Chapter 1: Introduction to Elec Comm

11. The process of modifying a high 20. A frequency of 27MHz has a

1. Communication is the process of frequency carrier with the information to wavelength of approximately
Ans: exchanging information be transmitted is called Ans: 11m
Ans: modulation
2. Two key barriers to human 21. Radio signals are made up of
communication are 12. The process of transmitting two or Ans: Electric and magnetic fields
Ans: distance and language more information signals simultaneously
over the same channel is called 22. The voice frequency range is
3. Electronic communications was Ans: Multiplexing Ans: 300 to 3000 Hz
discovered in which century?
Ans: 19th 13. Continuous voice or video signals 23. Another name for signals in the HF
are referred to as being range is
4. Which of the following is not a major Ans: Baseband Ans: shortwaves
communications medium?
Ans: Water 14. Recovering information from a 24. Television broadcasting occurs in
carrier is known as which ranges?
5. Random interference to transmitted Ans: Detection Ans: VHF
signals is called
Ans: noise 15. Transmission of graphical 25. Electromagnetic waves produced
information over the telephone network primarily by heat are called
6. The communications medium causes is accomplished by Ans: infrared rays
the signal to be Ans: facsimile
Ans: attenuated 26. A micron is
16. Measuring physical conditions at Ans: One-millionth of a meter
7. Which of the following is not a source some remote location and transmitting
of noise? this data for analysis is the process of 27. The frequency range of infrared rays
Ans: Another communications signal Ans: Telemetry is approximately
Ans: 0.7 to 100μm
8. One-way communications is called 17. Receiving electromagnetic
Ans: simplex emissions from stars is called 28. The approximately wavelength of
Ans: Radio-astronomy red light is
9. Simultaneous two-way Ans: 7000 Ǻ
communications is called 18. A personal communications hobby
Ans: Full duplex for individuals is 29. Which of the following is not used for
Ans: ham radio communications
10. The original electrical information Ans: X-rays
signal to be transmitted is called the 19. Radar is based upon
Ans: Baseband signal Ans: reflected radio signals
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 1
 30. A signal occupies the spectrum 6. The ratio of the peak modulating
space from 1.115 to 1.122 GHz. The signal voltage to the peak carrier voltage 15. Most of the power in an AM signal
bandwidth is is referred to as is the
Ans: 7 MHz Ans: the modulation index Ans: Carrier

31. In the united states, the 7. If m is greater than 1, what 16. An AM signal has a carrier power
electromagnetic spectrum is regulated happens? of 5 W. The percentage of modulation is
and managed by Ans: information signal is distorted 80 percent. The total sideband power is
Ans: FCC Ans: 1.6 W
8. For ideal AM, which of the following
32. For a given bandwidth signal, more is true? 17. For 100 percent modulation, what
channel space is available for signals in Ans: m = 1 percentage of power is in each
the range of sideband?
Ans: EHF 9. The outline of the peaks of a carrier Ans: 25 percent
has the shape of the modulating signal
Chapter 2: AM and SSB Modulation and is called the 18. An AM transmitter has a
Ans: envelop percentage of modulation of 88. The
1. Having an information signal carrier power is 440 W. The power in
change some characteristic of a carrier 10. Overmodulation occurs when one sideband is
signal is called Ans: Vm > Vc Ans: 85 W
Ans: modulation
11. The values of Vmax and Vmin as 19. An AM transmiiter antenna current
2. Which of the following is not true read from an AM wave on an is measured with no modulation and
about AM? oscilloscope are 2.8 and 0.3. The found to be 2.6 A. With modulation, the
Ans: The carrier frequency changes percentage of modulation is current rises to 2.9 A. The percentage of
Ans: 80.6 % modulation is
3. The opposite of modulation is Ans: 70 percent
Ans: Demodulation 12. The new signals produced by
modulation are called 20. What is the carrier power in the
4. The circuit used to produced Ans: sidebands problem above if the antenna resistance
modulation is called a is 75 ohms?
Ans: demodulator 13. A carrier of 880 kHz is modulated Ans: 507 W
by a 3.5 kHz sine wave. The LSB and
5. A modulator circuit performs what USB are, respectively, 21. In an AM signal, the transmitted
mathematical operation on its two Ans: 876.5 and 883.5 kHz information is contained within the
inputs? Ans: sidebands
Ans: Multiplication 14. A display of signal amplitude
versus frequency is called the 22. An AM signal without the carrier is
Ans: frequency domain called a(n)
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Ans: DSB 31. An input signal of 1.8 MHz is mixed
with a local oscillation of 5 MHz. A filter 1. Amplitude modulation is the same
23. What is the minimum AM signal selects the difference signal. The output as
needed to transmit information? is Ans: Analog multiplication
Ans: One sideband Ans: 3.2 MHz
2. In a diode modulator, the negative
24. The main advantage of SSB over 32. The output of an SSB transmitter half of the AM wave is supplied by a(n)
standard AM or DSB is with a 3.85 MHz carrier and a 1.5 kHz Ans: Tuned circuit
Ans: Less spectrum space is used sine wave modulating tone is
Ans: 3.85, 3.8485, and 3.8515 MHz 3. Amplitude modulation can be
25. In SSB, which sideband is the best produced by
to use? 33. An SSB transmitter produces a 400 Ans: Having the carrier vary a resistance
Ans: neither upper or lower V peak-to-peak signal across a 52 ohms
antenna load. The PEP output is 4. Amplitude modulators that vary the
26. The typical audio modulating Ans: 384.5 W carrier amplitude with the modulating
frequency range used in radio and signal by passing it through an
telephone communications is Solution: attenuator work on the principle of
Ans: 300 Hz to 3 kHz 400V Ans: Variable resistance

