Quarter 4 - Module 4

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Basic Education Department
Module
in
Technology and
Livelihood Education 7
(CARPENTRY)
1|P age
TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION 10 (CARPENTRY)
MODULE IV
CONTENT STANDARDS:
The learner demonstrates an understanding of the concepts in interpreting
technical drawing signs and symbols in carpentry.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS:
The learner independently reads and interprets simple technical drawing signs
and symbols based on standard specifications.
LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
 Analyze signs, symbols and data.
a. Explain the importance of signs, symbols and data in interpreting a
work plan.
b. Determine appropriate signs and symbols needed in the plan.
 Interpret technical drawings and plans.
a. Read working plan.
b. Interpret working plan.
 Apply free hand sketching.
a. Perform freehand sketching exercises.
b. draw simple carpentry plans based on given task.
DRAWING SINGS AND SYMBOLS
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

a. Name the types of lines used in carpentry drawings and plans;
b. Identify the types of lines used in carpentry drawings and plans;
c. Discuss the importance of using signs, symbols in carpentry drawings
and plans;
d. Define and discuss technical drawings and plans;
e. Draw simple carpentry plans.
INTRODUCTION
When drawing or making a plan, lines are used to represent different symbols.
Different lines conver different meanings. To be able to understand and interpret a plan
clearly, one must know the different lines and their uses in making plans and layouts.
2|P age
MODULE IV
CHECKPOINT: Take the challenge given below to test what

you already know about signs and symbols used in technical
drawing.
Direction: Name the following drawing signs or symbols presented below.
1. __________________________
2. __________________________
3. __________________________
4. __________________________
5. __________________________
6. __________________________
7. __________________________
8. __________________________
9. __________________________
10. __________________________
3|P age
MODULE IV
Line symbols used in technical drawing are often referred to as ALPHABET OF

LINES. The use of line symbols enables engineers/designers to express features of
designed products clearly and accurately. Line features vary not only by width but also
by how they are graphically represented in a drawing.
Line significance is conveyed by line weight or thickness of the line. Every line is
drawn at different thickness and darkness to express contrast as well as importance.
Lines that are less important are thin and light. Key to successful drafting is to have a
good technical knowledge of these various line characteristics – to understand where
and when to apply them in technical drawing.
Lines Character of Lines Applications
Visible Line
Hidden
Line/Invisible
Line
Section Line
Center Line
4|P age
MODULE IV
Dimension
Line,
Extension
Line
Dimension Line
Cutting plane
Line
Long-break
line
Phantom Line
5|P age
MODULE IV
Leader Line
Uses of Alphabet of Lines
Line Description and Uses Representation

Construction Very light line used to “block in” an
line object. These lines are made so light
that little or no erasing is needed.
They serve as base for darkening in
the permanent line.
Borderline Heavy, solid line used to frame in the

drawing.
Visible line A medium line used to show edges

and contours not visible to the eye.
Invisible line A medium line used to show edges
and contours not visible to the eye.
Centerline A light line used as axis of symmetry.
Used for center of circle and arcs.
Sometimes the symbol is shown.
Dimension Light thin lines used to show the sizes

line of the object. Extension lights start
about 1/16” from visible or object
6|P age
MODULE IV
line. The dimension line is broken

near the center for the dimension.
Long break Heavy line draws freehand for same
line purpose as long break.
ACTIVITY: Using a clean sheet of bond paper, draw the different alphabet
of lines with label. Read the rubric on how you will be graded.
Criteria Excellent(4) Very Good(3) Good(2) Fair(1)
Neatness and All shapes are neatly The drawing is Most of the The drawing is
Craftsmanship and effectively filled in neatly filled in shapes are unfinished or
with lines. The with lines. The neatly filled in appears messy
drawing is drawing is lines. Some of and needs
exceptionally attractive completely the drawing attention.
and flawless. finished. needs further
attention.
Lines Lines are fine and bold Lines are clean Lines are Lines are vague
and clean and fair. The and fair. Lines acceptably and dirty.
lines portrayed greatly shows the visible and
the image shown. object drawn. expressive
though unclean.
Completeness Draw all the alphabet Draw one- Draw one-five Draw one-three
of lines. seven alphabet alphabet of lines. alphabet of lines.
of lines.
7|P age
MODULE IV
INTERPRET TECHNICAL DRAWINGS AND PLANS
Technical drawings provide clear and accurate information how an object is to be

