Inkle Weaving

by Naomi Binsfeld
Schacht Spindle Company
6101 Ben Place Boulder, CO 80301
[email protected] 303-442-3212 www.schachtspindle.com
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lnkle Weavlng
by Naeml Blnsfeld
Leem Assembly
Insert the bolt end of the tension peg (A) through the slot in the side of the
inkle loom. Place a washer on the threaded shaft and screw on the black
knob.
Weavlng arns
The best yarns for weaving are smooth, strong and relatively inelastic. Perle
cotton (also known as mercerized cotton) in size 3/2 or size 5/2, embroidery
foss, cotton rug warp, linen or frmly twisted wools are all suitable.
tension peg
Weavlng 1erms
Heading: a heavy weft, not part of the main weaving, worked at each
end of the band and removed when the weaving is complete.
Heddles: string loops that are used to control the warp threads.
Pattern Draft: a graphic description of the placement of the different
colors of warp yarns used for the warp pattern.
Pick-up Stick: a smooth stick with a pointed end, also called a shed
stick.
Shed: the space through which the shuttle passes.
Stick Shuttle: a fat stick that carries the weft, notched at both ends. A
belt shuttle has one beveled edge which helps place the weft tightly
for belt weaving.
Warp: (noun) the lengthwise threads that are stretched on the loom
and lifted or lowered for weaving; (verb) the process of putting warp
thread on the loom for weaving.
Weft: the crosswise threads that are woven through the warp yarns.
Diagram 1 - Inkle Loom
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lnkle Weavlng Pattern braft
Before you begin to warp your loom, choose a weaving draft to follow. In
these instuctions we have used the draft below. There are additional drafts
on the last page of these instructions
Diagram 2 - Sample Draft
The top row of the draft lists the warp threads that will be strung through
heddles. The bottom row lists the warp threads which will not pass through
heddles. Read the pattern from the left hand corner, as follows: warp the
frst thread in the top row, then the frst thread in the bottom row. Next warp
the second thread in the top row and the second thread in the bottom row.
Follow the draft, alternating from the top to the bottom until the pattern is
complete.
Maklng the Reddles
You must make a heddle for each of the warp ends listed on the top row of
the weaving draft. You will need 20 heddles for the sample pattern draft.
Heddles are reusable and should be made of a sturdy cotton string such as
cotton rug warp or seine twine. There are two types of heddles, single and
double, either of which can be used on this loom.
The single heddle is made by tying the
heddle string around pegs 1 and 5.
When using this heddle you must place
the heddles on the warp threads as you
warp the loom (diagram 3).
The double heddle is made by tying the
string around pegs B, 1, and 5. This
heddle can be attached during the warp-
ing process, or after part or all of the
warp is on the loom (diagram 4).
thru heddle: d d x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x d d ( t = 20)
not thru heddle: d d x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x d d ( t = 19)
heddles required = 20 (Total of all ends = 39)
total dark ends (d) = 8
total light ends (x) = 31
Diagram 3 - Single Heddle
Diagram 4 - Double Heddle
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Warlng the Leem
Place the loom on a table with the pegs facing you. Move the tension peg A
to the middle of the slot (diagram 6).
Follow these steps if you are using the single heddles:
Thread all of the heddles you will need for your pattern onto each of the
two warp yarns (4 heddles
for the dark yarn, and 16
heddles for the light) before
beginning to warp. Just slip
the free end of the warp yarn
through the heddles.
Tie the free end of the dark
yarn to peg A with a slip knot
(diagram 5).
To wind the frst warp thread,
slip the frst heddle onto peg 5 (diagram 3) and then pass the warp
thread over pegs B and C, and then down to peg 4 and back to peg A
(diagram 6).
The 2nd warp thread is wound without a heddle, and goes under peg B,
over peg C, around peg 4 and back to A (diagram 6).
OR
Follow these steps if you are using the double heddles:
Tie the end of the dark yarn around peg A with a slip knot (diagram 5).
