Appendex :- 2

DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL FOR 3.5 m HEIGHT FROM GL

DESIGN DATA: length 0.400 m
Note:- Level are indicative only. 100.000
Top level of retaining wall / construction joint = 100.000 m
Level of Road Crust at edge = 100.000 m
Ground level = 96.500 m
Founding Level = 94.500 m
Height from top of road crust to founding level = 5.500 m
Total Height from top of wall to founding level = 5.50 m
3
Density of earth = 2.00 t/m
Density of concrete = 2.50 t/m3
Clear cover to Reinforcement = 0.050 m
Clear cover to Reinforcement for foundations = 0.075 m
Grade of concrete = 30 MPa
Allowable stress in steel = 24000 t/m2 (Fe500)
Allowable stress in concrete = 1000 t/m2
Safe bearing capacity ( Assumed for design) = 15.0 t/m2
Safety factor against overturning = 2.0
Safety factor against sliding = 1.5

DESIGN CONSTANTS:
For Grade of concrete = 30 MPa

Calculation of Earth pressure coefficients =

Angle of internal friction of soil f = 30 deg = 0.524 rad
Angle of wall friction d = 20.000 deg = 0.349 rad
Angle of incli . of soil at back i = 0.000 deg = 0.000 rad
Angle of incli . of stem at back a = 2.292 deg = 0.040 rad
Coefficient of active earth pressure ka = 0.315
Coefficient of horz.active earth pressure Kah = 0.300
Vertical component of active earth pressure Kav = 0.108
Coefficient of passive earth pressure kp = 5.620
Coefficient of passive earth pressure kph = 5.281
 Appendex :- 2
DIMENSIONS OF RETAINING WALL:

e
8
1 d5

D
9

10
12
2
13
d4 11 3 7 5 d6
d3
d2 4 6 d1

a b c
HEEL TOE
B
D = 5.500 m
Length of Base of Retaining wall B = 3.700 m
Section modulus Z = 2.282 m2
Length of Toe c = 1.100 m
Length of Heel a = 2.100 m
Thickness of Stem at base b = 0.500 m
Thickness of straight portion of stem e = 0.300 m
Ht. of straight portion of stem d5 = 0.000 m
Minimum thickness of Toe slab d1 = 0.3 m
Thickness of Toe at junction with stem d3 = 0.500 m
Minimum Heel thickness d2 = 0.3 m
Thickness of Heel at junction with stem d4 = 0.500 m
Height of ground level at toe side d6 = 2.000 m
Angle of inclined stem with vertical = 0.040
Ht.of inclined portion of stem to base of footing = 5.500 m
Ht.of inclined portion of stem to top of footing = 5.000 m
Ht.of Anti Crash Barrier = 0.000 m
Appendex :- 2
Earth Pressure calculation for staad

Earth Pressure Height

7.13 kN/m2 1.188 m
14.25 kN/m2 2.375
21.38 kN/m2 3.563
28.50 kN/m2 4.750 m
Live Load Surcharge
2
7.20 kN/m

Earth Pressure at rest K0 = (1-sinf ) = 0.5

Earth Pressure Height
2
11.88 kN/m 1.188 m
2
23.75 kN/m 2.375 m
2
35.63 kN/m 3.563 m
2
47.50 kN/m 4.750 m
Earth Pressure with full hydrostatic pressure of water as per cl. 214.4 of IRC 6 2010

