Title of Your Paper

Student Name: Amal Ali K A

Student ID : 202230210

Department name: PG Diploma in Education

Course name: Educational Psychology

Course code: 0402521E

Instructor’s name: Dr. Samer Abdel Hadi

Semester-Year: 2023-2024

Title: Case Study Report

Executive summary
 Child Case study: Inaaya Ilaaf

“Creative, curious, and independent” is what I can imagine a 4-year-old. Each person has five basic

developmental zones, as we have learned in psychology. They are the development of the physical, cognitive,

moral, language and literature, social, and emotional systems. Scholars have created hypotheses to explain each

advancement. Using the ideas, I have learned thus far, I will conduct this research to examine the developmental

phases of a 4-year-old child.

Cognitive development

Piaget proposed four phases of cognitive development that humans go through from infancy until early

adulthood. Through assimilation and adaptation, people modify their plans for handling the world. Piaget

described four phases of development

 The sensorimotor stage (from birth to age 2)

 The preoperational stage (from age 2 to age 7)

 The concrete operational stage (from age 7 to age 11).

 Formal operational stage (age 11 to adulthood)

During the formal operational stage (age 11 to adulthood), young people develop the ability to deal with

hypothetical situations and to monitor their own thinking.

Language and Literature Development

During the Preschool Years

As kids use and play with language, predictable patterns in their language development emerge. The

development of early literacy in children depends on their experiences at home and what they learn about books

and letters.

During the Elementary and Secondary Years

Students advance quickly in their reading comprehension and vocabulary. Both require motivation and

opportunity to practice reading and new vocabulary with peers in novel contexts.

Moral Development.
According to Kohlberg, moral thinking or moral judgment goes through six phases. These six stages were

divided into preconventional, conventional, and postconventional by Kohlberg's. How a kid or adult defines

what they believe to be righteous or moral action distinguishes these three levels. Like with previous stage

theories, most people move through them in the same order, with each stage being more advanced and

complicated than the one before it. Duis imperdiet varius eros eget lacinia. Sed laoreet commodo ex eget

vestibulum.

Social Development

According to Erikson's theory, people go through eight psychological phases in their lifespan. Crises or

important problems need to be tackled at each level. Most individuals successfully overcome each psychological

crisis and go on to take on new challenges, but other people are unable to fully overcome these crises and must

cope with them for the rest of their lives.

Emotional Development

During the Preschool Years

The egocentrism that Piaget characterized as a feature of preoperational thinking is something that children may

get over with the support of their peers. Caring, sharing, offering consolation, and cooperating are examples of

prosocial conduct.

During the Elementary Years

School significantly impacts development since it is where children establish their public individuals, develop

their social skills, and construct their self-esteem based on academic and non-academic accomplishments.

Preadolescence is characterized by an increase in the importance of peer conformity, mixed-sex social groups,

and challenges to parent authority.

During the Middle School and High School Years

Adolescents may be seen as resolving In order to eventually achieve greater autonomy and intimacy in peer

relationships, they pay attention to how other people see them, look back in the past, experiment with roles, act

on feelings, and explore their views. Premature role choice can lead to foreclosure, but by late adolescence, the

majority of people have reached a condition of identity accomplishment. Adolescents are at danger for a variety

of things, such as dropping out of school, drug misuse, and depression.

Introducing Inaaya Ilaaf

I hope the reader of this case study will be able to understand everything presented on this because I am

not a professional researcher. The subject of my research for this case study is Inaaya Ilaaf, a beautiful girl who

is also highly talented and energetic. I would characterize her as a little angel. Her eyes and hair are two other

physical characteristics that I would like to mention because they are highly noticeable in regard to how she

looks. She has solid eyelashes, a large eye, and black hair that is curled. She appears to be in good physical

condition considering her weight of 14 kg and height of 100 cm.

Figure 1 : Inaaya Ilaaf

Methodology

For the Inaaya’s Developmental investigations, I used a descriptive research methodology. In this study, I

used an interview, a task connected to each development, an observation, and a survey tool in this research. I

combined thoughts from the two observation periods using the same survey questionnaire that the other

caregivers—her father and aunt—completed. The purpose of choosing these specific caregivers is to compile a

sample of people who have known thze Inaaya for varied durations of time and under diverse circumstances
 Inaaya Ilaaf’s Parent

In addition to Inaaya, Aidin Ilaaf, her two-year-old brother, is also a child of Amal and Sahad. Since the

parents and Aunties have known Inaaya her entire life, their views and viewpoints, which are included in this

study's tables, are considerably more trustworthy than of this study, are obviously considerably more trustworthy

than those of any other perspective that will be offered.

