Test 20
Test 20
Test 20
Questions 1-14
Read the text below and answer Questions 1-7.
Questions 1-7
Look at the six visitor attractions in southern England, A-F, in the text.
For which visitor attraction are the following statements true?
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
1 Visitors can look at animals from another part of the world.
2 People can hold a business conference in this place.
3 Visitors can find out what toys were used in the last century.
4 Activities are available all year round here.
5 You can buy light meals here.
6 Visitors can see how food was prepared in the past.
7 You can visit modern imitations of old buildings here.
Read the text below and answer Questions 8-14.
Paragliding in Australia
What is paragliding?
Paragliding is a kind of flying, but instead of the wing being made of metal, wood or plastic, it is
made of nylon or polyester. The wing (known as a canopy) is attached to a harness by lines, not
dissimilar to a parachute. The harness is where the pilots sit – and they report that it outperforms
a parachute in terms of comfort.
Is it safe?
Like sailing and deep-sea diving, paragliding is as safe as the person doing it. The big advantage
is that it’s probably the slowest form of aviation, so if you do crash you’ll hit the ground quite
gently!
Where do I learn?
There are lots of schools, mainly based inland by appropriate hills or mountains, and there are
also schools on the coast near spectacular cliffs. These are very attractive, though the prospect of
landing in the sea seems to dissuade beginners! All schools will show you within a couple of
days how to inflate the canopy, launch and land. They use radio instruction, tandem flying
practice and schoolroom theory sessions to help you get the most from paragliding. It takes about
seven days to get your basic licence; then you’re free to fly independently at sites across
Australia.
What do I need?
Pilots normally wear warm clothes, in case they get very high up, and a helmet in case they
stumble on landing. In terms of gear, schools supply basic training, canopies, harnesses, etc.
However, you’ll probably want to buy your own more sophisticated equipment, which you’ll be
able to choose much better once you’ve tried some out on your course.
Who can do it?
There’s no upper age limit provided your instructor deems you capable, but the youngest
anybody can paraglide is 14. Anybody with good eyesight and good balance is a potential
paraglider pilot. It’s a very relaxed sport as you’re mostly sitting down. You’ll probably
experience pain in some muscles you didn’t know you had whilst learning, but many of those
will be due to the walk up the training hill to launch. Flying a paraglider is a great sport. We
hope to see you in the air with us this season!
Questions 8-14
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?
In boxes 8-14 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
8 A paraglider is more comfortable than a parachute.
9 Most paragliding schools are situated by the sea.
10 Learners must pass a theory test in order to get their licence.
11 Learners are able to paraglide unaccompanied after a week’s course.
12 It is advisable to purchase some equipment before you do your training.
13 Fit people of any age can take up paragliding.
14 The preliminary uphill walk may strain some of your muscles.
SECTION 2
Questions 15-27
Read the text below and answer Questions 15-21.
Questions 15-21
Complete the sentences below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 15-21 on your answer sheet.
15 By preparing for your interview, you will gain ………………… which will help you present
yourself well.
16 Read through any documents you have received about the company and also go to their
………………… .
17 Check the job description to find out what ………………… are involved in the post you
have applied for.
18 Interviewers may be interested to hear about any unpaid help you have given to a
………………… .
19 Be ready to talk about your ………………… for the development of your career.
20 Explain any ………………… that there are in your work record and clarify how you used
the time to improve your skills.
21 Questions about ………………… should be delayed until a later stage.
Read the text below and answer Questions 22-27.
Questions 22-27
Complete the sentences below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 22-27 on your answer sheet.
Step 1:
Decide who you are going to sell to and compare yourself with the 22………………… you are
going to have.
Step 2:
Consider how you will market your product and your method of 23………………… .
Step 3:
Decide if you will have to find 24………………… to work in, or buy equipment.
Step 4:
Think whether you will need to take on staff as your business grows.
Step 5:
Make sure you deal with the accounts and other essentials in accordance with
the 25………………… .
Step 6:
Calculate all the 26………………… involved in your business when deciding how much to
charge.
Step 7:
Calculate the turnover you are aiming for in order to make a profit in the first three years.
Step 8:
Consider if you require any 27………………… to start your business, and where to find it.
SECTION 3
Questions 28-40
Read the text below and answer Questions 28-40.
Understanding hares
With its wild stare, swift speed and secretive nature, the UK’s brown hare is the rabbit’s
mysterious cousin. Even in these days of agricultural intensification, the hare is still to be seen in
open countryside, but its numbers are falling.
A
Like many herbivores, brown hares spend a relatively large amount of their time feeding. They
prefer to do this in the dark, but when nights are short, their activities do spill into daylight hours.
Wherever they live, hares appear to have a fondness for fields with a variety of vegetation, for
example short as well as longer clumps of grasses. Studies have demonstrated that they benefit
from uncultivated land and other unploughed areas on farms, such as field margins. Therefore, if
farmers provided patches of woodland in areas of pasture as well as assorted crops in arable
areas, there would be year-round shelter and food, and this could be the key to turning round the
current decline in hare populations.
