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    Lec 5

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    Leah Arnee Alejandro
    Volcanic eruptions can cause several hazards such as lahars, ash falls, pyroclastic flows, and lava flows. Lahars are fast-moving mudflows that can bury buildings. Ash falls can damage infrastructure and harm health. Pyroclastic flows are very hot gas-and-rock flows that destroy everything in their path. Precautionary measures before, during, and after eruptions include preparing emergency kits, following evacuation orders, and wearing protective gear when cleaning ashfall.

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    Lec 5

    Uploaded by

    Leah Arnee Alejandro
    12 views2 pages
    Volcanic eruptions can cause several hazards such as lahars, ash falls, pyroclastic flows, and lava flows. Lahars are fast-moving mudflows that can bury buildings. Ash falls can damage infrastructure and harm health. Pyroclastic flows are very hot gas-and-rock flows that destroy everything in their path. Precautionary measures before, during, and after eruptions include preparing emergency kits, following evacuation orders, and wearing protective gear when cleaning ashfall.

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    LEC 5

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    Volcanic eruptions can cause several hazards such as lahars, ash falls, pyroclastic flows, and lava flows. Lahars are fast-moving mudflows that can bury buildings. Ash falls can damage infrastructure and harm health. Pyroclastic flows are very hot gas-and-rock flows that destroy everything in their path. Precautionary measures before, during, and after eruptions include preparing emergency kits, following evacuation orders, and wearing protective gear when cleaning ashfall.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views2 pages

    Lec 5

    Uploaded by

    Leah Arnee Alejandro
    Volcanic eruptions can cause several hazards such as lahars, ash falls, pyroclastic flows, and lava flows. Lahars are fast-moving mudflows that can bury buildings. Ash falls can damage infrastructure and harm health. Pyroclastic flows are very hot gas-and-rock flows that destroy everything in their path. Precautionary measures before, during, and after eruptions include preparing emergency kits, following evacuation orders, and wearing protective gear when cleaning ashfall.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Volcanic Eruptions

    Volcanoes

    opening in the Earth's surface that allows the energy from the interior of the Earth to escape to the surface.

    Magma

    molten rock materials beneath the Earth's surface.

    Lava

    magma that have already reached the surface of a volcano.

    Potential Volcano Related Hazards

    Volcanic Hazards - are volcano-related phenomena that pose potential threat or negative impact to life, property and
    environment

    1. Lahar

    a mixture of water, pyroclastic materials and rock fragments flowing down a volcano or river valley. It is highly
    destructive to anything in its path. It may partially or completely bury buildings and other structures.

    2. Ash Fall

    composed of bits and pieces of pulverized rock, minerals and volcanic glass generated from volcanic eruption. The
    fragments measure less than 2mm in diameter.

    Effects:
    may cause change in local climate
    may cause collapse of buildings
    corrode building materials or destroy agricultural lands
    may clog air filters in vehicles
    may pose health problems (respiratory diseases)

    3. Pyroclastic Flow

    refers to a fast moving fluidized mass of rock fragments and gases. It maintains a very high temperature, burning
    everything in its path

    4. Ballistic Projectile

    a rock fragment that is ejected from a volcano during its explosive eruption.

    two types of volcanic projectiles:

    Block - if the projectile of rock is solid when ejected.


    Bomb - it is launched partially molten or in molten state.

    5. Volcanic Gas

    this consists of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfate which are poisonous and hazardous to organisms.

    Effects:

    ths will cause acid rain which in turn corrodes structures and plants.
    it may cause respiratory problems and other health risk
    6. Lava Flow

    a molten rock material that pours down from the slopes of a volcano. Compared to pyroclastic flow, lava flow is
    denser and hence moves more slowly. It may destroy vegetation, houses, infrastructures and can also cause forest
    fire.

    Signs of Impending Volcanic Eruptions:

    1. Occurrence of tremors or increase frequency of low intensity earthquakes.


    2. Deformation in the ground manifested by change in ground elevation.
    3. Increase amount of volcanic gases and temperature.
    4. Glow of volcanic crater due to presence of magma.
    5. Thermal change within the surrounding of the volcano.
    6. Change in color of nearby vegetation and lakes.
    7. Landslide or rockfall not due to heavy rains.
    8. Drying up of springs and freshwater sources around the volcano.

    Precautionary and Safety Measures Before Volcanic Eruptions

    1. Stay updated with the local news.


    2. Prepare a family emergency preparedness plan.
    3. Prepare and emergency supply kit.
    4. Pack all important and essential items in a light and waterproof containers.
    5. Secure livestock in enclose shelters.
    6. Listen to public safety announcements of local authorities.

    Precautionary and Safety Measures During Volcanic Eruptions

    1. Follow evacuation orders issued by authorities and stay in the designated evacuation centers.
    2. If told to stay indoors, keep your windows and doors closed and place damp clothes to all openings to prevent the
    entry of ashes.
    3. Wear long sleeves and long pants.
    4. Wear goggles to protect your eyes.
    5. Use face mask or damp cloth over your face to prevent inhalation of ashes and other volcanic particles.
    6. Listen to your radio for the latest emergency information.

    Precautionary and Safety Measures After Volcanic Eruptions

    1. Wait for the announcement from authorities before going back to your houses.
    2. Inspect your house for any damage and refer to authorities if you are not sure of the structural condition of your
    house.
    3. Family members with respiratory problems should be kept away from ashes and other volcanic particles.
    4. Wear a dus mask, gloves and goggles when cleaning the debris and ashfalls in your area.
    5. Check the elctrical wiring, appliances and gas tank before using them.
    6. Stay informed and listen to emergency updates and news.

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