27. An AM signal with a maximum PEP = 2 2 = 384.5W 5. In Fig. 3-4, D1 is a

52 Ω
modulating signal frequency of 4.5 kHz Ans: Variable resistor
has a total bandwidth of
34. The output power of an SSB
Ans: 9 kHz 6. The component used to produce
transmitter is usually expressed in terms
of AM at very high frequencies is a
28. Distortion of the modulating signal Ans: Varactor
Ans: Peak envelope power
produces harmonics which cause an
increase in the signal 7. Amplitude modulation generated at
35. An SSB transmitter has a PEP
Ans: bandwidth a very low voltage or power amplitude is
rating of 1 kW. The average output
power is in the range of known as
29. The process of translating a signal, Ans: Low-level modulation
Ans: 250 to 333 W
with or without modulation, to a higher
or lower frequency for processing is 8. A collector modulator has a supply
Solution:
called voltage of 48 V. The peak-to-peak
Ans: frequency conversion PEP
Vavg1 = = 333W , amplitude of the modulating signal for
3 100 percent modulation is
30. Frequency translation is carried out PEP Ans: 96 V
by a circuit called a Vavg 2 = = 250W
4
Ans: converter Solution:
Chapter 3: AM Circuits Vmp-p = 2Vc . m = 96 V
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 3
 16. The output of a balanced modulator Ans: phase shift
is
Ans: DSB 23. A balanced modulator used to
9. A collector modulated transmitter demodulate a SSB signal is called a(n)
has a supply voltage of 24 V and a 17. The principal circuit in the popular Ans: converter
collector current of 0.5 A. The modulator 1496/1596 IC balanced modulator is a 24. Frequency translation is done with
power for 100 percent modulation is Ans: Differential amplifier a circuit called a
Ans: 12 W Ans: mixer
18. The most commonly used filter in
Solution: SSB generator uses 25. The inputs to a mixer are fo and fm.
P = VI = 24 x 0.5 = 12 W Ans: RC networks and op-amps In down conversion, which of the
following mixer output signals is
10. The circuit that recovers the 19. The equivalent circuit of a quartz selected
original modulating information from an crystal is a Ans: fo - fm
AM signal is known as a Ans: Series resonant circuit and parallel
Ans: demodulator resonant circuit 26. Mixing for frequency conversion is
the same as
11. The most commonly used 20. A crystal lattice filter has crystal Ans: Liner summing
amplitude demodulator is the frequencies of 27.5 and 27.502 MHz.
Ans: Envelope detector The bandwidth is approximately 27. Which of the following can be used
Ans: 2 kHz as a mixer
12. A circuit that generates the upper Ans: Balanced modulator, FET and
and lower sidebands but no carrier is Solution: Diode modulator
called a(a) BW = f2 – f1 = 27.502MHz–27.5MHz = 2 kHz
Ans: Balanced modulator 28. The desired output from a mixer is
21. An SSB generator has a sideband usually selected with a
13. The inputs to a balanced modulator filter centered at 3.0 MHz. The Ans: Crystal filter
are 1 MHz and a carrier of 1.5 MHz. The modulating signal is 3 kHz. To produce
outputs are both upper and lower sidebands, the 29. The two main inputs to a mixer are
Ans: 500 kHz and 2.5 MHz following carrier frequencies must be the signal to be translated and a signal
produced: from a(n)
14. A widely used balanced modulator Ans: 2997 and 3003 kHz Ans: Local oscillator
is called the
Ans: lattice modulator Solution: 30. An NE602 mixer IC has a
LSB = 3.0 MHz – 3 kHz = 2997 kHz difference output of 10.7 MHz. The input
15. In a diode ring modulator, the USB = 3.0 MHz + 3 kHz = 3003 kHz is 146.8 MHz. The local oscillator
diodes act like 22. In the phasing method of SSB frequency is
Ans: switches generation, one sideband is canceled Ans: 157.5 MHz
out due to
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 4
Solution: 7. In PM, carrier frequency deviation
fo = 146.8 MHz + 10.7 MHz is not proportional to: 13. A 70 kHz carrier has a frequency
Ans: Carrier amplitude and frequency deviation of 4 kHz with a 1000 Hz
signal. How many significant sideband
8. To compensate for increases in pairs are produced?
carrier frequency deviation with an Ans: 7
increase in modulating signal frequency,
