1. ______________Two point charges 10 cm apart exert a force of 0.001 g on each other.

If the charges are of the same value, what is each charge in statcoulomb?

cgs unit:

F = 0.001 g x 981 cm/s2 = 0.981 dyne

F = kQ2 / d2

√ √
2
Q = F d2 = (0.981)(10) = 9.9 statC
k 1

SI unit:

F = 0.001 g x 1kg/1000g x 9.81 m/s2 = 9.81 x 10-6 newton

d = 10 cm = 0.1 m

F = kQ2 / d2

√ √
−6 2
Q = F d2 = (9.81 x 1 0 )(0.1) = 3.3 x 10-9 coulomb x (3x109 statC)/coulomb = 9.9 statC
k 9 x 10
9

2. ______________Two resistances of 10 and 15 ohms, each respectively are connected in

parallel. The two are then connected in series with a 5-ohm resistance. It is then
connected across a 12-V battery, what are the current and the total power?

R// = 10 ohms

R// = 15 ohms

Rs = 5 ohms

1
Rt = 1 1 + 5 = 11 ohms
+
10 15

V = IR

12 = I(11)

I = 1.091 A

P = I2R = VI = V2/R = 13.093 W

3. ______________A one-meter rod of 2-cm diameter is drawn until its resistance is 100
times the initial resistance. Its length afterward is?

Li = 1m

D = 2 cm = 0.02 m

Volume = A x L = π(0.01)2 x 1 = 3.142 x 10-4 m3

Ri = 1

Rf = 100

1
Lf = ?

R = ρL / A

R = ρL / (V/L) ; the rod will stretch but the volume will not change

1 = ρ (1) / (3.142 x 10-4 / 1)

ρ = 3.142 x 10-4

100 = 3.142 x 10-4 (Lf) / (3.142 x 10-4 /Lf)

Lf = 10 m

Another solution:

R = ρL / A

R = ρL / (V/L) ; the rod will stretch but the volume will not change

R = ρ/V x L2

ρ/V = constant because the same materials are being used

R = kL2

Rf / Ri = (Lf / Li)2

Lf = 10 m

4. ______________A series RL is connected across a 120 V, 60 Hz source and draws a

current of 0.5 A at 0.70 lagging pf. Determine the values of R and L.

Z = R + jXL

pf = 0.7 = 45.5730

120∠0 = (0.5∠-45.573) (Z)

Z = 240∠45.573 = 168 + j171.394

R = 168 ohms

XL = 2πfL

171.394 = 2π(60)(L)

L = 0.455 H

5. ______________A resistor of 50 ohms and an impedance of 100 + j50 ohms are

connected in parallel across a 220 volts supply. What is the power factor of the
load?

R = 50 ohms

Z = 100 + j50

2
 1
Zt = 1 1 = = 35+j5
+
50 100+ j 50

V = IZ

220∠0 = I(35.35∠8.13)

I = 6.22∠-8.13

pf = 0.9899

6. ______________What is the Q factor of RLC series having R =10 ohm, L = 25 mH , C =

100x10-6 farad

√ √
−3
Q = 1 L = 1 25 x 1 0 = 1.581
R C 10 100 x 1 0−6

7. ______________When a generator is being driven at 1200 rpm, the generated emf is

220 V. what is the generated emf if the field flux is decreased by 10% with the
speed remains unchanged.

Ei = 220V
Ni = Nf = 1200 rpm
ϕi = 1
ϕf = 0.9

Ei / Ef = ϕi / ϕf
220/ Ef = 1 / 0.9
Ef = 198 V

8. ______________A transformer has a primary winding of 2000 turns and of 2400 V and
current of 8.56-j5 A with an impedance Z2 connected across the secondary winding. If
the secondary has 500 turns, what is the value of secondary current?
Np = 2000 turns
Vp = 2400 V
IP = 8.56-j5 A

Np / Ns = Is / Ip
2000 / 500 = Is / 8.56-j5
Is = 34.64-j20

9. ______________A 3-H inductor has 2000 turns. How many turns must be added to
increase the inductance to 5-H?

L = kN2

3/5 = (2000/N2)2

N2 = 2581.989 turns

10. ______________What is the voltage induced in the armature winding of a 4-pole

wave wound dc machine having 728 active conductors and running at 1,600 rpm? The
flux per pole is 35 mWb.

a = 2m = 2(1) = 2
E = PZϕN/60a = 4(728)(35x10-3)(1600)/60(2) = 1358.933 V
11. ______________A transformer is rated 1.5 kVA, 220/110 v, 60Hz. Because of an
emergency this transformer has to be used on a 50 Hz system. If the flux density in
the transformer core is to be kept the same as at 60 Hz and 220 V, what is the
kilovolt-ampere rating at 50 Hz?