Earth Pressure Height

15.44 kN/m2 1.188 m
30.88 kN/m3 2.375 m
46.31 kN/m4 3.563 m
61.75 kN/m5 4.750 m
Live Load Surcharge
2
3.60 kN/m
 C.G. Moment
Area Depth Density
S.No. Description width (m) Weight (t) from Toe about
Factor (m) (t/m3)
(m) toe (t.m)
1 1.0 0.300 5 2.5 3.750 1.250 4.688
Wt of stem
2 0.5 0.200 5 2.5 1.250 1.467 1.833
3 0.5 2.100 0.2 2.5 0.525 2.300 1.208
Wt of heel slab
4 1.0 2.100 0.3 2.5 1.575 2.650 4.174
5 0.5 1.100 0.2 2.5 0.275 0.733 0.202
Wt of toe slab
6 1.0 1.100 0.3 2.5 0.825 0.550 0.454
7 Wt.of intmdt.portion 1.0 0.500 0.5 2.5 0.625 1.350 0.844
8 1.0 2.300 0 2 0.000 2.55 0.000
9 0.5 0.200 5 2 1.000 1.533 1.533
Wt. of soil above heel slab
10 1.0 2.100 5 2 21.000 2.650 55.650
11 0.5 2.100 0.2 2 0.420 3.000 1.260
12 1.0 1.1 1.5 2 3.300 0.550 1.815
Wt. of soil above toe slab
13 0.5 1.1 0.2 2 0.220 0.367 0.081
14 wt.of crash barrier etc. 1.0 0.175 0 2.5 0.000 1.250 0.000
34.765 73.74

Total Vertical load = 34.765 Total Restoring moment = 73.74

Horz. components of Earth Pressure
C.G. Moment
Area Pressure Height Total Force
S.No. Description from Toe about
factor kahgh (m) (t)
(m) toe (t.m)
1 Horz. Press due to L.L. surcharge 1 0.720 5.1 3.672 2.55 9.36

2 Horz. Press due to ActiveEarthPressure 0.5 3.060 5.1 7.803 2.142 16.71

3 0.5 10.562 2 -7.803 0.667 -5.20

Horz. Press due to PassiveEarthPressure

Total forces = 3.672 20.88

Total overturning moment Mo = 26.08 tm Total vert. load V = 34.765 t
Total restoring moment Mr = 73.74 tm Total Horz. Force = 3.672 t

Factor of safety against overturning Mr/Mo = 2.83 OK > 2

Check for sliding :

Coefficient of friction = 0.500 (tanf)
Total vertical force = 34.765 t
Resisting force = 17.38 t
F.O.S 4.73 OK > 1.5
C.G. of loads from toe = Mr/V = 2.121 m
Eccentricity of loads w.r.t. c/l raft = -0.271 m
Moment about c/l raft = 11.451 t-m
Net moment about base Mn = 9.425 t-m

Calculation of Base Pressure

2
Base pressure due to vertical load V/A = 9.40 Max. Pressure = 14.414 t/m

2
Base pressure due to moment Mn/Z = 5.019 Min Base pressure = 4.377 t/m
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STAAD SPACE
* Staad for Retaining wall
UNIT METER KN
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0.15 0
2 2.1 0.25 0
3 2.35 0.25 0
4 2.6 0.25 0
5 3.7 0.15 0
6 2.35 0.5 0
7 2.35 1.688 0
8 2.35 2.875 0
9 2.35 4.063 0
10 2.35 5.25 0
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1124
536
667
778
889
9 9 10
MEMBER PROPERTY INDIAN
1 TAPERED 0.3 1 0.5 1 0.05 1 0.05
4 TAPERED 0.5 1 0.3 1 0.05 1 0.05
2 3 PRIS YD 0.5 ZD 1
5 PRIS YD 0.5 ZD 1
6 TAPERED 0.5 1 0.45 1 0.05 1 0.05
7 TAPERED 0.45 1 0.4 1 0.05 1 0.05
8 TAPERED 0.4 1 0.35 1 0.05 1 0.05
9 TAPERED 0.35 1 0.3 1 0.05 1 0.05
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 32000000
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 25
ALPHA 1.17e-005
DAMP 0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
1 FIXED BUT KFY 2100
2 FIXED BUT KFY 2350
3 FIXED BUT KFY 500
4 FIXED BUT KFY 1350
5 FIXED BUT KFY 1100
LOAD 1 SELF WEIGHT
SELF Y -1
LOAD 2 Wt. OF SOIL
MEMBER LOAD
1 UNI GY -100
4 UNI GY -30
LOAD 3 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE LWL
MEMBER LOAD
9 TRAP GX 7.125 0
8 TRAP GX 14.25 7.125
7 TRAP GX 21.375 14.25
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6 TRAP GX 28.5 21.375

