Worksheet-12

BIOLOGY Practice Book

Worksheet-12(i) Q.7 An instrument used to measure relative

abilities of different pigments to absorb
(Bioenergetics)
different wavelengths of light is called:
Q.1 Inside the stroma of chloroplast there is
a suspended: A) Photometer
A) Membrane system B) Light meter
B) Set of enzymes C) Spectrometer
C) Membrane system and set of enzymes D) Spectrophotometer
D) Chlorophyll
Q.8 Thylakoid membranes contain:
Q.2 Chlorophyll molecules are found
embedded in: A) Several kinds of pigments
A) Thylakoid membranes B) Only chlorophylls
B) Outer chloroplast membrane C) Only carotenoids
C) Lamellar membranes D) Only xanthophylls
D) Inner chloroplast membrane
Q.9 Carotenes are mostly:
Q.3 Electron acceptors of photosynthetic
electron transport chain are parts of: A) Red to orange
A) Thylakoid membranes B) Yellow and red to orange
B) Outer chloroplast membrane C) Yellow to orange
C) Lamellar membranes D) Orange and red to yellow
D) Inner chloroplast membrane
Q.10 These broaden the absorption and
Q.4 Chlorophyll and other pigments absorb utilization of light:
light energy which is converted into
chemical energy of: A) Yellow pigments
A) NADH and NADPH B) Orange pigments
B) ATP and NADPH C) Red pigments
C) ATP and NADH
D) Yellow and red to orange pigments
D) FADH and NADPH
Q.11 Chlorophylls found in photosynthetic
Q.5 The substances that absorb visible light
bacteria are called:
are called:
A) Radioactive substances A) Chlorophyll a and b
B) Bioluminescent substances B) Chlorophy c and d
C) Pigments C) Chlorophyll b and c
D) Fluorescent substances D) Bacteriochlorophylls
Q.6 Different pigments absorb light of:
Q.12 Green, yellow and indigo wavelengths of
A) Same wavelength light are least absorbed by:
B) 380 – 750 nm wavelengths
A) Carotenes C) Chlorophylls
C) Different wavelengths
B) Xanthophylls D) Carotenoids
D) 280 – 750 nm wavelengths
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Q.13 Plants appear green, because: Q.19 Haem group of hemoglobin differs from
porphyrin of chlorophyll in having:
A) Green wavelength is reflected
A) Iron as central atom
B) Green wavelength is transmitted
B) Magnesium as central atom
C) Darker green color masks over the
C) Four pyrrole rings
yellow color
D) Central atom coordinated with nitrogen
D) Green wavelength is reflected and of each pyrrole ring
transmitted
Q.20 Long tail of chlorophyll which is attached
Q.14 The light absorbing hydrophilic part of to one of the pyrrole is:
chlorophyll is: A) Hydrocarbon tail
A) Flat B) Phytol
B) Long and anchoring C) Phytol or hydrocarbon tail
C) Square shaped D) Hydrophilic tail
D) Flat and square shaped Q.21 The chlorophyll molecule is embedded
in the hydrophobic core of:
Q.15 Porphyrin ring represents the:
A) Thylakoid membrane by its head
A) Hydrophobic head of chlorophyll B) Lamellar membrane by its head
B) Hydrophilic tail of chlorophyll C) Thylakoid membrane by its tail
C) Hydrophobic tail of chlorophyll D) Lamellar membrane by its tail
D) Hydrophilic head of chlorophyll Q.22 Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b differ
from each other in only one of the:
Q.16 Chlorophyll head is made up of:
A) Atoms C) Functional groups
A) Four joined porphyrin rings
B) Elements D) Carbon atoms
B) Four Joined tetrapyrrole rings Q.23 Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b differ
C) Four joined pyrrole rings from each other with respect to the
number of:
D) Two joined pyrrole rings
A) Carbon atoms
Q.17 In chlorophyll head an atom of
B) Oxygen atoms
magnesium is coordinated with the:
C) Hydrogen atoms
A) Carbon of each pyrrole ring
D) Hydrogen and oxygen atoms
B) Hydrogen of each pyrrole ring
Q.24 As compared to chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b
C) Nitrogen of each pyrrole ring have:
D) Methyl of each pyrrole ring A) Two more hydrogen atoms
Q.18 ________ of haemoglobin is also a B) One less oxygen atom
porphyrin ring. C) Two less hydrogen atoms and one more
oxygen atom
A) α – chain C) Haem group
D) Two more hydrogen atom and one less
B) β – chain D) Protein oxygen atom
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Q.25 As compared to chlorophyll b, Q.30 Difference in structure of different

chlorophyll a have: pigments:
A) Two more hydrogen atoms A) Increase the range of light wavelengths
being absorbed
B) One less oxygen atom
B) Decrease the range of light wavelengths
C) Two less hydrogen atoms being absorbed
D) Two more hydrogen atom and one less C) Have no effect on range of light
oxygen atom wavelengths being absorbed

Q.26 Chlorophyll a can be converted into D) Have no effects on the color of pigment
chlorophyll b by replacing: Q.31 Chlorophyll a is:
A) Carbonyl group with methyl group A) Yellow – Green C) Blue – Yellow
B) Blue – Green D) Yellow – Blue
B) Magnesium with ferrous
Q.32 Chlorophyll b is:
C) Methyl group with carbonyl group
A) Yellow – Green C) Blue – Yellow
D) Ferrous with magnesium
B) Blue – Green D) Yellow – Blue
Q.27 Chlorophyll b can be converted into Q.33 The most important photosynthetic
chlorophyll a by replacing: pigment is:
A) Carbonyl group with methyl group A) Chlorophyll – b
B) Magnesium with ferrous B) Chlorophyll - a
C) Methyl group with carbonyl group C) Bacteriochlorophyll
D) Ferrous with magnesium D) Carotenoids
Q.34 It takes part directly in the light
Q.28 Some wavelengths ________ by chlorophyll
dependent reactions:
a are ________ by chlorophyll b.
A) Chlorophyll – b
A) Absorbed, absorbed
B) Chlorophyll – a
B) Not absorbed, weakly absorbed
C) Bacteriochlorophyll
C) Not absorbed, not absorbed D) Carotenoids
D) Not absorbed, very effectively absorbed Q.35 The conversion of solar energy into
Q.29 Due to slight difference in their chemical energy is carried out directly in:
_________, the chlorophyll a and A) Chlorophyll – b
chlorophyll b show slightly different B) Chlorophyll − a
_________.
C) Bacteriochlorophyll
A) Structure, absorption spectra D) Carotenoids
B) Structure, molecular formula Q.36 Chlorophyll a itself exists in:
C) Absorption spectra, structure A) Two forms C) Several forms
D) Absorption spectra, molecular formula B) One forms D) Three forms

