FLUID

Lesson
10
FLOW IN
PIPES
§ PIPES IN SERIES/PARALLEL
ENGR. ROLLY S. TAMBE
Registered Civil Engineer

CEPC 116 +639076429118

Hydraulics [email protected]
Objectives:

At the end of the session, students will be

able to:
• Differentiate properly pipes that are connected in
series and in parallel.
• Solve for discharge and head losses in pipes
(series and parallel) due to friction through the
application of empirical formulas such as:
a. Darcy Weishback Formula
b. Manning’s Formula
c. Hazen William’s Formula
 Re HL 1
HEAD LOSSES IN PIPE FLOW 2 3 4

q Reynolds Number, 𝑹𝒆
Ø Dimensionless ratio of inertia force to viscous force

§ For pipes flowing full:

𝜐𝐷𝜌 𝜐𝐷 𝜇
𝑅" = = v=
𝜇 v 𝜌

𝜐 = 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑖𝑛 𝑚/𝑠

𝐷 = 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝑖𝑛 𝑚
v = 𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑, 𝑖𝑛 𝑚# /𝑠
𝜇 = 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑎 − 𝑠
 Re HL 1
HEAD LOSSES IN PIPE FLOW 2 3 4

Head
Losses

Major Minor
Head Loss Head Loss

Ø Caused by pipe friction Ø Caused by changes in

along straight sections velocity or directions of
of pipe of uniform flow, and are commonly
diameter and uniform expressed in terms of
roughness kinetic energy
 HL 1
MAJOR HEAD LOSS, 𝒉𝒇
Re

2 3 4

A. Darcy-Weisbach Formula B. Manning Formula

(pipe-friction equation) 𝟏 𝟐/𝟑 𝟏/𝟐
𝝊= 𝑹 𝑺
𝒏
𝒇𝑳𝝊𝟐 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔𝒇𝑳𝑸𝟐
𝒉𝒇 = 𝒉𝒇 =
𝟐𝒈𝑫 𝑫𝟓 𝟔. 𝟑𝟓𝒏𝟐 𝑳𝝊𝟐 𝟏𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝒏𝟐 𝑳𝑸𝟐
𝒉𝒇 = 𝒉𝒇 =
𝜐 = 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑖𝑛 𝑚/𝑠 𝑫𝟒/𝟑 𝑫𝟏𝟔/𝟑
𝐷 = 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝑖𝑛 𝑚 𝐷 = 4𝑅 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟
𝑆 = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = ℎ& /𝐿
𝑅 = ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 (𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎/𝑤𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟)
𝑄 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒, 𝑖𝑛 𝑚#/𝑠 𝐿 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒, 𝑖𝑛 𝑚
𝑓 = 64/𝑅$ (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟)

C. Hazen Williams Formula

𝝊 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒𝟗 𝑪𝟏 𝑹𝟎.𝟔𝟑 𝒔𝟎.𝟓𝟒

𝑸 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟕𝟖𝟓 𝑪𝟏 𝑫𝟐.𝟔𝟑 𝒔𝟎.𝟓𝟒

𝟏𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝑳𝑸𝟏.𝟖𝟓
𝒉𝒇 = 𝐶/ = 𝐻𝑎𝑧𝑒𝑛 𝑊𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑚 𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑪𝟏.𝟖𝟓
𝟏 𝑫
𝟒.𝟖𝟕
 Re HL 1
HEAD LOSSES IN PIPE FLOW 2 3 4

EXAMPLE:
A 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎 𝒎 diameter pipeline 𝟑𝟎 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔 long carries 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔 𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏:
𝑫 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎 𝒎
of water. Compute the head loss using the following formula:
𝑳 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒎
a. Darcy Weishback with 𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟒 𝑸 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔𝒆𝒄
b. Manning’s Formula with 𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐. 𝒉𝒇 =?
c. Hazen William’s with 𝑪 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎.