LOAD 4 LL SURCHARGE LWL
MEMBER LOAD
6 TO 9 UNI GX 7.2
LOAD 5 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE HFL
MEMBER LOAD
9 TRAP GX 15.4375 0
8 TRAP GX 30.875 15.4375
7 TRAP GX 46.3125 30.875
6 TRAP GX 61.75 46.3125
LOAD 6 LL SURCHARGE HFL
MEMBER LOAD
6 TO 9 UNI GX 3.6
LOAD 7 EARTH PRESSURE AT REST LWL
MEMBER LOAD
9 TRAP GX 11.875 0
8 TRAP GX 23.75 11.875
7 TRAP GX 35.625 23.75
6 TRAP GX 47.5 35.625
PERFORM ANALYSIS
UNIT METER KN
FINISH
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BM Summary for deck slab design from Staad

Max. Bending moment at node 2 4 6 7 8 9
1 SELF WEIGHT Mz 15.6 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 WT. OF SOIL Mz 80.1 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE LWL Mz 0.0 0.0 107.2 45.2 13.4 1.7
4 LL SURCHARGE LWL Mz 0.0 0.0 81.2 45.7 20.3 5.1
5 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE HFL Mz 0.0 0.0 232.2 97.9 29.0 3.6
6 LL SURCHARGE HFL Mz 0.0 0.0 40.6 22.8 10.2 2.5
7 EARTH PRESSURE AT REST LWL Mz 0.0 0.0 178.6 75.3 22.3 2.8
Max. Shear force at node 2 4 6 7 8 9
1 SELF WEIGHT Fy 32.4 18.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 WT. OF SOIL Fy 139.4 47.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE LWL Fy 0.0 0.0 67.7 38.1 16.9 4.2
4 LL SURCHARGE LWL Fy 0.0 0.0 34.2 25.6 17.1 8.5
5 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE HFL Fy 0.0 0.0 146.7 82.5 36.7 9.2
6 LL SURCHARGE HFL Fy 0.0 0.0 17.1 12.8 8.6 4.3
7 EARTH PRESSURE AT REST LWL Fy 0.0 0.0 112.8 63.4 28.2 7.0

Factor for Basic Rare Quasi.

1 SELF WEIGHT 1.35 1 1
2 WT. OF SOIL 1.35 1 1
3 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE LWL 1.5 1 1
4 LL SURCHARGE LWL 1.5 1 0
5 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE HFL 1.5 1 1
6 LL SURCHARGE HFL 1.5 1 0
7 EARTH PRESSURE AT REST LWL 1.5 1 1

Max. Bending moment at node Basic Rare

2 4 6 7 8 9 2 4 6 7 8 9
1 SELF WEIGHT 21.0 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.6 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 WT. OF SOIL 108.1 13.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80.1 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE LWL 0.0 0.0 160.8 67.8 20.1 2.5 0.0 0.0 107.2 45.2 13.4 1.7
4 LL SURCHARGE LWL 0.0 0.0 121.8 68.5 30.5 7.6 0.0 0.0 81.2 45.7 20.3 5.1
5 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE HFL 0.0 0.0 348.4 146.9 43.6 5.4 0.0 0.0 232.2 97.9 29.0 3.6
6 LL SURCHARGE HFL 0.0 0.0 60.9 34.3 15.2 3.8 0.0 0.0 40.6 22.8 10.2 2.5
7 EARTH PRESSURE AT REST LWL 0.0 0.0 268.0 113.0 33.5 4.2 0.0 0.0 178.6 75.3 22.3 2.8
Sum 129.2 19.0 409.3 181.2 58.8 10.1 95.7 14.1 272.9 120.8 39.2 6.7