what circuit is used between the Solution:
Chapter 4: FM modulating signal and the phase m = 4 000 =4
modulator? 1000
1. The amount of frequency deviation Ans: Low-pass filter By using Bessel’s Table, a
from the carrier center frequency in an modulation index of 4, has 7 significant
FM transmitter is proportional to what 9. The FM produced by PM is called sidebands.
characteristic of the modulating signal? Ans: Indirect FM
Ans: Amplitude 14. What is the bandwidth of the FM
10. If the amplitude of the modulating signal described in question 13 above?
2. Both FM and PM are types of kind signal applied to a phase modulator is Ans: 14 kHz
of modulation? constant, the output signal will be
Ans: Angle Ans: The carrier frequency Solution:
BW = 2Nfmax
3. If the amplitude of the modulating 11. A 100 MHz carrier is deviated 50 BW = 2 (7) (1000) = 14 kHz
signal decreases, the carrier deviation kHz by a 4 kHz signal. The modulation
Ans: decreases index is 15. What is the relative amplitude of
Ans: 12.5 the third pair of sidebands of an FM
4. On an FM signal, maximum signal with m = 6
deviation occurs at what point on the Solution: Ans: 0.11
modulating signal?
16. A 200 kHz carrier is modulated by
Ans: Both positive and negative peak m = 50 000 = 12.5
amplitude 4000 a 2.5 kHz signal. The fourth pair of
sidebands are spaced from the carrier
5. In PM, a frequency shift occurs 12. The maximum deviation of an FM by
while what characteristic of the carrier is 2 kHz by a maximum Ans: 10 kHz
modulating signal is changing? modulating signal of 400 Hz. The
Ans: Amplitude deviation ratio is Solution:
Ans: 5 4th sideband = 4 (2.5 kHz) = 10 kHz
6. Maximum frequency deviation of a
PM signal occurs at Solution: 17. An FM transmitter has a maximum
Ans: Zero crossing points m = 2 000 =5 deviation of 12 kHz and a maximum
400
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 5
 modulating frequency of 12 kHz. The 24. The AM signals generated at a low 3. Increasing the reverse bias on a
bandwidth by Carson’s rule is level may only be amplified by what type varactor diode will cause its capacitance
Ans: 48 kHz of amplifier? Ans: decrease
Ans: Linear
Solution: 4. The capacitance of a varactor
BW = 2 (δmax + fmax) 25. Frequency modulation transmitters diode is in what general range
BW = 2 (12 kHz + 12 kHz) = 48 kHz are more efficient because their power Ans: pF
is increased by what type of amplifier
18. The maximum allowed deviation of Ans: class C 5. In Fig. 5-3, the varactor diode is
the FM sound signal in TV is 25 kHz. If biased by which components?
the actual deviation is 18 kHz, the 26. Noise interferes mainly with Ans: R1, R2
percent modulation is modulating signals that are
Ans: 72% Ans: high frequencies 6. In Fig. 5-3, if the reverse bias on D1
27. Pre-emphasis circuits boost what is reduced, the resonant frequency of C1
Solution: modulating frequencies before Ans: decreases
modulation?
Ans: high frequencies 7. The frequency change of a crystal
m = 18 000 = 0.72
25000 oscillator produced by a varactor diode
28. A pre-emphasis circuit is a is
19. Which of the following is not a Ans: high pass filter Ans: small
major benefit of FM over AM?
Ans: Lower complexity and cost 29. Pre-emphasis is compensated for 8. A phase modulator varies the
at the receiver by phase shift of the
20. The primary disadvantage of FM is Ans: low-pass filter Ans: carrier
its
Ans: Excessive use of spectrum space 30. The cut-off frequency of pre- 9. The widest phase variation is
emphasis and de-emphasis circuits is obtained with a(n)
21. Noise is primarily Ans: 2.122 kHz Ans: LC resonant circuit
Ans: High frequency spikes
10. In Fig. 5-7, R4 is the
22. The receiver circuit that rids FM of Chapter 5: FM Circuits Ans: deviation control
noise is the
Ans: Limiter 1. Another name for a VVC is 11. The small frequency change
Ans: varactor diode produced by a phase modulator can be
23. The phenomenon of a strong FM increased by using a(n)
signal dominating a weaker signa on a 2. The depletion region in a junction Ans: frequency multiplier
common frequency is referred to as the diode forms what part of a capacitor
Ans: capture effect Ans: dielectric