Figure 2 – Ilaaf Family( Family of Inaaya)

Inaaya Ilaaf’s -Aunts

The two aunts who regularly provide caregiving are Eeman and Henan. Their perspective includes bedtimes and

wake-up times as they spent the night and witnessed Inaaya on several occasions in her home setting over the

years. The parents claim that their daughter adores her aunts and can be herself while Abbey is doing caregiving

responsibility

Figure 3– Inaaya’s Aunty

 Inaaya’s sibling Aidin Ilaaf

He is a very quiet and reserved kid. He became thus energizing, though, when he was around his sister. Her

sister has always influenced him. He makes an effort to mimic his sister's actions. He is extremely in love with

her. Without her, he seems so sad.

Figure 3– Inaaya’s sibling Aidin Ilaaf

Observation Experiences

Dates/times/venues

On the 3rd and 4th of June 2023, with Inaya's entire family present, the observation and interview sessions lasted

around 3 hours and took place at her home and a nearby park.

Family of Origin

UAE's Dubai is where Inaaya was born and raised. However, she resides in the UAE and is of Indian

descent. Their home is in a quiet residential area. In front of their house, they have a little garden space and an

empty sand area where Inaya likes to spend much of her time.

Nature versus Nurture

Inaaya has a biological advantage due to nature. She is in perfect health and has no significant health

issues. She is typical in many ways, as seen in the tables below, yet for her age, she looks intelligent,

hyperactive, and talkative. Her mind races at an amazing pace as if attempting to take everything in around her

in.The nurture factor in Inaaya’s life was observed to be a predominant factor in her lifestyle. She regularly gets

cuddles from her father, and Inaaya appears to have a lot of natural affinity for him. Additionally, Inaaya
frequently receives attention from her working mother, who is involved in a variety of aspects of the child's life.

It is clear that the constant care she receives from her mother, aunts, and father helps her feel secure, happy, and

confident as a growing four-year-old.

Developmental consideration

Tables 1–5 include data related to six developmental categories, including emotional, social, cognitive,

language and literature, and moral development.

The case study will conclude with an overall evaluation from my perspective that will examine certain

important factors, such as:

 Development stage perspectives in focus

 Transcript of an interview with Inaaya

 Comparison: Inaaya and her peer group

 Outstanding characteristics

The following are the links sent to the parents and aunts for each developmental survey question can fill

in and submit.

Cognitive Development

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/

1FAIpQLSdEHmUhMo5nhz9TmEjZF9K1uJKr4qW3FTBrrUHLEwmP9NzcGQ/viewform?usp=sharing

Social Development

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/

1FAIpQLSccH2OMKUkhWa2TLSCxEHwZ3WbNiTyYNl_aC5EdyXajw6C4dA/viewform?usp=sharing

Emotional Development

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/

1FAIpQLSew6TLCal8uDGkeg7CP6QxomdYcdMP5KS5TZ1N7yT8N7dQpzg/viewform?usp=sharing

Moral Development
 https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/

1FAIpQLSf4R2kAn8KRQJxx_FfBsrtyduKM_juXAAWgvj6oK_Tv41yPEw/viewform?usp=sharing

Language Development

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/

1FAIpQLSdEHmUhMo5nhz9TmEjZF9K1uJKr4qW3FTBrrUHLEwmP9NzcGQ/viewform?usp=sharing

Let us begin with cognitive development

Development Stage Perspective

Cognitive development

Table 1

Inaaya’s Cognitive Development

Variable Father’s Antys’s My

Perspectiv Perspectiv perspective
e e
Intelligence Age appropriate High. Age appropriate
Intelligent

Thought processes low low Very low

Interest in school Extremely High Extremely interested

interested

Attention span Very low low Very low

Memory Good memory Extremely high Very good memory

Ability to reason Good at resoning Average Average

Piaget’s Conservation

Inaaya falls into Piaget’s preoperational stage - ages 2-7. I conducted an experiment with Inaaya using the length

test whereby two sticks are aligned in front of her and asked if the sticks are of the same length (Inaaya agreed).
Then, I moved the top stick slightly to the right and asked inaaya if they are equal in length. Inaaya responded

that the stick on the top was longer thereby confirming Piaget’s conservation task theory.

