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    DPSK QPSK Notes

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    Fahad Ansari 20-296
    DPSK (Differential Phase Shift Keying) is a modulation technique where the phase of the modulated signal is shifted relative to the previous signal element based on the previous bit. A DPSK demodulator uses a balanced modulator with a 1-bit delay input and low pass filter to recover the original data bits based on whether the received and delayed signals have the same or different polarity. QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) encodes two bits at a time by using four possible carrier phase shifts (0, 90, 180, 270 degrees), allowing it to carry information at double the rate of DPSK. A QPSK demodulator uses two PSK demodulators and low pass filters to simultaneously de

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    DPSK QPSK Notes

    Uploaded by

    Fahad Ansari 20-296
    45 views6 pages
    DPSK (Differential Phase Shift Keying) is a modulation technique where the phase of the modulated signal is shifted relative to the previous signal element based on the previous bit. A DPSK demodulator uses a balanced modulator with a 1-bit delay input and low pass filter to recover the original data bits based on whether the received and delayed signals have the same or different polarity. QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) encodes two bits at a time by using four possible carrier phase shifts (0, 90, 180, 270 degrees), allowing it to carry information at double the rate of DPSK. A QPSK demodulator uses two PSK demodulators and low pass filters to simultaneously de

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    Dpsk Qpsk Notes

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    DPSK (Differential Phase Shift Keying) is a modulation technique where the phase of the modulated signal is shifted relative to the previous signal element based on the previous bit. A DPSK demodulator uses a balanced modulator with a 1-bit delay input and low pass filter to recover the original data bits based on whether the received and delayed signals have the same or different polarity. QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) encodes two bits at a time by using four possible carrier phase shifts (0, 90, 180, 270 degrees), allowing it to carry information at double the rate of DPSK. A QPSK demodulator uses two PSK demodulators and low pass filters to simultaneously de

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views6 pages

    DPSK QPSK Notes

    Uploaded by

    Fahad Ansari 20-296
    DPSK (Differential Phase Shift Keying) is a modulation technique where the phase of the modulated signal is shifted relative to the previous signal element based on the previous bit. A DPSK demodulator uses a balanced modulator with a 1-bit delay input and low pass filter to recover the original data bits based on whether the received and delayed signals have the same or different polarity. QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) encodes two bits at a time by using four possible carrier phase shifts (0, 90, 180, 270 degrees), allowing it to carry information at double the rate of DPSK. A QPSK demodulator uses two PSK demodulators and low pass filters to simultaneously de

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    DPSK

    In DPSK the phase of the modulated signal is shifted relative


    to the previous signal element. The signal phase follows the
    high or low state of the previous element.

    bk dk=bk-dk-1 Product Output


    Modulator DPSK

    dk-1 XOR

    C(t)
    1 bit Delay

    bk dk-1 XOR o/p


    0 0 0
    0 1 1
    1 0 1
    1 1 0
    If next data bit is 1 there will be change in polarity in output
    of XOR.
    If next data bit is 0 there will be no change in polarity in
    output of XOR.
    The following figure represents the model waveform of DPSK.
    The advantage with DPSK system is that it does not require a
    synchronous carrier in the demodulator. So no local oscillator is
    required at receiver side.
    DPSK Demodulator

    From the above figure, it is evident that the balance


    modulator is given the DPSK signal along with 1-bit delay
    input. Then the output is applied to a LPF. Then it is passed to
    a shaper circuit, which is a comparator circuit, to recover the
    original binary data as the output.
    Case I : Let, both received DPSK and delayed signals have
    same polarity and they are bk Ac sin ωct and bk Ac sin ωct. Then
    the output of the balanced modulator =
    bk Ac sin ωct × bk Ac sin ωct or (-bk Ac sin ωct)×(-bk Ac sin ωct)
    = 𝒃𝟐𝒌 𝑨𝟐𝒄 sin2ωct
    𝟏−𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐𝛚𝒄 𝐭
    = 𝒃𝟐𝒌 𝑨𝟐𝒄 [ ]
    𝟐
    𝒃𝟐𝒌 𝑨𝟐𝒄 𝒃𝒌 𝑨𝟐𝒄
    = - cos2ωct
    𝟐 𝟐
    𝒃𝟐𝒌 𝑨𝟐𝒄
    The output of LPF is and final output of the comparator
    𝟐
    is 1.
    Case II : Let, both received and delayed signals are not of
    same polarity and they are bk Ac sin ωct and -bk Ac sin ωct.
    Then the output of the balanced modulator =
    -bk Ac sin ωct × bk Ac sin ωct
    = −𝒃𝟐𝒌 𝑨𝟐𝒄 sin2ωc1t
    𝟏−𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐𝛚𝒄 𝐭
    = −𝒃𝟐𝒌 𝑨𝟐𝒄 [ ]
    𝟐
    𝒃𝟐𝒌 𝑨𝟐𝒄 𝒃𝒌 𝑨𝟐𝒄
    =− + cos2ωct
    𝟐 𝟐
    𝒃𝟐𝒌 𝑨𝟐𝒄
    The output of LPF is - and final output of the comparator
    𝟐
    is 0.

    QPSK
    QPSK sends two bits of digital information at a time. Instead
    of the conversion of digital bits into a series of digital stream,
    it converts them into bit pairs.
    QPSK Modulator
    The QPSK Modulator uses a bit-splitter, two multipliers with
    local oscillator, a 2-bit serial to parallel converter, and a
    summer circuit. Following is the block diagram for the same.

    At the modulator’s input, the message signal’s even bits (i.e.,


    2nd bit, 4th bit, 6th bit, etc.) and odd bits (i.e., 1st bit, 3rd bit,
    5th bit, etc.) are separated by the bits splitter and they are
    multiplied with the same carrier to generate odd PSK (called
    as PSKI) and even PSK (called as PSKQ). But the PSKQ carrier
    signal is phase shifted before being modulated.
    The QPSK waveform for two-bits input is as follows, which
    shows the modulated result for different instances of binary
    inputs.

    QPSK can carry information at a rate which is double of that


    of DPSK. It is applied in cable modem, satellite communication
    etc. It selects one of the four possible carrier phase shifts:
    For bit pairs 00, 01,10,11 phase shifts of 0°, 90°,180°, 270° etc
    can be obtained.
    QPSK Demodulator
    The QPSK Demodulator uses two PSK demodulator circuits
    with local oscillator, two low pass filters, two square wave
    generators to obtain the digital data and a 2-bit parallel to
    serial converter. Following is the diagram for the same.

    The two PSK detectors at the input of demodulator


    simultaneously perform the demodulation and the pair of
    bits are recovered here from the original data. These signals
    after processing, are passed to the parallel to serial converter
    and from the output the digital signal can be retrieved.

    ************************

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