Basic Rare
Max. Shear force at node
2 4 6 7 8 9 2 4 6 7 8 9
1 SELF WEIGHT 43.7 24.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32.4 18.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 WT. OF SOIL 188.1 63.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 139.4 47.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE LWL 0.0 0.0 101.5 57.1 25.4 6.3 0.0 0.0 67.7 38.1 16.9 4.2
4 LL SURCHARGE LWL 0.0 0.0 51.3 38.5 25.7 12.8 0.0 0.0 34.2 25.6 17.1 8.5
5 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE HFL 0.0 0.0 220.0 123.7 55.0 13.7 0.0 0.0 146.7 82.5 36.7 9.2
6 LL SURCHARGE HFL 0.0 0.0 25.7 19.2 12.8 6.4 0.0 0.0 17.1 12.8 8.6 4.3
7 EARTH PRESSURE AT REST LWL 0.0 0.0 169.2 95.2 42.3 10.6 0.0 0.0 112.8 63.4 28.2 7.0
Sum 231.9 88.8 245.7 143.0 67.8 20.2 171.8 65.8 163.8 95.3 45.2 13.4
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Max. Bending moment at node Quasi.

2 4 6 7 8 9
1 SELF WEIGHT 15.6 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 WT. OF SOIL 80.1 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE LWL 0.0 0.0 107.2 45.2 13.4 1.7
4 LL SURCHARGE LWL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE HFL 0.0 0.0 232.2 97.9 29.0 3.6
6 LL SURCHARGE HFL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7 EARTH PRESSURE AT REST LWL 0.0 0.0 178.6 75.3 22.3 2.8
Sum 95.7 14.1 232.2 97.9 29.0 3.6

Quasi.
Max. Shear force at node
2 4 6 7 8 9
1 SELF WEIGHT 32.4 18.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 WT. OF SOIL 139.4 47.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE LWL 0.0 0.0 67.7 38.1 16.9 4.2
4 LL SURCHARGE LWL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE HFL 0.0 0.0 146.7 82.5 36.7 9.2
6 LL SURCHARGE HFL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7 EARTH PRESSURE AT REST LWL 0.0 0.0 112.8 63.4 28.2 7.0
Sum 171.8 65.8 146.7 82.5 36.7 9.2
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ULS check for retaining wall

0.0035 fcd

xu,lim 0.002 0.416xu,lim

Cu

deff Neutral Axis

Tu = (fyk/γm)*Ast
(fyk/γm)/Es
Ast Strain Diagram Stress Diagram

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE

Grade of Concrete fY = 30 N/mm2
As per clause 6.4.2.8, IRC:112-2011
fcd = 13.40 N/mm2 For Basic Combination
Ec = 32000 MPa
Grade of steel fY = 500 N/mm2
fYd = 435 N/mm
2
For Basic Combination
Refer Fig. 6.2 of IRC:112-2011
For steel reinforcement, simplified bilinear diagram is used
Minimum strain in steel reinforcement = 0.87 fy / Es
Es = 2.0E+05 MPa
Cu = fcd*b*(3/7xu,lim + 2/3*4/7xu,lim)
= 17/21*fcd*b*xu Refer Chaper 5 of Reinfroced Concrete
= 0.8095 *fcd*b*xu Limit State Design by Ashok K. Jain
cg of compression block from top = 0.416 xu
Tu = fyd*Ast
Rlim = Mu,Lim/bd2 = 0.8095fcd*(xu lim/d)*(1-0.416*xu lim/d)
Basic Accidental Seismic
Comb Comb Comb
xu,lim/d 0.62 0.62 0.62
Rlim = Mu,Lim/bd2 4.97 4.97 4.97 Here Rlim is in MPa
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Moment on the section Heel Toe stem 1 stem 2 stem 3 stem 4