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Q.37 Chlorophyll b is found along with D) Absorbing and dissipating excessive

chlorophyll a in: light energy
A) Few green plants and all algae Q.43 Protection against intense light is
B) All green plants and all algae provided by carotenoids to:
A) Chlorophyll – a
C) All green plants and few algae
B) Human eyes
D) Few green plants and green algae
C) Chlorophyll – b
Q.38 Chlorophylls are soluble in:
D) Chlorophyll a and human eyes
A) Carbon tetrachloride
Q.44 Absorption spectrum for chlorophyll
B) Alcohol indicates that absorption is maximum in:
C) Carbon tetrachloride and alcohol A) Blue part of spectrum
D) Water B) Blue and Red parts of spectrum
Q.39 Pick up the one(s) called as accessory C) Red part of spectrum
pigments: D) Violet – blue and orange – red part of
A) Carotenes spectrum
B) Chlorophylls Q.45 An absorption spectrum of chlorophylls
C) Xanthophylls have:
A) Two peaks
D) Carotenoids and xanthophylls
B) Two peaks, one valley
Q.40 They absorb light and transfer the
energy to chlorophyll a via chlorophyll C) Two valleys
b: D) One peaks, two valleys
A) Chlorophylls – a C) Carotenoids Q.46 Pick up the one having broadest valley:
B) Chlorophylls – b D) Xanthophylls A) Absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a
Q.41 The order of transfer of energy is: B) Absorption spectrum of carotenoids
C) Absorption spectrum of chlorophyll b
A) Carotenoids → chlorophyll a →
chlorophyll b D) Action spectrum of chlorophyll a
B) Chlorophyll b → chlorophyll a → Q.47 The absorptive peaks in the absorption
carotenoids spectrum of chlorophyll b are at the
wave length of:
C) Carotenoids → Chlorophyll b →
A) 430 – 670 nm C) 440 – 480 nm
Chlorophyll a
B) 460 – 640 nm D) 420 – 610 nm
D) Chlorophyll a → Chlorophyll b →
Carotenoids Q.48 Photosynthesis is a process in which:
A) Oxidation of CO2 occurs
Q.42 Some carotenoids protect chlorophyll
from intense light by: B) Oxidation of H2O occurs
A) Absorbing excessive light energy C) Reduction of CO2 occurs
B) Dissipating excessive light energy D) Reduction of CO2 and oxidation of H2O
occurs
C) Transferring excessive light energy to
Q.49 The reactions of photosynthesis consists
chlorophyll a
of:
A) Two phases C) Four phases
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B) Three phases D) Many phases D) Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and

Q.50 In photosynthesis reducing power and primary electron acceptor
assimilatory power is synthesized during: Q.56 There are two photosystems associated
A) Dark reaction with photosynthesis which have been
named in order of their discovery as:
B) Light reaction
A) P680 and P700 C) PS-I and PS-II
C) Calvin cycle
B) PS-II and PS-I D) P700 and P680
D) Oxidation phosphorylation
Q.57 Photosystem – I has a form of chlorophyll
Q.51 For synthesis of sugar by reducing CO2, a which absorbs best the light of:
NADPH2 provides:
A) 700 nm C) 730 nm
A) Chemical energy
B) 680 nm D) 660 nm
B) Co-enzymes
Q.58 Associated nearby each reaction centre
C) Energized electrons of a photosystem, there is a specialized
D) Enzymes molecule called:
Q.52 The phase of photosynthesis in which A) Primary electron acceptor
sugar is synthesized by reducing CO2 is B) Chlorophyll b
also called as dark reaction because: C) Accessory pigments
A) It requires darkness D) Carotenoids
B) It does not require light Q.59 Pick up the photosynthetic electron
C) It requires night period transport which is predominant:
D) It cannot proceed in light A) Non – cyclic electron flow
Q.53 Photosynthetic pigments are organized B) Z – scheme
into clusters called: C) Cyclic electron flow
A) Antenna pigments D) Non-cyclic electron flow or Z – scheme
B) Reaction centre Q.60 The photosynthetic electron transport
C) Photosynthetic system which involved only photosystem – I is
D) Photosystems called:
Q.54 Each photosystem consists of a light A) Non-cyclic electron flow
gathering: B) Z – scheme
A) Antenna complex C) Cyclic electron flow
B) Reaction complex D) Non-cyclic electron flow or Z – scheme
C) Antenna complex and a reaction centre Q.61 The formation of ATP during non-cyclic
electron flow is called:
D) Primary electron acceptor
A) Z – scheme
Q.55 The reaction centre of photosystem have:
B) Light reaction
A) One molecule of chlorophyll a and
primary electron acceptor C) Non-cyclic phosphorylation
B) Many molecule of chlorophyll a and D) Synthesis of ATP and NADPH2
primary electron acceptor Q.62 Formation of ATP during cyclic electron
flow is called:
C) One or more molecules of chlorophyll
a and primary electron acceptor A) Cyclic phosphorylation
B) Photophosphorylation

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C) Oxidative phosphorylation C) FADH2 generated by light reactions

D) Z – scheme D) Oxygen generated by light reactions
Q.63 The splitting up of water molecule into Q.68 Pick up the correct flow of electrons in
two hydrogen ions and an oxygen atom, second electron transport chain of non-
by light is called: cyclic photophosphorylation:
A) Electrolysis of water A) NADP → Primary electron acceptor of
B) Ionization of water PS-I → NADP → PS-I
B) PS-I → Fd → Primary acceptor of
C) Photolysis of water
PS-I → NADP
D) Autolysis of water
C) PS-I → Primary acceptor of PS-I →
Q.64 The correct sequence of electron NADP → Fd
carriers which receive the electrons D) PS-I → Primary acceptor of PS-I →
from primary electron acceptor of PS-II Fd → NADP
and pass it to PS-I:
Q.69 This pathway uses the photosystem-I,
A) PS → Cytochrome complex → PQ but not photosystem-II:
B) PQ → PC → Cytochrome complex A) Non-cyclic photophosphorylation
C) Cytochrome complex → PQ → PC B) Cyclic electron flow
D) PQ → Cytochrome complex → PC C) Z-scheme
Q.65 Pick up the one not involved in cyclic D) Non-cyclic electron flow
electron flow of light reaction of Q.70 During cyclic photophosphorylation ATP
photosynthesis: is generated by the:
A) PQ A) Coupling of ETC by chemiosmosis

B) PC B) Involvement of chemiosmosis
C) Involvement of ETC
C) Cytochrome complex
D) Oxidative phosphorylation
D) Fd
Q.71 The mechanism for ATP synthesis is
Q.66 As electrons move down the chemiosmosis in:
photosynthetic electron transport chain
A) Cyclic photophosphorylation
their energy goes on decreasing and is
used by thylakoid membrane to produce: B) Non-cyclic photophosphorylation
C) Both cyclic and non-cyclic
A) ATP C) Water
photophosphorylation
B) Oxygen D) NADH2 D) Z-scheme
Q.67 The chemical energy for the synthesis of Q.72 The details of path of carbon in dark
sugar during the Calvin cycle, is reaction of photosynthesis were
provided by the: discovered by Melvin, Calvin and his
A) ATPs generated by light reactions colleagues at:
A) Oxford university
B) NADH2 generated by light reactions
B) University of California
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C) Cambridge university C) Reduction