©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 6
 12. A crystal oscillator whose 26. Decreasing the input frequency to a
frequency can be changed by an input 21. A reactance modulator looks like a locked PLL will cause the VCO output to
voltage is called a(n) capacitance of 35 pF in parallel with the Ans: jump to the free-running frequency
Ans: VXO oscillator-tuned circuit whose inductance
is 50 μH and capacitance is 40 pF. What 27. The range of frequencies over
13. Which oscillators are preferred for is the center frequency of the oscillator which a PLL will track input signal
carrier generators because of their good prior to FM? variations is known as the
frequency stability? Ans: 206 MHz Ans: lock range
Ans: crystal
Solution: 28. The band of frequencies over
14. Which of the following frequency which a PLL will acquire or recognize an
demodulators requires an input limiter? input signal is called the
f= 1
Ans: Foster-Seeley discriminator 2Π LC Ans: capture range
CT = 35 pF + 40 pF =75 pF
15. Which discriminator averages 1 29. Over a narrow range of
pulses in a low-pass filter? f= = 2.6MHz frequencies, the PLL acts like a
Ans: Quadrature detector 2Π (50 µH)(75pF) Ans: Bandpass filter

16. Which frequency demodulator is 22. Which of the following is true about 30. The output of a PLL frequency
considered the best overall? the NE566 IC? demodulator is taken from
Ans: PLL Ans: it is a VCO Ans: low-pass filter

17. In Fig. 5-8, the voltage at point A 23. An FM demodulator that uses a
when the input frequency is below the differential amplifier and tuned circuits to Chapter 6: Radio Transmitters
FM center frequency is convert frequency variations into voltage
Ans: positive variations is the 1. Which of the following circuits is not
Ans: Differential peak detector typically part of every radio transmitter?
18. In Fig. 5-8, R3 and C6 form which Ans: mixer
kind of circuit? 24. The output amplitude of the phase
Ans: De-emphasis detector in a quadrature detector is 2. Class C amplifiers are not used in
proportional to which type of transmitter?
19. In Fig. 5-10, the voltage across C6 Ans: pulse width Ans: SSB
is
Ans: directly proportional to frequency 25. The input to a PLL is 2 MHz. In 3. A circuit that isolates the carrier
deviation order for the PLL to be locked, the VCO oscillator from load changes is called a
output must be Ans: buffer amplifier
20. In a pulse averaging discriminator, Ans: 2 MHz
the pulses are produced by a(n)
Ans: zero crossing detector
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 7
 4. A class B amplifier conducts for 18. A class C amplifier has a supply
how many degrees of an input sine 12. Maximum power transfer occurs voltage of 24 V and a collector current of
wave? when what relationship exists between 2.5 A. Its efficiency is 80 %. The RF
Ans: 180o the generator impedance ZI and the load output power is
impedance Zl? Ans: 48
5. Bias for a class C amplifier Ans: Zi = Zl
produced by an input RC network is Solution:
known as 13. Which of the following is not a @ 100 %:
Ans: signal bias benefit of a toroid RF inductor? P100 = VI = 60 W
Ans: Self-supporting @ 80 %:
6. An FM transmitter has a 9 MHz P80 = 0.8 P100
crystal carrier oscillator and frequency 14. A toroid is a P80 = 0.8 (60) = 48 W
multipliers of 2, 3, 4. The output Ans: Magnetic core
frequency is 19. Which of the following is not a
Ans: 216 MHz 15. Which of the following is not benefit of speech-processing circuits?
commonly used for impedance matching Ans: improved frequency stability
Solution in a transmitter?
f = 9 MHz x 2 x 3 x 4 = 216 MHz Ans: Resistive attenuator 20. In an AM transmitter, a clipper
circuit eliminates
7. The most efficient RF power 16. To a match a 6 Ω amplifier Ans: splatter
amplifier is which class amplifier? impedance to a 72 Ω antenna load, a
Ans: C transformer must have a turns ration 21. In a speech-processing circuit, a
NP/NS of low-pass filter prevents
8. Collector current in a class C Ans: 0.289 Ans: excessive signal bandwidth
amplifier is a
Ans: Pulse Solution: 22. The gain of a transistor amplifier is
Ans: directly proportional to collector
9. The maximum power of typical NP = ZP current
transistor RF power amplifiers is in what Ns ZS
range? 23. What values of L and C in an L
Ans: Hundreds of watts NP = 6 network are required to match a 10 Ω
= 0.289
Ns 72 transistor amplifier impedance to a 50 Ω
10. Self-oscillation in a transistor load at 27 MHz?
amplifier is usually caused by Ans: L = 118 nH, C = 236 pF
Ans: internal capacitance 17. Impedance matching in a
broadband linear RF amplifier is
handled with a(n) Solution:
11. Neutralization is the process of
Ans: cancelling the effect of internal Ans: balun XL = R1R2 − R12
device capacitance XL= 2πfL
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC ND
COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 EDITION - FRENZEL 8
 2 Ans: 5.38
XL = (10)(50) − 10 = 20Ω Solution:
XL IF = fo – fs = 59 MHz – 50 MHz = 9 MHz Solution:
L= = 117.89nH ≅ 118nH Shape factor = 60 dB BW / 6 dB BW
2π (27M) Shape factor = 14 kHz / 2.6 kHz = 5.38
7. A signal 2 times the IF away from
R1R2 = 10(50) = 25 the desired signal that causes
XC = 20 interference is referred to as a(n) 13. Most internal noise comes from
XL Ans: Image Ans: thermal agitation
1 1
C= = = 235.78pF
2πf XC 2π (27M)(25) 8. A receiver has a desired input 14. Which of the following is not a
signal of 18 MHz and an LO frequency source of external noise
of 19.6 MHz. The image frequency is Ans: thermal agitation
Ans: 21.2 MHz
Chapter 7: Communications Receivers
15. Noise can be reduced by
Solution: Ans: narrowing the BW
1. The simplest receiver is a(n)
IF = 19.6 MHz – 18 MHz = 1.6 MHz
Ans: tuned circuit
fsi = fs + 2IF
fsi = 18 MHz + 2 (1.6 MHz) 16. Noise at the input to a receiver can
2. The key conceptual circuit in a
fsi = 21.2 MHz be as high as several
superhet receiver is the Ans: microvolts
Ans: mixer
9. The main cause of image
interference is 17. Which circuit contributes most to
3. Most of the gain and selectivity in a the noise in a receiver?
Ans: Poor front-end selectivity
superhet is obtained in the Ans: mixer
Ans: IF amplifier
10. For best image rejection, the IF for
a 30 MHz signal would be 18. Which noise figure represents the
4. The sensitivity of a receiver lowest noise
Ans: 55 MHz
depends upon the receiver’s overall Ans: 1.6 dB (smallest value)
Ans: Gain
11. A tuned circuit is resonant at 4
MHz. Its Q is 100. The bandwidth is 19. Which filter shape factor represents
5. The ability of a receiver to separate the best skirt selectivity?
Ans: 40 kHz
one signal from others on closely Ans: 1.6 (smallest value)
adjacent frequencies is called the
Solution:
Ans: selectivity 20. Which input signal below
BW = fr / Q = 4 MHz / 100 = 40 kHz
represents the best receiver sensitivity?
6. A mixer has a signal input of 50
12. A crystal filter has a 6 dB Ans: 0.5 μV
MHz and an LO frequency of 59 MHz.
bandwidth of 2.6 kHz and a 60 dB
The IF is
bandwidth of 14 kHz. The shape factor 21. Transistor with the lowest noise
Ans: 9 MHz
is figure in the microwave region is a(n)
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 9
Ans: MESFET Ans: SSB or CW Q = fr / BW = 8

