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    Radiology Final 6

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    qmal
    This document discusses common errors that can occur when taking dental radiographs. It outlines patient-related errors such as improper positioning, as well as exposure-related errors involving film speed and radiation time. Technical errors are also examined, including reversed film placement, double exposure, film bending, and improper horizontal angulation. Specific techniques like bisecting angle and bitewing views have their own error types as well. Finally, processing errors involving developer concentration, washing, and contamination are covered. In summary, the document provides an overview of errors that can arise at various stages of the radiography process.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Radiology Final 6

    Uploaded by

    qmal
    10 views6 pages
    This document discusses common errors that can occur when taking dental radiographs. It outlines patient-related errors such as improper positioning, as well as exposure-related errors involving film speed and radiation time. Technical errors are also examined, including reversed film placement, double exposure, film bending, and improper horizontal angulation. Specific techniques like bisecting angle and bitewing views have their own error types as well. Finally, processing errors involving developer concentration, washing, and contamination are covered. In summary, the document provides an overview of errors that can arise at various stages of the radiography process.

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    radiology final 6

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    This document discusses common errors that can occur when taking dental radiographs. It outlines patient-related errors such as improper positioning, as well as exposure-related errors involving film speed and radiation time. Technical errors are also examined, including reversed film placement, double exposure, film bending, and improper horizontal angulation. Specific techniques like bisecting angle and bitewing views have their own error types as well. Finally, processing errors involving developer concentration, washing, and contamination are covered. In summary, the document provides an overview of errors that can arise at various stages of the radiography process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    10 views6 pages

    Radiology Final 6

    Uploaded by

    qmal
    This document discusses common errors that can occur when taking dental radiographs. It outlines patient-related errors such as improper positioning, as well as exposure-related errors involving film speed and radiation time. Technical errors are also examined, including reversed film placement, double exposure, film bending, and improper horizontal angulation. Specific techniques like bisecting angle and bitewing views have their own error types as well. Finally, processing errors involving developer concentration, washing, and contamination are covered. In summary, the document provides an overview of errors that can arise at various stages of the radiography process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    Radiology by Osama & Sami paralleling errors

    Some errors occur because of:

    1-patient related preparation problems :

    1-Not setting properly

    2-Not supporting his head

    3- not removing of objects interfering with the x-ray beam- such as glasses, removable prosthetics (mostly)

    (remove before placing the film)

    4-in extraoral film we should remove ear piercing

    2-exposure levels:

    -Amount of radiation is a function of film speed ( D,F….)

    -exposure time depends on area to be radiographed

    -Ex. -Maxilla requires more exposure time than mandible

    -anterior more than posterior+ adults more than young.

    *reversed film: film should be placed behind the area to be radiographed

    The problem with this error is that you might think there is bone loss

    *double exposure: to avoid this error the technician should discard 3 films at

    A time from the label not one by one also to avoid contamination by saliva

    *film bending: caused by crimping film when inserting into slot of bitelock

    Or we bend it to get rid of its sharp angles

    Bending more than it should=cracked crystals=high exposure

    *patient movement: is indicated and abnormal anatomy can be seen

    *This picture shows poor film placement: when

    radiographing a teeth, it need to be in the middle

    of the image

    1|Page
    Radiology by Osama & Sami paralleling errors
    * periapical radio graph must show at least 3mm around the tooth, this radiograph doesn’t show any

    *Cone cutting caused by improper instrument assembly causes

    improper covering of the film

    *horizontal angulation

    Overlap ( incorrect horizontal angulation) which is a very serious mistake

    A non open contact area

    **tipping

    *Bisecting angle technique errors :

    -elongation and shortening: length of image is determined by the angle between the bisecting line and the long axis of
    the teeth 90<= foreshortening 90>=elongation

    -If image is elongated this indicates that the angle is less than it should be and vice versa foe short images

    -This mistake is very serious in endo dentistry Lengthening shortening

    -Mainly seen in bisecting angle technique

    -reversed film

    Film bending due to excessive pressure

    2|Page
    Radiology by Osama & Sami paralleling errors
    Overlap (incorrect horizontal angulation) > 1/4” of film beyond occlusal

    Cone-cutting Black lines: excessive bending (softening)


    of film prior to placement in mouth.

    Double exposure

    Film/patient movement Lead apron/thyroid collar

    Film/patient movement
    3|Page
    Radiology by Osama & Sami paralleling errors
    Bitewing errors:

    bitewing is used to :

    1-Asceses interproximal carries

    2-Class 2 carries

    3-Look for bone and the lamina dura Patient is not biting on the biteblock

    *Errors

    Film placement

    film placement

    Film placement

    Film bending
    Film bending

    single over lab is shown here, technique is ok Horizontal angulation

    Reversed film

    4|Page
    Radiology by Osama & Sami paralleling errors
    *Processing errors :

    1-Dark film :solution being too warm, too much time in the developer,

    developer concentration is to high , light leaks: incorrect filters

    2-Light film :solution too cool, short development time,

    under replenishment( concentration too low/diluted) contaminated developr,

    excessive fixation

    *Heat and processing time both effect the image produced

    The image above shows a

    *radiograph exposed to light :

    1- Dark spots: indicate developer contamination. Might be mistaken with lesions

    2- White spots: indicate fixer contamination or air bubbles in the chemical containers

    3- Yellow/brown stain indicates an inadequate wash for the film or a depleted fixer

    4- Films overlapped during processing

    5- Static electricity creates a tree like appearance

    6- Dirty rollers

    5|Page
    Radiology by Osama & Sami paralleling errors

    6|Page

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