D) Tubingen university D) Reduction and Regeneration
Q.73 The cyclic series of reactions, by which Q.79 The number of CO2, NADPH and ATP
the carbon is fixed and reduced resulting molecules respectively required for one
in the synthesis of sugar is called: Calvin cycle are:
A) Cyclic phosphorylation A) 3, 6, 9 C) 12, 24, 36
B) Calvin cycle
B) 6, 12, 18 D) 24, 48, 72
C) Non-cyclic phosphorylation
Q.80 The number of CO2, NADPH2 and ATP
D) Z-scheme
molecules required to synthesize one
Q.74 First phase of Calvin cycle is: maltose molecule from the output of
A) Reduction of CO2 Calvin cycle is respectively:
B) Regeneration of CO2 acceptor A) 3, 6, 9 C) 12, 24, 36
C) Fixation of CO2 B) 6, 12, 18 D) 24, 48, 72
D) Regeneration of RuBP
Q.81 The ratio of CO2, NADPH2 and ATP
Q.75 The Calvin cycle begins when a molecules required to synthesize one
molecule of CO2 reacts with a highly glucose molecule from the output of C3
reactive phosphorylated five carbon pathway is respectively:
sugar named:
A) 1, 2, 3 C) 6, 12, 18
A) Ribulose bisphosphate
B) Ribulose diphosphate B) 3, 6, 9 D) 12, 24, 36
C) Ribulose biphosphate Q.82 The ratio of CO2, NADPH2 and ATP
D) Ribose biphosphate molecules required for one calvin cycle
is:
Q.76 During the first step of reduction phase
of Calvin cycle following change occurs: A) 1, 2, 3 C) 6, 12, 18
ATP →ADP
A) 3PGA ⎯⎯⎯⎯→ 1, 3 BPGA B) 3, 6, 9 D) 12, 24, 36
B) G.3.P ⎯⎯
→ RuBP Q.83 The ratio of CO2, NADPH2 and ATP
NAD ⎯⎯
→ NADH molecules required to synthesize starch
C) 1, 3 BPGA ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ → G.3.P
from the output of Calvin cycle is:
D) G.3.P ⎯⎯ → Starch
A) 1, 2, 3 C) 6, 12, 18
Q.77 The assimilatory and reducing powers
synthesized in light reaction of B) 3, 6, 9 D) 12, 24, 36
photosynthesis are utilized in: Q.84 3CO2 + 6NADPH + 9ATP ⎯→ (CH2O)3 +
A) Fixation phase of Calvin cycle 6NADP + 9ADP + 9Pi + 3H2O
B) Regeneration phase of Calvin cycle It is summary equation of:
C) Reduction phase of Calvin cycle
A) Light reactions of photosynthesis
D) Condensation phase of Calvin cycle
B) Photosynthesis
Q.78 The phase of Calvin cycle in which less
ATPs of light reaction are used is: C) Dark reactions of photosynthesis
A) Fixation D) Respiration
B) Regeneration

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ANSWER KEY (Worksheet-12(i)) Explanation: It is assimilatory power

1 C 23 D 45 B 67 A (ATP) and reducing power (NADPH)
respectively required for dark reaction.
2 A 24 C 46 A 68 D
3 A 25 D 47 B 69 B Q.5 Answer is “Pigments”
4 B 26 C 48 D 70 A Explanation: Pigments are such colored
5 C 27 A 49 A 71 C substances which absorb light.
6 C 28 D 50 B 72 B
Q.6 Answer is “Different wavelengths”
7 D 29 A 51 C 73 B
8 A 30 A 52 B 74 C Explanation: As absorption spectra of
9 A 31 B 53 D 75 A pigments vary, they absorb light of
different wavelengths.
10 D 32 A 54 C 76 A
11 D 33 B 55 C 77 C Q.7 Answer is “Spectrophotometer”
12 C 34 B 56 C 78 B Explanation: A spectrophotometer is
13 C 35 B 57 A 79 A used to measure relative abilities of
14 D 36 C 58 A 80 C different pigments to absorb different
15 D 37 C 59 D 81 A wavelengths of light.
16 C 38 C 60 C 82 A Q.8 Answer is “Several kinds of pigments”
17 C 39 D 61 C 83 A
Explanation: Chlorophyll and other
18 C 40 C 62 A 84 C photosynthetic pigments like carotenes,
19 A 41 C 63 C xanthophylls, phycobilins are found
20 C 42 D 64 D embedded in the thylakoid membranes.
21 C 43 D 65 A
Q.9 Answer is “Red to orange”
22 C 44 B 66 A
Explanation: According to their
EXPLANATION absorption spectra carotenes are red to
Q.1 Answer is “Membrane system and set of orange pigments.
enzymes” Q.10 Answer is “Yellow and red to orange
Explanation: Thylakoid membranes making pigments”
grana and enzymes associated with
Explanation: These are carotenoids i.e.
photosynthesis, attached to these
carotenes and xanthophylls and they work
membranes, are suspended in stroma of
as accessory pigments or antenna pigments
chloroplast.
to broaden the absorption and utilization of
Q.2 Answer is “Thylakoid membranes” light by plants.
Explanation: Each chlorophyll molecule Q.11 Answer is “Bacteriochlorophyll”
is anchored in thylakoid membrane by
means of its tail and head lies inside the Explanation: It is different from that of
lumen of thylakoids. eukaryotic and even cyanobacterial
chlorophyll.
Q.3 Answer is “Thylakoid membranes”
Explanation: Thylakoid membranes sites Q.12 Answer is “Chlorophylls”
for cyclic and non-cyclic Explanation: Chlorophyll absorb blue and
photophosphorylation. red wave lengths of light only.
Q.4 Answer is “ATP and NADPH”