Piaget’s Centration

I next studied Piaget's idea of centration. When I showed her two identical glasses of milk and asked which one

had more milk, she said that both had the same amount. When I asked her which container had more milk after

she had poured it from a tall, narrow container into a shallow, broad one in front of me, she replied that the

container with the tall glass had more milk.

Piaget’s Reversibility

I most recently studied Piaget's reversibility hypothesis. In order to find out, I questioned Inaya whether she had

a brother. She acknowledged it, and it is Aydin. Then, when I asked if Aydin had a sibling, she replied in the

affirmative. Therefore, I guess I might claim that she can think reversibly about something she knows extremely

well.

Piagets Egocentric

In an experiment to see whether Inaya exhibits egocentrism, two different toys were placed between them, and

she was asked if she could hear both. She replied with a yes. I then questioned her about if the toys could see one

another. She continued by saying yes. It suggests that she is an egocentric child.
Language development

Table 2

Inaaya’s Language Development

Variabl Father’s Antys’s My

e Perspectiv Perspectiv perspective
e e
Vocabulary Good High. Age appropriate

Grammar Not good at low She can speak

grammar fluently but
sometimes when
she joins a word
that doesn’t make
sense
Intelligibility Very good High good

Social development

Table 3

Inaaya’s Social Development

Variable Fath Antys My perspective

er’s ’s
Perspe Perspec
 ctive tive
Expressions of Average Varies She exchanged toys with
basic courtesies needs according to her cplaymate and
reminding her mood. complimented a child
who was behaving crazy
on his sense of humor.
Peer relations Varies She mostly Took her place in group
greatly has a fighting activities, avoided her
tendency desire to be the center of
attention, listened to
others, and showed good
interpersonal skills.
Sibling In general, A healthy Unintentionally trying to
relationship very loving relationship, dominate a younger
loving caring sibling is probably quite
common behavior for
older siblings.
Relationship with In general, In good terms She got along nicely
adults very loving extending her with all the adults I saw.
love
Moral development

Table 4

Inaaya’s Moral Development

Variable Fath Antys My perspective

er’s ’s
Perspe Perspec
ctive tive
Inaaya’s view of In general, She need She made a point of pointing up the
right and wrong she has an constant boy's error when she related the
excellent reminder from Heinz story.It demonstrates her
sense of elders to preference for the consequence he
what is right understand receives after taking the
and wrong, what is wrong medication.
much like or right. Her
inaaya does. actions are
Inaaya is spontaneous,
aware of but in several
right from case she
wrong. seems to act
logically

Emotional development

Table 5

Inaaya’s Emotional Development

Variable Father’s Aunt’s My Perspective

Perspectiv Perspectiv
e e
Expressions of ranges from She yells a lot or ranges from
screaming to crying sometime she screaming to crying
aggression isolates herself
Incidence of uncontrollable sob She cries alot or Very often
temper tantrums fits do happen anxious
sometimes if her
dad is not here
Extent of Not great unless she Depends upon Average
self- is aware that the the situation
parent is literally at
control their minds' end.
Emotion Sometimes when She is panicked Often anxious,
she feels left out, and have treating all problems
al equally, and highly
she might be too emotional
problem emotional. if she dramatic
imbalance when
s believes anything is there are family
unfair, she has been
issues.
seen to cry.

Self-concept She is confident Confident and Over all confident in

smart for her age her personal identity,
happy and
comfortable
as a little girl.

Self-esteem She is confident Healthy Healthy

Egocentri She hoards toys She always Inaaya struggled during
c extends her my interview to
empathy towards distinguish between my
behavior position as the
people she loves
and their interviewer and her
emotions. perspective as the
interviewee.
General Assessment

Given the subject, it has been a pleasure to undertake this case study. Inaaya is a kind young woman

whose family of origin is a wonderful illustration of caring parents who diligently meet their children's physical,

emotional, educational, and social needs. This four-year-old is being raised and educated in a stable, secure, and

joyful home.

Inaaya ‘s Interview

I interviewed Inaaya at her house on June 4, 2023. Prior to the interviews, I conducted a survey by emailing

parents and aunts a Google form with questions pertaining to all developmental theories. The subsequent

sections will provide their responses.

