of three test coupons shall be tested at each of a sufficient number of

temperatures to establish a Cv-impact toughness transition temperature curve.
c) A second set of test coupons shall be impact tested to produce a toughness

transition temperature curve, after step aging as follows:
Heat to 1,100°F from 600°F @ 100°F/hr
Hold @ 1,100°F… … … 1 hr, cool @ 10°F/hr max to 1000°F
Hold @ 1,000°F… … 15 hr, cool @ 10°F/hr max to 975°F
Hold @ 975°F… ..… . 24 hr, cool @ 10°F/hr max to 925°F
11.2 Test Specimens from Weld Metals
11.2.1 Test Weld Preparation
Test welds shall be prepared following the weld procedure specifications to be used in
vessel fabrication. Test welds shall be made on plates of the alloy specified for the
vessel. Test plates shall not be thinner than one-half the maximum thickness of the
material to be welded during fabrication. For welds which are to be normalized, test
plate thickness shall be within 20% of the nominal thickness of the production weld.
11.2.2 Specimen Location

Weld metal specimens shall be removed from the 1/4T location.

11.2.3 Record Keeping
Vendor shall maintain for each vessel an up-to-date record showing the identity of
each heat of wire, lot of electrodes, or lot of flux used in each weld. A copy of this
record shall be provided to Company upon completion of the vessel.
11.3 Material Acceptance Standard
Material represented by the specimens shall be acceptable for use if the sum of the as-
fabricated 40 ft-lb transition temperature plus 2-1/2 times the shift does not exceed 100°F.
The shift shall be defined as the 40 ft-lb transition temperature of the step-cooled material
minus the 40 ft-lb transition temperature of the as-fabricated material.
Material not meeting the acceptance standard shall be rejected.
11.4 Reporting
Test results shall be reported to the Company before the material represented by the specimens
is used in the vessel.
12.0 REFERENCES
The following drawings, forms, and guidelines are a part of this specification.
Standard Drawings
• GF-C14311
• GF-C87280
• GD-C78876
• GC-C1043
• GA-C1030
• GA-C1266
• GA-C1267

Engineering Guideline
CIV-EN-100
Data Sheets
• Coating System Data Sheets(s)
_________________________
_________________________
• Other Drawings
_________________________
_________________________

APPENDIX A
PVM-MS-4749 SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
Vessel Identification ______________________________

P.O./Q.R. Number ______________________________
Supplemental Inspection Requirements

( ) When checked, carbon steel plates shall be fabricated for sour service conditions in accordance
with Paragraph 4.1.11.
( ) When checked, ultrasonic examination in accordance with Paragraph 6.3.1 and 6.3.2 is required.
( ) When checked, magnetic particle examination in accordance with Paragraph 6.4.4 and 6.4.5 is
required.
( ) When checked, Temper Embrittlement Screening for Chromium-Molybdenum Steels in

accordance with Section 11.0 is required.
Design for External Pressure

( ) When checked, the vessel shall be stamped for an external pressure of 7.5 psi at 450°F.

PVM Eg 4749 B

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Chevron Specification PVM-EG-4749-B

HEAVY WALL CARBON STEEL AND LOW-ALLOY STEEL PRESSURE VESSELS

July 1998 Page 1 of 26

2.0 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................ 4

Page 2 of 26 July 1998

8.2 Priming ................................................................................................................................................ 20

10.0 PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT................................................................................................ 21

July 1998 Page 3 of 26

2.1 Code Conformance

Page 4 of 26 July 1998

3.2 Welded Joints

3.2.1.1 An acceptable equivalent for Category A and B joints in nozzles, or other

July 1998 Page 5 of 26

3.3 Heads and Transitions

3.4 Nozzles, Manways, Bosses, and Other Shell Openings

Page 6 of 26 July 1998

July 1998 Page 7 of 26

3.5.2.2 Efforts shall be made to avoid covering or intersecting pressure containing

3.6 Support Skirts

3.6.1 Design of support skirts shall conform to Standard Drawing GD-C78876.

3.6.2 Support skirts may intersect meridional welds in heads.

Page 8 of 26 July 1998

4.1 Pressure Containing Parts

4.1.3.2 All surfaces of forgings, regardless of thickness, shall be magnetic particle

4.1.4 Castings are prohibited, unless agreed to by the Company in writing.

July 1998 Page 9 of 26

4.1.9.1 Code Division 2, Figure AM-218.1 shall be used to determine Cv-impact

Plate Forging Pipe

Curve II SA 285 SA 105 SA 53

Curve III SA 516 SA 182 or SA 336, SA 335, Gr P11&12

Page 10 of 26 July 1998

Plate Forging Pipe

Curve IV SA 387,Gr 21&22 SA 182 or SA 336, SA 335, Gr P21&22

Curve V SA 516 normalized SA 350,LF 1&2* SA 333,Gr 1&6*

4.1.9.5 Cv-impact specimens shall be oriented transverse to the direction of major

• Plate shall conform to the following chemistry limits:

- CEq = 0.45 max [CEq = C + Mn/6 + (Cu + Ni)/15 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5]

- S = 0.002 wt. % max.

- P = 0.008 wt. % max.

- Cb + V = 0.02 wt. % max.

- O = 0.002 wt. % max.

July 1998 Page 11 of 26

• Supplemental weld procedure qualification tests shall be performed on the heat of

4.2 Nonpressure Containing Components

Page 12 of 26 July 1998

4.3.1 External bolting used to assemble pressure-containing components shall be studs

5.1 Acceptable Methods of Welding

• Root passes on circumferential, longitudinal, or nozzle-to-shell welds only if

• Root passes on circumferential piping welds for fabricated nozzles or internal

July 1998 Page 13 of 26

• Root passes on nonpressure-containing vessel internals

5.2 Selection of Consumables

5.3 Tensile Strength

Page 14 of 26 July 1998

5.5 Welding Procedure Qualification

5.6 Production (Vessel) Test Plates

• 70°F for carbon steels up to 1.25 inch

• 200°F for carbon steels thicker than 1.25 inch

• 300°F for low-alloy steels of all thicknesses