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Q.13 Answer is “Darker green color masks Explanation: It is methyl (CH3) for chl. a
over the yellow color” and carbonyl (CHO) for Chl. b.
Explanation: Carotenoids are yellow and Q.23 Answer is “Hydrogen and oxygen atoms”
red to orange pigments which are masked Explanation: Chl. a have two additional
over by green colored chlorophylls. hydrogen atoms but one oxygen less,
Q.14 Answer is “Flat and square shaped” whereas Chl. b have one additional oxygen
atom but two hydrogen atoms less.
Explanation: It is porphyrin head made up
of tetrapyrole rings. Q.24 Answer is “Two less hydrogen atoms
and one more O2 atom”
Q.15 Answer is “Hydrophilic head of
chlorophyll” Explanation: Chlorophyll a and
chlorophyll b differ from each other in
Explanation: The head of chlorophyll is only one of the functional groups bonded
hydrophilic but tail of chlorophyll is to the porphyrin; the methyl group (-CH3)
hydrophobic. Head consists of four pyrrole in chlorophyll a is replaced by a terminal
rings. carbonyl group (-CHO) in chlorophyll b.
Q.16 Answer is “Four joined pyrrole rings” Q.25 Answer is “Two more hydrogen atoms
Explanation: It is tetrapyrrole means four and one less oxygen atom”
pyrrole rings, however collectively four Explanation: Chlorophyll a have methyl
pyrrole rings constitute a porphyrin. group (-CH3) whereas chlorophyll b have
Q.17 Answer is “Nitrogen of each pyrrole ring” carbonyl group (-CHO). Thus, chlorophyll
a have two more hydrogen atoms and one
Explanation: An atom of magnesium is
less oxygen atom.
present in the centre of porphyrin ring and
is coordinated with the nitrogen of each Q.26 Answer is “Methyl group with carbonyl
pyrrole ring. group”
Q.18 Answer is “Haem group” Explanation: Chlorophyll a have methyl
group (-CH3) whereas chlorophyll b have
Explanation: This is homology between
carbonyl group (-CHO). Thus chlorophyll
hemoglobin and chlorophyll.
a have two more hydrogen atoms and one
Q.19 Answer is “Iron as central atom” less oxygen atom.
Explanation: Haem have iron as central Q.27 Answer is “Carbonyl group with
atom whereas porphyrin of chlorophyll have methyl group”
magnesium as central atom.
Explanation: Chlorophyll a have methyl
Q.20 Answer is “Phytol or hydrocarbon tail” group (-CH3) whereas chlorophyll b have
Explanation: It is a hydrocarbon tail also carbonyl group (-CHO). Thus both can be
called phytol. converted into each other by changing
functional groups.
Q.21 Answer is “Thylakoid membrane by its
tail” Q.28 Answer is “Not absorbed, very
effectively absorbed”
Explanation: The chlorophyll molecule
is embedded in hydrophobic core of Explanation: Due to slight difference in
thylakoid membrane, by its tail. their structure, the two chlorophylls shows
slightly different colors. Some
Q.22 Answer is “Functional group” wavelengths not absorbed by chlorophyll a
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are very effectively absorbed by is concerned, however chlorophyll a is

chlorophyll b and vice versa. present in all photoautotrophs except
Q.29 Answer is “Structure, absorption spectra” bacteria.
Explanation: Due to slight difference in Q.38 Answer is “Carbon tetrachloride and
their structure, the two chlorophylls show alcohol”
slightly different colors. Some Explanation: As they are soluble in
wavelengths not absorbed by chlorophyll a organic solvents.
are very effectively absorbed by Q.39 Answer is “Carotenoids & xanthophyll”
chlorophyll b and vice versa.
Explanation: As they absorb lights of
Q.30 Answer is “Increase the range of different wavelengths other than that
wavelength being absorbed” absorbed by chlorophyll – a and finally
Explanation: Structural change changes transfer it to chlorophyll a by bringing that
the absorption spectrum. into its absorptive range.
Q.31 Answer is “Blue green” Q.40 Answer is “Carotenoids”
Explanation: It is dark green. Explanation: It is as under;
Q.32 Answer is “Yellow – green” Carotenoids → Chl. b → Chl. a
Explanation: It is light green. Q.41 Answer is “Carotenoids →
Q.33 Answer is “Chlorophyll – a” Chlorophyll-b → Chlorophyll – a”
Explanation: As reaction centre for light Explanation: Carotenoids and
reaction of photosynthesis lies in it. chlorophyll-b being antenna pigments
Q.34 Answer is “Chlorophyll – a” transfer the light energy to chlorophyll-a
where reaction centre lies.
Explanation: Chlorophyll a having
primary reaction centre of light reaction of Q.42 Answer is “Absorbing and dissipating
photosynthesis is directly involved in light excessive light energy”
reaction. Explanation: This protection is provided
Q.35 Answer is “Chlorophyll – a” to human eyes as well.

Explanation: As the reaction centre of Q.43 Answer is “Chlorophyll a and human eyes”
light reaction lies in chlorophyll a, so it is Explanation: Carotenoids provide
involved in conversion of solar energy into protection against intense light to
chemical energy. chlorophyll-a and human eyes.
Q.36 Answer is “Several forms” Q.44 Answer is “Blue and red parts of
Explanation: With respect to red absorbing spectrum”
peaks it may be at 670,680,690 and 700 Explanation: Chlorophyll absorbs in
nm. these ranges maximum.
Q.37 Answer is “All green plants and few
algae”
Explanation: Chlorophyll b occurs in all
green plants right from bryophytes to
angiosperms but it is found only in
euglenoids and chlorophyta as far as algae

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Q.45 Answer is “Two peaks one valley”

Explanation: One peak at blue and other
at red wavelengths.
Q.46 Answer is “Absorption spectrum of
chlorophyll a”
Explanation: One peak is near 430nm
whereas other peak is near 670nm.
Q.47 Answer is “460-640”
Explanation: It is visible in the absorption
spectrum of chlorophyll given in textbook
of biology at page 212. Q.54 Answer is “Antenna complex and a
reaction centre”
Q.48 Answer is “reduction of CO2 and oxidation
of water occurs” Explanation: Each photosystem consists
of a light gathering antenna complex and a
Explanation: CO2 is reduced to synthesize reaction center. The antenna complex has
carbohydrate and hydrogen is removed many molecules of chlorophyll-a,
from water which is used in reduction of chlorophyll-b and carotenoids, most of
CO2. them channeling the energy to reaction
Q.49 Answer is “Two phases” center.
Explanation: Light reaction and dark Q.55 Answer is “One or more molecules of
reaction. chlorophyll a and primary electron
Q.50 Answer is “Light reaction” acceptor”
Explanation: It is ATP and NADPH Explanation: Reaction center of
respectively. ATP is assimilatory power photosynthesis lies in chlorophyll a. It
and NADPH is reducing power. consists of one or more molecules of
chlorophyll a along with a primary
Q.51 Answer is “Energized electrons” electron acceptor and associated electron
Explanation: These energized electrons carrier of electron transport system.
are used as a source of energy in synthesis Chlorophyll a molecules of reaction center
of sugar. and associated proteins are closely linked
to the nearby electron transport system.
Q.52 Answer is “It does not requires light”
Q.56 Answer is “Answer PS-I and PS-II”
Explanation: It is dark reaction which
uses the assimilatory power and reducing Explanation: PS-I was discovered earlier
power synthesized in light reaction in than PS-II.
reducing CO2 to synthesize carbohydrates. Q.57 Answer is “700nm”
It may occur in light as well as in dark.
Explanation: This is absorptive range
Q.53 Answer is “Photosystems” photosystem-I.
Explanation: Photosynthetic pigments are Q.58 Answer is “Primary electron acceptor”
organized into clusters, called
photosystems, for efficient absorption and Explanation: Chlorophyll a molecules of
utilization of solar energy in thylakoid reaction center and associated proteins are
membranes.
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closely linked to the nearby electron Q.66 Answer is “ATP”