manufactured. It shows and describes clearly and accurately the information required to
build or manufacture a product.
Technical drawing is a form of design communication based on line symbols
recognized and understood worldwide. Hence, technical drawing is often referred to as
a universal language understood (readable) by anyone regardless of the language they
speak.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF DRAWING
A. Orthographic Drawing- It is also known as orthographic projection which derived
from the glass box model where the object is placed on a series of positions (plan or
top view, elevation front and side) relative to the viewing plane. To view the actual
configuration or outline of the three-dimensions of an object (the length, width and
height). All three types must be used together to show their relationship and to show
the spatial and solid elements of an object.
Example:
8|P age
MODULE IV
B. Perspective Drawing- This drawing is used as a presentation drawing to portray the

finished object, building, or an interior space. It is prepared based on two-dimensional
drawings, such as plan and elevation, and in some instances, the section of the object.
These drawings are in turn drawn by a method as orthographic projection. It also
shows the optical effect that makes an object appear smaller the farther away it gets
from the viewer.
Example:
C. Isometric Drawing- A form of 3d drawing, which is set out using 30-degree angles. It
is a type of axonometric drawing so the same scale is used for every axis, resulting in a
non-distorted image.
Example:
9|P age
MODULE IV
ACTIVITY: Study the given data and figure below and answer the
questions given on the next page.
Center Table Components

Legs- 4pcs. 45mm x 45mm x 500mm wood
Rails- (short) 2pieces 25mm x70mm x 600mm
Rails- (long) 2 pieces 25mm x 70mm x 800 mm
Top-1 pc. 25mm x 600 x 800 mm plywood/ply board
Assemblies Joints
 Mortise and tendon joint – for the rails and legs (see details on the attached working
drawing)
Dimensions and specification (See dimensions and specifications on the attached

working drawing)
1. Legs must be tapered.
2. All joints must be filled with glue.
3. All wood used must be tanguile.
4. All dimensions must be in millimeters
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MODULE IV
A. What are the different components of the center table based on the working
drawing?
1. _____________________________________________________________.
2. _____________________________________________________________.
3. _____________________________________________________________.
4. _____________________________________________________________.
B. What is the specified joint used in joining the legs and rails of the center
table?
1. _____________________________________________________________.
2. _____________________________________________________________.
APPLY FREEHAND SKETCHING
Steps in sketching an Isometric box.
1. Draw a vertical axis.
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MODULE IV
2. Draw left and right axis. (30 degree angles)
3. Determine the width and length of the box and then draw a vertical line.
4. Draw a left and right axis to the determined height of the box.
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MODULE IV
5. Project a line parallel to the left and right axis.
6. Label the box to determine the top, front and the right side view.
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MODULE IV
STEPS IN SKETCHING ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING
1. Study the object to be drawn (See isometric drawing.)

2. Draw the top view, front view and the right side view.
TOP
FRONT SIDE
3. Draw a simple drawing using block as model. Try to study the given view.
TOP
FRONT SIDE
GIVEN ISOMETRIC VIEW
THREE MAIN VIEWS
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MODULE IV
STEPS IN SKETCHING ISOMETRIC DRAWING OF A GIVEN ORTHOGRAPGIC

FIGURE
1. Study the object to be drawn. (See orthographic drawing).