22. The AGC circuits usually control 31. Which of the following circuits are 38. The noise voltage across a 300 Ω
the gain of the not typically shared in an SSB input resistance to a TV set with a 6
Ans: IF amplifier transceiver? MHz bandwidth and a temperature of
Ans: mixers 30oC is
23. Selectivity is obtained in most Ans: 5.5 μV
receivers from 32. The basic frequency synthesizer
Ans: double-tuned circuits circuit is a(n) Solution:
Ans: PLL V = 4kTBWR
24. Widest bandwidth in a double-
tuned circuit is obtained with 33. The output frequency increment of V = 4k(273 + 30)(6 MHz)(300)
Ans: overcoupling a frequency synthesizer is determined Where k = 1.3806503 x 10-23-
by the V = 5.5 μV
25. Automatic gain control permits a Ans: reference input to the phase
wide range of signal amplitudes to be detector 39. The stage gains in a
accommodated by controlling the gain of superheterodyne are follows RF
the 34. The output of the frequency amplifier, 10dB; mixer, 6dB; two IF
Ans: IF amplifier synthesizer is changed by varying the amplifiers, each 33 dB; detector, -4 dB;
Ans: frequency division ratio AF amplifier, 28 dB. The total gain is
Ans: 106
26. In an IF amplifier with reverse 35. In Fig 7-28, if the input reference is
AGC, a strong signal will cause the 25 kHz and the divide ratio is 144, the Solution:
collector current to VCO output frequency GT = G1 + G2 + .. + Gn
Ans: decrease Ans: 3.6 MHz GT = 10 + 6 + 33 + 33 + -4 + 28 = 106 dB