transport system.
Explanation: It occurs through
Q.59 Answer is “Non-cyclic electron flow or chemiosmosis in cytochrome complex.
Z-scheme”
Q.67 Answer is “ATPs generated by light
Explanation: It is non-cyclic reactions”
photophosphorylation also called Z-
Explanation: ATP (assimilatory power) is
scheme.
synthesized in light reaction which is used
later on in dark reaction to synthesize
sugar.
Q.68 Answer is “PS-I → Primary acceptor of
PS-I → Fd → NADP”
Explanation: It starts from PS-I and ends
at formation of reducing power.
Q.69 Answer is “Cyclic electron flow”
Explanation: In cyclic phosphorylation
Q.60 Answer is “Cyclic electron flow” only PS-I is involved.
Explanation: It yields only ATPs Q.70 Answer is “Coupling of ETC by
Q.61 Answer is “Non-cyclic chemiosmosis”
phosphorylation” Explanation: In both cyclic and non-
Explanation: As same electrons are not cyclic photophosphorylation, the
cycled back again and again. mechanism for ATP synthesis is
chemiosmosis, the process that uses
Q.62 Answer is “Cyclic phosphorylation” membranes to couple redox reactions to
Explanation: Same electrons are again ATP production.
and again cycled back and each time yield Q.71 Answer is “Both cyclic and non-cyclic
one ATP. photophosphorylation”
Q.63 Answer is “Photolysis of water” Explanation: Chemiosmosis is involved
Explanation: Photo means light and lysis in both types of photophosphorylation.
means splitting up. So splitting up of water Q.72 Answer is “University of California”
by light is called photolysis of water.
Explanation: Melvin Calvin and his
Q.64 Answer is “PQ → Cytochrome complex colleagues at The University of California
→ PC” discovered the details of path of carbon in
these reactions. He was awarded Nobel
Explanation: It is photosynthetic electron
prize in 1961.
transport chain involved in non-cyclic
phosphorylation. Q.73 Answer is “Calvin cycle”
Q.65 Answer is “PQ” Explanation: As discovered by Melvin
Calvin. So it is called Calvin cycle
Explanation: Cyclic phosphorylation
involves PS-I, primary electron acceptor Q.74 Answer is “Fixation of CO2”
of PS-I, Fd, cytochrome comple and PC.
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Explanation: In first phase CO2 is

condensed with RuBP in presence of
Rubisco. It is called fixation of CO2.
Q.75 Answer is “Ribulose Bisphosphate”
Explanation: It is Ribulose 1, 5
bisphosphate.
Q.76 Answer is 3PGA

Explanation: In first stage of reduction

phase assimilatory power is utilized and
3PGA is converted into 1,3 BPGA.
Q.77 Answer is “Reduction phase of Calvin
cycle”
Explanation: However additional
assimilatory power (ATPs) are also used in
regeneration phase.
Q.78 Answer is “Regeneration”
Explanation: Only 3ATPs are used to
regenerate 3RuBP from 5 G.3.P.
Q.79 Answer is “3,6,9”
Explanation: Observe the Calvin cycle.
Q.80 Answer is “12,24,36”
Explanation: As synthesis of glucose
requires 6, 12, 18 molecules of CO2,
NADPH and ATPs respectively, maltose
consists of two glucose molecules.
Q.81 Answer is “1,2,3”
Explanation: Ratio remains same.
Q.82 Answer is “1,2,3”
Explanation: It is 3:6:9 actually.
Q.83 Answer is “1,2,3”
Explanation: Ratio of input of Calvin
Cycle will remain same.
Q.84 Answer is “Dark reaction of
photosynthesis”
Explanation: Evident from inputs and
outputs.

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Worksheet-12(ii) Q.7 Pick up the one which is anaerobic:

A) Fermentation
(Bioenergetics) B) Oxidative phosphorylation
Q.1 C6H12O6 ⎯→ 2C3H4O3 + Energy. The C) Respiratory chain
given equation represents the: D) Krebs cycle
A) Oxidation of pyruvate Q.8 Glucose is completely broken down only
B) Glycolysis in the:
C) Kreb’s cycle A) Aerobic respiration
D) TCA cycle B) Cellular respiration
Q.2 Biologists believe that in the first cell C) Internal respiration
that was organized on earth, a reaction D) External respiration
may have occurred which was identical Q.9 During aerobic respiration glucose is
to: oxidized to:
A) Oxidation of pyruvate A) CO2 C) CO2 and water
B) Glycolysis B) H2O D) CO2 and energy
C) Kreb’s cycle Q.10 During aerobic respiration glucose is
D) TCA cycle oxidized to carbon dioxide and water
Q.3 Cellular respiration depending upon the and:
type of the cell and prevailing conditions A) Energy is consumed
varies from the step after: B) Light is consumed
A) Oxidation of pyruvate C) Energy is released
B) Citric acid cycle D) Light is produced
C) Glycolysis Q.11 This form of anaerobic respiration
D) Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in muscle cells of humans and
Q.4 Pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, other animals during extreme physical
follows different catabolic pathways activities, such as sprinting:
depending on the: A) Alcoholic fermentation
A) Organism B) Aerobic respiration
B) Metabolic conditions C) Anaerobic respiration
C) Size of organism D) Lactic acid fermentation
D) Organism and metabolic conditions Q.12 Cristae are part of:
Q.5 Alcoholic fermentation, lactic acid A) Chloroplast
fermentation and aerobic respiration B) Endoplasmic reticulum
are the three ways for the processing of: C) Mitochondrion
A) Pyruvate in the cell D) Golgi apparatus
B) Glucose in the cell Q.13 A large “battery” of ______ slowly release
C) Acetate in the cell energy from the glucose molecules.
D) Organic food in cell A) Organelles
Q.6 What occurs in the absence of oxygen: B) Coenzymes
A) Alcoholic fermentation C) Enzymes
B) Respiratory electron transport chain D) Enzyme and coenzymes
C) Lactic acid fermentation Q.14 A compound found in every living cell
D) Alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation and is one of the essential chemicals of
life. It plays a key role in most biological
energy transformations. It is:
A) NADH C) ATP
B) FADH D) Glucose
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Q.15 Conventionally, ‘P’ stands for the: Q.22 Following are the requirements for
A) Phosphorus atom glycolysis to occur in the cytoplasm
B) Entire phosphate group EXCEPT:
C) Phosphorus element A) Glucose
D) Phosphorus acid B) ATP
Q.16 A far more free energy is released when C) Enzymes and Coenzymes
bond of ________ phosphate of ATP is D) FAD
broken by hydrolysis: Q.23 The first step of glycolysis is the transfer
A) First C) Third of a phosphate group from:
B) Second D) Second and third A) ATP to glucose C) G.3.P to ATP
Q.17 What enables the cell to accumulate a B) ATP to fructose D) ATP to G.3.P
great quantity of energy in very small Q.24 The product of second step of glycolysis:
space and keeps it ready for use as soon A) Glucose 6-phosphate
as it is needed: B) Fructose 1, 6 Bisphosphate
A) High energy ‘P’ bond C) Fructose 6-phosphate
B) High energy bonds of organic food D) Glucose
C) High energy bonds of glucose Q.25 The second ATP is consumed in
D) High energy bonds of lipids _________ step of glycolysis.
Q.18 The maintenance of a living system A) First C) Third
requires a: B) Second D) Fourth
A) Continuous supply of free energy Q.26 The product of third step of glycolysis is:
B) Continual supply of free energy A) Glucose
C) Continuously increasing supply of free B) Fructose 6-phosphate
energy C) Glucose 6-phosphate
D) Continuously decreasing supply of free D) Fructose 1, 6-biphosphate
energy Q.27 The product(s) of fourth step of glycolysis
Q.19 Cellular respiration is essentially: is:
A) Oxidation process A) G.3.P
B) Redox process B) 3PGAL
C) A reduction process C) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
D) Decarboxylation process D) G.3.P/3PGAL and Dihydroxyacetone
Q.20 Cellular respiration is also called as: phosphate
A) Internal respiration Q.28 Pick up the energy yielding process of
B) Biological oxidation glycolysis:
C) Organismic respiration A) Oxidation of PGAL
D) Internal respiration and biological B) Reduction of PGAL
oxidation C) Phosphorylation of PGAL
Q.21 The breakdown of glucose in cell yields D) Reduction of 3-PG
pyruvate in the: Q.29 The step of glycolysis in which removal
A) Presence of oxygen of a water molecule is carried out is:
B) Absence of oxygen A) 3PG → 2PG C) PEP → Pyruvate
C) Presence or absence of oxygen B) 2PG → PEP D) 1,3 BPG → 3PG
D) High Conc. of oxygen

