Basic Safety Training Refresher Standard: Publication Date: 2 May 2023

Safety training
Basic Safety Training

Refresher Standard
V12
Publication date: 2 May 2023

Safety training
Basic Safety Refresher Training / V12

2023-05-02
CONTENTS
1. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................................... 4
2. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 5
3. CHANGE LOG...................................................................................................................................................................... 6
4. SCOPE................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE GWO BST REFRESHER ............................................................................................... 9
5.1 Overview 9
5.2 Target Group 10
5.3 Aims and Objectives 10
5.4 Duration of the BSTR Modules 10
5.5 Validity Period 11
5.6 Course Codes 11
5.7 Participant Prerequisites for the BSTR 12
6. USING THIS STANDARD TO DEVELOP TRAINING.............................................................................................................. 12
7. MODULE 1 – BSTR FIRST AID MODULE ............................................................................................................................ 14
7.1 Aims and Objectives for the BSTR First Aid Module 14
7.2 Duration of the BSTR First Aid Module 14
7.3 BSTR First Aid Module Participant Ratio 14
7.4 Equipment for the BSTR First Aid Module 15
7.5 BSTR First Aid Module Timetable 15
7.6 Detailed Description of the BSTR First Aid Module 16
Introduction to the training ................................................................................................................................ 16

Practical application of the primary survey ........................................................................................................ 19
Scenario-based training ...................................................................................................................................... 24
Training review ................................................................................................................................................... 26
8. MODULE 2 – BSTR MANUAL HANDLING MODULE .......................................................................................................... 29
9. MODULE 3 – BSTR FIRE AWARENESS MODULE ............................................................................................................... 31
10. MODULE 4 – BSTR WORKING AT HEIGHTS MODULE ....................................................................................................... 33
10.1 Aims and Objectives of the BSTR Working at Heights Module 33

10.2 Duration of the BSTR Working at Heights Module 33
10.3 BSTR Working at Heights Instructor to Participant Ratio 33
10.4 Equipment for the BSTR Working at Heights Module 34
10.5 BSTR Working at Heights Module Timetable 35
Global Wind Organisation©2023 / www.globalwindsafety.org 2 / 129

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10.6 Detailed Description of the BSTR Working at Heights Module 37

Knowledge review............................................................................................................................................... 42
PPE Review exercises .......................................................................................................................................... 44
Theory ................................................................................................................................................................. 45
Measures to prevent injury during training ........................................................................................................ 50
Individual practical review exercises................................................................................................................... 51
Practical exercises – group.................................................................................................................................. 54
Training review ................................................................................................................................................... 57
10.7 Participant performance assessment 58
11. MODULE 5 – BSTR WORKING AT HEIGHTS WITH MANUAL HANDLING MODULE ........................................................... 61
11.1 Aims and Objectives of the BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling Module 61
11.2 Duration of the BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling Module 61
11.3 BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling Instructor to Participant Ratio 61
11.4 Equipment for BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling Module 62
11.5 BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling Module timetable 63
11.6 Detailed Description of the BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling Module 65

Knowledge review............................................................................................................................................... 70
PPE review exercises ........................................................................................................................................... 73
Theory ................................................................................................................................................................. 74
Measures to prevent injury during training ........................................................................................................ 79
Individual practical review exercises................................................................................................................... 81
Practical exercises – group.................................................................................................................................. 85
Training review ................................................................................................................................................... 88
11.7 Participant performance assessment 89
12. MODULE 6 – BSTR SEA SURVIVAL MODULE .................................................................................................................... 92
ANNEX 1 - EQUIPMENT LISTS ......................................................................................................................................................... 94
ANNEX 2 - GUIDELINE FOR WARM-UP EXERCISES........................................................................................................................ 101
ANNEX 3 - MANUAL HANDLING RISK ASSESSMENT ..................................................................................................................... 108
ANNEX 4 - VERSION HISTORY ....................................................................................................................................................... 118

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1. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AED Automatic External Defibrillator
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AS/NZS Australia and New Zealand Standard
BST Basic Safety Training
BSTR Basic Safety Training Refresher
BWH Basic Working at Height
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
CSA Canadian Standards Association
EN European Standards
EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon
ERC European Resuscitation Council
GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
GWO Global Wind Organisation
H.E.L.P. Heat Escape Lessening Posture
ILCOR International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation
LSA Life Saving Appliances
MES Marine Evacuation Systems
MOB Man Overboard
PLB Personal Locating Beacon
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
PTSD Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
SAR Search and Rescue
SART Search and Rescue Transponder

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SRL Self-Retractable Lifeline
T.I.L.E. Task Individual Load Environment
WTG Wind Turbine Generator
2. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Term Definition
Additional fallDescribes the use of an independent, additional suitable fall protection system in conjunction with a
protection primary fall protection system. Typically, used during training to provide fall protection to participants as
they learn to use fall protection equipment. Additional fall protection may sometimes be referred to as a
“backup”.
The additional fall protection system should be chosen in such a way that it will not hinder the exercise.
Preferably this additional fall protection is not even noticeable by the participant.
As low as This means that a risk is identified and controlled to a lower level weighted against the effort, time and
reasonably money needed to control it.
practicable
Fall arrest Preventing the user of a personal fall protection system from colliding with the ground, structure, or any
other obstacle during a free fall.
Fall arrest Personal fall protection system which limits the impact force on the body of the user during fall arrest
system
Fall Preventing the user of a personal fall protection system from going into a free fall
prevention
Must For clarity where the word must is used in this standard it shall have the same meaning as shall
Personal fall Assembly of components intended to protect the user against falls from height, including a body holding
protection device and an attachment system, which can be connected to a reliable anchorage point
system
Rescue Personal fall protection system by which a person can rescue themselves or others, in such a way that a
system free fall is prevented
Restraint Personal fall protection system which prevents the user from reaching zones where the risk of a fall from
system height exists
Shall Verbal form used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to this training
standard and from which no deviation is permitted

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Should Verbal form used to indicate that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable,
without mentioning or excluding others, or that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily
required
Work Personal fall protection system which enables the user to work in tension or suspension in such a way
positioning that free fall is prevented
system
3. CHANGE LOG
Amendment date Version Approved by & date

2 May 2023 12 GWO TC 2023
Description of changes
Changes throughout
• New layout
• MAC deleted throughout the standard
• GWO Requirements for Training – title updated
Section 2 Terms and definitions
• Definition for “as low as reasonably practicable” added
• Definition for “additional fall protection” added
Section 4. Scope
• Text revised and updated
Section 5.4 Duration
• Text updated to clarify instructions
Section 5.4 Note
Section 5.7 and 5.8 Participant Prerequisites for the BSTR Modules
• Text simplified with “All personnel participating must meet the participant prerequisites described in the GWO
Requirements for Training.”
Section 5.9 Training Equipment
• Text Deleted

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Section 6 Understanding the GWO Taxonomy
• The section Understanding the GWO taxonomy has been replaced with a referral to the GWO Requirements for
Training
First Aid Refresher Module
Section 7.2 Duration of the BSTR First Aid Module
Section 7.5 First Aid Module Refresher Timetable
• Text updated
Section 10.2 Duration of the BSTR Working at Heights Module
Section 10.4 Equipment for the BSTR First Aid Module
Working at Heights Refresher Module
Section 10.4 Equipment for Working at Heights Module
Section 10.5 BSTR Working at Heights Module Timetable
Lesson 5, Element 5.1 Control measures and warm up
• Element 5.1.5 text replaced
Working at Heights with Manual Handling Module
Section 11.2 Duration of the BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling Module
Section 11.4 Equipment for BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling Module
Section 11.5 BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling Module Timetable
Lesson 5, Element 5.1 Control measures and warm up
• Element 5.1.5 replaced

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Equipment List
• Equipment list for working at heights and working at heights & manual handling has been updated
- All EN/ANSI/GB/BS EN numbers have been updated
- “Work restraint lanyards” has been changed to “fall restraint lanyards”
- “Vertical fall arrest system” has been changes to “vertical fall arrest system on a rigid anchor line”
- “Fixed length fall arrest lanyard” has been changed to “fall arrest lanyard including energy absorber”
- “Helmets” have been updated to “industrial safety helmet with a chin strap that is released with a force of
no less than 150 N and not more than 250 N”
- “Carabiners” has been changed to “connectors (carabiners)”
• “Evacuation and rescue devices” has been split into two categories: “Rescue devices with lifting capacity” (EN
1496) and “devices for emergency decent” (EN 341)
4. SCOPE
Global Wind Organisation is a non-profit body founded by the wind turbine manufacturers and owners. Our members
strive for an injury free work environment in the wind turbine industry, setting common international standards for
safety training and emergency procedures.
This standard describes the requirements for Basic Safety Training Refresher courses that are recommended by the
members of GWO. The full standard covers six modules:
1. First Aid
2. Manual Handling
3. Fire Awareness
4. Working at Height
5. Working at Height & Manual Handling Combined
6. Sea Survival
The members of the Global Wind Organisation (GWO) recognise trained persons as competent within basic safety in
the wind industry and accept the trained person as possessing the required knowledge to stop an unsafe situation
where they as duty-holders are accountable for safety.

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This standard has been developed in response to the demand for recognisable safety training in the industry and has
been prepared in co-operation between the members of GWO based on risk assessments and factual incident and
accident statistics from G+ and the wind industry.
General feedback on this document can be sent to [email protected] See globalwindsafety.org on how to
raise a complaint about a training provider or report a safety incident occurring during training.
5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE GWO BST REFRESHER

Upon completion of the Global Wind Organisation (GWO) Basic Safety Training Refresher (BSTR) participants will
possess an awareness of the hazards encountered when working within the wind industry and how to control and
mitigate these hazards. The BSTR will also equip participants with the knowledge, skills, and confidence to appropriately
respond in the event of an emergency and to increase their safety through proper use of personal protective
equipment (PPE), emergency equipment and procedures.
The approved GWO Basic Safety Training Refresher (BSTR) refreshes, reviews and builds on participants existing skills
and tools obtained during BST Module courses, which include Fire Awareness, First Aid, Working at Heights, and
Manual Handling Modules. To enable participants to work in the offshore environment, an additional GWO Sea Survival
Module training shall be completed.
5.1 Overview
The GWO Basic Safety Training Refresher is divided into the following six modules:
Module 1: First Aid Refresher
Module 2: Manual Handling Refresher
Module 3: Fire Awareness Refresher
Module 4: Working at Heights Refresher
Module 5: Working at Heights and Manual Handling Combined refresher
Module 6: Sea Survival Refresher
Note Module 5, Working at Heights & Manual Handling Combined Refresher is a combined module comprising
the lessons and elements from both the Working at Heights Module and the Manual Handling Module and
is intended to be delivered in one day. The Working at Height & Manual Handling Combined Module can be
delivered instead of the two standalone modules. Where the combined module is delivered then the
participants shall receive two training records one for working at height and one for manual handling.

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5.2 Target Group

Personnel who will be working in the wind industry or related fields and will have their duties in a wind turbine
environment, usually in physical contact with a wind turbine or an offshore wind structure.
Personnel that perform job functions that has been risk assessed by their employer or their workplace duty holder as a
function, where training according to one or more modules of the BST standard may mitigate of the identified risks.
5.3 Aims and Objectives

The aim of BSTR is to review and build on previously gained knowledge and skills from BST through theoretical and
practical training.
This BSTR training shall enable participants to support and care for themselves and others working in the industry by
possessing the knowledge and skills of first aid, working at heights, manual handling, fire awareness, sea survival and in
case of an emergency, to be able to evacuate, rescue and provide appropriate first aid to casualties.
5.4 Duration of the BSTR Modules

The total contact time for completing the basic safety training standard is to be 21 hours and 50 minutes. This is based
on the times given in the module timetables and summarised in table 5.4.1 below.
The training provider must not exceed the time per day given in table 5.4.2 below.
Modules Duration
First Aid Refresher 4 hours 00 minutes
Manual Handling Refresher 3 hours 35 minutes
Fire Awareness Refresher 3 hours 20 minutes
Working at Heights Refresher 8 hours 00 minutes
Working at Heights & Manual handling Refresher 8 hours 00 minutes
Sea Survival Refresher 6 hours 30 minutes
Table 5.4.1 - GWO BSTR Module durations
Maximum Duration Per Day
Contact time 8 hours
Total training day 10 hours
Table 5.4.2 – Maximum durations for training days

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Note Contact time includes delivery of course lesson content, practical exercises and activities directly related to
these.
The total training day includes contact time, meals and breaks and travel between training sites (where
applicable).
The delivery of this module must comply with the requirements described in the GWO Requirements for Training.
5.5 Validity Period

The Basic Safety Training Refresher Modules are valid for the period stated in the table below. Certificates and training
records shall be renewed before the end of a given validity period. A certificate or training record can be renewed up to
two months prior to expiry and maintain the original certification date by uploading the previous certificate’s valid until
date in WINDA.
If a certificate or training record is renewed outside of two months of expiry, it must carry the new date of certification.
A participant is only allowed to attend a refresher course in the specific training module prior to the date of expiry on
the current certificate or training records.
If a certificate or training record is expired, the participant must attend the full Basic Safety Training module(s) to obtain
a new training record.
The validity period is automatically calculated in WINDA by entering the course completion date.
Course/module Certificate Validity (Months)
First Aid Refresher 24 months
Manual Handling Refresher 24 months
Fire Awareness Refresher 24 months
Working at Heights Refresher 24 months
Working at Heights & Manual Handling Refresher 24 months
Sea Survival Refresher 24 months
Table 5.5.1 – GWO BSTR modules certificate validity periods
5.6 Course Codes
Module Course Code
First Aid Refresher FAR

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Manual Handling MHR
Fire Awareness FAWR
Working at Heights WAHR
Sea Survival SSR
Table 5.6.1 – GWO BSTR module course codes
5.7 Participant Prerequisites for the BSTR

All personnel participating must meet the participant prerequisites described in the GWO Requirements for Training.
6. USING THIS STANDARD TO DEVELOP TRAINING

The training in this standard is designed around the GWO taxonomy described in the GWO Requirements for Training.
Theoretical and practical activities must be delivered according to the defined taxonomic level in order to reach the
described learning objectives.
When teaching safety equipment, a generic approach to shall be applied aiming to avoid additional potential product
specific formal training after completion of this training. However, national or regional legislation, company gap analysis
and location specific risk assessments may require additional product specific familiarisation which is the responsibility
of the duty holder.
In addition to this, all training based on this standard including all related resources shall, as a minimum, meet the
requirements described in the GWO Requirements for Training.

