Faridpur Engineering College

Course tilte : Environmental Engineering Ⅱ

Course teacher
Md. Irfan Habib
Lecturer
Dept. of Civil Engineering
Course Syllabus:
Wastewater Engineering: introduction; water supply,
sanitation and health; estimation of wastewater;
wastewater collection system; hydraulic design of
sewer; construction and maintenance of sanitary sewer
and storm drainage system; sewer appurtenances;
plumbing system. Microbiology of sewage and waste
water; wastewater characteristics; primary and
secondary treatment method and disposal; sludge
treatment and disposal; low cost SBS for small
township.
 Learning Outcome:
i. Wastewater and types of wastewater
ii. Terminology of wastewater engineering
iii. Sewerage system: design, construction, etc.
iv. Treatment of wastewater
v. Microbiology in wastewater treatment
vi. Small bore sewer system and simplified sewer system
ⅶ. Importance of sanitation in health
Some Important Terms
I. Wastewater: is the liquid waste conveyed by a sewer and
may include domestic and industrial discharges as well as
storm sewage, infiltration and inflow.
II. Domestic (Sanitary) sewage: is the liquid waste which
originates in the sanitary conveniences, e.g., water closets,
urinals, baths, sinks etc. of dwellings, commercial or
industrial facilities, and institutions. This is sometimes also
referred to as black water.
III. Industrial wastewater: includes the liquid discharges from
spent water in different industrial processes such as
manufacturing and food precessing.
iv. Sullage: is the liquid discharge from kitchen, wash basin
etc. and excludes discharge from WCs and urinals. Sullage,
also known as grey water, is less foul than domestic sewage
and can be discharged through open surface drains in
unsewered area.
v. Storm water: is the surface runoff obtained during and
immediately after the rainfall, which enters sewers through
inlets. Storm water is not as foul as sanitary or industrial
sewage and hence can be carried through open drains or
cannels and disposed of in natural rivers or streams without
any treatment.
vi. Infiltration: is the water which enters the sewer from the
ground through leaks or faulty joints.
vii. Sewer: is a pipe or conduit, generally closed, but normally
not flowing full, which carries sewage.
viii. Sanitary sewer: carries sanitary sewage and is designed to
exclude storm sewage, infiltration, and surface surface inflow.
Industrial Industrial waste may be carried carried in sanitary
sewers, depending upon its characteristics.
ix. Storm sewer: carries storm sewage and any other waste
which may be discharged into the streets or onto the surface of
the ground.
x. Sewerage: refers to the entire system of collection, treatment
and disposal of sewage through a system of reticulation sewer
Elements of waste water collection system
• The essential elements of a sewerage system include:
i. Collection: refers to the collection of sewage from different
points of generation.
ii. Transportation: refers to the conveying of sewage to any
desired points through a network of sewers.
iii. Treatment: Sewage treatment includes any process process
which may be used to favourably modify the characteristics of
sewage.
iv. Disposal: refers to the discharge of liquid wastes to the
environment Normally, but not always disposal implies some
degree of treatment prior to discharge.
Types of wastewater Collection System
There are three different collection systems:
i. Separate sewerage system: In this system sanitary sewage and storm waste
are collected and conveyed separately through two different system.
Advantages:
Sewers are of small size;
Only sanitary sewage is treated;
Storm water can be discharged without treatment;
Sewage lifting is less costly because of less volume.
Disadvantages:
Two sets of sewers may prove costly
Smaller sewers may difficult to clean
ii. Combined sewerage system: In this system both sanitary sewage and storm
water are collected and conveyed together through a single set of sewers.
Advantages:
• Only one set of sewers might prove economical;
• Larger sewers are easy to clean;
• Strength of sewage diluted with storm water.
Disadvantages:
• Increased load on treatment plant;
• Larger volume requires to be lifted;
• Heavy rains may cause overflow and thus create a nuisance;
• Storm water is polluted unnecessarily;
• More difficult to properly treat the wastewater to high quality standards;
• Flow during the dry period may cause difficulties in maintaining minimum
flow.
iii. Partially Combined or partially separate system: In this system only
one set of sewers is laid to carry sanitary sewage as well as storm water
during low rainfall. During heavy rainfall excess storm water is carries
separately e.g., through open drain to natural channels.
Advantages:
• Size of sewer is not very large;
• Advantages of both separate and combined systems;
• Minimal solid deposition problem;
• Problems of storm water discharges from homes is simplified.
Disadvantages:
• Velocity of flow may be low during the dry period
• Increased load on pump and treatment unit
Suitable conditions for separate system:
1. In flat areas a separate system is economical as deep excavation is
not required.
2.When sufficient funds are not available for two sets of sewer
systems, only a sanitary sewerage system may be installed.
3.Where rainfall is not uniform throughout the year a separate
system is suitable.
4. In areas near rivers or streams, only a sanitary system may be
installed; storm water may be disposed of into rivers untreated,
through open drains.
5. Where pumping is required at short intervals.
6. In rocky areas where large combined systems may be difficult to
install.
7. If sewers are to be laid before actual development of the area, a separate
system is desirable
Suitable conditions for combined system:
1. Where rainfall is uniform throughout the year a combined
system is economical.
2. Where pumping is required for both sanitary sewage and
storm water.
3. Where sufficient sufficient space is not available available for two
separate separate sets of sewer system
 That’s all for today…..
Thanks a lot for taking stress