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Q.30 What is equivalent to half glucose Q.37 Succinate is converted into fumarate by
molecule that has been oxidized to the removal of:
extent of losing two electrons as hydrogen A) A hydrogen atom
atoms: B) A CO2 atom
A) G.3.P C) 3PGAL C) Two hydrogen atoms
B) 3-PG D) Pyruvate D) A water molecule
Q.31 During aerobic respiration, the chemical Q.38 Rearrangement followed by a second
substance that enters the mitochondrion ATP phosphorylation involves step no.
to start Krebs cycle is: _______ of glycolysis.
A) Pyruvic acid C) Acetic acid A) 1 C) 3
B) Acetyl CO-A D) Citric acid B) 2 D) 2, 3
Q.32 Before start of Krebs cycle, following Q.39 In glycolysis, the six-carbon molecule is
changes occur, EXCEPT: split into G-3-P and DAP, then DAP is
A) Formation of acetyl-Co-A also converted into G-3-P in step no:
B) Oxidation of acetate A) 2 & 3 C) 4 & 5
C) Reduction of NAD B) 3 & 4 D) 5 & 6
D) Decarboxylation of pyruvate Q.40 In glycolysis, oxidation followed by
Q.33 Krebs cycle is a cyclic series of chemical phosphorylation produces two NADH
reactions during which: molecules and two molecules of BPG, in
A) Oxidation process is completed step no.
B) Decarboxylation process is completed A) 4 C) 6
C) Reduction process is completed B) 5 D) 7
D) Energy consuming process is completed Q.41 The step of glycolysis that involves
Q.34 In first step of Krebs cycle following removal of high energy phosphate by
changes occur, EXCEPT: two ADP molecules to get two ATP
A) Formation of citrate molecules and two 3PGA molecules is:
B) Condensation of oxaloacetate and acetyl A) Step – 4 C) Step – 6
Co-A B) Step – 5 D) Step – 7
C) Hydration and decondensation of Co-A Q.42 Removal of high energy phosphate by
D) Decarboxylation and condensation of two ADP molecules produces two ATP
Co-A molecules and two pyruvate molecules
Q.35 In Kreb’s cycle, for formation of α- in step no. ____ of glycolysis.
ketogluterate, following changes occur, A) 7 C) 9
EXCEPT: B) 8 D) 10
A) NAD – mediated oxidation Q.43 The oxidation – reduction substances
B) Formation of NADH which take part in respiratory chain are
C) Decarboxylation following EXCEPT:
D) Hydration A) Coenzyme Q
Q.36 FAD is reduced to get FADH2 in a step of B) Molecular oxygen
Krebs cycle which involves conversion of: C) Cytochromes b, c, a and a3
A) Succinate to fumarate D) Cytochrome f
B) Malate to oxaloacetate
C) Fumarate to malate
D) α-ketogluterate to succinate

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Q.44 In respiratory electron transport chain Q.52 Accumulation of NADH inhibits the
the first ATP is formed from ADP and Krebs cycle by inhibiting:
inorganic phosphate, utilizing the free A) Phosphoglucokinase
energy obtained by oxidation of : B) Pyruvate decarboxylase
A) NADH C) Coenzyme Q C) Phosphofructokinase
B) FADH D) Cytochrome C D) Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Q.45 In respiratory electron transport chain Q.53 Glycolysis is inhibited by inhibition of
coenzyme – Q is reduced by: phosphofructokinase through feedback
A) NADH C) Cytochrome - C mechanism by accumulation of
B) FADH D) Cytochrome - a _________ in mitochondrion.
Q.46 In respiratory electron transport chain A) Citrate
cytochrome – b is reduced by: B) Oxaloacetate
A) NADH C) Cytochrome - C C) Succinate
B) FADH D) Coenzyme - Q D) Adenosine triphosphate
Q.47 In respiratory electron transport chain Q.54 The final phase of cellular respiration in
cytochrome – a is reduced by oxidation which the compounds NADH and
of: FADH2 are oxidized and their electrons
A) NADH C) Cytochrome - C pass along a chain of oxidation
B) FADH D) Coenzyme - Q reduction steps is called:
Q.48 In respiratory electron transport chain A) Electron transport chain
the third ATP is produced by the B) Non-cyclic photophosphorylation
oxidation of: C) Cyclic photophosphorylation
A) NADH C) Cytochrome - c D) Z – scheme
B) Cytochrome - b D) Cytochrome - a3 Q.55 The first of the two distinctive sets of
Q.49 Normally oxidative phosphorylation is reactions in photosynthesis in which
coupled with the: light energy is required to oxidize water
A) Photosynthetic electron transport chain and O2 is released, is called:
B) Non-cyclic electron transport chain A) Light independent reaction
C) Respiratory electron transport chain B) Light reaction
D) Cyclic electron transport chain C) Calvin cycle
Q.50 NADH + H+ + 3ADP + 3Pi + ½ O2 ⎯⎯ → D) Dark reaction
+
3NAD + H2O + 3ATP. The equation Q.56 The second stage of photosynthesis , in
has summarized: which carbon dioxide is reduced to
A) Glycolysis carbohydrate and which occurs whether
B) Respiratory chain light is present or not, is called:
C) Kreb’s cycle A) Light reaction
D) Photosynthetic electron transport chain B) Light dependent reaction
Q.51 Pumping of protons (H+) across the C) Light independent reaction
inner membrane of mitochondrion folded D) Synthesis of ATP and NADPH2
into cristae, between matrix of Q.57 The removal of electrons from an atom
mitochondrion and mitochondrion’s or compound is called:
intermembrane space occur for A) Reduction
chemiosmosis of: B) Oxidative phosphorylation
A) Oxidative phosphorylation C) Oxidation
B) Cyclic phosphorylation D) Oxidation-reduction reaction
C) Photophosphorylation
D) Non-cyclic phosphorylation
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Q.58 The condition in which reduced