3
 𝑆 𝛼 𝑓
𝑆1 / 𝑆2 = 𝑓1 / 𝑓2
𝑆2 = 𝑆1*𝑓2/𝑓1 = (1.5)(50)/ 60
𝑺𝟐 = 1.250 𝒌𝑽𝑨

12. ______________A 10-turn conducting loop with a radius of 3.0 cm spins at 60

revolutions per second in a magnetic field of 0.50 T. The maximum emf generated is

Z = 10 turns

r = 3 cm = 0.03 m

N = 60 rps

B = 0.5 T

e = ?

e = NBAw

e = 10 x 0.5 x π x 0.032 x 2π(60) = 5.33 V

13. ______________If a current of 5 A flows through a long wire of radius 0.004

meter, what is the magnetic intensity produced 0.02 meter away from the surface of
the wire?

H = I/2πr

I = 5 A

r = perpendicular distance from the surface of the wire = 0.02

= 5/2π(0.02) = 39.789 AT/m

14. ______________A DC shunt motor develops 15 HP at 120 V. the armature

efficiency is 95%. What is the armature effective resistance?

Pd = 15x746 = 11190 W
Vt =120 V
ηarmature = 0.95
Ra = ?

Parmature = 11190/0.95 = 11778.947 W

I = 11778.947/120 = 98.158 A
Ploss = 11778.947-11190 = 588.947 W
Ploss = I2Ra
588.947 = 98.1582 x Ra
Ra = 0.061 ohms

15. ______________A 13.8 kV/480 V, 10 MVA three phase transformer has 5%

impedance. What is the impedance in ohms referred to the primary?

%IZ = IxZ/V = Z(VA rating)/V2

Z1 =%IZ x V2 / VA rating = 0.05(13.8x103)2/10x106 = 0.952 ohms

16. ______________What is the speed of an induction motor of six poles if the

percent slip is 2.5%?

4
P =6
s = 2.5%

Ns = 120f/P = 120(60)/6 = 1200 rpm

slip = Ns-Nr/Ns
0.025 = 1200-Nr/1200
Nr = 1170 rpm

17. ______________A single phase motor is taking 20 A from a 400-V supply at

unity pf. What is the power taken?

P = 400x20 = 8000 W

18. ______________A three-phase 60-Hz induction motor runs at 715 r/min at no

load and at 670 r/min at full load. What is the slip at rated load?

At no load Ns is almost the same as Nr but not exactly the same

To find actual Ns find first the number of poles using the no load speed

715 = 120(60)/P

P = 10.07 (pole are whole number)

therefore: number of poles = 10

Ns = 120(60)/10 = 720

s = Ns-Nr/Ns

s= 720-670/720 = 6.94%

19. ______________A 3 phase balanced load which has a power factor of 0.707 is
connected to balanced supply. The power consumed by the load is 5 kW. The power is
measure by the two wattmeter method. The readings of the two wattmeters are?

Pf = 0.707

Ɵ = 45.009
Pt = 5000 W

Pt = P1+P2

5000 = VIcos(30-Ɵ) + VIcos (30+Ɵ)

5000 = VIcos(30-45) + VIcos(30+45)

VI = 4082.483 VA
P1 = 3943.376 W
P2 = 1056.624 W
20. ______________In a balance 3 phase 400 V circuit, the line current is 115.5
A, when the power is measured by two wattmeter method, one meter reads 40kW and the
other is zero. What is the power factor of the load?

W1 = 40 kW

W2 = 0 kW

Ɵ = tan-1 √3(40-0 / 40+0) = 60

pf = cos60 = 0.5

21. ____________It is desired to improve the power factor of a 230V, 60Hz, 3phase
system from 0.7 to 0.92 lagging. A wye-connected capacitor bank with the
capacitance of 10μF per phase is to be used. What will be the KW of the load?

5
Ɵ1 = cos-1 0.7 = 45.573

Ɵ2 = cos-1 0.92 = 23.074

Xc = 1/2πfC = 265.258 ohms

Vp = 230/√3 = 132.791 V

Qp = V2 / Xc = 66.541 kVAR

Qc = Qp x 3 = 199.43 kVAR

Qc = QL – Qnew

199.43 = Ptan(45.573)-Ptan(23.074)

P = 335.625 W

22. ______________A single phase load takes 50 kVA at 0.6 power factor lagging.
Solve for the kVAR of a capacitor required to improve the power factor to 1.0.

P = 50x0.6 = 30 kW

Ɵ = 53.13
Q = Ptan53.13 = 39.999 = 40 kVAR

23. ______________A single phase induction motor is rated 5 hp, 85% efficiency,
75% power factor and 220 volts. What approximate size of capacitor is necessary to
raise the power factor to about 95%?