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First Aid Refresher

Module
(FAR)

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7. MODULE 1 – BSTR FIRST AID MODULE

7.1 Aims and Objectives for the BSTR First Aid Module
The aim of this module is to enable participants, through theoretical and practical training, to refresh the participants
prior experiences, knowledge, skills, and abilities to enable participants to recognise signs and symptoms of life
threating situations and administer safe and effective first aid in the wind turbine industry/WTG environment in order
to save lives, preventing further illness or injury, until the casualty can be handed over to the next level of care in case
of an incident in the wind turbine industry/WTG environment.
After having successfully complete this BSTR First Aid module, the participants will have the ability to:
1) Act independently in recognising, assessing, and prioritising the need for basic first aid and providing lifesaving
first aid until the casualty can be handed over to the next level of care in case of an incident in the wind turbine
industry/WTG environment (Ability, intermediate level)
2) Take responsibility for recognising their limitations as a basic first aider, calling for help and enable evacuation off
the casualty in case of an incident in the wind turbine industry/WTG environment (Ability, intermediate level)
7.2 Duration of the BSTR First Aid Module

The total contact time for completing the BSTR First Aid Module is estimated to be 4 hours and 0 minutes.
The training provider must not exceed the time per day given in the table 7.2.1 below.
these.
applicable).
7.3 BSTR First Aid Module Participant Ratio

The ratio shown for theory sessions indicates the maximum number of participants per instructor attending the course.
Practical ratios indicate the maximum number of participants to be supervised by an instructor during each activity.

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Module Session Instructor to Participant Ratio

Theory 1:12
BSTR First Aid
Practical 1:6
Table 7.3.1 – GWO First Aid Refresher Module instructor to participant ratio
7.4 Equipment for the BSTR First Aid Module

The equipment required for training as listed in Annex 1 must be available and must fulfil national legal requirements as
listed in table Annex 1-1 where applicable.
7.5 BSTR First Aid Module Timetable

The order in which elements of this Module training are delivered may vary according to the didactical choices of the
delivering training provider.
Lesson Element Duration

1. Introduction to the training 1.1 Safety instructions and emergency procedures
1.2 Facilities
1.3 Introduction
1.4 Scope and main learning objectives
1.5 Ongoing assessments (participant assessment
form)
1.6 Motivation
TOTAL 20 min.
2. Practical application of the 2.1 Primary survey (“C” A – B – C)
primary survey
2.2 “C” – catastrophic external bleeding
2.3 Unresponsive
2.4 CPR – unresponsive, not breathing
2.5 Calling for help
2.6 Head-to-toe examination
TOTAL 80 min.
3. Scenario-based training 3.1 Practice first aid techniques
TOTAL 130 min.
4. Training Review 4.1 Training review

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4.2 Feedback session

TOTAL 10 min.
GRAND TOTAL 240 min.
7.6 Detailed Description of the BSTR First Aid Module
INTRODUCTION TO THE TRAINING
20 min.
The aim of this lesson is for the participants to be motivated and to engage in the training safely at a training facility,
while recognising what is expected of them during the training.
After having successfully completed this lesson, the participants can:
1) Recognise what is expected of them throughout the module (Knowledge, basic level)
2) Name and point out local emergency procedures and facilities (Knowledge, basic level)
3) Discuss the relevant human factors and explain their implications (Knowledge, intermediate level)
ELEMENT 1.1 - SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Learning objective:
4) The participant shows interest or curiosity in the safety and emergency procedures at the training facility
(Ability, basic level)
The instructor shall:
Explain and ask involving questions aiming at:
a. safety instructions according to internal procedures
b. emergency procedures and emergency exits in the areas where the participants can be expected to be
located during the course
The participants shall:
Engage in answering questions on local safety and emergency procedures

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ELEMENT 1.2 - FACILITES
Learning objective:
5) The participant can recognise the location of facilities at the training location (Knowledge, basic level)
Present a general description of the facilities at the training location (administration, dining area, restrooms,
toilets, etc.)
Alternative activity: lead a tour and point out facilities
Note relevant facilities and ask questions when in doubt
ELEMENT 1.3 - INTRODUCTION
Learning objective:
6) The participant show interest in fellow participants and the course content and design (Ability, basic level)
Explain the timetable of the BSTR First Aid Module, including breaks and mealtimes
Give a short introduction to themselves, including their backgrounds as instructors
Ask for participants’ expectations of the training and their learning or development
Give a short introduction to themselves, including job function and expected primary geographic work location
and share expectations on the training

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ELEMENT 1.4 - SCOPE AND MAIN LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Learning objective:
7) The participant can recognise the scope and main objectives of the BSTR First Aid Training Module
(Knowledge, basic level)
Present the scope and main learning objectives of the BSTR First Aid Module through a scenario, a challenge or,
“Your goal with the BSTR First Aid Module, should you choose to accept is…”-message
Note A suggested learning activity could be to share stories, present scenarios or personal experiences that show
the importance of being able to do basic first aid in the wind industry (what is in it for the participants).
Note Where possible, ‘learning objectives – PowerPoint slide(s)’ as part of the introduction should be avoided.
Instead use stories, examples or personal experiences that shows the importance of being able to provide
basic first aid in the wind industry and the importance of the BSTR First Aid Module.
Involve participants with questions on understanding and individual experiences relevant to the BSTR First Aid
Module
Engage in answering questions and share experiences relevant to the BSTR First Aid Module
ELEMENT 1.5 - ONGOING ASSESSMENTS (PARTICIPANT ASSESSMENT FORM)
Learning objective:
8) The participant can recognise the assessment procedure and the aim of the ongoing assessment
Explain the reasons for the ongoing assessment
Explain the layout of the GWO participant assessment form and how it will be used

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Engage themselves in discussions and ask questions when in doubt on relation to the assessment procedure
ELEMENT 1.6 - MOTIVATION
Learning objective:
9) The participant shows interest and willingness to engage in the learning activities (Ability, basic level)
Explain and lead a discussion on:
a. the importance of personal involvement in the course
b. the definition of and the need for BSTR First Aid Module understandings and abilities:
Note Positive motivation is the driving force for commitment, and the instructor should make a focused effort to
support growth of the necessary attitude and motivation in the participant.
Engage themselves in discussions and share experiences on BSTR First Aid training
Note When the participants succeed by trying out on their own, bring their relevant experience into play and
apply learning points from the instructor’s feedback, the participant develops a positive attitude and
responsibility towards the subject and the performance in the work situation
PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE PRIMARY SURVEY
80 min.
The aim of this lesson is to refresh the participants prior experiences, knowledge, skills, and abilities to enable the
participants to recognise signs and symptoms of life threating situations and save lives and preventing injury to the
casualty by being able to use primary survey to provide the correct and effective lifesaving first aid in case of an
emergency situation in the wind industry.

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10) Act independently in providing lifesaving basic first aid by using primary survey to identify and treat life-
threatening conditions in a prioritised order in an incident in a WTG environment (Ability, intermediate level). The
mentioned life-threatening conditions include:
a. catastrophic external bleeding
b. unresponsive casualty
c. unresponsive not breathing casualty
ELEMENT 2.1 - PRIMARY SURVEY (“C” – A – B – C)
Learning objective:
11) The participant can perform a correct primary survey in incidents (Skills, intermediate level)
Facilitate practice for the participants in how to do a primary survey (“C”- A-B-C) in incident(s)
Note The instructor shall give constructive feedback to the participants performance throughout the elements of
this lesson
Engage in the practise of how to do a primary survey (“C”- A-B-C) in incident(s)
Note The participants shall think about the received feedback and use the feedback to improve their performance
throughout the elements of this lesson
ELEMENT 2.2 - “C” – CATASTROPHIC EXTERNAL BLEEDING
Learning objectives:
12) The participant can solve the challenge of how to detect catastrophic external bleeding (Ability, basic level)
13) The participant can perform the correct treatment of a casualty with catastrophic external bleeding
including the use of first aid equipment (Skills, intermediate level)

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Facilitate guided practice for the participants in detecting catastrophic external bleeding e.g.:
a. present examples of ‘bleeding’ casualties; some casualties with catastrophic external bleeding and some
casualties that are bleeding, but not considered to be catastrophic external bleeding (e.g. examples of
casualties with arterial bleed and examples of other casualties with venous bleed)
b. ask the participants to detect which are the casualties with catastrophic external bleeding and why?
c. facilitate practice for the correct treatment of a casualty with catastrophic external bleeding including the
use of first aid equipment:
c.i direct pressure and dressings
c.ii correct use of a tourniquet
c.iii use of improvised techniques to control catastrophic external bleeding e.g improvised tourniquet
Engage in the learning activity and practise how to detect catastrophic bleeding
Engage in the practice of how to correctly treat a casualty with catastrophic external bleeding including the use
of first aid equipment:
a. direct pressure and dressings
b. correct use of a tourniquet and improvised tourniquet (two tourniquets may be required to control
bleeding)
ELEMENT 2.3 - UNRESPONSIVE
Learning objective:
14) The participant can perform first aid to an unresponsive casualty (Skills, intermediate level)
Facilitate practice for the participants in providing first aid to an unresponsive casualty:

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a. reasons for being unresponsive
b. threats to the casualty e.g. casualty´s airways
c. primary survey (“C” – A - B - C)
d. unresponsive and breathing casualty should be managed using positional techniques such as the recovery
position (or other national/regional established practices)
Practise providing first aid to an unresponsive casualty
a. threats to the casualty e.g. casualty´s airways
b. primary survey (“C” – A - B - C)
c. unresponsive and breathing casualty should be managed using positional techniques such as the recovery
position (or other national/regional established practices)
ELEMENT 2.4 - CPR – UNRESPONSIVE, NOT BREATHING
15) The participant can apply an AED safely and correctly following the AED safety procedures (Skills,
intermediate level)
16) The participant can perform the correct first aid to an unresponsive, not breathing casualty (Skills,
intermediate level)
Facilitate practice for the participants in how to use an AED correctly and safely
Facilitate practice for the participants in how to do provide first aid for an unresponsive and not breathing
casualty
Give constructive feedback to the participants performance in providing first aid to an unresponsive casualty,
not breathing casualty
Engage in the practice of correctly and safely using an AED

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Engage in the practice of how to provide first aid for an unresponsive and not breathing casualty
a. primary survey (“C” – A - B - C)
b. performing CPR on adults both with and without the use of an AED
ELEMENT 2.5 - CALLING FOR HELP
Note This element can be combined with the other elements of Lesson 2
Learning objective:
17) The participant can perform appropriate call for help in case of a first aid incident in the wind industry
(Skills, intermediate level)
Facilitate practise for the participants in how to appropriately call for help in case of a first aid incident in the
wind industry
Give constructive feedback to the participants´ performance in how to appropriately call for help in case of a
first aid incident in the wind industry
Practise calling for help in a first aid incident
ELEMENT 2.6 - HEAD-TO-TOE EXAMINATION
Learning objective:
18) The participant can perform a correct head-to-toe examination of a casualty (Skills, intermediate level)
Facilitate practice for the participants in how to do a head-to-toe examination and ask the participants
questions about what the focus of a head-to-toe examination is (identifying other injuries) and why a head-to-
toe exam is performed
Give constructive feedback to the participants performance throughout the activities of this element

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Engage in the practice of how to do a head-to-toe examination
Engage in answering the questions about what the focus of a head-to-toe examination is and why it is
performed
SCENARIO-BASED TRAINING
130 min.
The aim of this lesson is to refresh the participants prior experiences, knowledge, skills, abilities to enable the
participants to be able to assess, assist and provide the correct lifesaving basic first aid in an incident in the wind
industry.
19) Take responsibility for managing incidents with the correct approach and assessments made in a first aid
incident in a WTG environment (Ability, Intermediate level)
20) Act independently in correctly assessing, assisting, and providing the necessary first aid in a first aid incident in a
WTG environment (Ability, Intermediate level)
21) Take responsibility for the correct use of first aid equipment (Ability, Intermediate level)
22) Discuss common and expected reactions to acting as a first aider, to an unusual situation and to a casualty
(Knowledge, intermediate level)
Note The instructor must lead a brief warmup of the participants in accordance with Annex 2 of the BSTR
Standard – Guideline for warm-up exercises prior to beginning scenario based practical exercises.
Explain safety procedures in the training area
Facilitate practice for the participants in providing first aid through scenario-based training. As a minimum, the
instructor must ensure that each participant practise the following through the scenario-based training:
a. managing incidents (following the correct first aid structure for the incident and the condition of the
casualty)
b. providing necessary lifesaving first aid for a casualty that is unconscious and require CPR
c. correct use of first aid equipment

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d. correct and safe use of an AED
Give constructive feedback to and debrief the participants´ performance throughout the scenario-based
training:
a. review positive actions observed during exercise
b. suggest points for improvement
c. acting as a first aider e.g. what are their reactions to this?
d. normal reactions to an unusual situation
Practise providing basic first aid through relevant scenarios. As a minimum, the participants must practise the
following through the scenario-based training:
a. managing incidents (following the correct first aid structure for the incident and the condition of the
casualty)
b. providing necessary lifesaving first aid
c. correct use of first aid equipment
d. correct and safe use of an AED
Engage in the debriefing and share their experiences and attitudes
Think about the received feedback and use the feedback to improve their performance
Note This scenario-based training shall be conducted as group work with one or more participants as first aiders,
while the other participants act as casualty/casualties or observer/s. Each participant shall, as a minimum,
participate as a first aider i.e. not as a casualty at least two times. Relevant first aid equipment shall be
available and used at all times during scenario-based training. To ensure all of the above-mentioned points
are covered during scenario-based training, training providers shall combine several of the following first
aid situations mentioned below
Note Scenarios from the below lists can be combined at will during the scenario-based training as long as all the
mandatory scenarios are covered
The mandatory scenarios to be covered during scenario-based training are:
a. one electrical incident
b. one incident with either a stroke (circulatory, respiratory, central nervous system) or a heart attack
c. two scenarios must include a head-to-toe examination of the casualty

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d. CPR using an AED
Additional scenarios which should be considered included in the scenario-based training are:
a. dropped object – serious injury
b. fall from heights
c. hypovolemic shock
d. serious external bleeding
e. unresponsive with normal breathing
f. serious burns (chemical, electrical, thermal and sun)
g. hypothermia
h. crush injury (e.g. finger injuries)
i. chemical contacts to the eye
j. minor incident escalating to a serious incident
TRAINING REVIEW
10 min.
The aim of this lesson is to enable the participants to think about and process their learning outcome and key
takeaways from the module, aiming to achieve a high learning transfer from the module to their way of working.
ELEMENT 4.1 - TRAINING REVIEW
Re-present the overall aims and learning objectives of the module for the participants’ comparison of their
learning outcome and the achievement of their previously stated expectations for the module
Think about their learning outcome and key takeaways from the First Aid Refresher Module, aiming to achieve
a high learning transfer from the module to their way of working by means of e.g.:
a. group discussion or walk and talk

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b. questions and answers in class, or where suitable
Note The instructor may additionally conduct a local evaluation of the training.
ELEMENT 4.2 - FEEDBACK SESSION
Give an overall feedback and feed forward on the participants’ learning outcome inspired by the training as
well as from the training-review-session
Encourage the participants to examine and grow awareness of which specific elements in their own WTG
type/WTG environment differ from the training scenario environment (to visualise and enhance learning
transfer)
Encourage the participants to discuss with colleagues about how the BSTR First Aid Module content, methods
and techniques are similar or different to the local specific conditions identified after the module completion

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Manual Handling
Refresher
(MHR)

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8. MODULE 2 – BSTR MANUAL HANDLING MODULE

Delivery of the Manual Handling Refresher Module covers same content, duration, learning objectives as described in
BST Manual Handling.
The Manual Handling training can consist of first-time participants and refresher participants in the same classroom.
The training is designed to allow the more experienced participants to contribute more actively and share their
knowledge with the refresher participants.
Note If training is conducted with first time participants and refresher participants in the same classroom, then
first-time participants shall receive a MH record in WINDA and refresher participants shall receive an MHR
record in WINDA.