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

q Darcy Weishback q Manning’s Formula q Hazen Williams

𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔𝒇𝑳𝑸𝟐 𝟏𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝒏𝟐 𝑳𝑸𝟐 𝟏𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝑳𝑸𝟏.𝟖𝟓
𝒉𝒇 = 𝒉𝒇 = 𝒉𝒇 =
𝑫𝟓 𝑫𝟏𝟔/𝟑 𝑪𝟏.𝟖𝟓
𝟏 𝑫
𝟒.𝟖𝟕

𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟒 𝟑𝟎 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎 𝟐 𝟏𝟎. 𝟐𝟗 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐 𝟐 𝟑𝟎 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎 𝟐 𝟏𝟎. 𝟔𝟕 𝟑𝟎 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎 𝟏.𝟖𝟓

𝒉𝒇 = 𝒉𝒇 = 𝒉𝒇 =
𝟎. 𝟔 𝟓 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎 𝟏𝟔/𝟑 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎 𝟒.𝟖𝟕

𝒉𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟏𝟒 𝒎 𝒉𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟒 𝒎 𝒉𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟕 𝒎

Any questions/
clarifications?
PIPES CONNECTED IN SERIES
q Energy Grade Line, 𝑬. 𝑮. 𝑳.
Ø is a line that represent the total head
ℎ𝑓!
available to the fluid.
ℎ# 𝒑 𝒗𝟐
𝑬. 𝑮. 𝑳 𝑬. 𝑮. 𝑳 = 𝑯 = + + 𝒉 = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒎𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆
. ℎ𝑓! 𝐻𝐿 𝜸 𝟐𝒈
ℎ$
𝑯. 𝑮.
𝑳.
ℎ𝑓" q Hydraulic Grade Line, 𝑯. 𝑮. 𝑳.
Ø is a line that represent the total head
available to the fluid MINUS the velocity
head.
𝒑
𝑯. 𝑮. 𝑳 = 𝑯 = + 𝒉 = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒎𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆
𝜸
𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐 𝑸𝟑

𝑸𝟏 = 𝑸𝟐 = 𝑸𝟑

𝑯𝑳 = 𝒉𝒇𝟏 + 𝒉𝒇𝟐 + 𝒉𝒇𝟑 + 𝒉𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒓

𝑯𝑳 = 𝒉𝒇𝟏 + 𝒉𝒇𝟐 + 𝒉𝒇𝟑 (neglecting minor losses)

PIPES CONNECTED IN SERIES
EXAMPLE # 1
Two pipes, each 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎 long, are connected in series. The flow of water through the pipes is
𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝑳𝒊𝒕/𝒔𝒆𝒄. If he first pipe has a diameter of 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 and the second pipe is 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎, what is the the
total headloss? Neglect minor losses and assume 𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 for both pipes.

𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏:
𝑳 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎 𝑸𝟏 = 𝑸𝟐

𝑸 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝑳𝒊𝒕/𝒔𝒆𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝑯𝑳 = 𝒉𝒇𝟏 + 𝒉𝒇𝟐

𝒅𝟏 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎 𝒎 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝟐
𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔𝒇𝑳𝑸𝟐𝟏 = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟖𝟖𝟗 𝒎
𝒉𝒇𝟏 = =
𝒅𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝒎 𝑫𝟓𝟏 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎 𝟓
𝟐
𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔𝒇𝑳𝑸𝟐𝟐 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟎 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟏𝟖𝟔 𝒎
𝒉𝒇𝟐 = =
𝑫𝟓𝟐 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝟓
𝑯𝑳 =?
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝑯𝑳 = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟖𝟖𝟗 + 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟏𝟖𝟔
𝑳 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎 𝑳 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎
𝑯𝑳 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟓 𝒎

𝒅𝟏 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝒅𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐
PIPES CONNECTED IN SERIES
EXAMPLE # 2
Two pipes, each 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎 long, are connected in series. The flow of water through the pipes is
𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝑳𝒊𝒕/𝒔𝒆𝒄 with a total frictional loss of 𝟏𝟓 𝒎. If one pipe has a diameter of 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎, what is the
diameter of the other pipe? Neglect minor losses and assume 𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 for both pipes.

𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏:
𝑳 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎 𝑸𝟏 = 𝑸𝟐

𝑸 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝑳𝒊𝒕/𝒔𝒆𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝑯𝑳 = 𝒉𝒇𝟏 + 𝒉𝒇𝟐

𝑯𝑳 = 𝟏𝟓 𝒎 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝟐
𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔𝒇𝑳𝑸𝟐𝟏 = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟖𝟖𝟗 𝒎
𝒉𝒇𝟏 = =
𝒅𝟏 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎 𝒎 𝑫𝟓𝟏 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎 𝟓
𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔𝒇𝑳𝑸𝟐𝟐 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝟐 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟐
𝒅𝟐 =? 𝒉𝒇𝟐 = = =
𝑫𝟓𝟐 𝑫𝟐 𝟓 𝑫𝟐 𝟓
𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟐
𝟏𝟓 = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟖𝟖𝟗 +
𝑳 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎 𝑫𝟐 𝟓
𝑳 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎

𝑫𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝟒𝟕 𝒎 ≅ 𝟐𝟓𝟒. 𝟔𝟔𝟏𝟓 𝒎𝒎

𝒅𝟏 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝒅𝟐 =?

𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐
PIPES CONNECTED IN PARALLEL
𝟏 𝑸𝟏 q Energy Grade Line, 𝑬. 𝑮. 𝑳.
Ø is a line that represent the total head
available to the fluid.
𝑨 𝟐 𝑸𝟐 𝑩
𝒑 𝒗𝟐
𝑸 𝑸 𝑬. 𝑮. 𝑳 = 𝑯 = + + 𝒉 = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒎𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆
𝟑 𝑸𝟑 𝜸 𝟐𝒈

𝟏 q Hydraulic Grade Line, 𝑯. 𝑮. 𝑳.

𝑸𝟏
Ø is a line that represent the total head
available to the fluid MINUS the velocity
head.
𝑨 𝟐 𝑸𝟐 𝑩
𝒑
𝑯. 𝑮. 𝑳 = 𝑯 = + +𝒉 = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒎𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆
𝑸 𝑸 𝜸

𝑸𝑨 = 𝑸𝑩
𝑸𝟑 𝑸𝑨 = 𝑸𝟏 + 𝑸𝟐 + 𝑸𝟑 = 𝑸𝑩

𝑯𝑳 = 𝒉𝒇𝑨 + 𝒉𝒇𝟏 + 𝒉𝒇𝟐 + 𝒉𝒇𝟑

𝑯𝑳 = 𝒉𝒇𝟏 = 𝒉𝒇𝟐 = 𝒉𝒇𝟑
𝟑
PIPES CONNECTED IN PARALLEL
EXAMPLE # 3
A pipe network consists of pipeline 1 from A to B, then at B it is connected to pipelines 2 and 3, where it
merges again at joint C to form a single pipeline 4 up to point D. Pipelines 1, 2, and 4 are in series connection
whereas pipelines 2 and 3 are parallel to each other. If the rate of flow from A to B is 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔𝒆𝒄 and assuming
𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 for all pipes, determine the flow in each pipe and the total head lost from A to D.
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏:
𝑸𝟏 = 𝑸𝟐 + 𝑸𝟑 = 𝑸𝟒 𝑯𝑳 = 𝒉𝒇𝟏 + 𝒉𝒇𝟐 + 𝒉𝒇𝟒 𝒉𝒇𝟐 = 𝒉𝒇𝟑
Pipelines Length (m) Diameter (mm)
𝟐 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 = 𝑸𝟐 + 𝑸𝟑
1 3,000 200 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔𝒇𝑳𝑸𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏
𝒉𝒇𝟏 = = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟒𝟖𝟖 𝒎
2 2,200 300 𝑫𝟓𝟏 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎 𝟓
𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟓. 𝟔𝟑𝟕𝟗𝑸𝟐𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔𝟓𝟐𝟎𝑸𝟐𝟑
3 3200 200 𝟐
𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔𝒇𝑳𝑸𝟐𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑸𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟓. 𝟔𝟑𝟕𝟗𝑸𝟐𝟐
4 2,800 400 𝒉𝒇𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎 𝟓 𝑸𝟐 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟐𝟑𝟓𝑸𝟑
𝑫𝟓𝟐
𝟐
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝑸𝟐 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔𝒇𝑳𝑸𝟐𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑸𝟑 = 𝟏𝟔𝟓𝟐𝟎𝑸𝟐𝟑
𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 = 𝑸𝟐 + 𝑸𝟑
𝒉𝒇𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎 𝟓
𝑫𝟓𝟑 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟐𝟑𝟓𝑸𝟑 + 𝑸𝟑

𝟐 𝑸𝟒 𝑸𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟑𝟏 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔
𝑸𝟏 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔𝒇𝑳𝑸𝟐𝟒 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 𝟐
𝒉𝒇𝟒 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟓𝟐 𝒎
𝑫𝟓𝟒 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎 𝟓 𝑸𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟔𝟗 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔
𝑨 𝑩 𝑪 𝑫
𝟏 𝟒 𝟐
𝟑 𝑯𝑳 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟒𝟖𝟖 + 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟓. 𝟔𝟑𝟕𝟗 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟔𝟗 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟓𝟐

𝑯𝑳 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟖𝟐𝟑 𝒎
𝑸𝟑
PIPES CONNECTED IN PARALLEL
EXAMPLE # 4
The total head loss from A to E in the figure shown is 15 m. Find the discharge in each pipe assuming 𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
for all pipes.

𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏: 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
Pipelines Length (m) Diameter (mm) 𝑸𝟏 = 𝑸𝟐 + 𝑸𝟑
1 450 600
𝑸𝟏 = 𝑸𝟓
2 600 500
3 360 450 𝑸𝟑 = 𝑸𝟒
4 480 450
𝑸𝟓 = 𝑸𝟐 + 𝑸𝟒
5 540 600

𝑯𝑳 = 𝒉𝒇𝟏 + 𝒉𝒇𝟐 + 𝒉𝒇𝟓

𝑸𝟏 𝑩 𝑸𝟐 𝑸𝟓
𝑫
𝒉𝒇𝟐 = 𝒉𝒇𝟑 + 𝒉𝒇𝟒
𝑨 𝑬
𝟏 𝟐 𝟓 𝑯𝑳 = 𝒉𝒇𝟏 + 𝒉𝒇𝟑 + 𝒉𝒇𝟒 + 𝒉𝒇𝟓
𝟑 𝟒
𝑸 𝑸𝟒
𝟑

𝑪
PIPES CONNECTED IN PARALLEL
EXAMPLE # 5
Water is flowing at the rate of 300 Lit/sec from A to E as shown in the figure. Find the discharge in each pipe
and the total head loss assuming 𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 for all pipes.

𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏: 𝑸𝟐 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝟐
𝑸𝟏 = 𝑸𝟐 + 𝑸𝟑 + 𝑸𝟒
𝑸𝟑 𝑸𝟓
𝑨 𝟏 𝑩 𝟑 𝑪 𝑫 𝟔 𝑬 𝑸𝟏 = 𝑸𝟔
𝟓 𝑸𝟓 = 𝑸𝟑 + 𝑸𝟒
𝑸𝟏 𝟒 𝑸𝟔
𝑸𝟔 = 𝑸𝟐 + 𝑸𝟓
𝑸𝟒
𝑯𝑳 = 𝒉𝒇𝟏 + 𝒉𝒇𝟐 + 𝒉𝒇𝟔
Pipelines Length (m) Diameter (mm)
𝒉𝒇𝟐 = 𝒉𝒇𝟑 + 𝒉𝒇𝟓
1 300 450
2 1500 300 𝒉𝒇𝟑 = 𝒉𝒇𝟒
3 600 250
4 600 300
5 600 200
6 400 450
PIPES CONNECTED IN PARALLEL
EXAMPLE # 6
Three pipes of different lengths and diameters connected in series as shown discharges 160 Liters per second.
If the roughness coefficient 𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐 and disregarding minor losses, determine:

a. The head loss in each pipe,

b. The diameter of an equivalent single pipe that could replace all the three pipes.

𝑳 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒎 𝑳 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒎 𝑳 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒎

𝒅𝟏 = 𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝒅𝟐 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝒅𝟑 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎

1 2 3
PIPES CONNECTED IN PARALLEL
EXAMPLE # 7
A 20-mm-diameter commercial steel pipe, 30 m long is used to drain an oil tank. Determine the discharge
when the oil level in the tank is 3 m above the exit of the pipe. Neglect minor losses and assume 𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐.

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

3𝑚

𝐿 = 30𝑚
∅ = 20 𝑚𝑚
PIPES CONNECTED IN PARALLEL
EXAMPLE # 8
A pump draws 20 Lit/sec of water from reservoir A to reservoir B as shown. Assume 𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐 for all pipes,
compute the horsepower delivered by the pump and the pressures at points 1 and 2.

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
PIPES CONNECTED IN PARALLEL
EXAMPLE # 9
With velocity of 1 m/s in the 200-mm-diameter pipe in the figure shown, calculate the flow through the system
and the head 𝑯 required. Assume 𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐 for all pipes, and neglect minor losses.

3
2 4

5
Pipelines Length (m) Diameter (mm)
1 300 200
2 300 300
3 300 500
4 600 300
5 800 300
Any questions/
clarifications?