metabolic products comprising the
“dept” accumulate due to inability of
oxidative metabolism to function
rapidly enough. The “debt” is payed off
when the metabolism that produces
reduced products slows. This is called:
A) Electron debt C) Hydrogen debt
B) Oxygen debt D) Carbon debt
Q.59 The two basic molecular systems for
converting light to chemical energy
during photosynthesis are called:
A) Photosystem I and II
B) Light systems
C) Pigment systems
D) PS 660 and PS 730
Q.60 The hydrogen ions move down their
gradient from thylakoid space to outside
through special complexes found in
thylakoid membrane called:
A) Ferredoxine
B) ATP synthase
C) Cytochrome complex
D) Plastoquinone
Q.61 A process of CO2 fixation in
photosynthesis by which the first
product is the four-carbon oxaloacetate
molecule is called:
A) C3 photosynthesis
B) C4 photosynthesis
C) Light reaction
D) Cyclic electron flow

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ANSWER KEY otherwise it will follow the path of lactic

(Worksheet-12(ii)) acid fermentation or alcoholic fermentation.
1 B 23 A 45 A
2 B 24 C 46 D
3 C 25 C 47 C
4 D 26 D 48 D
5 A 27 D 49 C
6 D 28 A 50 B
7 A 29 B 51 A
8 A 30 D 52 B
9 C 31 C 53 A
10 C 32 B 54 A
11 D 33 A 55 B
12 C 34 D 56 C
13 D 35 D 57 C Q.4 Answer is “Organism and metabolic
14 C 36 A 58 B condition”
15 B 37 C 59 A Explanation: In prokaryotes,
16 D 38 D 60 B membranous organelles like mitochondria
17 A 39 C 61 B are absent. Thus, they follow the path of
18 B 40 C anaerobic respiration after completion of
glycolysis. However, eukaryotes having
19 A 41 D
membranous organelles like mitochondria
20 D 42 D carryout aerobic respiration. Similarly, in
21 C 43 D aerobic conditions aerobic respiration is
22 D 44 A possible but in anaerobic conditions, after
glycolysis there is only option of anaerobic
EXPLANATION respiration.
Q.1 Answer is “Glycolysis” Q.5 Answer is “Pyruvate in cell”
Explanation: It indicates formation of two
Explanation: After glycolysis cell gets
molecules of pyruvate from one molecule
two molecules of pyruvate. After
of glucose.
formation of pyruvate there comes
Q.2 Answer is “Glycolysis” oxidation of pyruvate and Krebs cycle, if
Explanation: Glycolysis is such a process oxygen is present and fermentation
which is found in both prokaryotes and (Alcoholic or lactic acid fermentation)
eukaryotes. It occurs in cytoplasm. occurs, if oxygen is absent.
Without glycolysis there is no other option Q.6 Answer is “Alcoholic and lactic acid
for provision of energy to the cell. fermentation”
Q.3 Answer is “Glycolysis” Explanation: Both alcoholic fermentation
Explanation: If aerobic conditions prevail and lactic acid fermentation occur in
after glycolysis it will follow the path of absence of oxygen. It is also called
oxidation of pyruvate and Kreb’s cycle anaerobic respiration.

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Q.7 Answer is “Fermentation” Q.13 Answer is “Enzymes and coenzymes”

Explanation: Fermentation is an
Explanation: Aerobic respiration being a
anaerobic process which is also called as
long pathway involves many enzymes and
anaerobic respiration.
coenzymes.
Q.8 Answer is “Aerobic respiration”
Explanation: Anaerobic respiration is a Q.14 Answer is “ATP”
sheer wastage of resources and is opted as Explanation: That is why it is called
necessary evil. It yields only 2% of the energy currency of the cell.
total potential energy. However, aerobic
respiration yield maximum energy. Q.15 Answer is “Entire phosphate group”
Q.9 Answer is “CO2 and water” Explanation: Conventionally, “P” stands
Explanation: These are the end products for the entire phosphate group. The second
of aerobic respiration along with energy. and third phosphate represent the so called
“high energy” bonds. If these are broken
by hydrolysis far more free energy is
released as compared to the other bond in
the ATP molecule.
Q.10 Answer is “Energy is released” Q.16 Answer is “Second and third”
Explanation: During aerobic respiration Explanation: The second and third
glucose is broken down in the presence of phosphate represent the so called “high
oxygen into carbon dioxide and water and energy” bonds.
energy is produced. See the explanation of Q.17 Answer is “High energy ‘p’ bond”
Q No. 9.
Explanation: The energy of organic food
Q.11 Answer is “Lactic acid fermentation” is extracted from its bonds through aerobic
Explanation: As oxygen cannot be provided respiration and is called ATP (in high
according to the demand in such situations energy ‘p’ bond).
and due to this deficit in demand and Q.18 Answer is “Continual supply of free
supply of oxygen muscles have to start energy”
anaerobic respiration to supplement the
energy. Explanation: Continual supply means
rhythmic supply after equal time intervals
Q.12 Answer is “Mitochondria” but does not mean persistant supply or
Explanation: Each mitochondrion is unabated supply.
constructed of an outer enclosing Q.19 Answer is “Oxidation process”
membrane and an inner membrane with
elaborate folds or cristae that extend into Explanation: It is stepwise oxidative
the interior of the organelle. breakdown of organic food to get energy.
Q.20 Answer is “Internal respiration or
biological oxidation”
Explanation: Cellular respiration is called
internal respiration and biological
oxidation of glucose to get energy.

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Q.21 Answer is “Presence or absence of oxygen”

Explanation: As glycolysis does not need
oxygen.
Q.22 Answer is “FAD”
Explanation: FAD (Flavin adenine Q.28 Answer is “Oxidation of PGAL”
dinucleotide) have nothing to do with Explanation: NAD is reduced by
glycolysis. oxidation of PGAL and NADH+ is formed.
Q.23 Answer is “ATP to glucose”
Explanation: As a result Glucose 6-
phosphate is formed.