2 4 6 7 8 9
Actual moment (KNm) 129.2 19.0 409.3 181.2 58.8 10.1
b 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
D 500 500 500 450 400 350
c 50 75 50 50 50 50
d 442.0 419.0 440.0 390.0 342.0 292.0
fck 30 30 30 30 30 30
fY 500 500 500 500 500 500
fcd 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40
fYd 435 435 435 435 435 435
xu,lim/d 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62
2
Rsls = Mu,sls/bd 4.97 4.97 4.97 4.97 4.97 4.97
Mu,Lim (KNm) 972 873 963 757 582 424
OK OK OK OK OK OK
Ast Req. 690 105 2348 1122 403 80
Dia of bar (main tension) (mm) 16 12 16 16 16 16
Spacing (mm) 200 200 180 180 180 180
+ dia of bar (main tension) (mm) 10 12 20 20 0 0
Spacing (mm) 200 200 180 180 180 180
Ast provided (sq mm) 1398 1131 2862 2862 1117 1117
Dia of bar (main compresion) (mm) 12 16 16 16 16 16
Spacing (mm) 200 200 180 180 180 180
Area of main compresion (mm2) 565 1005 1117 1117 1117 1117
fctm 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8
fyk 435 435 435 435 435 435
cl. 16.6.1 (2) of IRC :112-2011
AS.min = 0.26 fctm bt d / fyk >= 0.0013 bt d 740 702 737 653 573 489
Act 443965 454668 385271 335271 355228 305228
fct,eff 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9
kc = 0.4 { 1 - sc / ( k1 fct,eff h/h*) } <= 1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
For Bending or bending combined with axial force
k 0.8600 0.8600 0.8600 0.8950 0.9300 0.9650
ss 435 435 435 435 435 435
cl. 12.3.3 (2) of IRC :112-2011
AS.min = kc k fct,eff Act / ss 1019 1043 884 801 881 786
OK OK OK OK OK OK
As.max = 0.025 Ac (main tension) 12500 12500 12500 11250 10000 8750
cl. 16.5.1.1 (2) of IRC :112-2011 OK OK OK OK OK OK
As.max = 0.04 Ac (tension + compresion) 20000 20000 20000 18000 16000 14000
x (mm) 56 45 115 115 45 45
x/d 0.127 0.108 0.261 0.294 0.131 0.153
OK OK OK OK OK OK
z (mm) 419 400 392 342 323 273
MR (KNm) 254 197 488 426 157 133
OK OK OK OK OK OK
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Shear on the section Heel Toe stem 1 stem 2 stem 3 stem 4

Actual shear VEd (KN) 231.9 88.8 245.7 143.0 67.8 20.2
Ast provided (sq mm) 1398.0 1131.0 2862.3 2862.3 1117.0 1117.0
Width of beam (b) mm 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0
d (mm) 442.0 419.0 440.0 390.0 342.0 292.0
x (mm) 56.0 45.3 114.7 114.7 44.8 44.8
Actual shear stress (N/mm2) 0.583 0.236 0.620 0.407 0.220 0.077
fck 30 30 30 30 30 30
fcd 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40
fyk 435 435 435 435 435 435
Max shear capacity, 0.135 fck(1-fck/310) 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7
OK OK OK OK OK OK
Min shear capacity, 0.0924 fck(1-fck/310) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
-1
Ɵ = 0.5 x sin (Applied shear stress /
0.135/fck/(1-fck/310))
Min angle of inclination, Ɵ (deg) 21.8 21.8 21.8 21.8 21.8 21.8
cl. 10.3.2(2) Eq. 10.2 of IRC :112-2010
K = 1+Sqrt(200/d) <= 2.0 1.673 1.691 1.674 1.716 1.765 1.828
cl. 10.3.2(2) Eq. 10.3 of IRC :112-2010
nmin = 0.031 K3/2 fck1/2 0.367 0.373 0.368 0.382 0.398 0.420
cl. 10.3.1 of IRC :112-2011
r1 = Asl/(bw d) <= 0.02 0.003 0.003 0.007 0.007 0.003 0.004
OK OK OK OK OK OK
0.12 K (80 r1 fck)0.33 0.392 0.376 0.498 0.531 0.418 0.456
Axial compressive force NEd (KN) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Ac 442000 419000 440000 390000 342000 292000
scp = NEd / Ac <= 0.2 fcd 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
cl. 10.3.2(2) Eq. 10.1 of IRC :112-2010
0.33
V Rd.c = [0.12K(80ρ1 fck) + 0.15σcp]bwd <=
162 156 162 149 136 122
( n min + 0.15 scp) bw d (KN)