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Fire Awareness
Refresher (FAWR)
(FAWR)

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9. MODULE 3 – BSTR FIRE AWARENESS MODULE

Delivery of the BSTR Fire Awareness Module covers same content, duration, learning objectives as described in BST Fire
Awareness Module.
The fire awareness training can consist of first-time participants and refresher participants in the same classroom. The
training is designed to allow the more experienced participants to contribute more actively and share their knowledge
with the refresher participants.
Note If training is conducted with first time participants and refresher participants in the same classroom, then
first-time participants shall receive a FAW record in WINDA and refresher participants shall receive a FAWR
record in WINDA.

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Working at Heights
Refresher
(WAHR)

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10. MODULE 4 – BSTR WORKING AT HEIGHTS MODULE

10.1 Aims and Objectives of the BSTR Working at Heights Module
The aim of this BSTR Working at Heights Module is to review and build on previously gained knowledge and skills
through theoretical and practical training so that participants can use basic personal protective equipment and perform
safe work at heights and safe and comprehensive basic rescue from heights in the wind turbine industry/ WTG
environment.
After having successfully completed this BST Working at Heights Module, the participants can act independently and
safely when using basic personal protective equipment, working at heights, and performing comprehensive basic
rescue from heights in a remote wind turbine environment (Ability, intermediate level).
Note The BSTR Working at Heights Module is not a test for participant’s fear of heights.
10.2 Duration of the BSTR Working at Heights Module

The total contact time for completing the BSTR Working at Heights Module is to be 8 hours and 0 minutes.
The training provider must not exceed the time per day given in the table 10.2.1 below.
these.
applicable).
10.3 BSTR Working at Heights Instructor to Participant Ratio

Other ratios indicate the maximum number of participants to be supervised by an instructor during each activity.

BSTR First Aid Theory 1:12

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Practical 1:6
Session (Onside) Instructor to Participant Ratio
Theory 1:12
Practical 1:4
Table 10.3.1 – GWO BSTR Working at Heights Module instructor to participant ratio
10.4 Equipment for the BSTR Working at Heights Module

listed in table Annex 1-1 in Annex 1 where applicable.
A generic approach to teaching safety equipment is applied to this module aiming to avoid potential product specific
additional training on completion of this module, which may be required by the participant’s organisation e.g. prior to
site or work.
The generic approach is achieved by teaching a variety of safety equipment products within each safety equipment
category (e.g., guided type fall arresters). This enables the participants to conduct pre-use inspection and to use other
safety equipment products compared to those taught during this module (based on the manufacturer’s user manual).
Additional fall protection must always be used during training activities at height.
The training provider shall introduce control measures that lower the risks and hazards associated with a fall from
height to an acceptable level, following the Hierarchy of Controls in their risk assessment GWO recommends a
maximum fall factor of 0.5. To calculate this the following formula has been used, based on a maximum allowed lanyard
length of 2.00m and a fall of 1.00m.
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 (𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹) =
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿ℎ 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
1.00 𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 (𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹) =
2.00 𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 (𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹) = 0.5
During the evacuation exercises in this module the anchor points used for the attachment of fall arrest lanyards with
energy absorbers must be high enough above the ground (or structure below them) that in the event that a person
experiences a fall, the shock absorber in their fall arrest lanyard can fully deploy and prevent the participant from
contacting the ground (or structure directly below the anchor point).
During the evacuation exercise the participants must be able to experience a minimum amount of descent using an
evacuation or rescue device to ensure that they gain the experience of the speed of descent using these devices. This
can be achieved by having the participant descend from a minimum height using a rescue or evacuation device.
To ensure that for all fall protection equipment that may be used that there will be enough clearance below the anchor
point, and to ensure that the participants can experience a descent of sufficient duration for meaningful learning
transfer, the GWO recommends that the anchor point is a minimum of 6.75m above the ground or structure directly
below the anchor point. The recommended 6.75m clearance under the anchor point is explained in detail in Annex 3.

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If a training provider deviates from the recommended anchor point height of 6.75m to a lower height, then the
following additional control measures must be in place.
a. The training provider shall document a risk assessment for the lower height, this shall include calculations
based on the harness and fall arrest lanyards which will be used during the evacuation exercises. The
calculation shall:
a.i use the value for maximum shock absorber elongation supplied by the equipment manufacturer,
and,
a.ii demonstrate that the equipment to be used will prevent the participants and instructors from
coming into contact with the ground in the event of a fall, and,
a.iii use formulas stated in national legislation or the equipment manufacturer guidelines or where no
formula exists use the formula in Annex 1. The potential fall factor shall not exceed 0.5 and
participants must experience a descent from a platform that is a minimum of 4.5m above the
ground.
10.5 BSTR Working at Heights Module Timetable

The order in which elements of this BSTR training Module are delivered may vary according to the didactical choices of
the delivering training provider.

1.2 Facilities
1.3 Introduction
1.4 Scope and main learning objectives
1.5 Ongoing assessments (participant performance
assessment form)
1.6 Motivation
1.7 Human factors
TOTAL 15 min.
2. Knowledge Review 2.1 Knowledge of inspection of PPE, rescue, and
evacuation device
2.2 Knowledge of PPE
2.3 Knowledge of fall arrest systems and work
positioning
2.4 Knowledge of rescue and evacuation devices
TOTAL 30 min.

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3. PPE Review exercises 3.1 Pre-use inspection

3.2 Proper use
TOTAL 30 min.
4. Theory 4.1 Use of SRL for exercises
4.2 Safe and competent work and rescue at heights
4.3 Correct fitting of a harness
4.4 Attachment points
4.5 Anchor points
4.6 Loads and angles
4.7 Falls
4.8 Double versus twin fall arrest lanyards
4.9 Rescue kit
TOTAL 50 min.
5. Measures to prevent injury 5.1 Control measures and warm up
during training
TOTAL 20 min.
6. Individual practical review 6.1 How to attach a guided type fall arrester
exercises
6.2 Fall restraint and fall arrest lanyards
6.3 Work positioning lanyards
6.4 Certified and suitable anchor points
6.5 Safe and correct use of a self-retractable lifeline
(SRL) for exercises
6.6 Safe practices when working at heights
TOTAL 60 min.
7. Practical exercises – group 7.1 Safe and correct use of fall protection equipment
7.2 Accessing certified and suitable anchor points
7.3 User inspections of the rescue and evacuation
equipment
7.4 Safe and correct use of rescue and evacuation
equipment from ladder
7.5 Safe and correct rescue and evacuation methods
from an evacuation hatch
7.6 Safe practises while working at heights
TOTAL 200 min.
8. Training review 8.1 Training feedback

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TOTAL 15 min.
Table 10.5.1 – GWO BSTR Working at heights module timetable
10.6 Detailed Description of the BSTR Working at Heights Module
15 min.
After having successfully completed Lesson 1 of BSTR Working at Heights Module, the participants can:
Learning objective:
4) The participants show interest or curiosity in the safety and emergency procedures at the training facility
Explain and ask involving questions aimed at:

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ELEMENT 1.2 - FACILITIES
Learning objective:
5) The participants can recognise the location of facilities at the training location (Knowledge, basic level)
toilets, etc.)
Alternatively, lead a tour and point out facilities
Learning objective:
6) The participants show interest in fellow participants and the course content and design (Ability, basic
level)
Explain and ask involving questions aiming at the programme of the BSTR Working at Heights Module, including
breaks and mealtimes
Give a short introduction to themselves, including their backgrounds as instructors
Give a short introduction to themselves including job function and expected primary geographic work location
and share expectations of the training

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Learning objective:
7) The participants can recognise the scope and main objectives of the BSTR Working at Heights Module
Present the scope and main learning objectives of the BSTR Working at Heights Module
Involve participants with questions on understanding and individual experiences on BSTR Working at Heights
Module
Engage in answering questions and share experiences on BSTR Working at Heights Module
ELEMENT 1.5 - ONGOING ASSESSMENTS (PARTICIPANT PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT FORM)
Learning objective:
8) The participants can recognise the assessment procedure and the aim of the ongoing assessment
Engage in discussions and ask questions when in doubt in relation to the assessment procedure

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Learning objective:
9) The participants show interest and willingness to engage in the learning activities (Ability, basic level)
b. the definition of and the need for BSTR Working at Heights Module understandings and abilities
support growth of the necessary attitude and motivation in the participant
Engage themselves in discussions and share experiences on BSTR Working at Heights Module
apply learning points from the instructor’s feedback, they develop a positive attitude and responsibility
towards the subject and the performance in the work situation
ELEMENT 1.7 - HUMAN FACTORS
The aim of the element is to draw the participants’ attention to how human performance and taking responsibility
influences a safe work environment, and to prepare for the continued focus on human factors during practical training
and exercises.
10) The participants can describe the relevant human factors, and their implications (Knowledge, basic level)
11) The participants show interest and willingness to focus on human factors during the following practical
exercises (Ability, basic level)

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Present how human factors influence accidents in the wind industry. Relevant statistics may be used
Lead a discussion about the role of the individual in improving human performance and how this can improve
the safety of offshore operations
Ensure that constructive feedback on the participant’s performance involve human factors criteria when these
are defined in the learning objective such as the ability to take responsibility or to act independently
Facts and Human Factors Criteria:
The consequences of human factors in accidents in wind turbine environments are influenced by the following terms
and conditions:
a. attention and perception
b. group behaviour and peer pressure
c. weather conditions
d. weather delays
e. noise levels
f. site layout and housekeeping
g. fitness and health
h. domestic and work-related stress
i. workload (both overload and underload)
j. fatigue
k. time pressure and deadlines
l. alcohol, medication, and substance abuse
Engage in discussions and share experiences on how human factors influence accidents related to BSTR
Working at Heights Module. In addition, engage in and reflect on received feedback and take responsibility on
their own performance and development during the training

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KNOWLEDGE REVIEW
30 min.
The aim of this lesson is to reduce the risk of short-term and long-term injury when working at heights in a wind turbine
by reviewing the participants’ previously acquired knowledge of working at heights and by providing focus areas for the
instructor during this refresher module.
12) Explain hazards and risks associated with working at heights in a WTG (Knowledge, intermediate level)
13) Show interest in the correct identification of PPE, including identification of European/ Global Standard markings
on harness, hard hats, and other PPE (Ability, basic level)
ELEMENT 2.1 - KNOWLEDGE OF INSPECTION OF PPE, RESCUE AND EVACUATION DEVICE
Learning objective:
14) The participants can perform correct pre-use inspection and inspection of PPE, rescue, and evacuation
devices (Skills, intermediate level)
Demonstrate the ability to perform a pre-use inspection of PPE used for working at height
Explain the requirements for certification of PPE used for working at height
Provide constructive feedback on the participants’ performance
ELEMENT 2.2 - KNOWLEDGE OF PPE
Learning objective:
15) The participants can explain when PPE is required for working at heights and their legal responsibilities
towards inspection of PPE for working at heights (Knowledge, intermediate level)

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Explain when to use PPE for working at heights
Explain the legislative requirements for PPE used for working at heights
Describe their own legal responsibilities towards PPE used for working at heights
Provide feedback or clarifications to the participants’ explanations
ELEMENT 2.3 - KNOWLEDGE OF FALL ARREST SYSTEMS AND WORK POSITIONING
Learning objective:
16) The participants can explain when fall arrest systems and work positioning devices are required and their
legal responsibilities towards those (Knowledge, intermediate level)
Explain when to use fall arrest systems
Explain the legislative requirements, inspection
Explain the compliance of rail/ wire systems
Discuss how to achieve a good work position during practical exercises
ELEMENT 2.4 - KNOWLEDGE OF RESCUE AND EVACUATION DEVICES
Learning objective:
17) The participants can explain when various rescue and evacuation equipment is required and the legal
inspection requirements of those (Knowledge, intermediate level)

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Explain when to use rescue and evacuation devices
Describe the legislative requirements for rescue and evacuation devices
Explain the requirements for inspection/ certification (vacuum packed/ not vacuum packed)
PPE REVIEW EXERCISES
30 min.
The aim of this lesson is to refresh the participants’ knowledge, skills and competencies in basic height rescue PPE and
personal fall protection use, identification, inspection, and certification.
18) Take responsibility for the correct pre-use inspection, service, storage, and fitting of harnesses, fall arrest
lanyards, work positioning lanyards and other PPE (Ability, intermediate level)
ELEMENT 3.1 - PRE-USE INSPECTION
Learning objective:
19) The participants can correctly perform a pre-use inspection of PPE used for working at height by a generic
approach (Skills, intermediate level)
Explain and practise the pre-use inspection of harnesses, fall arrest systems, fall restraint systems, and self-
retractable lines with a focus on a generic approach to pre-use inspection of the equipment

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Provide constructive feedback on the participants’ performance during the practice
ELEMENT 3.2 - PROPER USE
Learning objective:
20) The participants can perform the correct use, management, and control of PPE used for working at height
from a generic approach (Skills, intermediate level)
Explain and demonstrate with a focus on a generic approach to using the equipment: proper use; management
and control of harnesses; fall arrest systems; fall restraint systems and self-retractable lines
Facilitate a learning activity such as a discussion about the correct use, management, and control of PPE used
for working at height from a generic approach
Engage in the activity and share understandings about the correct use, management, and control of PPE used
for working at height from a generic approach
Note For a detailed description of the elements of the pre-use inspection for each of the items of equipment in
this lesson refer to the GWO BST Working at Heights Module, Lessons 3 to 6
THEORY
50 min.
and during the practical elements of this course by refreshing the participants knowledge of working at heights and
manual handling theory.
Note The training provider shall, where reasonably practicable and safe to do so, deliver the theoretical training
in conjunction with practical elements of this module
21) Show interest in safe and competent work and rescue at heights (Ability, basic level)

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ELEMENT 4.1 - USE OF SRL FOR EXERCISES
Learning objective:
22) The participants can explain the use of additional fall protection systems for exercises (Knowledge,
intermediate level)
Explain and demonstrate how to perform a generic pre-use inspection of an SRL
Explain and demonstrate the how to use an SRL as an additional fall protection during practical exercises
Ask relevant questions when in doubt
ELEMENT 4.2 - SAFE AND COMPETENT WORK AND RESCUE AT HEIGHTS
Learning objective:
23) The participants can explain safe and competent work and rescue at heights (Knowledge, intermediate
level)
Explain and demonstrate how to keep oneself and others safe during work and rescue situations
ELEMENT 4.3 - CORRECT FITTING OF A HARNESS
Learning objective:
24) The participants can explain the correct fitting of a harness (Knowledge, intermediate level)

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Explain and demonstrate how to adjust a full body harness so that it fits correctly
ELEMENT 4.4 - ATTACHMENT POINTS
Learning objective:
25) The participants can explain the use of attachment points (Knowledge, intermediate level)
Explain and demonstrate how to correctly use attachment points
Explain the difference between an anchor point and attachment point (approved/ non- approved)
Engage in the discussion and ask relevant questions when in doubt
ELEMENT 4.5 - ANCHOR POINTS
Learning objective:
26) The participants can explain the use of anchor points (Knowledge, intermediate level)
Explain and demonstrate how to recognise anchor points
Explain the requirements for anchor points