To wind the frst warp thread, pass the warp thread over pegs B and C,
and then down to 4 and back to peg A (diagram 6).
Fold the double heddle over the frst warp thread (working just in front of
peg B), and loop both ends of the heddle onto peg 5 (diagram 4).
The 2nd warp thread is wound without a heddle, and goes under peg B,
over peg C and then around peg 4 and back to A (diagram 6).
Repeat these four steps until you have fnished with the dark color. (Wind
two more warp threads, if you are following the sample.) Cut the frst (dark)
warp thread approximately 2 beyond peg A and tie this end to the free end
of the next color required by the draft (light, for the sample draft). Check that
the knotted ends go around the outside of peg A, and be careful not to wind
either end all the way around peg A. Keep the tension even and continue
to warp according to steps 1-4, above, tying each new color to the previous
color. When all of the warp strings have been wound onto the loom, untie
the beginning slip knot and tie the frst (dark) thread to the end of the last
(dark) thread. Be sure the knotted threads pass around the outside of peg
(A). Tighten the tension of the entire warp by loosening peg A and moving it
toward the front of the loom. Tighten peg A frmly in place.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Diagram 5 - Slip Knot
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Prearlng the Weft
Inkle weaving is a warp-faced weave, which means you will see the weft
only at the edges of the woven band. If you use the same color for the weft
that you used for the outer warp ends, the weft will run invisibly along the
outside. If you use a contrasting color weft, it will show as small loops on
the edge of the band. Use a yarn of the same size and type as the warp, or
use a thicker yarn if you prefer a heavier woven band. You can double your
warp yarn to create a thicker weft. Wind your weft yarn onto a stick shuttle
or a belt shuttle. A belt shuttle has one beveled edge which makes it easier
to beat your weft into place. In additon to your weft yarn, you will need a
6 length of thick string or yarn, or a few small sticks (such as craft sticks,
broomstraws, etc.) to weave a heading. You can wind this heading weft onto
your shuttle on top of the regular weft.
You are now ready to weave!
Beglnnlng te Weave
The inkle loom is capable of creating two sheds, or openings, between the
warp ends. To weave you will pass the weft yarn through frst one and then
the other of these two sheds. You will frst make a heading to practice mak-
ing the sheds and to prepare your warp for weaving the actual inkle band.
Maklng a Readlng
Make the frst shed by placing your hand behind the heddles and pushing
down frmly on the warp ends which are not through the heddles (these are
the moving threads) until an opening is created below the warp ends which
are in the heddles (the stationary threads) and in front of the heddles. In-
sert one end of the thick thread or one stick. Tighten the weaving by forcing
the weft yarn or stick as far forward as possible. Then form the second shed
by pushing up on the moving warp threads until a space is created above the
Diagram 6 - Warping the Loom
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stationary warp ends and in front of the heddles. Insert the thick thread or a
second stick. Work two more rows of heading in this manner. Cut the head-
ing yarn, leaving a short tail.
Weavlng the lnkle Band
Push down the moving threads to create your frst shed, and pass the shuttle
with your main weft yarn halfway through so that it extends on both sides
of the warp. (You can let go of the shed because the shuttle is keeping the
shed open.) Use both hands to pull the shuttle frmly toward you. Now, pull
the shuttle the rest of the way through the warp, leaving a short (1-2) tail
of weft on the starting side. To weave the second row, pull up the moving
threads. Tuck the tail of weft from the frst row into the shed, then insert the
shuttle halfway through the warp and use both hands to pull frmly toward
you. This will beat in the previous row and the tail of weft and create a
neat opening for the current row. Bring your shuttle through and pull the weft
frmly to the edge of the inkle band. The warp ends should be pulled closely
together so as to cover the weft. The weft should turn from one row to the
next without loops. Continue to weave in this manner, alternating the two
sheds, beating with the shuttle, and passing the weft through the shed.