Provide OK, No Provide OK, No OK, No OK, No

Shear shear reinf. Shear shear reinf. shear reinf. shear reinf.
Reinf. Req. Reinf. Req. Req. Req.
Min shear stress 0.392 0.376 0.498 0.531 0.418 0.456
Min shear force for providing reinf., VE (N) 231875 141753 245658 186282 128595 119796
Spacing required in transverse direction(mm) 200 200 180 180 180 180
No. of link for shear reinf. in per meter 5 5 6 6 6 6
Dia. of bar for shear reinf. 10 10 10 10 10 10
S = Asw x 0.9 x d x cot Ɵ x fy / VE 732 1136 765 894 1135 1041

ASW 393 393 436 436 436 436

cl. 16.5.2(7) Eq. 16.6 of IRC :112-2011
S l.max = 0.75 d 375 375 375 338 300 263
Spacing required in Long. Direction (mm) 300 300 300 300 275 250
cl. 10.3.3.2 Eq. 10.7 of IRC :112-2011
z (mm) 419 400 392 342 323 273
fywd 435 435 435 435 435 435
VRd.s = ASW z fywd / S (KN) 238 228 248 216 223 207
OK OK OK OK OK OK
acw = (scp = NEd / Ac = 0) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
n1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
cl. 10.3.3.2 Eq. 10.8 of IRC :112-2011
VRd.max = acw bw z n1 fcd (KN) 3366 3217 3154 2752 2600 2198
OK OK OK OK OK OK
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cl. 10.3.3.2 Eq. 10.10 of IRC :112-2011

ASW.max <= 0.5 acw n1 fcd bw S / fywd 2774 2774 2774 2774 2543 2312
OK OK OK OK OK OK
cl. 10.3.1 of IRC :112-2011
rw = ASW/( S bw sina) 0.0013 0.0013 0.0015 0.0015 0.0016 0.0017
cl. 10.3.3.5 of IRC :112-2011
rw,min = ( 0.072 fck0.5 ) / fyk 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009
OK OK OK OK OK OK

Distribution reinforcement required 509 522 470 400 441 393

Dia of bar (main tension) (mm) 12 12 12 12 12 12
Spacing (mm) 200 200 200 200 200 200
Ast provided (sq mm) 565 565 565 565 565 565
OK OK OK OK OK OK
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SLS (Rare) check for retaining wall