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ELEMENT 4.6 - LOADS AND ANGLES
Learning objective:
27) The participants can explain how loads and angles can influence the strength of e.g. a sling (Knowledge,
intermediate level)
Explain the difference between a static and dynamic load
Explain how angles can influence the strength of e.g. a sling
Share experiences and ask relevant questions when in doubt
ELEMENT 4.7 - FALLS
28) The participants can discuss common fall indicators on equipment (Knowledge, intermediate level)
29) The participants can explain the risks of suspension trauma (Knowledge, intermediate level)
Show examples of and explain fall indicators on equipment
Explain how different situations can influence the approach to the rescue, injuries / no injuries
Explain the risk of suspension trauma

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Share experiences and examples of common fall indicators on equipment
ELEMENT 4.8 - DOUBLE VERSUS TWIN ARREST LANYARD
Learning objective:
30) The participants can explain how to use a double and twin fall arrest lanyard (Knowledge, intermediate
level)
Show examples of and explain the difference between a double and twin fall arrest lanyard
Explain and demonstrate how to use double fall arrest lanyard
Explain and demonstrate how to use twin fall arrest lanyard
Demonstrate the correct way of using twin and single fall arrest lanyards. This to include double hook climbing
on ladder and the required and recommended distance between twin fall arrest lanyard anchor point
attachment points on climbing ladders
Share experiences and understanding on how to use a double and twin fall arrest lanyard
ELEMENT 4.9 - RESCUE KIT
Learning objective:
31) The participants can explain how to perform a pre-use inspection of rescue and evacuation kits
Show examples of, and explain the content of, rescue and evacuation kits
Demonstrate how to perform a pre-use inspection of rescue and evacuation kits

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MEASURES TO PREVENT INJURY DURING TRAINING
20 min.
The aim of this lesson is to reduce the risk of injury during training by ensuring that the participants are briefed in the
control measures employed in the training area and to warm up prior to performing rescue exercises.
32) Take responsibility for control measures employed in the practical training area and for warming up prior to
performing rescue exercises (Ability, intermediate level)
ELEMENT 5.1 - CONTROL MEASURES AND WARM UP
Learning objective:
33) The participants can explain the control measures employed in the practical training area and how to
warm up prior to performing rescue exercises (Knowledge, intermediate level)
Explain further control measures for the specific training facilities and training to avoid injury during the
training
Verify that the participants can explain the principles of operation of the PPE and equipment to be used during
practical training sessions
Ensure that any hazardous energy sources which may affect the participants during the practical training
sessions are isolated and locked out and that the status of the isolations has been communicated to the
participants
Lead a warm-up session of the major muscle groups of the body including ankles, wrists and back. See
suggested exercises in Annex 2
It is the instructor’s responsibility to physically verify that each participant who is working at height (including
both casualty and rescuer) is always attached to additional fall protection. GWO recommends that a SRL is used
as additional fall protection.

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Take part in the warm-up session of the major muscle groups and ankles, wrists and back
Perform a pre-use inspection of their personal fall protection equipment
Perform a ‘buddy check’ of another participant’s personal fall protection equipment
INDIVIDUAL PRACTICAL REVIEW EXERCISES
60 min.
The aim of this lesson is to reduce the risk of injury through incorrect basic rescue techniques. By assessing and
refreshing the participants’ knowledge, skills, and competencies in basic rescue from height, the importance of being
able to carry out a rescue at any time during training, as well as when working in wind turbines on a daily basis is
reinforced and emphasised.
34) Act independently in correctly using the relevant PPE, e.g. harnesses, fall arrest lanyards, guided type fall
arresters and work positioning lanyards (including identification of anchor points and correct ladder conduct).
(Ability, intermediate level)
ELEMENT 6.1 - HOW TO ATTACH A GUIDED TYPE FALL ARRESTER
Learning objective:
35) The participants can safely and correctly perform the attachment of a fall restraint and fall arrest lanyard
to a vertical ladder system (Skills, intermediate level)
Practise how to choose the correct slider / glider for a guided type vertical fall arrest system
Practise how to attach the slider / glider safely and correctly to the rail or wire
Practise how to attach the slider / glider safely and correctly to the harness

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ELEMENT 6.2 - FALL RESTRAINT AND FALL ARREST LANYARDS
Learning objective:
36) The participants can safely and correctly perform the attachment of a guided type fall arrester to the fall
arrest system (Skills, intermediate level)
Practise how to attach the fall restraint and fall arrest lanyard to a vertical ladder system safely and correctly
Practise how to attach fall restraint and fall arrest lanyards to the harness safely and correctly
Practise how to correctly use twin and single fall arrest lanyards while double hook climbing maintaining the
correct distance between the anchor points
ELEMENT 6.3 - WORK POSITIONING LANYARDS
Learning objective:
37) The participants can perform the use a work positioning lanyard in order to leave hands free for work
Practise how to use a work positioning lanyard safely and correctly
Practise how to work safely with free hands, being secured by a work positioning lanyard

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ELEMENT 6.4 - CERTIFIED AND SUITABLE ANCHOR POINTS
Learning objective:
38) The participants can explain the requirement for certified and suitable anchor points (Knowledge,
intermediate level)
Practise and discuss how to recognise and use certified anchor points
Provide constructive feedback on the participants’ discussions and practice
ELEMENT 6.5 - SAFE AND CORRECT USE OF A SELF RETRACTABLE LIFELINE (SRL) FOR EXERCISES
39) Safely and correctly perform the use of self-retracting lifelines as fall protection system in a wind turbine
Provide constructive feedback on the participants’ practise
Practise using self-retracting lifelines, this is to include:
a. different types of SRL systems that exist and how they are used, what length they come in, and difference
between wire-straps
b. different maximum angles that are allowed
c. how to apply an SRL correctly to the harness, either to the attachment point (dorsal A -point) on the back
or to the attachment point (A - point) in the front
d. different places an SRL can be secured

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e. importance of using an SRL
f. how to conduct a pre-use inspection and see if an SRL is approved, possesses documentation and
authorisation date
ELEMENT 6.6 - SAFE PRACTICES WHILE WORKING AT HEIGHTS
Learning objective:
40) The participants can take responsibility for safe practices while working at heights (Ability, intermediate
level)
Discuss safe conduct and practise how to assure it while working at height by always being secured with fall
protection PPE during practical exercises
Discuss and practise how to reduce the risk of dropped objects while working at height by ensuring that
equipment is always attached either to the participants harness or a suitable anchor point
PRACTICAL EXERCISES – GROUP
200 min.
The aim of the lesson is to enable the participants to use the appropriate methods to control and reduce the risk of
injuries when working and rescuing from heights by refreshing the participants’ previous knowledge and skills.
41) Perform correct use of evacuation devices (Skills, intermediate level)
42) Act independently in approaching rescue situations in WTGs and in using rescue equipment efficiently (Ability,
intermediate level)
ELEMENT 7.1 - SAFE AND CORRECT USE OF THE PERSONAL FALL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
Learning objective:

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43) The participants can perform the safe and correct use of PPE for working at height (Skills, intermediate
level)
Practise the ability to safely and correctly use personal fall protection equipment, including an SRL in a wind
turbine like environment
ELEMENT 7.2 - ACCESSING CERTIFIED AND SUITABLE ANCHOR POINTS
Learning objective:
44) The participants can distinguish certified and suitable anchor points from anchor points that are not
certified and not suitable (Skills, intermediate level)
Practise how to recognise and (safely and correctly) use both certified and suitable anchor points
Provide feedback or clarifications to the participants’ practice
ELEMENT 7.3 - USER INSPECTIONS OF THE RESCUE AND EVACUATION EQUIPMENT
Learning objective:
45) The participants can perform a pre-use inspection of the rescue and evacuation equipment applying generic
principles (Skills, intermediate level)

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Practise how to perform a pre-use inspection of rescue and evacuation devices applying generic principles
ELEMENT 7.4 - SAFE AND CORRECT USE OF RESCUE AND EVACUATION EQUIPMENT FROM LADDER
Learning objective:
46) The participants can act independently in safely and correctly using rescue / evacuation equipment to
perform a rescue from a vertical ladder (Ability, intermediate level)
Practise how to perform a basic rescue and evacuation safely and correctly from a vertical ladder
ELEMENT 7.5 - SAFE AND CORRECT RESCUE AND EVACUATION METHODS FROM AN EVACUATION HATCH
Learning objective:
47) The participants can perform safe and correct rescue and evacuation methods (Skills, intermediate level)
Practise the ability to perform a basic rescue and evacuation safely and correctly from an evacuation hatch
Practise the ability to perform a passive mode setup, self-rescue from an evacuation hatch
Practise the ability to perform an active mode setup, double evacuation from an evacuation hatch: applying a
deflection/friction connector on the rescue device; and using a fall restraint lanyard (kept as short as possible)
as a connecting element between the rescue / evacuation device and the harness

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Learning objective:
48) The participants can take responsibility for safe practices while working at heights (Ability, advanced
intermediate level)
Practise safe conduct and ability while working at heights
Practise the ability to use techniques like attaching equipment to their harness to reduce the risk of dropped
objects
Notes 1) An Instructor shall be positioned at the height chosen to descend from
2) Instructor(s) and participants shall be secured to an anchor point while waiting to descend. This can be
achieved by correct use of the fall arrest lanyard
3) When participants are demonstrating the evacuation, a safety line that is connected to the participant’s
harness shall be used. This will be set up and controlled by the instructor and be secured to a different
anchor point than the evacuation device
4) Although not a requirement of the standard, participants may repeat the evacuation exercises should
sufficient time be available
TRAINING REVIEW
15 min.
The aim of this lesson is to enable the participants to reflect on and process their learning outcome and key takeaways
from the module, aiming to achieve a high learning transfer from the module to their way of working.

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learning outcomes and the achievement of their previously stated expectations for the module
Reflect on their learning outcome and key takeaways from BSTR Working at Heights Module, aiming to achieve
a high learning transfer from the module to their way of working by means of, for example;
a. group discussions or walk and talk
b. questions and answers in class or where suitable
Note The instructor may additionally conduct a local evaluation of the training.
Give an overall feedback and feed forward on the participants' learning outcome inspired by the training as
well as from the training review session
transfer) In addition, at a later point, discuss with colleagues how the BSTR Working at Heights Module
content, methods and techniques are similar or different to the local specific conditions identified after the
module completion
10.7 Participant performance assessment

Assessment of learning outcomes:
a. Participants will be assessed according to the learning outcomes by means of direct observation and
supplementary oral questions, where appropriate
b. The assessment shall be conducted by practical scenarios based on the WTG environment
The participants shall participate and demonstrate:
Correct use of the evacuation/rescue device, including:
a. user inspection and test
b. use of correct anchor points
c. correct behaviour on ladder with PPE

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d. correct self-evacuation using an evacuation / rescue device
Correct rescue methods, including:
a. rescue of a conscious casualty hanging by a guided type vertical fall arrester, secured by their work
positioning lanyard (inside of the ladder) with the rescue equipment in a passive setup, preferably
utilising a rope clamp for rescue
b. rescue of an unconscious casualty hanging by a fall arrest lanyard (inside of the ladder) with the rescue
equipment in an active setup
c. rescue of a conscious casualty secured by their work positioning lanyard (from the outside of the ladder,
with hip diversion, i.e. rescue line is diverted using the side D-ring located at the hip of the rescuer’s
harness. This creates greater space between the casualty and the ladder)
The formal evaluation of knowledge of above scenarios shall be in accordance with the participant performance
assessment form (template provided in the GWO Requirements for Training)
Training providers shall have a documented procedure in place for dealing with participants not meeting the stated
learning outcomes. If a participant fails to meet the demands, they shall attend a new BST Working at Heights Module

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Working at Heights with

Manual Handling
(MHR & WAHR)

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11. MODULE 5 – BSTR WORKING AT HEIGHTS WITH MANUAL HANDLING

MODULE
11.1 Aims and Objectives of the BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling Module
The aim of this module is to review and build on previously gained abilities through theoretical and practical training so
that participants can use basic personal protective equipment and perform safe work at heights and safe and
comprehensive basic rescue from heights in the wind turbine industry/environment. Its further aims are to encourage
positive manual handling and ergonomic behaviour, encourage participants to consider alternatives to manual handling
through planning and to train participants ability to perform manual handling tasks in a safe manner.
After having successfully completed this BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling Module, the participants can
act independently and safely when using basic personal protective equipment, working at heights, and performing
comprehensive basic rescue from heights in a remote wind turbine environment. In addition, they will be able to take
responsibility for safe practices of manual handling. (Ability, intermediate level)
Note The BSTR Module Working at Heights with Manual Handling is not intended to test a participant’s fear of
heights
11.2 Duration of the BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling Module
The total contact time for completing the BSTR Working at Heights and Manual Handling Module is to be 8 hours 0
minutes.
The training provider must not exceed the times per day given in the table 11.2.1 below.
these.
applicable).
11.3 BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling Instructor to Participant Ratio

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Other ratios indicate the maximum number of participants to be supervised by an instructor during each activity.

BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Theory 1:12
Handling Practical 1:6
Session (On site) Instructor to Participant Ratio
Theory 1:12
Practical 1:4
Table 11.3.1 – Instructor to participant ratio for Working at Heights with Manual Handling Module
11.4 Equipment for BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling Module
listed in table Annex 1-4 where applicable.
The generic approach is achieved by teaching a variety of safety equipment products within each safety equipment
category (e.g., guided type fall arresters). This enables the participants to conduct pre-use inspection and to use other
safety equipment products compared to those taught during this module (based on the manufacturer’s user manual).
Additional fall protection must always be used during training activities at height.
The training provider shall introduce control measures that lower the risks and hazards associated with a fall from
height to an acceptable level, following the Hierarchy of Controls in their risk assessment.
GWO recommends a maximum fall factor of 0.5. To calculate this the following formula has been used, based on a
maximum allowed lanyard length of 2.00m and a fall of 1.00m
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 (𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹) =
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿ℎ 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
1.00 𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 (𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹) =
2.00 𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 (𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹) = 0.5
During the evacuation exercises in this module the anchor points used for the attachment of fall arrest lanyards with
energy absorbers must be high enough above the ground, or structure below them, that in the event that a person
experiences a fall the shock absorber in their fall arrest lanyard can fully deploy and prevent the participant from
contacting the ground (or structure directly below the anchor point).
During the evacuation exercise the participants must be able to experience a minimum amount of descent using an
evacuation or rescue device to ensure that they gain the experience of the speed of descent using these devices. This
can be achieved by having the participant descend from a minimum height using a rescue or evacuation device.

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To ensure that for all fall protection equipment that may be used that there will be enough clearance below the anchor
point, and to ensure that the participants can experience a descent of sufficient duration for meaningful learning
transfer, the GWO recommends that the anchor point is a minimum of 6.75m above the ground or structure directly
below the anchor point. The recommended 6.75m clearance under the anchor point is explained in detail in annex 1.
If a training provider deviates from the recommended anchor point height of 6.75m to a lower height, then the
following additional control measures must be in place,
a. The training provider shall document a risk assessment for the lower height, this shall include calculations
based on the harness and fall arrest lanyards which will be used during the evacuation exercises the
calculation shall:
a.i use the value for maximum shock absorber elongation supplied by the equipment manufacturer,
and,
a.ii demonstrate that the equipment to be used will prevent the participants and instructors from
coming into contact with the ground in the event of a fall, and,
a.iii use formulas stated in national legislation or the equipment manufacturer guidelines or where no
formula exists use the formula in Annex 1. The potential fall factor shall not exceed 0.5 and
participants must experience a descent from a platform that is a minimum of 4.5m above the
ground.
11.5 BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling Module timetable

The order in which elements of this BSTR Module training are delivered may vary according to the didactical choices of
the delivering training provider.