27. Usually AGC voltage is derived by 36. The bandwidth of a parallel LC 40. A tuned circuit resonates at 12
the circuit can be increased by MHz with an inductance of 5 μH whose
Ans: demodulator Ans: decreasing XL resistance is 6 Ω. The circuit bandwidth
is
28. An AFC circuit is used to correct for 37. The upper and lower cutoff Ans: 191 kHz
Ans: frequency drift in the LO frequencies of a tuned circuit are 1.7
and 1.5 MHz respectively. The circuit Q Solution:
29. A circuit keeps the audio cut off is XL = 2πfL = 2π(12 MHz)( 5 μH) = 376.99
until a signal is received is known as Ans: 8 Q = XL / R = 376.99 / 6 = 62.83
Ans: a squelch BW = fr / Q = 12 MHz / 62.83 = 190.99 kHz
Solution:
30. A BFO is used in the demodulation BW = 1.7 MHz – 1.5 MHz = 200 kHz
of which types of signals? fr = 1.5 MHz + (200 kHz / 2) = 100 kHz
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 10
 41. In a receiver with noise-derived Ans: SSB 18. Pulse-amplitude modulation signals
squelch, the presence of an audio signal are multiplexed by using
causes the audio amplifier to be 10. The FDM telephone systems Ans: FET switches
Ans: enabled accommodate many channels by
Ans: using multiple levels of 19. In PAM demultiplexing, the receiver
multiplexing clock is derived from
Chapter 8: Multiplexing Ans: The PAM signal itself
11. In FM stereo broadcasting, the L +
1. Multiplexing is the process of R signal 20. In PAM/TDM system, keeping the
Ans: sending multiple signals Ans: modulates the FM carrier multiplexer and DEMUX channels step
simultaneously over a single channel with one another is done by a
12. In FM stereo broadcasting, the L – Ans: Sync pulse
2. In FDM, multiple signals R signal
Ans: share a common bandwidth Ans: DSB modulates a subcarrier 21. Transmitting data as serial binary
words is called
3. Each signal in a an FDM system 13. The SCA signal if used in FM Ans: PCM
Ans: modulates a subcarrier broadcasting is transmitted via
Ans: A 67 kHz subcarrier 22. Converting analog signals to digital
4. Frequency modulation in FDM is done by sampling and
systems is usually accomplished with a 14. In TDM, multiple signals Ans: Quantizing
Ans: VCO Ans: take turns transmitting
23. A quantizer is a(n)
5. Which of the following is not a 15. In TDM, each signal may use he Ans: A/D converter
typical FDM application full bandwidth of the channel
Ans: secure communications Ans: True 24. Emphasizing low-level signals and
compressing higher-level signals is
6. The circuit the performs 16. Sampling an analog signal called
demultiplexing in an FDM system is a(n) produces Ans: Companding
Ans: Bandpass filter Ans: PAM
25. Which of the following is not a
7. Most FDM telemetry systems use 17. The maximum bandwidth that an benefit of companding?
Ans: FM analog signal use with a sampling Ans: Minimizes signal bandwidth
frequency of 108 kHz is
8. The best frequency demodulator is Ans: 54 kHz 26. A telephone system using TDM
the and PCM is called
Ans: PLL discriminator Solution: Ans: T-1
fn = fb / 2 = 108 kHz / 2 = 54 kHz
9. The modulation used in FDM
telephone systems is
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 11
 27. An IC that contains A/D and D/A 5. The mismatch between antenna Vmax - Vmin 390 - 260
converters, companders and parallel-to- and transmission line impedances | Γ |= = = 0.2
Vmax + Vmin 390 + 260
serial converters is called cannot be corrected for by
Ans: Codec Ans: Adjusting the length of
1 + | Γ | 1 + 0.2
transmission line SWR = = = 1.5
28. Pulse-code modulation is preferred 1 − | Γ | 1 − 0.2
to PAM because of its 6. A pattern of voltage and current
Ans: Superior noise immunity variations along a transmission line not 12. Three feet is one wavelength at a
terminated in its characteristic frequency of
impedance is called Ans: 328 MHz
Chapter 9: Antennas and Transmission Ans: Standing waves
lines 13. At very high frequencies,
7. The desirable SWR on a transmission lines are used as
1. The most commonly used transmission line is Ans: Tuned Circuits
transmission line is a Ans: 1
Ans: Coax 14. A shorted quarter-wave line at the
8. A 50 Ω coax is connected to a 73 Ω operating frequency acts like a(n)
2. The characteristic impedance of a antenna. The SWR is Ans: Parallel Resonant
transmission line does not depend upon Ans: 1.46
its 15. A shorted half-wave line at the
Ans: none of the above Solution: operating frequency acts like a(n)
If RL > ZO : Ans: Series Resonant Circuit
Choices were: SWR = RL / ZO = 73 / 50 = 1.46
16. A popular half-wavelength antenna
Length, Conductor Diameter and 9. The most desirable reflection is the
Conductor spacing coefficient is Ans: Dipole
Ans: 0
3. Which of the following is not a 17. The length of a doublet at 27 MHz
common transmission line impedance? 10. A ratio expressing the percentage is
Ans: 120 Ω of incident voltage reflected on a Ans: 17.33 ft
transmission line is know as the
4. For maximum absorption of power Ans: Reflection coefficient Solution:
at the antenna, the relationship between 468 468