B
Brown hares have a number of physical adaptations that enable them to survive in open
countryside. They have exceptionally large ears that move independently, so that a range of
sounds can be pinpointed accurately. Positioned high up on their heads, the hares’ large golden
eyes give them 360° vision, making it hard to take a hare by surprise. Compared to mammals of
a similar size, hares have a greatly enlarged heart and a higher volume of blood in their bodies,
and this allows for superior speed and stamina. In addition, their legs are longer than those of a
rabbit, enabling hares to run more like a dog and reach speeds of up to 70 kph.
C
Brown hares have unusual lifestyles for their large size, breeding from a young age and
producing many leverets (babies). There are about three litters of up to four leverets every year.
Both males and females are able to breed at about seven months old, but they have to be quick
because they seldom live for more than two years. The breeding season runs from January to
October, and by late February most females are pregnant or giving birth to their first litter of the
year. So it seems strange, therefore, that it is in March, when the breeding season is already
underway, that hares seemingly go mad: boxing, dancing, running and fighting. This has given
rise to the age-old reference to ‘mad March hares’. In fact, boxing occurs throughout the
breeding season, but people tend to see this behaviour more often in March. This is because in
the succeeding months, dusk – the time when hares are most active – is later, when fewer people
are about. Crops and vegetation are also taller, hiding the hares from view. Though it is often
thought that they are males fighting over females, boxing hares are usually females fighting off
males. Hares are mostly solitary, but a female fights off a series of males until she is ready to
mate. This occurs several times through the breeding season because, as soon as the female has
given birth, she will be ready to mate again.
D
But how can females manage to do this while simultaneously feeding themselves and rearing
their young? The reason is that hares have evolved such self-sufficient young. Unlike baby
rabbits, leverets are born furry and mobile. They weigh about 100 g at birth and are immediately
left to their own devices by their mothers. A few days later, the members of the litter creep away
to create their own individual resting places, known as ‘forms’. Incredibly, their mother visits
them only once every 24 hours and, even then, she only suckles them for a maximum of five
minutes each. This lack of family contact may seem harsh to us, but it is a strategy that draws
less attention from predators. At the tender age of two weeks, leverets start to feed themselves,
while still drinking their mother’s milk. They grow swiftly and are fully weaned at four weeks,
reaching adult weight at about six months.
E
Research has shown that hares’ milk is extremely rich and fatty, so a little goes a long way. In
order to produce such nutritious milk, females need a high-quality, high-calorie diet. Hares are
selective feeders at the best of times: unlike many herbivores, they can’t sit around waiting to
digest low-quality food – they need high- energy herbs and other leaves in order to sprint. This
causes them problems when faced with the smallest alterations in food availability and
abundance. So, as well as reductions in the diversity of farmland habitat, the decline in the range
of food plants is injurious to hares.
F
The rapid turnaround in the breeding cycle suggests that hares should, in principle, be able to
increase their populations quickly to exploit new habitats. They certainly used to: studies show
that hares evolved on the open plains and spread rapidly westward from the Black Sea after the
last ice age (though they were probably introduced to Britain as a species to be hunted for the pot
by the Romans). But today’s hares are thwarted by the lack of rich farmland habitat. When the
delicate herbs and other plants they rely on are ploughed up or poisoned by herbicides, these
wonderful, agile runners disappear too, taking with them some of the wildness from our lives.
Questions 28-33
The following text has six sections, A-F.
Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 28-33 on your answer sheet.
List of headings
i The need for population reduction
ii The problem with being a fussy eater
iii Reproductive patterns
iv The need for further research
v A possible solution to falling numbers
vi The fastest runners
vii A rather lonely beginning
viii A comparison between past and present survival rates
ix Useful physical features
28 Paragraph A
29 Paragraph B
30 Paragraph C
31 Paragraph D
32 Paragraph E
33 Paragraph F
Questions 34-36
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 34-36 on your answer sheet.
34 According to the writer, what is the ideal habitat for hares?
A open grassland which they can run across
B densely wooded areas to breed in
C areas which include a range of vegetation
D land that has been farmed intensively for years
35 When leverets are living alone they are not visited often by their mother because
A this helps to protect them from being eaten by other animals.
B the ‘forms’ are so far apart.
C they are very energetic from a surprisingly early age.
D they know how to find their own food from birth.
36 What does the writer suggest about the adult hares’ diet?
A They need some plants with a high fat content.
B They need time to digest the plants that they eat.
C It is difficult for them to adapt to changes in vegetation.
D It is vital for them to have a supply of one particular herb.
Questions 37-40
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.
Brown hares
The brown hare is well known for its ability to run fast, at speeds of up to 70 kph, largely due to
the length of its legs as well as the unusual size of its heart. An increased amount of blood also
gives it the necessary 37………………… to continue running fast for some time. A running hare
resembles the 38………………… more closely than its relative, the rabbit.
The hare has some other characteristics that help it to avoid capture. The first is its excellent all-
round 39………………… .This means that predators cannot easily creep up behind it. Another
feature is its ability to position its massive 40………………… separately, to sense the slightest
indication of danger.