1.2 Facilities
1.3 Introduction
1.4 Scope and main objectives
1.5 On-going assessments (participant assessment
form)
1.6 Motivation
1.7 Human factors
TOTAL 15 min.
2. Knowledge Review 2.1 Knowledge of inspection of PPE, rescue, and
evacuation device
2.2 Knowledge of PPE

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2.3 Knowledge of fall arrest systems and work

positioning
2.4 Knowledge of rescue and evacuation devices
2.5 Knowledge of manual handling
TOTAL 30 min.
3. PPE Review exercises 3.1 Pre-use inspection
3.2 Proper use
TOTAL 30 min.
4. Theory 4.1 Use of SRL for exercises
4.2 Safe and competent work and rescue at heights
4.3 Correct fitting of a harness
4.4 Attachment points
4.5 Anchor points
4.6 Loads and angles
4.7 Falls
4.8 Double versus twin fall arrest lanyards
4.9 Rescue kit
4.10 Manual handling
TOTAL 50 min.
5. Measures to prevent injury 5.1 Control measures and warm up
during training
TOTAL 20 min.
6. Individual practical review 6.1 Safely and correctly move objects utilising correct
exercises manual handling techniques to attach a guided
type fall arrester
6.2 Fall restraint and fall arrest lanyards
6.3 Work positioning lanyards
6.4 Certified and suitable anchor points
6.5 Safe and correct use of an SLR for exercises
6.6 Safe practices while working at heights
TOTAL 110 min.
7. Practical exercises – group 7.1 Safe and correct use of personal fall protection
equipment
7.2 Accessing certified and suitable anchor points
7.3 Pre-use inspections of the rescue and evacuation
equipment

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7.4 Safe and correct use of rescue and evacuation

equipment from ladder
7.5 Safe and correct rescue and evacuation methods
from an evacuation hatch
7.6 Safe practises while working at heights with proper
manual handling
TOTAL 210 min.
8. Training review 8.1 Training feedback
TOTAL 15 min.
Table 11.5.1 – Working at Heights & Manual handling timetable
11.6 Detailed Description of the BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling Module
15 min.
After having successfully completed lesson 1 of BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling Module, the
participants can:
Learning objective:
4) The participants show interest or curiosity in the safety and emergency procedures at the training facility

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Explain and ask involving questions aiming at:
ELEMENT 1.2 - FACILITES
Learning objective:
5) The participants can recognise the location of facilities at the training location (Knowledge, basic level)
toilets, etc.)
Alternatively, lead a tour and point out facilities
Learning objective:
6) The participants show interest in fellow participants and the course content and design (Ability, basic
level)

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Explain and ask involving questions aiming at the programme of the BSTR Working at Heights with Manual
Handling Module, including breaks and mealtimes
Give a short introduction of themselves, including their backgrounds as instructors
Give a short introduction of themselves, including job function and expected primary geographic work location
and share expectations on the training
Learning objective:
7) The participants can recognise the scope and main objectives of the BSTR Working at Heights with Manual
Handling Module (Knowledge, basic level)
Present the scope and main learning objectives of the BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling Training
Module
Involve participants with questions on understanding and individual experiences on BSTR Working at Heights
with Manual Handling Module
Engage in answering questions and share experiences on BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling
Module
ELEMENT 1.5 - ON-GOING ASSESSMENTS (PARTICIPANT PERFORMANCE ASSSESSMENT FORM)
Learning objective:
8) The participants can recognise the assessment procedure and the aim of the ongoing assessment

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Engage themselves in discussions and ask questions when in doubt in relation to the assessment procedure
Learning objective:
9) The participants show interest and willingness to engage in the learning activities (Ability, basic level)
b. the definition of and the need for BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling understandings and
abilities:
support growth of the necessary attitude and motivation in the participant
Engage themselves in discussions and share experiences on BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling
Module
apply learning points from the instructor’s feedback, they develop a positive attitude and responsibility
towards the subject and the performance in the work situation

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ELEMENT 1.7 - HUMAN FACTORS
The aim of the element is to draw the participant’s attention on how human performance and taking responsibility
influences a safe work environment, and to prepare for the continued focus on human factors during practical training
and exercises.
10) The participants can describe the relevant human factors, and their implications (Knowledge, basic level)
11) The participants show interest and willingness to focus on human factors during the following practical
exercises (Ability, basic level)
Present how human factors influence accidents in the wind industry. Relevant statistics may be used)
Lead a discussion about the role of the individual in improving human performance and how this can improve
the safety of offshore operations
Ensure that constructive feedback on the participant’s performance involve human factors criteria when these
are defined in the learning objective such as the ability to take responsibility or to act independently
Facts and Human Factors Criteria:
The consequences of human factors in accidents in wind turbine environments are influenced by the following terms
and conditions:
a. attention and perception
b. group behaviour and peer pressure
c. weather conditions
d. weather delays
e. noise levels
f. site layout and housekeeping
g. fitness and health
h. domestic and work-related stress
i. workload (both overload and underload)

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j. fatigue
k. time pressure and deadlines
l. alcohol, medication, and substance abuse
Engage in discussions and share experiences on how human factors influence on accidents related to BSTR
Working at Heights with Manual Handling Module. In addition, engage in and reflect on received feedback and
take responsibility on their own performance and development during the training
KNOWLEDGE REVIEW
30 min.
The aim of this lesson is to reduce the risk of short-term and long-term injury when working at height in a wind turbine
by reviewing the participants’ previously acquired knowledge of working at heights and manual handling and by
providing focus areas for the instructor during this refresher module.
After successfully having completed this lesson, the participants can:
12) Explain hazards and risks associated with working at heights in a WTG (Knowledge, intermediate level)
13) Show interest in the correct identification of PPE, including identification of European/ global standard markings
on harness, hard hats, lanyards, and other PPE (Ability, basic level)
ELEMENT 2.1 - KNOWLEDGE OF INSPECTION OF PPE, RESCUE AND EVACUATION DEVICE
Learning objective:
14) The participants can perform correct pre-use inspection and inspection of PPE, rescue, and evacuation
devices (Skills, intermediate level)
Demonstrate the ability to perform a pre-use inspection of PPE used for working at height
Explain the requirements for certification of PPE used for working at height

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ELEMENT 2.2 - KNOWLEDGE OF PPE
Learning objective:
15) The participants can explain when PPE is required for working at heights and their legal responsibilities
towards inspection of PPE for working at heights (Knowledge, intermediate level)
Explain when to use PPE for working at height
Explain the legislative requirements for PPE used for working at height
Describe their own legal responsibilities towards PPE used for working at height
ELEMENT 2.3 - KNOWLEDGE OF FALL ARREST SYSTEMS AND WORK POSITIONING
Learning objective:
16) The participants can explain when fall arrest systems and work positioning devices are required and their
legal responsibilities towards those (Knowledge, intermediate level)
Explain when to use fall arrest systems
Explain the legislative requirements, inspection
Explain the compliance of rail/ wire systems
Demonstrate how to achieve a good work position during practical exercises

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ELEMENT 2.4 - KNOWLEDGE OF RESCUE AND EVACUATION DEVICES
Learning objective:
17) The participants can explain when various rescue and evacuation equipment is required and the legal
inspection requirements of those (Knowledge, intermediate level)
Explain when to use rescue and evacuation devices
Describe the legislative requirements for rescue and evacuation devices
Explain the requirements for inspection/ certification (vacuum packed/ not vacuum packed)
ELEMENT 2.5 - KNOWLEDGE OF MANUAL HANDLING
Learning objective:
18) The participants can describe the legal requirements and the risks posed by manual handling in a wind
turbine (Knowledge, basic level)
Describe applicable local and global legislation and legislative requirements for manual handling
Explain the consequences of incorrect manual handling
Engage in discussions about:
a. the risks and hazards posed by manual handling in the wind industry

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b. how to avoid the risks of manual handling in a wind turbine focusing on avoiding manual handling, using
suitable handling aids, and planning of manual handling tasks using the TILE principle
Lead a discussion about the risks and hazards posed by manual handling in the wind industry
Lead a discussion about how to avoid the risks of manual handling in a wind turbine focusing on avoiding
manual handling, using suitable handling aids, and planning of manual handling tasks using the TILE principle
PPE REVIEW EXERCISES
30 min.
The aim of this lesson is to refresh the participants’ knowledge, skills and competencies in basic height rescue PPE and
personal fall protection use, identification, inspection, and certification.
19) Take responsibility for the correct pre-use inspection, service, storage, and fitting of harnesses, fall arrest
lanyards, work positioning lanyards and other PPE (Ability, intermediate level)
ELEMENT 3.1 - PRE-USE INSPECTION
Learning objective:
20) The participants can correctly perform a pre-use inspection of PPE used for working at height by a generic
approach (Skills, intermediate level)
Explain and demonstrate pre-use inspection of harnesses, fall arrest systems, fall restraint systems, and self-
Facilitate practice for the participants in the pre-use inspection of harnesses, fall arrest systems, fall restraint
systems, and self-retractable lines with a focus on a generic approach to pre-use inspection of the equipment

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Engage in the practice of pre-use inspection of harnesses, fall arrest systems, fall restraint systems, and self-
ELEMENT 3.2 - PROPER USE
Learning objective:
21) The participants can perform the correct use, management, and control of PPE used for working at height
from a generic approach (Skills, intermediate level)
Explain and demonstrate proper use, management, and control of harnesses, fall arrest systems, fall restraint
systems, and self-retractable lines with a focus on a generic approach to using the equipment
Facilitate a learning activity such as a discussion about the proper use, management, and control of harnesses,
fall arrest systems, fall restraint systems, and self-retractable lines with a focus on a generic approach to using
the equipment
Engage in activity and ask questions when in doubt
Note For a detailed description of the elements of the pre-use inspection for each of the items of equipment in
this lesson refer to GWO’s BST Standard, WaH Module, Lessons 3 to 6
THEORY
50 min.
environment and during the practical elements of this course by refreshing the participants knowledge of working at
height and manual handling theory.
Note The training provider shall, where reasonably practicable and safe to do so, deliver the theoretical training
in conjunction with practical elements of this module

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22) Show interest in safe and competent work and rescue at heights (Ability, basic level)
ELEMENT 4.1 - USE OF AN SRL FOR EXERCISES
Learning objective:
23) The participants can explain the use of additional fall protection systems for exercises (Knowledge,
intermediate level)
Explain and demonstrate how to perform a generic pre-use inspection of an SRL
Explain and demonstrate the how to use an SRL as an additional fall protection during practical exercises
ELEMENT 4.2 - SAFE AND COMPETENT WORK AND RESCUE AT HEIGHT
Learning objective:
24) The participants can explain safe and competent work and rescue at height (Knowledge, intermediate
level)
Explain and demonstrate how to keep oneself and others safe during work and rescue situations

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ELEMENT 4.3 - CORRECT FITTING OF A HARNESS
Learning objective:
25) The participants can explain the correct fitting of a harness (Knowledge, intermediate level)
Explain and demonstrate how to adjust a full body harness so that it fits correctly
ELEMENT 4.4 - ATTACHMENT POINT
Learning objective:
26) The participants can explain the use of attachment points (Knowledge, intermediate level)
Explain and demonstrate how to correctly use attachment points
Explain the difference between an anchor point and attachment point (approved/ non- approved)
Engage in the discussion and ask relevant questions when in doubt
ELEMENT 4.5 - ANCHOR POINTS
Learning objective:
27) The participants can explain the use of anchor points (Knowledge, intermediate level)

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Explain and demonstrate how to recognise anchor points
Explain the requirements for anchor points
ELEMENT 4.6 - LOAD AND ANGLES
Learning objective:
28) The participants can explain how loads and angles can influence the strength of e.g. a sling (Knowledge,
intermediate level)
Explain the difference between a static and dynamic load
Explain how angles can influence the strength of e.g. a sling
ELEMENT 4.7 - FALLS
Learning objective:
29) The participants can discuss common fall indicators on equipment (Knowledge, intermediate level)
30) The participants can explain the risks of suspension trauma (Knowledge, intermediate level)
Show examples of and explain fall indicators on equipment

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Explain how different situations can influence the approach to the rescue, injuries / no injuries
Explain the risk of suspension trauma
Share experiences and examples on common fall indicators on equipment
ELEMENT 4.8 - DOUBLE VERSUS TWIN FALL ARREST LANYARD
Learning objective:
31) The participants can explain how to use a double and twin fall arrest lanyard (Knowledge, intermediate
level)
Show examples of and explain the difference between a double and twin fall arrest lanyard
Explain and demonstrate how to use double fall arrest lanyard
Explain and demonstrate how to use twin fall arrest lanyard
Demonstrate the correct way of using twin and single fall arrest lanyards, including double hook climbing on
ladder and required and recommended distance between twin fall arrest lanyard anchor point attachment
points climbing ladders
Share experiences and understanding on how to use a double and twin fall arrest lanyard
ELEMENT 4.9 - RESCUE KIT
Learning objective:
32) The participants can explain how to perform a pre-use inspection of rescue and evacuation kits

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Show examples of, and explain the content of, rescue and evacuation kits
Demonstrate how to perform a pre-use inspection of rescue and evacuation kits
ELEMENT 4.10 - MANUAL HANDLING
Learning objective:
33) The participants can explain the principles and focal areas to plan and perform manual handling
Lead a discussion about manual handling symptom awareness and typical reporting methods for injuries
Explain spinal anatomy and posture
Explain and demonstrate how to plan manual handling tasks using the TILE principle considering the load
weight, maximum reaching distance and aggravating factors
Explain and demonstrate risk controls and manual handling techniques with a focus on avoiding manual
handling and using suitable handling aids
Inform the participants that they will be observed and evaluated on applying manual handling theory and
practical skills during the remaining part of the module
MEASURES TO PREVENT INJURY DURING TRAINING
20 min.