2. Draw the isometric drawing.
3. Lay out the front view.
4. Sketch the top view and side view.
5. Finalize the object to complete the drawing.
TOP
ISOMETRIC DRAWING
FRONT SIDE
E
ORTHROGRAPHIC DRAWING
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MODULE IV
SELF ASSESSMENT CHECK: Study the given figure below and perform the
task that you are required to do.
90 90
40
90
A. With the given dimensions on the figure above, draw the orthographic drawing of the
center table considering the different alphabet of lines.
Note: (Measurements indicated in the figure is in millimeters. Use a clean sheet of bond
paper for your drawing.) See rubric in the next page as basis on how you will be
graded.
16 | P a g e
MODULE IV
RUBRIC IN DRAWING ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING
Criteria 5 Points 4 points 3 points 2 Points 1 Points
Proportions Proportions of Proportions of Proportions of The sketch is No evidence

the sketch the sketch the sketch disproportion that proper
mirror the size closely somewhat al to the proportions
and shape of resemble the resemble the object being were
the sketched size and shape size and shape sketched. attempted.
object. of the of the Some
sketched sketched indications
object but the object. There that the
sketch looks are indications sketcher
slightly that the attempted to
distorted. sketcher provide
created guidelines to
guidelines to establish
attempt to proper
establish proportions.
proper
proportions.
Attention to The sketch The sketch The sketch The sketch is No evidence of
Detail shows great contains many shoes details lacking detail. detail in the
attention to strong that is The detail sketch.
detail and is a elements of reflective of included is not
realistic detail but the object but reflective of
representation some details needs further the object and
of the object. are missing. refinement is incomplete.
and fine
tuning to
appear
realistic.
17 | P a g e
MODULE IV
Neatness Clean, neat Neat work Poor Messy with

with no with some appearance. food or other
smudges. smudges. stains.
Assignment: Write an essay discussing “The importance of incorporating

signs, symbols and data on drawing plans or layouts”.
_________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________.
_________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________.
_________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________.
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MODULE IV
REFERENCES:
https://www.woodworkingtrade.com/types-of-measuring-tools/
K-12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module
Carpentry (Exploratory Course Grades 7 and Grades 8)
https://schoolworkhelper.net/technical-drawing-alphabet-of-line/
https://www.creativebloq.com/features/isometric-drawing
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmavengineering.weebly.com%
2Fconcept-sketching-
rubric.html&psig=AOvVaw0UATWSj9GuwYwgaKOx7WvD&ust=1620185146717000&sou
rce=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwi5srKSiq_wAhVXZd4KHTDuATkQjRx6BAgAEAc
19 | P a g e
MODULE IV

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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY

Basic Education Department

DRAWING SINGS AND SYMBOLS

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

CHECKPOINT: Take the challenge given below to test what

Direction: Name the following drawing signs or symbols presented below.

Line symbols used in technical drawing are often referred to as ALPHABET OF

Uses of Alphabet of Lines

Line Description and Uses Representation

Borderline Heavy, solid line used to frame in the

Visible line A medium line used to show edges

Dimension Light thin lines used to show the sizes

line. The dimension line is broken

Criteria Excellent(4) Very Good(3) Good(2) Fair(1)

INTERPRET TECHNICAL DRAWINGS AND PLANS

Technical drawings provide clear and accurate information how an object is to be

B. Perspective Drawing- This drawing is used as a presentation drawing to portray the

Center Table Components

Dimensions and specification (See dimensions and specifications on the attached

APPLY FREEHAND SKETCHING

Steps in sketching an Isometric box.

1. Draw a vertical axis.

2. Draw left and right axis. (30 degree angles)

5. Project a line parallel to the left and right axis.

STEPS IN SKETCHING ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING

1. Study the object to be drawn (See isometric drawing.)

STEPS IN SKETCHING ISOMETRIC DRAWING OF A GIVEN ORTHOGRAPGIC

1. Study the object to be drawn. (See orthographic drawing).

RUBRIC IN DRAWING ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING

Criteria 5 Points 4 points 3 points 2 Points 1 Points

Proportions Proportions of Proportions of Proportions of The sketch is No evidence

Neatness Clean, neat Neat work Poor Messy with

Assignment: Write an essay discussing “The importance of incorporating

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