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    Ultrasonic Testing Useful Formula

    Uploaded by

    Baguz Saputra
    The document provides 12 formulas for calculating key parameters used in ultrasonic testing. It defines formulas for calculating the velocity of ultrasonic waves, acoustic impedance, reflection and transmission coefficients, longitudinal and shear wave velocities, refraction based on Snell's law, parameters of the near field, beam spread half angle, decibel gain or loss, and calculations for angle beam testing of pipes including probe angle, skip distance, V-path length, leg length, and surface distance.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Ultrasonic Testing Useful Formula

    Uploaded by

    Baguz Saputra
    89 views4 pages
    The document provides 12 formulas for calculating key parameters used in ultrasonic testing. It defines formulas for calculating the velocity of ultrasonic waves, acoustic impedance, reflection and transmission coefficients, longitudinal and shear wave velocities, refraction based on Snell's law, parameters of the near field, beam spread half angle, decibel gain or loss, and calculations for angle beam testing of pipes including probe angle, skip distance, V-path length, leg length, and surface distance.

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    The document provides 12 formulas for calculating key parameters used in ultrasonic testing. It defines formulas for calculating the velocity of ultrasonic waves, acoustic impedance, reflection and transmission coefficients, longitudinal and shear wave velocities, refraction based on Snell's law, parameters of the near field, beam spread half angle, decibel gain or loss, and calculations for angle beam testing of pipes including probe angle, skip distance, V-path length, leg length, and surface distance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    89 views4 pages

    Ultrasonic Testing Useful Formula

    Uploaded by

    Baguz Saputra
    The document provides 12 formulas for calculating key parameters used in ultrasonic testing. It defines formulas for calculating the velocity of ultrasonic waves, acoustic impedance, reflection and transmission coefficients, longitudinal and shear wave velocities, refraction based on Snell's law, parameters of the near field, beam spread half angle, decibel gain or loss, and calculations for angle beam testing of pipes including probe angle, skip distance, V-path length, leg length, and surface distance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    ULTRASONIC TESTING (UT) USEFUL FORMULA

    1. Velocity of Ultrasonic Waves in a medium (V) = f x l

    OR

    Where

    f = Number of cycles per second is called frequency. Measured in ‘Hertz’. Abbreviated


    as ‘Hz’. One Hertz is equivalent to One cycle per second

    l = Distance covered in one cycle is wavelength

    V= Velocity of Ultrasonic wave inside the medium in ‘mm/s’

    2. Acoustic Impedance (Z) = V x r

    Where:

    Z= Acoustic Impedance

    r= Density
    V= Velocity

    3. Reflection Coefficient

    Where:

    R = Reflection Coefficient
    Z1 = Acoustic Impedance of Medium 1
    Z2 = Acoustic Impedance of Medium 2

    
    Page 1 of 4
    2011-12 For refererence only
    4. Transmission coefficient
    T = 4 Z1Z2/ (Z1+Z2)2

    Where:

    R = Reflection Coefficient
    Z1 = Acoustic Impedance of Medium 1
    Z2 = Acoustic Impedance of Medium 2

    5. Longitudinal Wave Velocity

    Where:

    VL = Longitudinal Wave Velocity


    E = Modulus of Elasticity
    r = Density
    m = Poisson's Ratio

    6. Shear Wave Velocity

    Where:

    Vs = Shear Wave Velocity


    E = Modulus of Elasticity
    r = Density
    m = Poisson's Ratio
    G= Shear Modulus

    7. Refraction - Snell's Law: That is the ratio of sine of the angle to the respective wave
    velocities are proportional.

    Where:

    qI = Angle of the Incident Wave


    qR = Angle of the Reflected Wave
    V1 = Velocity of Incident Wave
    V2 = Velocity of Reflected Wave

    Page 2 of 4
    2011-12
    8. Near Field

    Where:

    N = Near Field
    D = Transducer Diameter
    l = Wavelength
    V = Velocity

    9. Beam Spread Half Angle

    Where:

    l = Wavelength
    D = Transducer Diameter
    V = Velocity
    F = Frequency

    10. Decibel (dB) Gain or Loss

    Where:

    dB = Decibel
    P1 = Pressure Amplitude 1
    P2 = Pressure Amplitude 2

    11. Angle Beam testing of Pipe

    d(1- Sin Ø)
    t=
    2

    2t
    Sin Ø = 1-
    d
    d = O.D. of Pipe
    t = Maximum wall thickness Ø = Probe angle

    Page 3 of 4

    2011-12 For refererence only


    12. Formulae for Angle Beam Calculations

    β = Sound beam refracted angle in the test material

    T = Thickness of the test material

    Skip Distance

    S = 2T x tan β

    V-Path Length

    2T
    V-Path =
    cosβ

    Leg Length

    T
    Leg =
    cosβ

    Surface Distnace

    SD = sinβ x Soundpath Length

    Depth in First Leg

    Depth (1st Leg) = cosβ x Sound path Length

    Depth in Second Leg


    Depth (2nd Leg) = 2T – (cosβ x Sound path Length)

    Page 4 of 4
    2011-12 For refererence only

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