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The aim of this lesson is to reduce the risk of injury during training by ensuring that the participants are briefed in the
control measures employed in the training area and to warm up prior to performing rescue exercises.
34) Take responsibility for control measures employed in the practical training area and for warming up prior to
performing rescue exercises (Ability, intermediate level)
ELEMENT 5.1 - CONTROL MEASURES AND WARM UP
Learning objective:
35) The participants can explain the control measures employed in the practical training area and how to
warm up prior to performing rescue exercises (Knowledge, intermediate level)
Explain further control measures for the specific training facilities and training to avoid injury during the
training
Verify that the participants can explain the principles of operation of the PPE and equipment to be used during
practical training sessions
Ensure that any hazardous energy sources which may affect the participants during the practical training
sessions are isolated and locked out and that the status of the isolations has been communicated to the
participants
Lead a warm-up session of the major muscle groups of the body including ankles, wrists and back. See
suggested exercises in Annex 2
It is the instructor’s responsibility to physically verify that each participant who is working at height (including
both casualty and rescuer) is always attached to additional fall protection. GWO recommends that a SRL is used
as additional fall protection.
Take part in the warm-up session of the major muscle groups of the body including ankles, wrists and back
Perform a pre-use inspection of their personal fall protection equipment
Perform a ‘buddy check’ of another participant’s personal fall protection equipment

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INDIVIDUAL PRACTICAL REVIEW EXERCISES
110 min.
The aim of this lesson is to reduce the risk of injury through using correct basic rescue techniques. By assessing and
refreshing the participants’ knowledge, skills, and abilities in basic rescue from height, the importance of being able to
carry out a rescue at any time during training, as well as when working in wind turbines on a daily basis is reinforced
and emphasised.
36) Act independently in correctly using the relevant PPE, e.g. harnesses, fall arrest lanyards, guided type fall
arresters and work positioning lanyards (including identification of anchor points and correct ladder conduct)
37) Take responsibility for safely and correctly moving objects utilising correct manual handling techniques and a
problem-solving approach to manual handling in a wind turbine environment (Ability, intermediate level)
ELEMENT 6.1 - SAFELY AND CORRECTLY MOVE OBJECTS UTILISING CORRECT MANUAL TECHNIQUES TO
ATTACH A GUIDED TYPE FALL ARRESTER
Learning objective:
38) The participants can safely and correctly perform the attachment of a guided type fall arrester to the fall
arrest system (Skills, intermediate level)
Practise how to choose the correct slider / glider for a guided type vertical fall arrest system
Practise how to safely and correctly attach the slider / glider to the rail or wire
Practise how to safely and correctly attach the slider / glider to the harness
ELEMENT 6.2 - FALL RESTRAINT AND FALL ARREST LANYARDS
Learning objective:

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39) The participants can safely and correctly perform the attachment of a fall restraint and fall arrest lanyard
to a vertical ladder system (Skills, intermediate level)
Practise how to safely and correctly attach the fall restraint and fall arrest lanyard to a vertical ladder system
Practise how to safely and correctly attach fall restraint and fall arrest lanyards to the harness
Practise how to correctly use twin and single fall arrest lanyards while double hook climbing maintaining the
correct distance between the anchor points
ELEMENT 6.3 - WORK POSITIONING LANYARDS
Learning objective:
40) The participants can perform the use a work positioning lanyard in order to leave hands free for work
Practise how to safely and correctly use a work positioning lanyard
Practise how to work safely with free hands, being secured by a work positioning lanyard
ELEMENT 6.4 - CERTIFIED AND SUITABLE ANCHOR POINTS
Learning objective:
41) The participants can explain the requirement for certified and suitable anchor points (Knowledge,
intermediate level)

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Practice and demonstrate the ability to recognise and use certified anchor points
Practice and demonstrate the ability to recognise and use suitable anchor points
ELEMENT 6.5 - SAFE AND CORRECT USE OF AN SRL FOR EXERCISEES
42) Safely and correctly perform the use of self-retracting lifelines as fall protection system in a wind turbine
Provide constructive feedback on the participants’ practise
Practise using self-retracting lifelines, this is to include:
a. different types of SRL systems that exist and how they are used, what length they come in, and difference
between wire-straps
b. different maximum angles that are allowed
c. how to apply an SRL correctly to the harness, either to the attachment point (dorsal A -point) on the back
or to the attachment point (A - point) in the front
d. different places an SRL can be secured
e. importance of using an SRL
f. how to conduct a pre-use inspection and see if an SRL is approved, possesses documentation and
authorisation date

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43) The participants can take responsibility for safe practices while working at heights (Ability, intermediate
level)
44) The participants can safely and correctly apply correct manual handling techniques when moving objects
(Skill, intermediate level)
45) The participants can discuss aspects of their job tasks that could increase their risk of developing muscular/
skeletal injuries (Knowledge, intermediate level)
46) The participants can explain safe practices of manual handling, including the correct handling of equipment
47) The participants can recognise signs and symptoms of injuries related to poor manual handling techniques
and have knowledge of reporting methods (Knowledge, intermediate level)
Discuss and practise safe conduct and ability while working at height by always being secured with fall
protection PPE during practical exercises
Discuss and practise how to reduce the risk of dropped objects while working at height by ensuring that
equipment is always attached either to the participants harness or a suitable anchor point
Discuss and practise safe and correct manual handing techniques during practical exercises through the
following:
a. planning of manual handling using the TILE. principle considering the load weight, maximum reaching
distance and aggravating factors
b. eliminating the need for manual handling using the rescue device where possible
Practise the ability to apply further control measures where applicable:
a. PPE correct fit (e.g. correct sizes, boot laces tied)
b. breaking up loads
c. protecting pre-existing injuries
d. adequate lighting

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e. good housekeeping
Provide constructive feedback on the participants’ practice
PRACTICAL EXERCISES – GROUP
210 min.
The aim of the lesson is to enable the participants to use the appropriate methods to control and reduce the risk of
injuries when working and rescuing from heights by refreshing the participants’ previous knowledge and skills.
48) Perform correct use of evacuation devices (Skills, intermediate level)
49) Act independently in approaching rescue situations in WTGs and in using rescue equipment efficiently (Ability,
intermediate level)
ELEMENT 7.1 - SAFE AND CORREC USE OF THE PERSONAL FALL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
Learning objective:
50) The participants can perform the safe and correct use of PPE for working at height (Skills, intermediate
level)
Practise the ability to safely and correctly use personal fall protection equipment, including an SRL in a wind
turbine like environment

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ELEMENT 7.2 - ACCESSING CERTIFIED AND SUITABLE ANCHOR POINTS
Learning objective:
51) The participants can perform the ability to access certified and suitable anchor points (Skills, intermediate
level)
Practise the ability to recognise and safely and correctly use both certified and suitable anchor points
ELEMENT 7.3 - PRE-USE INSPECTIONS OF THE RESCUE AND EVACUATION EQUIPMENT
Learning objective:
52) The participants can perform a pre-use inspection of the rescue and evacuation equipment applying
generic principles (Skills, intermediate level)
Practise the ability to perform a pre-use inspection of rescue and evacuation devices applying generic principles
ELEMENT 7.4 - SAFE AND CORRECT USE OF RESCUE AND EVACUATION EQUIPMENT FROM LADDER
Learning objective:
53) The participants can act independently in safely and correctly using rescue / evacuation equipment to
perform a rescue from a vertical ladder (Ability, intermediate level)

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Practise the ability to safely and correctly perform a basic rescue and evacuation from a vertical ladder
ELEMENT 7.5 - SAFE AND CORRECT RESCUE AND EVACUATION METHODS FROM AN EVACUATION HATCH
Learning objective:
54) The participants can perform safe and correct rescue and evacuation methods (Skills, intermediate level)
Practise the ability to safely and correctly perform a basic rescue and evacuation from an evacuation hatch
Practise the ability to perform a passive mode setup self-rescue from an evacuation hatch
Practise the ability to perform an active mode setup, double evacuation from an evacuation hatch: applying a
deflection/friction connector on the rescue device; and using a fall restraint lanyard (kept as short as possible)
as a connecting element between the rescue / evacuation device and the harness
ELEMENT 7.6 - SAFE PRACTICES WHILE WORKING AT HEIGHTS WITH PROPER MANUAL HANDLING
Learning objective:
55) The participants can take responsibility for safe practices while working at heights with manual handling
(Ability, advanced intermediate level)

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Practise safe conduct and ability while working at heights with manual handling
Practise the ability to use techniques like attaching equipment to their harness to reduce the risk of dropped
objects
Notes 1) An Instructor shall be positioned at the height chosen to descend from
2) Instructor(s) and participants shall be secured to an anchor point while waiting to descend. This can be
achieved by correct use of the fall arrest lanyard
3) When participants are demonstrating the evacuation, a safety line that is connected to the participant’s
harness shall be used. This will be set up and controlled by the instructor and be secured to a different
anchor point than the evacuation device
4) Although not a requirement of the standard, participants may repeat the evacuation exercises should
sufficient time be available
TRAINING REVIEW
15 min.
The aim of this lesson is to enable the participants to reflect on and process their learning outcome and key takeaways
from the module, aiming to achieve a high learning transfer from the module to their way of working.
learning outcomes and the achievement of their previously stated expectations for the module
Reflect on their learning outcome and key takeaways from BSTR Working at Heights with Manual Handling
Module, aiming to achieve a high learning transfer from the module to their way of working by means of e.g.:
a. group discussions or walk & talk
b. questions and answers in class, or where suitable
Note The instructor may additionally conduct a local evaluation of the training

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Give an overall feedback and feed forward on the participants' learning outcome inspired by the training as
well as from the training-review-session
transfer). In addition, at a later point, discuss with colleagues about how the BSTR Working at Heights with
Manual Handling Module content, methods and techniques are similar or different to the local specific
conditions identified after the module completion
11.7 Participant performance assessment

Assessment of learning outcomes:
a. participants will be assessed according to the learning outcomes by means of direct observation and
supplementary oral questions, where appropriate.
b. the assessment shall be conducted by practical scenarios based on the WTG environment.
Each participant shall participate and demonstrate:
Correct Manual Handling throughout, including:
a. reducing manual handling using suitable handling aids where possible
b. planning of manual handling tasks using the TILE. principle considering the load weight, maximum
reaching distance and aggravating factors
c. correct manual handling techniques
Practical exercise simulating the loading and unloading of a service truck. Use equipment common to a technician’s daily
duties. Loading truck exercise should include a dummy to simulate loading a casualty
Correct use of the evacuation/rescue device, including:
a. user inspection and test
b. use of correct anchor points
c. correct behaviour on ladder with PPE
Correct rescue methods, including:

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a. rescue of a conscious casualty hanging by a guided type vertical fall arrester, secured by their work
positioning lanyard (inside of the ladder) with the rescue equipment in a passive setup, preferably
utilising a rope clamp for rescue
b. rescue of an unconscious casualty hanging by a fall arrest lanyard (inside of the ladder) with the rescue
equipment in an active setup
c. rescue of a conscious casualty secured by their work positioning lanyard (from the outside of the ladder,
with hip diversion, i.e. rescue line is diverted using the side D-ring located at the hip of the rescuer’s
harness. This creates greater space between the casualty and the ladder)
The formal evaluation of knowledge of above scenarios shall be in accordance with the participant assessment form
(template provided in the Requirements for Training). The training provider keeps the participant assessment forms
until the completion/ evaluation of the BSTR Module.
Training providers shall have a documented procedure in place for dealing with participants not meeting the stated
learning outcomes. If a participant fails to meet the demands, they shall attend a new BSTR Working at Height Module.

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Sea Survival Refresher
(SSR)

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12. MODULE 6 – BSTR SEA SURVIVAL MODULE

Delivery of the BSTR Sea Survival Module covers same content, duration, learning objectives as described in BST Sea
Survival
The sea survival training can consist of first-time participants and refresher participants in the same classroom. The
training is designed to allow the more experienced participants to contribute more actively and share their knowledge
with the first-time participants
Note If training is conducted with first time participants and refresher participants in the same classroom then
first-time participants shall receive a Sea Survival (SS) record in WINDA and refresher participants shall
receive a Sea Survival Refresher(SSR) record in WINDA

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Annexes

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ANNEX 1 - EQUIPMENT LISTS

The following pages contain the lists of equipment required for delivering the Basic Safety Training Refresher training
standard. Any equipment used by the training provider and participants during the delivery of training under this standard
must satisfy or exceed the requirements of the equipment standards for the time being in force in the country where the
training is taking place.
Where training takes place in a country where there are no equipment standards for the equipment being used, then the
equipment used by the training provider and the participants during the delivery of training under this standard shall satisfy or
exceed the requirements of the European (EN) standards.
Note All equipment shall be maintained and where appropriate, inspected and tested in accordance with current
national standards/ legislation and manufacturers’ recommendations.
1. BSTR First Aid

The following equipment is required during the entire duration of the BSTR First Aid training to meet the needs of the
BSTR First Aid Module:
1. anatomical torso or graphical representation or illustration of human anatomy
2. airway model or graphical representation or illustration of an airway model
3. a minimum of one (adult) resuscitation dummies per four participants
4. first aid equipment which as a minimum must include:
d. AED
e. tourniquet
f. bandages – pressure dressings
g. eye flush
h. pocket mask for CPR
i. protection gloves
5. make-up kit for first aid scenarios
6. AED training unit and as minimum one AED training unit per resuscitation dummy
7. blankets / thermal protective aid (TPA)
Any equipment used during this GWO training module shall meet or exceed the minimum requirements of the national
standards in the country where the training is taking place.

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When working in a country where there is no applicable national standard then the equipment shall meet or exceed the
minimum requirements of the European standards.
2. BSTR Manual Handling

The following equipment is required during the entire duration of this BSTR Manual Handling training to meet the
needs of the BSTR Manual Handling Module:
1. a lumbar vertebrae model for educational purposes
2. a model of a shoulder for educational purposes
3. a load that weighs no more than 30 kg and is unwieldy:
a. difficult to grasp
b. difficult to grip
c. with contents likely to move or shift (e.g. a rescue dummy)
4. other lifting props for manual handling:
a. weighing maximum 15kg
5. personal protective equipment.
3. BSTR Fire Awareness

The following equipment is required to meet the needs for the Fire Awareness Refresher Module:
1. handheld CO2 and water extinguishers
2. fire blankets
3. dummies
4. personal protective equipment (PPE)
5. personal escape mask
standards in the country where the training is taking place.
4. BSTR Working at Heights

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The following equipment is required to instruct the BSTR Working at Heights and BSTR Working at Heights with Manual
Handling Modules.
Within each equipment category one product or more must be operative for practical training. Required additional
different products are accepted in a limited quantity as products for hands-on demonstration.
The training provider must select the most relevant products according to their geographic location and target
audience.
1. full body harness:
a. at least two different products
2. fall restraint lanyards
b. at least two different adjustable products
3. fall arrest lanyards with an energy absorber:
c. one flexible Y-type;
d. one fixed adjustable Y- or I-type.
e. recommended but not required: 1 fixed or flexible V-type.
4. helmets
5. vertical fall arrest system with the following sliders / gliders:
a. cable guide twist type attachment
b. cable guide slot type attachment
c. cable guide clamp type attachment
d. rail type attachment
6. self-retractable lifeline (SRL)
7. slings
Note The European Standard for slings specifies safety requirements and test methods for slings used for
mountaineering (slings are used as anchor points and since there are no industrial standard for slings, they
must also comply with the requirements in EN795 type B, anchor devices)
8. connector with mandatory automatic closing and locking system
9. evacuation / rescue devices:
a. one emergency descent and one rescue device, or,