ƟL = cos-1 (0.75) = 41.409

Ɵt = cos-1 (0.95) = 18.194

Po = 5 x 746 = 3730

Pin = 3730/0.85 = 4388.235 W

Qc = Pin(tan(ƟL)) - Pin(tan(Ɵt)) = 2427.716 VAR

Xc = 2202/2427.716 = 19.936 ohms

Xc = 1/2πfC

C = 1.331 x 10-4 F

24. _____753 kVA_________An existing industrial plant has an average load of 900
kW at 0.6 pf lagging. To raise the overall power factor to 0.92, a synchronous
motor driving a DC generator is to be installed. If the input of the synchronous
motor will be 250 kW, calculate its kVA input rating.

SL =PL/pfL = 900/0.6 = 1500 kVA

ƟL = cos-1 (0.6) = 53.13

Ɵt = cos-1 (0.92) = 23.07

Ɵ = 53.13-23.07 = 30.06
Pt = PL + Psync = 900+250=1150
St = Pt/pft = 1150/0.92 = 1250 kVA
cosine law:

Ssync2 = St2 + SL2 – 2StSL cos Ɵ

Ssync = 753 kVA

25. ______________What is the time constant in sec of a series RL circuit with R

= 400 ohms and L = 20 H.

T = R/L = 20/400 = 0.05

6
 26. _____1.805 A_________A 6 H coil whose resistance is 12 ohms is connected in
series with a 24 ohms resistor and to a 144 V battery and a switch. The switch is
closed at t=0. Determine the current at t=0.1 seconds.

I = V/R(1-e-Rt/L) = 144/(12+24)(1-e-(12+24)(0.1)/6) = 1.805 A

27. _____________An uncharge condenser is series with a 120 volts voltmeter of

10000 ohms resistance is suddenly connected to a 100V battery. One second later,
the voltmeter reads 60 volts. Determine the capacitance of the condenser.

ER = Ee e –t/RC

60 = 100 e -1/10000(C)

0.6 = e -1/10000(C)

ln(0.6) = ln(e -1/10000(C)

)

ln(0.6) = -1/10000(C)

C = 195.76 uF

28. ______________A 230 kV transmission line is 100 miles long. The conductor is
ACSR of 1,113,000 CM. The conductors are horizontally arranged with 20 ft spacing.
The resistance per mile is 0.0969 ohm and its GMR is 0.0435 ft. What is the
impedance of the line?

Dm = √3 Dab D bc Dca = √3 (20)(20)(40) = 25.194 ft

L = 2 x 10-7 ln(Dm/Ds)= 2 x 10-7 ln(25.194/0.0435) = 1.272355 x 10-6 H/m

XL = wL = 2π(60)(1.272355 x 10-6) x 100 mi x 5280 ft/mi x 1m/3.281 ft = 77.19 ohms

R = (0.0968 ohms/mi) (100 mi) = 9.69 ohms

Z = 9.69 + j77.19

29. ______________A 3 phase, 3 wire, short transmission, line has a resistance of

3 ohms and a reactance of 8 ohms per wire. At the receiving end, a balanced 3 phase
load draws a line current of 60 A, at 13,500 volts line to line, 0.9 power factor
lagging. Determine the voltage at the sending end.

Z = 3 + j8 = 8.544∠69.44

ƟR = cos-1 0.9 = 25.84

Es = ER + IZ

Es = 13500/√3 ∠0 + (60∠-25.84)(8.544∠69.44)

Es = 7794.228 + 512.64 ∠ 43.6 = 8173.117 ∠ 2.479

ELL = √3 (8173.117) = 14156 V

30. ______________A short 230 kV transmission line has impedance of 5 cis 78

ohms. The sending end power is 100 MW at 230kV and 85% power factor. What is the
voltage at the other end?

Is = Ps / (√3 x ELL x pf) = 100 x 106 / (√3 x 230000 x 0.85) = 295.32 A

Ɵ = 31.788
Es = Er + IZ

7
Er = Es – IZ

Er = 230000 / √3 ∠0 – (295.32 ∠-31.788)(5∠78)

Er = 131773.076∠0.463
Er = √3 X 131773.076 = 228.237 kV

31. _______6808 A _______The reactance of a three phase alternator is 8 percent. If

the alternator is rated 25 MVA at 13.25 kV output voltage, line to phase, solve for
the magnitude of the fault current generated when a short circuit occurs between 2
phases at the terminals.