0.0035 fcd

xu,lim 0.002 0.416xu,lim

Cu

deff Neutral Axis

Tu = (fyk/γm)*Ast
(fyk/γm)/Es
Ast Strain Diagram Stress Diagram

SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE

Grade of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
As per clause 12.2.1, IRC:112-2011
fcd = 14.40 N/mm2 For Rare Combination
fcd = 14.40 N/mm2 For Rare Combination
fcd = 10.80 N/mm2 For Quasi-Perma. Combination
As per clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011
Grade of steel fY = 500 N/mm2
fYd = 400 N/mm2 For Rare Combination
fYd = 400 N/mm2 For Rare Combination
fYd = 400 N/mm2 For Quasi-Perma. Combination
Refer Fig. 6.2 of IRC:112-2011
For steel reinforcement, simplified bilinear diagram is used
Minimum strain in steel reinforcement = 0.87 fy / Es
Es = 2.0E+05 MPa Ec = 32000 MPa
Cu = fcd*b*(3/7xu,lim + 2/3*4/7xu,lim)
= 17/21*fcd*b*xu Refer Chaper 5 of Reinfroced
= 0.8095 *fcd*b*xu Concrete Limit State Design by
cg of compression block from top = 0.416 xu Ashok K. Jain
Tu = fyd*Ast
Rsls = Mu,sls/bd2 = 0.8095fcd*(xu/d)*(1-0.416*xu/d)
Quasi-
Rare Frequent Perma.
Comb Comb Comb
xu,sls/d 0.64 0.64 0.64
Rsls = Mu,sls/bd2 5.45 5.45 4.09 Here Rsls is in MPa
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Job Name DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL FOR 3.5 m HEIGHT FROM GL Date & Rev. 24-08-2019

Moment on the section Heel Toe stem 1 stem 2 stem 3 stem 4

2 4 6 7 8 9
Actual moment (KNm) 95.7 14.1 272.9 120.8 39.2 6.7
b 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
D 500 500 500 450 400 350
c 50 75 50 50 50 50
d 442.0 419.0 440.0 390.0 342.0 292.0
fck 30 30 30 30 30 30
fY 500 500 500 500 500 500
fcd 14.40 14.40 14.40 14.40 14.40 14.40
fYd 400 400 400 400 400 400
xu,sls/d 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64
Rsls = Mu,sls/bd2 5.45 5.45 5.45 5.45 5.45 5.45
Mu,sls (KNm) 1066 958 1056 830 638 465
OK OK OK OK OK OK
Ast Req. 551 84 1637 797 290 58
Dia of bar (main tension) (mm) 16 12 16 16 16 16
Spacing (mm) 200 200 180 180 180 180
+ dia of bar (main tension) (mm) 10 12 20 20 0 0
Spacing (mm) 200 200 180 180 180 180
Ast provided (sq mm) 1398 1131 2862 2862 1117 1117
Dia of bar (main compresion) (mm) 12 16 16 16 16 16
Spacing (mm) 200 200 180 180 180 180
Area of main compresion (mm2) 565 1005 1117 1117 1117 1117
fctm 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80
x (mm) 48.0 38.8 98.2 98.2 38.3 38.3
x/d 0.109 0.093 0.223 0.252 0.112 0.131
OK OK OK OK OK OK
z (mm) 422 403 399 349 326 276
MRsls (KNm) 236 182 457 400 146 123
OK OK OK OK OK OK
ssc = M/( As z ) 162 31 239 121 108 22
OK OK OK OK OK OK
sca = M/( 0.8095 z b xu ) 5.84 1.11 8.60 4.35 3.87 0.79
OK OK OK OK OK OK
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Job Name DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL FOR 3.5 m HEIGHT FROM GL Date & Rev. 24-08-2019

SLS (Quasi.) check for retaining wall

0.0035 fcd

xu,lim 0.002 0.416xu,lim

Cu

deff Neutral Axis

Tu = (fyk/γm)*Ast
(fyk/γm)/Es
Ast Strain Diagram Stress Diagram

SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE

Grade of Concrete fck = 30 N/mm2
As per clause 12.2.1, IRC:112-2011
fcd = 10.80 N/mm2 For Quasi-Perma. Combination
As per clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011
Grade of steel fY = 500 N/mm2
fYd = 400 N/mm2 For Quasi-Perma. Combination
Refer Fig. 6.2 of IRC:112-2011
For steel reinforcement, simplified bilinear diagram is used
Minimum strain in steel reinforcement = 0.87 fy / Es
Es = 2.0E+05 MPa Ec = 32000 MPa
Cu = fcd*b*(3/7xu,lim + 2/3*4/7xu,lim)
= 17/21*fcd*b*xu Refer Chaper 5 of Reinfroced
= 0.8095 *fcd*b*xu Concrete Limit State Design by
cg of compression block from top = 0.416 xu Ashok K. Jain
Tu = fyd*Ast
Rsls = Mu,sls/bd2 = 0.8095fcd*(xu/d)*(1-0.416*xu/d)
Quasi-
Rare Frequent Perma.
Comb Comb Comb
xu,sls/d 0.64 0.64 0.64
Rsls = Mu,sls/bd2 5.45 5.45 4.09 Here Rsls is in MPa
 -
Project Designed by: -
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Job Name DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL FOR 3.5 m HEIGHT FROM GL Date & Rev. 24-08-2019