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b. two different rescue devices
10. rope clamp for rescue (enabling lifting/safe disconnection of a loaded rope type fall protection lanyard)
11. vertical aluminium ladders
12. anchor points
Note The height of the anchor point shall ensure that in the event of a fall there will be enough space below the
anchor point to allow the shock absorber in a fixed length fall arrest lanyard to fully deploy while preventing
the person who is falling from coming into contact with the ground or structure below the anchor point
The GWO recommends an anchor point height of 6.75m for the evacuation exercises
The recommended height is based upon the following formula,
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 + 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 + 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 + 𝐶𝐶,
Where:
RD = required fall distance clearance (minimum anchor point height)
LL = length of lanyard
DD = deceleration distance (fall distance)
HH = height of suspended worker
C = safety factor
The value for HH is the length of the suspended worker after a fall includes factors like the height of the person and
harness stretch, to account for these variables this is set to 2.00m.
Using the value for HH (2.00m), the maximum allowed values for LL (2.00m) & DD (1.75m), and the minimum allowed
value C (1.00 m), gives ,
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 + 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 + 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 + 𝐶𝐶
And,
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 2.00 𝑚𝑚 + 1.75 𝑚𝑚 + 2.00 𝑚𝑚 + 1.00 𝑚𝑚,
Therefore,
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 6.75m

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Therefore, the GWO recommends that the anchor points used during the evacuation exercises are placed a minimum of
6.75m above the ground or any structure which a person may come into contact with, in the event of a fall.
standards listed in table Annex 1-1 and Annex 1-2.
Country Specific Equipment Standards
Equipment Europe North America China United Kingdom

EN 361+358 ANSI/ASSP Z359.11 BS EN 361+358
GB 6095 +GB 6095
Full Body W/GB 6095 Q
Harness
EN 358 ANSI/ASSP Z359.3 BS EN 358
GB 24543 W/GB
Fall restraint 24543 Q
lanyards
EN 354 and/or EN 355 ANSI/ASSP Z359.13 BS EN 354 and/or BS
Fall arrest GB 24543 Z+GB/T
EN 355
lanyard including 24538
energy absorber
Industrial safety EN 397 +A1 ANSI Z89.1 Type I BS EN 397 +A1
GB 2811
helmet with a
chinstrap that is
released with a
force of no less
than 150 N and
no more than
250 N
Vertical fall EN 353-1 ANSI/ASSP Z359.15 GB 24542/GB BS EN 353-1
arrest system on 24537/GB 24543 Z/GB
a rigid anchor 30862+GB/T
line 24538/GB 24544
Self Retracting EN 360 ANSI/ASSP Z359.14 BS EN 360
GB 24544
Lifelines
(Retractable type
fall arresters)
EN795 ANSI/ASSP Z359.18 GB 30862 BS EN795
Anchor Points
EN 354 + 795 ANSI/ASSP Z359.12 GB 24543 Z+GB 30862 BS EN 354 + 795
Slings

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EN 362 ANSI/ASSP Z359.12 GB/T 23469 BS EN 362

Connectors
EN 1891 ANSI/ASSP Z459.1 GB/T 23268.2 BS EN 1891
Static ropes NFPA 1983
Rescue devices EN 1496 ANSI/ASSP Z359.4 BS EN 1496
with lifting
capacity
Devices for EN 341 ANSI/ASSP Z359.4 GB/T 38230 A or GB/T BS EN 341
emergency 38230 B or GB/T
decent 38230 C
Table Annex 1-1 – Country specific equipment standards – Working at Heights
5. BSTR Sea Survival

The following equipment is required to meet the needs for the BSTR Sea Survival Module.
1. rigid lifejackets
2. inflatable lifejackets
3. survival suits
4. helmets
5. inflatable life raft with equipment
6. helicopter rescue sling
7. emergency descent device
8. safety harnesses
9. twin fall arrest lanyards
10. self retractable lifeline (SRL)
11. PPE
12. ladder simulating a WTG boat landing suitable for practicing safe transfer between ladder and boat
13. boat suitable for practicing safe transfer to and from WTG ladder
14. various types of accessories for each detachment quick release, restraint lanyard etc.
standards listed in Table Annex 1.2

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minimum requirements of the European standards
Country Specific Equipment Standards

Equipment Europe North America China United Kingdom
Life jackets
Inflatable - - - -
Survival suits - - GB/T 9953 -
Industrial safety
helmet with a
chinstrap that is
released with a force EN 397 +A1 ANSI/ISEA Z89.1 GB 2811 BS EN 397 +A1
of no less than 150 N
and no more than
250 N
Devices for GB/T 38230 A or
emergency decent EN 341 ANSI Z359.4 GB/T 38230 B or BS EN 341
GB/T 38230 C
Full Body Harness ANSI Z359.3
GB 6095 +GB 6095
EN 361+358 ANSI Z359.11 BS EN 361+358
W/GB 6095 Q
OSHA 1926.28
Fall arrest lanyard ANSI Z359.3
GB 24543 W/GB
including energy EN 354 and/or EN OSHA 1910.28 BS EN 354 and/or BS
24543 Q
absorber 355 OSHA 1910.29 EN 355
1926 Subpart E
Self-Retracting ANSI/ASSP Z359.14 GB 24544
Lifelines (Retractable EN 360 BS EN 360
type fall arresters)
Table Annex 1.2 – Country specific equipment standards – Sea Survival

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ANNEX 2 - GUIDELINE FOR WARM-UP EXERCISES
Warm-up programme and illustrations developed and provided by

© ExorLive.com [www.exorlive.com]

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Warm-up program and illustrations developed and provided by


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ANNEX 3 - MANUAL HANDLING RISK ASSESSMENT

This is an instructor guidance elaborating the concept of aggravating factors related to manual handling risk
assessment.
The baseline of assessing manual lifts is the load weight and the distance from the spine in the lower back (the reaching
distance), respectively.
While assessing manual handling, a number of additional risk factors to the lift must be considered, which, individually
and especially combined, will enhance the strain on the musculoskeletal system. These factors are the so-called
aggravating factors.
Prior to delivering the Manual Handling Module, instructors should review local instructions and risks assessments for
the tasks planned, including assessment of whether a given task should be solved by the participants by using a
handling aid.
1. Load weight and reaching distance

The following guidance introduces some simple tools to help identify “low-risk” manual handling tasks and introduces a
hierarchy of control that can be used to help identify simple solutions to reduce risk from manual handling further.
Tasks outside of these guidelines should be assessed by an appropriately qualified professional using more detailed
assessment tools or a full manual handling risk assessment for the task.
Lifting and lowering filters

Use the guideline filters for lifting and lowering in Figure Annex3.1 to help you identify low-risk tasks. The guideline
filters do not set specific weight limits, so the guidelines are not ‘safe limits’ for lifting and carrying. They use broad
assumptions or generalisations where, if met, the risk of injury is considered to be low.
Working outside the limits is likely to increase the risk of injury, which can lead to ill health. The guidelines are derived
from lifting capacity data which show differences between men and women in the population (rather than individuals).
Where the handling task falls within the filter guidelines, you do not normally need to do any other form of risk
assessment unless you have individual workers who may be at significant risk. If you are unsure, complete a more
detailed assessment.

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Figure Annex3.1 – Lifting and lowering filters
Note Figure Annex 3.1 assumes that the load is easily grasped with both hands and is handled in reasonable
working conditions, with the worker in a stable body position
Risk assessment, lifting and lowering

1. Each box in Figure Annex 3.1 contains a filter value for lifting and lowering in that zone. The filter values in the
boxes are reduced if handling is done with arms extended, or at high or low levels, as that is where injuries are
most likely to happen and will most likely be harmful to health. Such lifts must be evaluated separately.
2. Observe the work activity you are assessing and compare it to Figure Annex 3.1. First, decide which zone or
zones the worker’s hands pass through when moving the load. Then assess the maximum weight being
handled. If it is less than the value given in the matching box, it is within the guidelines.
3. If the worker’s hands enter more than one zone during the operation, use the smallest weight. Use an in-
between weight if the hands are close to a boundary between zones.
4. Lifting and lowering: Do I need to make a more detailed assessment? You will need to make a more detailed
assessment using an appropriate tool or full risk assessment checklists (or equivalent) if:
a. the handling operation must take place with the hands outside the zones in Figure Annex 3.1

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b. the weight exceeds those in Figure Annex3.1
c. the handling involves torso twisting;
d. the handling is more frequent than one lifts every two minutes;
e. the handling is done by a team;
f. the handling operations are complex, for example, the weights vary significantly or there are several start
and finish locations;
g. the lift does not meet the conditions given for using the guidelines, for example, if the load is difficult to
grasp or handle;
h. the person lifting may be at significant risk, for example, new or expectant mothers, young workers, those
new to the job, or those with a disability, significant health problem or recent injury.
Carrying risk assessment

You can apply the filter weights for lifting and lowering in Figure Annex3.1 to carrying operations where the load:
a. is held against the body;
b. is carried no further than about 10 m without resting;
c. does not prevent the person from walking normally;
d. does not obstruct the view of the person carrying it;
e. does not require the hands to be held below knuckle height or much above elbow height.
f. Where you can carry the load securely on the shoulder without lifting it first (for example, by sliding it
onto your shoulder), you can apply the filter values up to 20 m.

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Aggravating factors
The aggravating factors of the lifting operation must be considered which, individually and especially in combination,
will enhance the strain on the musculoskeletal system posing a risk of injury and manual handling harmful to health.
Examples of aggravating factors - categorised related to the four elements of the TILE principle
Basic dynamic risk assessment – TILE principle

Pushing and pulling risk assessment
In pushing and pulling operations, the load might be slid, rolled, or

moved on wheels. Observe the worker’s general posture during the
operation. Figure Annex3.2 shows some acceptable push/pull
postures. The task is likely to be low risk if:
a. the force is applied with the hands;
b. the torso is largely upright and not twisted;
c. the hands are between hip and shoulder height;
d. the distance moved without a pause or break is

no more than about 20 m.
When do I need to make a more detailed assessment?
If the load can be moved and controlled very easily, for example with
one hand, you do not need to do a more detailed assessment. You
should make a more detailed assessment using, for example, the RAPP
tool or full risk assessment checklists (or equivalent) if:
a. the posture shows that the task requires
significant forces, for example, leaning;
here are extra risk factors like slopes, uneven floors, constricted spaces
or trapping hazards
Figure Annex3.2 Acceptable push/pull postures 1
1
UK Government Copyright (by permission)

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All manual handling tasks should be preceded by a basic dynamic risk assessment carried out by the persons planning to
carry out the task before commencing the activity. This can be conducted using the simple and well known TILE
principle.
T – Task I – Individuals L – Load E – Environment
For Task considerations should include:
a. no suitable handling aid available
b. holding loads away from torso
c. lifting below knee height or above shoulder height
d. carrying, pushing, pulling or precise positioning of the load reaching upwards
e. twisting or stooping
f. large vertical movement
g. long carrying distances
h. strenuous pushing or pulling
i. unpredictable movement of loads
j. frequent or prolonged physical effort
k. lifting for a longer period of time
l. insufficient rest or recovery
m. team effort
n. a work rate imposed by a process
For Individual(s) capability considerations should include:
a. pose a risk to those with a health problem or a physical or learning difficulty
b. no warm-up
c. require unusual capability previous and pre-existing injuries
d. pose a risk to those who are pregnant

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e. pose a risk to new workers/young people
f. require special information/training
g. unusual strength or height required for the activity
h. specialist knowledge or training required
For the Load considerations should include:
a. heavy
b. bulky or unwieldy
c. difficult to grasp
d. difficult to grip
e. unstable or unpredictable
f. contents likely to move or shift
g. intrinsically harmful (e.g., sharp/hot)
h. sharp edges
i. For the Work Environment considerations should include:
j. constraints on posture, e.g. working on knees, laying on back
k. restricted spaces
l. poor floors, e.g. greasy, wet, uneven
m. variations in levels, e.g., stairs, thresholds
n. hot/cold/humid conditions
o. strong air movements, e.g. outside of tower, nacelle, etc.
p. poor lighting conditions
q. weather conditions; rain, gust, wind, temperature
Additionally, it is recommended to consider additional factors including whether the activity is hindered or enhanced by
wearing particular protective clothing or PPE and work/organisation (psychosocial) factors such as training, sudden changes in
workload, communication, consultation, etc.
Good handling technique

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A good handling technique is no substitute for other risk-reduction steps, such as providing lifting aids, or
improvements to the task, load or working environment. Moving the load by rocking, pivoting, rolling or sliding is
preferable to lifting it in situations where there is limited scope for risk reduction. However, good handling technique
forms a very valuable addition to other risk-control measures. To be successful, good handling technique needs both
training and practice. The training should be carried out in conditions that are as realistic as possible, emphasising its
relevance to everyday handling operations in the workplace.
There is no single correct way to lift and there are many different approaches, each with merits and advantages in
particular situations or individual circumstances. The content of training in good handling technique should be tailored
to the particular handling operations likely to be carried out, beginning with relatively simple examples and progressing
to more specialised handling operations as appropriate. For example:
a. Employees should be able to identify loads that may cause injury when handled. Increases in size often
indicate an increase in weight and difficulty of handling.
b. Where the size of the item is less important than how full it is, e.g. in the case of a dustbin containing
refuse, they should assess the load by looking inside it or use techniques such as rocking the load from
side to side before attempting to lift it.
c. They should also treat unfamiliar loads with caution. Drums which appear to be empty or other closed
containers should be tested, e.g. by trying to raise one end.
d. They should apply force gradually when testing loads. If employees feel too much strain, they should be
encouraged to look for another way of handling the load safely.
The following list illustrates some important points which are relevant to a basic two-handed symmetrical lift – a lift
using both hands that takes place in front of and close to the body, without any twisting.
Basic lifting operations

Rocking a load to assess its ease of handling.
Figure Annex3.3 – Basic lifting operations 2
2

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Think before handling/lifting. Plan the lift/ handling activity. Where is

the load going to be placed? Use appropriate handling aids where
possible. Will help be needed with the load? Remove obstructions, such
as discarded wrapping materials. For long lifts, such as from floor to
shoulder height, consider resting the load mid-way on a table or bench
to change grip.
Keep the load close to the waist. Keep the load close to the waist for as
long as possible while lifting. The distance of the load from the spine at
waist height is an important factor in the overall load on the spine and
back muscles. Keep the heaviest side of the load next to the body. If a
close approach to the load is not possible, try to slide it towards the
body before attempting to lift it.
Adopt a stable position. The feet should be apart with one leg in front
of the other (alongside the load if it is on the ground) to increase the
stability of the worker’s posture. The worker should be prepared to
move their feet during the lift to maintain a stable posture. Wearing
over- tight clothing or unsuitable footwear may make this difficult.
Ensure a good hold on the load. Where possible, hug the load as close
as possible to the body. This may be better than gripping it tightly only
with the hands.
Moderate flexion (slight bending) of the back, hips and knees at the
start of the lift is preferable to either fully flexing the back (stooping) or
fully flexing the hips and knees (full/ deep squatting)
Don’t flex the back any further while lifting. This can happen if the legs
begin to straighten before starting to raise the load. The worker should
start the movement with the strong leg muscles while keeping the back
posture constant.
3

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Avoid twisting the back or leaning sideways especially while the back
is bent. Keep shoulders level and facing in the same direction as the
hips. Turning by moving the feet is better than twisting and lifting at the
same time.
Keep the head up when handling. Look ahead not down at the load
once it has been held securely.
Move smoothly. Do not jerk or snatch the load as this can make it
harder to keep control and can increase the risk of injury.
Don’t lift or handle more than can be easily managed. There is a

difference between what people can lift and what they can safely lift. If
in doubt, seek advice or get help.
Put down, then adjust. If precise positioning of the load is necessary,

put it down first, then slide it into the desired position.
4

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Source of reference
This Annex is based upon:
a. legal requirements and guidelines of the Danish and UK EHS authorities and legislation on manual
handling
b. G+ Manual Handling Case Studies doc.
c. https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l23.htm
d. Equinor Ergonomics and Manual Handling Study 2018
e. contains public sector information published by the UK Health and Safety Executive and licensed under
the Open Government Licence
Note Local legal requirements must always be adhered to when performing manual handling.