11. The minimum voltage along a
L= = = 17.33ft.
the characteristic impedance of the line 27
transmission line is 260 V, while the f MHz
ZO and the load impedance Zl should be
Ans: ZO = Zl maximum voltage is 390 V. The SWR is
Ans: 1.5 18. A popular vertical antenna is the
Ans: Ground plane
Solution:
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 12
 19. The magnetic field of an antenna is 27. Conductors in multielement 34. Ground-wave communications is
perpendicular to the earth. The antennas that do not receive energy most effective in what frequency range?
antenna’s polarization directly from the transmission line are Ans: 300 kHz to 3 MHz
Ans: is horizontal known as
Ans: Parasitic elements 35. The ionosphere causes radio
20. An antenna that transmits or signals to be
receives equally well in all directions is 28. A coax has an attenuation of 2.4 db Ans: refracted
said to be per 100 ft. The attenuation for 275 ft is
Ans: Omnidirectional Ans: 6.6 db 36. The ionosphere has its greatest
effect on signals in what frequency
21. The horizontal radiation pattern of a Solution: range?
dipole is a 2.4db Ans: 3 to 30 MHz
Ans: figure of 8 A dB = 100 ft × 275 = 6.6dB
37. The type of radio wave responsible
22. the length of a ground plane for long-distance communications by
29. An antenna has a power gain of 15.
vertical at 146 MHz is multiple skips is the
The power applied to the antenna is 32
Ans: 1.6 ft Ans: Skywave
W. The effective radiated power is
Ans: 480 W
Solution: 38. Microwave signals propagate by
L 468 468 way of the
= = = 1.6ft. Solution:
Ans: Direct wave
2 2 f MHz 2(146) P = GTPT = (15)(32) = 480 W
39. The line-of-sight communications is
23. The impedance of a dipole is about 30. Which beamwidth represents the
not a factor in which frequency range?
Ans: 73 Ω best antenna directivity
Ans: HF
Ans: 7O
24. A direction antenna with two or 40. A microwave-transmitting antenna
more elements is known as a(n) 31. The radiation pattern of collinear
is 550 ft high. The receiving antenna is
Ans: Array and broadside antennas
200 ft high. The maximum transmission
Ans: Bidirectional
distance is
25. The horizontal radiation pattern o a Ans: 53.2 mi.
vertical dipole is 32. Which antenna has a unidirectional
Ans: circle radiation pattern and gain
Solution:
Ans: Yagi
d = 2 ht + 2 hr
26. In a Yagi antenna, maximum
direction of radiation is toward the 33. A wide-bandwidth multielement
driven array is the d = 2(550 ) + 2(400) = 53.16mi
Ans: Director
Ans: Log-periodic 41. To increase the transmission
distance of a UHF signal, which of the
following should be done?
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 13
Ans: Increase antenna height Ans: Federal Communications 10. A waveguide has a cutoff
Commission frequency of 17 GHz. Which of the
42. A coax has a velocity factor of 0.68. signals will not be passed by the
What is the length of a half wave at 30 3. Which of the following is not a waveguide?
MHz? disadvantage of microwaves? Ans: 15 GHz
Ans: 11.2 ft Ans: higher-cost equipment
11. Signal propagation in a waveguide
Solution: 4. Which of the following is a is by
microwave frequency Ans: Electric and magnetic fields
λ Vp c Vf (300)(0.68 )f Ans: 22 GHz
= = = = 3.4m 12. When the electric field in a
2 2fMHz 2fMHz 2(30) waveguide is perpendicular to the
5. Which of the following is not a
λ 3.28ft common microwave application? direction of wave propagation, the mode
= 3.4m × = 11.152ft is said to be
2 1m Ans: mobile radio
Ans: Transverse electric
43. Which transmission line has the 6. Coaxial cable is not widely used for
lowest attenuation? long microwave transmission lines 13. The dominant mode in most
Ans: Twin lead because of its waveguides is
Ans: high loss Ans: TE0,1
44. Refer to Fig. 9-39. The beam width
of this antenna patter is approximately 7. Stripline and microstrip 14. A magnetic field is introduced into a
Ans: 60o transmission lines are usually made with waveguide by a
Ans: PCBs Ans: Probe
45. A receiver-transmitter station used
to increase the communications range 8. The most common cross section of 15. A half-wavelength, closed section
of VHF, UHF, and microwave signals is a wave guide is a of a waveguide that acts as a parallel
called a(n) Ans: rectangular resonant circuit is known as a(n)
Ans: Repeater Ans: Cavity resonator
9. A rectangular waveguide has a
width of 1 in. and a height of 0.6 in. Its 16. Decreasing the volume of a cavity
Chapter 10: Microwave Techniques cutoff frequency is causes its resonant frequency to
Ans: 5.9 GHz Ans: Increase
1. The main benefit of using
microwaves is Solution: 17. A popular microwave mixer diode is
Ans: More spectrum space 1 in = 0.0254 m the
c 3 × 10 8 m/s Ans: Gunn
f= = = 5.9GH z
2. Radio communications are 2Width 2(0.0254)
regulated in the United States by the 18. Varactor and step-recovery diodes
are widely used in what type of circuit
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 14
Ans: Frequency multiplier Ans: Radar Ans: 53o