32. ___3300 A ___________A 5 MVA, 13.8 kV/ 480V, 5% impedance transformer is tapped
at 13.8 kV line where the Thevenin’s equivalent impedance is ½ ohm. Determine the
nearest value of fault current at the primary if a three phase fault occurs at the
secondary.

33. ____2000 A __________In a short circuit study, the positive, negative and zero
sequence impedance are 0.25 pu, 0.25 pu and 0.3 pu, respectively. The base MVA is
100. Determine the fault current for a three phase fault at the 115 kV level.

34. ______6.7________Calculate the illumination in lux at the center of a book

that is lying on a table located 2 meters away from a point directly beneath a 150
cd bulb, which is situated 4 meters above the table.

35. _______4.61_______If a moderately bright unshaded lamp hangs 8 meters directly

above a table, what is the distance by which it must be lowered to triple the
existing illumination?

36. _____3.95 hp _________What is the minimum horsepower required for a deep well
pump that can lift water at a rate of 125 gallons per minute into an open
reservoir, given that the water table is 100 feet below the output pipe and the
overall efficiency of the system is 80%?

37. ______3217________An induction motor operating at 440V and 3 phases drives a

pump that lifts 1,100 cubic feet of water per minute against a total head of 100
ft. Both the pump and motor have efficiencies of 0.75 and 0.92, respectively, and
the power factor of the motor is 0.9. Given that power costs 0.6 peso per KW-hr,
what is the cost of operating the pump for 24 hours per day?

38. _______359,774 m3_______Calculate the volume of water needed for a hydroelectric

station with a turbine efficiency of 80% and generator efficiency of 85%, given
that it is delivering a load of 40 MW for a duration of 2 hours and the effective
head is 120 m.

39. ______4,021,786________How much annual energy in KW-hr can be generated by a

mini hydroelectric plant that is to be constructed at the bottom of a natural
waterfall with a consistent discharge of 1.3 m3 per second and a height of 50
meters? Assume that the turbine and generator efficiencies are both 80% and 90%,
respectively.

8
40. _____22.83 %_________If a 100,000 kW thermal power plant has an annual output
of 200,000,000 KW-hr and a peak load of 50 MW, what is its capacity factor?

41. _______0.465_______A generating station has a connected load of 43MW and a

maximum demand of 20 MW; the units generated being 61.5 × 106 per annum. Calculate
the demand factor

42. ______500 MWh/day ________A generating station has a maximum demand of 25MW, a
load factor of 60%, a plant capacity factor of 50% and a plant use factor of 72%.
Find the reserve capacity of the plant.

43. ______150 A ________Given the following current loads for four circuits:
Circuit # 1 = 52 A, Circuit #2 = 83 A, Circuit #3 = 81 A and Circuit #4 = 54 A.
Assuming a diversity factor of 1.8, what is the minimum ampacity required for the
feeder conductor?

44. _____90 MW _________A central generating station has provided the following
annual factor report:
Plant capacity factor = 50%
Load factor = 60%
Use factor = 45%
Reserved = 15,000 kW
What is the rated capacity of the generating station?

45. _____20.76% _________A commercial building has an aggregate load of 200 kW

with a demand factor of 55%. If the building consumes an average of 200 MWh of
energy in one year, what is the annual load factor of the building?

46. _____73.07% _________What is the utilization factor of a power plant that has
two 57 MW generator sets operating for 7000 hours per year and one 50 MW generator
set operating for 3200 hours per year, given that the plant produces a total of 700
million kilowatt-hours of energy annually?

47. ______________The input power to a 3-phase a.c. motor is measured as 5kW. If

the voltage and current to the motor are 400V and 8.6A respectively, determine the
power factor of the system?

Pin = 5000 W

5000 = √3 x 400 x 8.6 x pf

pf = 0.839

48. ______________The primary of a 34.5 Kv/13.8 Kv, 50MVA transformer is wye-

grounded. The three primary currents are: Ia= 720 cis -30 degrees; Ib= 695 cis 209
degrees; Ic= 500 cis 88 degrees. Determine the neutral current.

In = Ia + Ib + Ic = 720∠-30 + 695∠209+ 500∠88

= 200∠-80.466

= 33.127 - j197.247
9
49. ______________In a 3-phase, 3-wire system with star-connected load the
impedance of each phase is (3 +j4)Ω. If the line voltage is 230 V, calculate the
line current.

Vp = 230/√3 = 132.791 V

Z = 5∠53.13

Ip = IL= 132.791/5 = 26.558 A

50. ______________Three identical impedances of 8 + j6 ohms are connected in

delta across a balanced 208 V, 3- phase, 60 Hz system. Determine the line current
drawn.

Vp = VL = 208 V

Z = 10∠36.87

Ip = 208/10 = 20.8 A

IL = √3 x Ip = 36.0267 A

10