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ANNEX 4 - VERSION HISTORY
Oct. 2020 10.1 GWO TC OCT 2020 Description of changes
• GWO Standard updated to match the Corporate Visual identity of GWO (CVI)
• Each module now contains a cover page and the module name listed in the header as reference.
• New ISO Code added to standard
• All previous versions of the Change log have now been moved to Annex 4. The current change log remains at
the start of the standard.
• Duplicate information removed from Section 4. Scope
The following sections have been removed due to this information now included in the new Requirements for
Training and Requirements for Certification Bodies (released May 2020)
Section 5
• 5.4 Conformity with other training – section removed
• 5.5 Legal Requirements – Section Removed
• 5.9 Training Equipment section added
Section 6
• 6.1 Staff – section removed
• 6.2 Facilities and Equipment – section removed / Equipment now moved to section 5.9
• 6.3 Theory training facilities – section removed
• 6.4 Practical training facilities – section removed
• 6.5 Training Equipment – section removed
Section 8
• 8.1 Administrative arrangements – section removed

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• 8.2 Delegate performance assessment – section removed
• 8.3 Requirement to upload training record in WINDA – section removed (course Codes have now been moved
to section 5.6)
• 8.4 Training Providers own Records and Certificates issue – section removed
• 8.5 Delegate performance assessment form – section removed
Annex 1
• Delegate Performance Assessment Form – Section removed
Annex 2
• Medical Assessment Form – Section removed
All section reference numbers have now been updated
01 October 2021 02.1 GWO TC OCT 2021 Description of changes
Every lesson 1
New aim in lesson 1 “The aim of this lesson is for the participants to be motivated and to engage in the training
safely at a training facility, while recognising what is expected of them during the training.”
October 2019 10 GWO TC SEPT 2019 Description of changes
Minor corrections since launch date
• Minor spelling, grammar, and formatting corrections
Document changes
Formatting of document changed and aligned throughout document, includes numbering all sections, lessons,
elements, sub-sections, and tables for ease of reference.

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Header and footer aligned with other GWO training standards.
Inserted section 2 – Terms and definitions
Annex 3 – manual handling risk assessment moved to annex 5
Inserted annex 4 – guideline for warmup exercises
Imperial measurements included throughout
Anchor point height review
Requirement for anchor point height changed to a recommendation. With additional control measures if using a
lower height.
Working at Heights & Manual Handling Review
Working group to combine the two modules. Therefore, V10 of BSTR has 6 modules.
Overall Changes
• Version changed from 9 to 10
• Date changed to reflect most recent date of changes.
• Added level and domain to all learning objectives (e.g., L2 – Knowledge) for ease of understanding)
• Aims for each lesson updated
• Taxonomy action verbs moved to each lesson element
• Added: Manual Handling theory is combined into Working at Heights Refresher module creating a Working at
Heights with Manual Handling Refresher module.
• All references to working at height replaced with working at height with manual handling
Section specific changes
Table of contents
• Updated to reflect changes to standard.
2 Terms and definitions
• Inserted
3 Change log
• Format changed for ease of reading
4 Scope

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• Changed number of modules from 5 to 6.
9 BSTR Module 1 – First aid refresher
• Numbered to section 9 and all subsequent subsections now 9.x
e.g., 1.1 Aims and objectives of the BSTR first aid module becomes sub-section 9.1.
10 BSTR Module 2 – Manual handling refresher
• Numbered to section 10.
• Format changed for ease of reading.
11 BSTR Module 3 – Fire awareness refresher
12 BSTR Module 4 – Working at height refresher
• Numbered to section 12 and all subsequent subsections now 12.x
e.g., 1.1 Aims and objectives of the BSTR working at height with manual handling refresher module becomes
sub-section 12.1.
13 BST Module 5 – Working at height & manual handling refresher
• New module.
14 BSTR Module 6 – Sea survival refresher
ANNEX 3 Equipment list
• Moved manual handling risk assessment to annex 5 and inserted equipment list to align with other standards
ANNEX 4 Guideline for warm-up exercises
• Inserted
ANNEX 5 Manual handling risk assessment
• Moved from Annex 3
Sub-Section specific changes
5.1 Overview

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• Added working at heights and manual handling combined module.
5.6 Duration of BSTR Modules
• Text in this section has been reworked to clarify the concepts of contact time and total training day.
• Duration given as total contact time for the modules.
• Table 5-6 GWO BSTR Module durations inserted.
• Table 5-7 Maximum duration for training days inserted.
5.7 Duration of BSTR Modules
• Inserted table 5-7 for validity periods.
• Included combined working at height and manual handling module.
6.2 Training Equipment
• 6.2.3 inserted ‘the equipment required for the delivery of each module is listed in annex 3.’
8.6 Delegate performance assessment form
• Renamed from Control measures.
• Changed terminology from control measures form to delegate assessment form.
9.2, 12.2 & 13.2 Duration of the xx module
• Reworded to clarify the concepts of contact time and total training day
• Inserted table x-2 with maximum allowed contact time per day and total training day
9.3, 12.3 & 13.3 xx module trainer / delegate ratio
• Table format adjusted and standardised
9.4, 12.4 & 13.4 Equipment for xx module
• Moved to Annex 3
9.5, 12.5 & 13.5 xx module timetables
• Table format adjusted and standardised
9.6, 12.6 & 13.6 Detailed description of the xx module
• Paragraph styles aligned throughout the lessons, elements & notes.
• Bullets removed and replaced with numbering throughout.
9.1 Aims and objectives of the BSTR First Aid module

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• Aims updated to include CPR and AED
9.6 Detailed description of the BSTR First Aid module
• Minor spelling corrections throughout.
12.1 Aims and objectives of the BSTR Working at heights module
• Aims updated in line with work done on combined module
12.3 Working at heights Instructor to delegate ratio
• Practical exercise ratio increased from 1:4 to 1:6.
• The ratio remains at 1:4 for onsite training.
12.4 Equipment for Working at heights module
• Equipment list moved to Annex 3.
• Inserted explanation of a generic approach to training
• Added a requirement for the TP to reduce the possible fall factor
• Requirement for an anchor point height of 6.75 m changed to recommendation with additional control
measures.
12.5 BSTR Working at heights module timetable
• Updated in line with changes to module based on work done on combined module.
12.6 Detailed description of the BSTR Working at heights module
• Lesson changes in line with the work done on the combined module.
Lesson 1 - Introduction
• Time reduced to 15 minutes in line with other modules.
Lesson 2 – Knowledge Review
• Aim made more specific.
• Learning objectives made more specific.
• Taxonomy action verbs moved to individual sub elements making the elements more specific.
Lesson 3 – PPE Review exercises
• New lesson (was practical review exercises).
Lesson 4 – Theory

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• Inserted Learning objective 8 – Suspension trauma.
• Inserted 4.7.3 for suspension trauma.
Lesson 5 – Measures to prevent injury during training
• New Lesson.
Lesson 6 – Individual practical review exercises
• Element names shortened.
Lesson 7 – Practical exercises - group
• Moved from Lesson 5.
• Element names shortened.
12.7 Delegate performance assessment
• Updated inline with work done on combined module.
13 Module 5 – Working at heights with manual handling refresher
• New module.
This module combines the elements of the BSTR working at height refresher and BST manual handling initial
modules.
Amendment date Version Approved by & date Description of changes
April 1 2019 9 GWO TC MAR 20 2019
Content
Overall changes

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Anatomy
• Anatomy section simplified
• Element: Other systems and vital organs of the human body changed to: Blood filled organs
• Lesson duration reduced to 60 min.
• Changed ‘Personal Hygiene’ to ‘Personal Protective Equipment against infections’ and moved the element to
‘lesson 4’
Lesson 4
Added secondary survey element to “lesson 4” and added 15 min
October 1 2018 8 GWO SC on September

20, 2018 Description of changes
Content
Overall changes
• Removed: The original Sea Survival refresher module
Added: A referral to the BST Sea Survival module, as the refresher is now identical to the core Sea Survival module
May 31 2017 7 GWO SC on April 27 Description of changes
Content
• New intro “Scope” replaces “Foreword and Editorial”
• General section: Target group detailed to “personnel working in a wind turbine environment”
• General: new section on “Understanding GWO Learning Objectives” incl. Taxonomy Table
• General: new section on Conformity with other training section added
• FAR module: including use of AED in CPR lesson, and specified at least one scenario must be based on electrical
incident
• Manual Handling: may now be delivered as combined MH and MHR course, increased discussion based
learning, introduced aggravating factors in theoretical lessons, specified scenario-based training.

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• FAW module: may now be delivered as combined FAW and FAWR course, increased discussion based learning,
specified scenario-based training.
• WaH module: tower height specified to minimum 6.75 meters measured from the delegates feet, always
ensuring that safe distance is available for fall arrester to work.
• PFPE changed to PPE
Major layout work:
All common administrative elements now only in general sections of standard, and deleted from each of the module
descriptions.
• Templates for Control Measures and Medical Self-assessment forms supplied as annex 1+2
• Specific requirements to trainer/delegate ratio, equipment and performance criteria remain in modules
Module learning outcomes and lesson elements merged into “detailed description”.
04.10.2016 5 GWO TC OCT 2016 Description of changes
General
Individual module update versions on front page of standard removed.
Delegate prerequisites
Added prerequisite for Delegate to possess a personal WINDA ID and provide it to the Training Provider prior to
completing the course.
All sections
Changed certification requirement from issuing a certificate to instead upload a record of training to WINDA.
Changed requirement from handing out certificates to Delegates to instead ensure that Delegates have provided
their WINDA ID.
Validity Period
Changed text to include uploading of records to WINDA
Entire document
Switched logo to new GWO logo
Left the date field in the medical self-check forms blank.

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01.03.2016 4 GWO SC 15.03.2016 Description of changes
• Introduction
• Updated the requirements for renewal of certificate.
• First Aid Module
• Corrected trainer/delegate ratio in point 2.2 to 1 instead of 2.
• Specified validity period in point 3.2
• Corrected numerical error in point 3.3
• Manual handling
• Fire Awareness
• Working at Heights
• Sea Survival
Specified validity period in point 3.2
01.12.2015 3 GWO TC DEC 2015 Description of changes
Introduction
• Removed certification requirement 3 “Type of equipment used in the course and maximum training height (BST
Working at Heights Module only)” in Working at Heights module. Removed due to RUK alignment.
• Consequence of expired certificates added under Validity period.
Working at Heights Module
• Removed certification requirement 4 from point 3.3 “Type of equipment used in course and maximum training
height”. Removed due to RUK alignment.
• Removed part of the note in point 3.3 WaH module saying “However, a climb to a higher height than the
minimum height stated in this Standard can be an indicator of the Delegate’s capability and aptitude to work at

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heights. The maximum height used during the training must be stated on the certificate”. Removed due to RUK
alignment.
Sea Survival Module
• Alignment with updated requirements set by UK Health and Safety Executive for boat transfer
• Section 1.5: Objective (3) added
• Section 1.6: Lesson 2, Lesson 3, Lesson 4 and Lesson 5 altered
• Section 1.9: Element 2.1, Element 3.2, Element 4.1 and Element 4.2 altered
• MES (Marine Evacuation system) added to List of abbreviations
• Removal of Safe Transfer from Vessel to Vessel exercise due to too high risk while practicing
• Validity reduced to 24 months (Section 3.2)
Equipment for easy detachment added (Section 2.6)
21.11.2013 2 GWO TC NOV 2013 Description of changes
Entire GWO Basic Safety Training Standard Document (All Modules)
• Correction of minor mistakes
• Time tables aligned with Learning Outcomes (Section 1.6)
Time Tables aligned with Elements (Section 1.9)
04.11.2013 1 GWO TC NOV 2013 Description of changes
Entire GWO Basic Safety Training Standard Document (All Modules)
• Spelling, grammar corrected (no meanings of sentences have been changed), format corrected
• Delegate prerequisites updated for each Module (Section 1.3)
• Physical Demands updated for each Module (Section 1.4)
• Added Appendix 1A to each Module (GWO’s suggestion for Medical Self-Assessment)
Working at Heights Module

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Information about Certification (EN, ANSI, etc.) has been added for equipment list for module (Section 2.3, p. 134)
17.06.2013 Description of changes
Draft of Version 0 finalised
15.04.2013 Description of changes
Draft of version 0 created

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Basic Safety Refresher Training / V12

1. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................................... 4

2. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 5

5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE GWO BST REFRESHER ............................................................................................... 9

6. USING THIS STANDARD TO DEVELOP TRAINING.............................................................................................................. 12

7. MODULE 1 – BSTR FIRST AID MODULE ............................................................................................................................ 14

Introduction to the training ................................................................................................................................ 16

8. MODULE 2 – BSTR MANUAL HANDLING MODULE .......................................................................................................... 29

9. MODULE 3 – BSTR FIRE AWARENESS MODULE ............................................................................................................... 31

10. MODULE 4 – BSTR WORKING AT HEIGHTS MODULE ....................................................................................................... 33

10.1 Aims and Objectives of the BSTR Working at Heights Module 33

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Basic Safety Refresher Training / V12

10.6 Detailed Description of the BSTR Working at Heights Module 37

Introduction to the training ................................................................................................................................ 37

10.7 Participant performance assessment 58

Introduction to the training ................................................................................................................................ 65

11.7 Participant performance assessment 89

12. MODULE 6 – BSTR SEA SURVIVAL MODULE .................................................................................................................... 92

ANNEX 1 - EQUIPMENT LISTS ......................................................................................................................................................... 94

ANNEX 2 - GUIDELINE FOR WARM-UP EXERCISES........................................................................................................................ 101

ANNEX 3 - MANUAL HANDLING RISK ASSESSMENT ..................................................................................................................... 108

ANNEX 4 - VERSION HISTORY ....................................................................................................................................................... 118

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Basic Safety Refresher Training / V12

ANSI American National Standards Institute

AS/NZS Australia and New Zealand Standard

BST Basic Safety Training

BSTR Basic Safety Training Refresher

BWH Basic Working at Height

CO2 Carbon Dioxide

CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

CSA Canadian Standards Association

EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon

ERC European Resuscitation Council

GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System

GWO Global Wind Organisation

H.E.L.P. Heat Escape Lessening Posture

ILCOR International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation

LSA Life Saving Appliances

MES Marine Evacuation Systems

MOB Man Overboard

PLB Personal Locating Beacon

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

PTSD Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

SAR Search and Rescue

SART Search and Rescue Transponder

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Basic Safety Refresher Training / V12

SRL Self-Retractable Lifeline

T.I.L.E. Task Individual Load Environment

WTG Wind Turbine Generator

2. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

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Basic Safety Refresher Training / V12

Amendment date Version Approved by & date