Inaaya's parents, brother, Aunts, and other significant relationships had been previously identified in the study.

The goal was to get first-hand input from Inaaya on these relationships. These are questions

1. What are some of your favorite things to do for fun?

2. Which is your favorite color?

3. Which color does your Mom likes?

4. Do you like drawing?

5. Do you know Aydin?

6. Can you tell me about your brother?

7. Do you like to play with Aydin?

8. How do you know mommy loves you?

9. What are some things you like about your Aunty and why do you like her?

Below is the transcript of the interview.

 Me: What are some of your favourite things to do for fun?

 Inaaya: I love to play with clay and also the paratha dough

 Me: Which is your favorite color?

 Inaaya: The color that Barbie likes.

 Me: Which color does your mom like?

 Inaaya: Same like me…………. She like what Barbie likes

 Me: Do you like drawing?

 Inaaya: I like to draw rabbit monkeys’ ears, butterflies, Girls, and flowers, and can you buy me some

paints?

 Me: Do you know Aydin?

 Inaaya: Yes, he is my little brother

 Me: Can you tell me about your brother?

 Inaaya: Can you buy an airplane car.? Because the one he had was broken.

 Me: What are some things you like about your Aunty and why do you like her?

 Inaaya: I like Hena because she always let me talk with Haqq (Fiancé of Hena) and also, I like to sleep

with Hena. Hena makes donuts. Hena gives me my favorite food. She never scolded me. She hugs me.

She tells a story.

 Me: How do you know mommy loves you?

 Inaaya: Mommy loves Papa,

 Me: Do you like to play with Aydin?

 Inaaya: No. Because he always wants to take my stuff.

 1

Comparison: Inaaya and Her Peer Group

Inaaya is more socially adept than someone her age. Despite being on the tiny side,

she has no issue mingling with her peers and joining in straight away to play, learn, and

interact with them. Even though she had never met them before, she quickly began

connecting with the kids as she was doing her observation at the park. By fostering a positive

relationship with their peer, she is also very generous to share her treats with her friend. Even

elders find it easy to get along with her. I can say that she is really outgoing. She is having a

good time. She fit in well with her peers and appeared to love being with anybody she chose

to be wit

Outstanding Characteristics

She never fails to support her little brother. She occasionally prefers to care for him

much as a mother would. She assists with bathing and attempts to feed him. whatever her

brother does, even small things. She always compliments him with "Good boy" and "Well

done." She even instructs him in a manner similar to how we instruct her. She occasionally

demonstrates that she can relate to others’ emotions and that she herself has experienced

similar emotions. Even I saw during the father's interview that whenever her mother is not

feeling well, she constantly comforts her, embraces her, and says, "It's OK Mommy."

She occasionally acts like an adult, much like her mother. She constantly makes an effort to

implement what she sees on YouTube. After seeing the YouTube video, she attempts to

sketch something truly creative. By viewing videos, she attempted to learn English and use it

for communication. She is capable of handling her own tasks. Additionally, she enjoys

cooking
 2

Conclusion

According to all appearances, Inaaya Ilaaf is a happy, healthy, and well-adjusted little girl.

She is typical in the majority of categories, but when I checked the reversibility, I saw that

she appeared to be showing advanced tendencies in a few areas of cognitive development.

The nurturing atmosphere that Inaaya's parents and aunts have diligently developed seems to

provide her every benefit and chance to continue developing into a lovely young woman. She

gave a lot of cooperation throughout the interview and with the assignment that was assigned

to her. She is slightly advanced for her age even in terms of emotional and social

development stages. Her case study was incredibly pleasant and entertaining to do.

Suggested Intervention

She is highly capable of carrying out tasks with very little assistance, as I understand from

my observations, therefore I advise you to offer her initiatives and challenges so she may go

forward in all of her developmental stages. Additionally, I would suggest reading aloud to her

or giving her materials that would improve her writing and reading skills. Talk to her in a

way that will allow her to learn more about the subjects she is interested in learning by asking

more questions. Encourage doing physical activity under guidance from an adult. She also

enjoys painting, so if you could help her with that, she may potentially become proficient in

that area.

References

Wells, B. (1994). Junction in developmental speech disorder: A case study. Clinical linguistics

& phonetics, 8(1), 1-25.

Slavin, R. E. (2014). Educational psychology: Theory and practice. Pearson Higher Ed