Moment on the section Heel Toe stem 1 stem 2 stem 3 stem 4

2 4 6 7 8 9
Actual moment (KNm) 95.7 14.1 232.2 97.9 29.0 3.6
b 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
D 500 500 500 450 400 350
c 50 75 50 50 50 50
d 442.0 419.0 440.0 390.0 342.0 292.0
fck 30 30 30 30 30 30
fY 500 500 500 500 500 500
fcd 10.80 10.80 10.80 10.80 10.80 10.80
fYd 400 400 400 400 400 400
xu,sls/d 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64
Rsls = Mu,sls/bd2 4.09 4.09 4.09 4.09 4.09 4.09
Mu,sls (KNm) 799 718 792 622 478 349
OK OK OK OK OK OK
Ast Req. 554 85 1405 648 215 31
Dia of bar (main tension) (mm) 16 12 16 16 16 16
Spacing (mm) 200 200 180 180 180 180
+ dia of bar (main tension) (mm) 10 12 20 20 0 0
Spacing (mm) 200 200 180 180 180 180
Ast provided (sq mm) 1398 1131 2862 2862 1117 1117
Dia of bar (main compresion) (mm) 12 16 16 16 16 16
Spacing (mm) 200 200 180 180 180 180
Area of main compresion (mm2) 565 1005 1117 1117 1117 1117
fctm 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80
x (mm) 64.0 51.7 131.0 131.0 51.1 51.1
x/d 0.145 0.123 0.298 0.336 0.149 0.175
OK OK OK OK OK OK
z (mm) 415 397 386 336 321 271
MRsls (KNm) 232 180 441 384 143 121
OK OK OK OK OK OK
ssc = M/( As z ) 165 31 210 102 81 12
OK OK OK OK OK OK
sca = M/( 0.8095 z b xu ) 4.45 0.85 5.68 2.75 2.19 0.32
OK OK OK OK OK OK
Calculation of crack width
n1 5 5 6 6 6 6
n2 5 5 6 6 6 6
2 2
f eq =( n1f1 + n2 f2 ) / (n1f1+n2f2) 14 12 18 18 16 16
cl. 12.3.4 (3) of IRC :112-2011
c 50 75 50 50 50 50
k1 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
k2 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
For skew slab refer eq. 12.10 of IRC :112-2011
r p.eff = As / Ac,eff 0.006 0.005 0.011 0.013 0.006 0.006
Sr,max ={ 3.4 c + ( 0.425 k1 k2 f ) / rp.eff } 586 706 441 414 657 596
cl. 12.3.4 (3) of IRC :112-2011
kt 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5
fct,eff 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90
Es 200000 200000 200000 200000 200000 200000
Ecm 32000 32000 32000 32000 32000 32000
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Job Name DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL FOR 3.5 m HEIGHT FROM GL Date & Rev. 24-08-2019

ae = Es / Ecm 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25

(esm-ecm)=(ssc-kt fct,eff(1+ae rp,eff)/rp,eff )/Es 0.0005 0.0001 0.0006 0.0003 0.0002 0.0000
cl. 12.3.4 (2) of IRC :112-2011
Wk = Sr,max (esm - ecm ) 0.29 0.07 0.278 0.13 0.16 0.02
cl. 12.3.4 (1) of IRC :112-2011
OK OK OK OK OK OK