Q.29 Answer is “2PG → PEP”

Explanation: Dehydration occurs during
the formation of phosphenol pyruvate
from 2 phosphoglyceraldehyde.
Q.24 Answer is “Fructose 6-phosphate”
Explanation: Aldohexose (glucose 6
phosphate) is transformed into ketohexose
(fructose 6 phosphate).
Q.25 Answer is “Third”
Explanation: It is formation of fructose
1, 6 bisphosphate from fructose 6 phosphate.

Q.30 Answer is “Pyruvate”

Explanation: It occurs during oxidation of
pyruvate. Pyruvic acid (pyruvate) the end
product of glycolysis does not enter the
Krebs cycle directly. The pyruvate (3-
carbon molecule) is first changed into 2-
Q.26 Answer is “Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate” carbon acetic acid molecule. One carbon is
released as CO2 coenzyme-A (CoA) to
Explanation: As one ATP is again form acetyl CoA (Active acetate). In
consumed. addition, more hydrogen atoms are
Q.27 Answer is “G.3.P/3PGAL and transferred to NAD.
dihydroxyacetone phosphate”
Q.31 Answer is “Acetic acid”
Explanation: As fructose 1, 6 bisphosphate
Explanation: Acetic acid on entering the
is cleaved to yield two trioses i.e.
mitochondrion unites with Coenzyme A to
Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate and
form acetyl Co-A.
dihydroxyacetone phosphate.

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Q.32 Answer is “Oxidation of acetate” Q.40 Answer is “6”

Explanation: Oxidation of pyruvate takes Explanation: In step no. 6 of glycolysis
places not that of acetate. two molecules of G3P are oxidized and two
molecules of NAD are reduced (NADH)
Q.33 Answer is “Oxidation process is completed”
and as a result two molecules of 1, 3
Explanation: Oxidative breakdown of bisphosphoglycerate are formed. See the
organic food is completed. explanation of question # 28.
Q.34 Answer is “Decarboxylation and Q.41 Answer is “Step 7”
condensation of Co-A”
Explanation: In step no. 7 of glycolysis,
Explanation: Other three changes given in two molecules of 1, 3 bisphosphoglycerate
A), B) and C) occur in first step of Krebs are dephosphorylated, two molecules of
cycle except decarboxylation and ADP are phosphorylated to get two ATPs
condensation of Co-A. and as a result two molecules of 3PGA are
formed.
Q.35 Answer is “Hydration”
Explanation: No hydration occurs in this
step.
Q.36 Answer is “Succinate to fumarate”
Explanation: The succinate is oxidized to
get fumarate in presence of succinic acid
dehydrogenase enzyme.
Q.42 Answer is “10”
Q.37 Answer is “Two hydrogen atoms”
Explanation: In step no. 10 of glycolysis
Explanation: Succinate is converted into two molecules of phosphoenol pyruvate
fumarate and two hydrogen atoms are (PEP) are converted into two molecules of
removed. The process is catalyzed by pyruvate and two molecules of ATP are
succinic acid dehydrogenase. formed.
Q.38 Answer is “2, 3”
Explanation: Step 2 involves rearrangement
i.e. formation of Fructose 6-phosphate from
glucose 6-phosphate; and 3 involves ATP
phosphorylation.
Q.39 Answer is “4-5”
Q.43 Answer is “Cytochrome f”
Explanation: Fructose 1, 6 bisphosphate
splits up into glyceroldehyde 3.phosphate Explanation: Cytochrome b6f,
and dihydroxyacetone phosphate during commonly called as cytochrome f is
step no.4 of glycolysis which is followed involved in photosynthesis to mediate the
by step no.5 in which dihydroxyacetone transfer of electron between the two
phosphate is also converted into photosynthetic reaction center complexes,
glyceraldehyde three phosphate (G.3.P). from photosystem II to photosystem I,
See explanation of question # 27 while transferring protons from the
chloroplast stroma across the thylakoid
membrane into the lumen.
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Q.44 Answer is “NADH” Q.52 Answer is “Pyruvate decarboxylase”

Explanation: It is first step of respiratory Explanation: If pyruvate decarboxylase is
electron transport chain in which NADH is inhibited acetate formation and
oxidized by coenzyme Q. This oxidation subsequently Acetyl Co. A formation will
yields enough free energy to permit the be stopped. As a result Kreb’s cycle will
synthesis of a molecule of ATP from ADP be stopped from the beginning. It is called
from ADP and inorganic phosphate. negative feedback or feedback inhibition.
Q.45 Answer is “NADH” Q.53 Answer is “Citrate”
Explanation: As NADH stands at higher Explanation: See Book-I page # 299 fig.
energy level and electron move from 11.15.
higher to lower energy level, thus NADH Q.54 Answer is “Electron transport chain”
is oxidized and coenzymes Q is reduced.
Explanation: It is respiratory electron
Q.46 Answer is “Coenzyme – Q” transport chain also called oxidative
Explanation: Cytochrome-b is reduced by phosphorylation.
electrons which are released by the oxidation Q.55 Answer is “Light reaction”
of coenzyme Q.
Explanation: It is light reaction or
Q.47 Answer is “Cytochrome – C” photophosphorylation which uses light
Explanation: Cytochrome-a is reduced energy for photolysis of water in which
by cytochrome c which is oxidized and oxygen is released.
electrons are used to reduced cytochrome
Q.56 Answer is “Light independent reaction”
a.
Explanation: Light independent phase
Q.48 Answer is “Cytochrome a3”
also called as dark reaction or Calvin cycle
Explanation: When cytochrome a3 is is that phase which uses the reducing
oxidized and O2 is reduced to form water, power and assimilatory powers (made in
electrons release some free energy to come light reaction) to reduce CO2 and to
to the lower energy state and as a result synthesized glucose.
ADP is phosphorylated into ATP by
inorganic phosphate using that free Q.57 Answer is “Oxidation”
energy. Explanation: Removal of electrons is
Q.49 Answer is “Respiratory electron transport oxidation while addition of electrons is
chain” reduction.
Explanation: There are three different Q.58 Answer is “Oxygen debt”
sites where oxidative phosphorylation Explanation: It have been taken from
occurs to yield three ATP molecules glossary of text book of biology book-I. It
during respiratory electron transport chain. is definition of oxygen debt.
Q.50 Answer is “Respiratory chain” Q.59 Answer is “Photosystem-I and
Explanation: This is summary equation of photosystem-II”
respiratory electron transport chain. Explanation: Photosystems convert light
Q.51 Answer is “Oxidative phosphorylation” energy into chemical energy.
Explanation: The organelle (mitochondrion)
clearly indicates it.
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Q.60 Answer is “ATP synthase”

Explanation: ATP synthase is an
important enzyme that creates the energy
storage molecules adenosine triphosphate
(ATP). ATP is the most commonly used
“energy currency” of cells from most
organisms.
Q.61 Answer is “C4 photosynthesis”
Explanation: A photosynthetic process
which proceeds in the mesophyll and
bindle sheath cells of C4 plants.

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