Advanclng the War
After a few inches of weaving you will run out of space to weave. Now you are
ready to advance the warp. Loosen the tension peg and frmly grasp the warp
in two places. Pull the woven band toward you. Be careful to move all the
threads the same distance in order to avoid a shift in the warp. Re-adjust the
tension and resume weaving.
Jelnlng a New Weft
To make a seamless join when you run out of weft on the shuttle, use the
clasped weft technique. Make a loop with the end of the new weft. Lay
in the next shed with the loop sticking out the same side as the short weft
from the previous shed. Make sure that both ends of the loop extend beyond
the band on the other side. Thread the old weft through the loop so that you
have formed interlocking loops. Pull on both ends until the join is hidden in-
side the band. Resume weaving with the new weft. Trim off the excess ends
when the band is fnished.
Flnlshlng the lnkle Band
When the band is as long as you want or when there is no more room to
advance the warp, use a small piece of warp thread to create an invisible
fnish, as follows: weave a loop of the extra warp thread into the next to last
shed, so that the two ends of the loop are on the same side as the shuttle,
and the loop is on the opposite side from the shuttle. Weave the last shed,
and cut the end leaving a 6 tail. Then weave a few extra rows of heading to
hold the last few rows of your band in place. Remove the band from the loom
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by cutting through the warp in the center of the unwoven section. Tuck the 6
tail of weft yarn into the loop you created in the next-to-last shed, pull the tail
into the belt and trim the loose ends. To secure the tail ends of your warp,
you can sew frmly across the last row of weft, by hand or by machine, and
then remove the heading. Another fnishing method is to remove the heading
yarns at either end and then tie, braid, or twist groups of warp together.
Weavlng varlatlens
Longer bands can be made by winding your warp back and forth on the pegs
between 1 and 4. For example the longest warp would wind around C, 1, 2,
3, and 4. The chart below lists the possible warp paths and their lengths.
Note: all threads in a warp must follow the same path up to and around peg
C, and return from peg 4 to peg A.
The width of a band is determined by the number and size of the warp
threads used. A 1 band would require approximately 50 warp threads in the
yarns recommended in these instructions. A fnished width of 4 inches is the
maximum which can be woven on this loom.
War Length: You can choose the length of your warp by selecting one of
the warp paths described in the table below. Start at Peg A and proceed to
Peg C, then from peg C go to the next peg on the list for the warp length you
want. For example, the warp shown in diagram 6 follows the path for a 5-yard
warp (A-C-4-5).
Peg Warp Length
A-C-1-2-3-4-5 = 8 1/2 feet
A-C-1-4-5 = 6 1/2 feet
A-C-4-5 = 5 feet
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thru heddle: w w b b w w w w w w b b w w ( t = 14)
not thru heddle: w w b b w w w w w b b w w ( t = 13)
heddles required = 14 (Total of all ends = 27)
total blue ends (b) = 8
total white ends (w) = 19
Further Readlng
Byways in Handweaving, by Mary Atwater
Inkle Weaving, by Helene Bress
Inkle, by Evelyn Neher
Weaving Inkle Bands, by Harriet Tidball
thru heddle: r r r r r p p p r r r p p p r r r p p p r r ( t = 22)
not thru heddle: r r p p p r r r p p p r r r p p p r r r r r ( t = 22)
heddles required = 22 (Total of all ends = 44)
total red ends (r) = 26
total purple ends (p) = 18
Blue
Stripes
Checks
thru heddle: w b x b w b b w b x b w ( t = 12)
not thru heddle: w b b w b x b w b b w ( t = 11)
heddles required = 12 (Total of all ends = 23)
total blue ends (b) = 12
total white ends (w) = 8
total yellow ends (x) = 3
Chains
thru heddle: m m g g g g g g b b b m m ( t = 13)
not thru heddle: m m g g g b b b b b b m m ( t = 13)
heddles required = 13 (Total of all ends = 26)
total blue ends (b) = 9
total maroon ends (m) = 8
total green ends (g) = 9
Egyptian
Key