19. Which diode is a popular 29. In a TWT, the electron beam is Solution:
microwave oscillator density-modulated by a 80 80
Ans: Gunn Ans: Helix G= = = 53.33 o
w/λ w
20. Which type of diode does not 30. The main advantage of a TWT over  3 × 10 8 
 
ordinarily operate with reverse bias a klystron for microwave amplification is
 5 × 10
9

Ans: Tunnel Ans: Wider bandwidth

21. Low-power Gunn diodes are 31. High-power TWTs are replacing 36. The diameter of a parabolic
replacing what in microwave amplifiers? reflector should be at least how many
Ans: Reflex klystrons Ans: klystrons wavelengths at the operating
frequency?
22. Which of the following is not a Ans: 10
32. The most widely used microwave
microwave tube? antenna is a
Ans: Cathode-ray tube 37. The point where the antenna is
Ans: horn antenna
mounted with respect to the parabolic
23. In a klystron amplifier, velocity reflector is called
33. What happens when a horn
modulation of the electron beam is Ans: Focal point
antenna is made longer?
produced by the Ans: Gain increases
Ans: Buncher cavity 38. Using a small reflector to beam
waves to the larger parabolic reflector is
34. A pyramidal horn used at 5 GHz
24. A reflex klystron is used as a(n) known as
has an aperture that is 7 by 9 cm. The
Ans: Oscillator Ans: Cassegrain feed
gain is about
Ans: 10.5 db
25. For proper operation, a magnetron 39. Increasing the diameter of a
must be accompanied by a Solution: parabolic reflector causes which of the
Ans: Permanent magnet following
 (7)(9) 
4π (0.5 )  Ans: Decreasing beamwidth and
26. The operating frequency of 4πA  10000  increasing gain
G= 2 = 2
= 10.9956
klystrons and magnetrons is set by the λ  3 × 10 8 
Ans: Cavity resonator  
9 
40. A helical antenna is made up of a
 5 × 10  coil and a
27. A magnetron is used only as a(n) GdB = 10 log 10.9956 = 10.41 dB Ans: Reflector
Ans: oscillator
35. Given the frequency and 41. The output of a helical antenna is
28. A common application for dimensions in Question 34 above the Ans: Circularly polarized
magnetrons is in beamwidth is about
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 15
 42. A common omnidirectional 18. The satellite communications
microwave antenna is the 9. The maximum height of an elliptical channels in a transponder are defined
Ans: Bicone orbit is called by the
Ans: Apogee Ans: Bandpass filter
19. The HPAs in most satellites are
Chapter 11: Introduction to Sat-Com 10. Batteries are used to power all Ans: Klystrons
satellite subsystems
1. As the height of a satellite orbit Ans: During eclipse periods 20. The physical location of a satellite
gets lower, the speed of the satellite is determined by its
Ans: Increases 11. The satellite subsystem that Ans: Latitude and longtitude
monitors and controls the satellite is the
2. The main functions of a Ans: Telemetry, tracking and command 21. The receive GCE system in an
communications satellite is a a(a) subsystem earth station performs what function(s)
Ans: Repeater Ans: Demodulation and demultiplexing
12. The basic technique used to
3. The key electronic component in a stabilize a satellite is 22. Which of the following types of
communications satellite is the Ans: Spin HPA is not used in earth stations
Ans: Transponder Ans: Magnetron
13. The jet thrusters are usually fired to
4. A circular orbit around the equator Ans: Maintain altitude 23. A common up-converter and down-
with a 24 h period is called a(n) converter IF is
Ans: Geostationary orbit 14. Most commercial satellite activity Ans: 70 MHz
occurs in which bands?
5. A satellite stays in orbit because Ans: C and Ku 24. The type of modulation used on
the following 2 factor are balanced voice and video signals is
Ans: Gravitational pull and inertia 15. How can multiple earth stations Ans: FM
share a satellite on the same frequency
6. The height of a satellite in a Ans: Frequency reuse 25. The modulation normally used with
synchronous equatorial orbit is digital data is
Ans: 22300 mi 16. The typical bandwidth of a satellite Ans: QPSK
band is
7. Most satellites operate in which Ans: 500 MHz 26. Which of the following is not a
frequency band? typical output from a GPS receiver?
Ans: 3 GHz to 30 GHz 17. Which of the following is not usually Ans: Speed
a part of a transponder
8. The main power sources for a Ans: Modulator
satellite are ----------------------------------------------------------
Ans: Solar cells Chapter 12: Data Communications

©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 16
 1. Data communications refer to the Ans: they are converted to analog first. 20. A QAM modulator does not use
transmission of a(n)
Ans: Voice, Video, and Computer data 11. Start and stop bits, respectively, Ans: XNOR
are
2. Data communications uses Ans: Space and mark 21. A rule or procedure that defines
Ans: Digital methods how data is to be transmitted is called
12. Which of the following is correct? a(n)
3. Which of the following is not Ans: The bit rate may be greater than the Ans: Protocol
primarily a type of data communications baud rate
Ans: Teletype 22. A popular PC protocol is
13. A modem converts Ans: Xmodem
4. The main reason that serial Ans: both analog signals to digital and
transmission is preferred to parallel digital signals to analog signals 23. A synchronous transmission
transmission is that usually begins with which character?
Ans: Serial requires multiple channels 14. Slow-speed modems use Ans: SYN
Ans: FSK
5. Mark and space refer respectively 24. The characters making up the
to 15. A carrier recovery circuit is not message in a synchronous transmission
Ans: Binary 1 and binary 0 needed with are collectively referred to as a data
Ans: DPSK Ans: Block
6. The number of amplitude,
frequency, or phase changes that take 16. The basic modulator and 25. Bit errors in data transmission are
place per second is known ad the demodulator circuits in PSK are usually cause by
Ans: Baud rate Ans: Balanced modulators Ans: Noise

7. Data transmission of one character 17. The carrier used with a BPSK 26. Which of the following is not a
at a time with start and stop bits is demodulator is commonly used method of error
known as what type of transmission? Ans: The BPSK signal itself detection?
Ans: Asynchronous Ans: Redundancy
18. A 9600 baud rate signal can pass
8. The most widely used data over the voice-grade telephone line if 27. Which of the following words has
communications code is which kind of modulation is used? the correct parity bit? Assume odd
Ans: ASCII Ans: QAM parity. The last bit is the parity bit
Ans: 1100110 1
9. The ASCII code has 19. Quadrature amplitude modulation
Ans: 7 bits is 28. Another name for parity is
Ans: AM plus QPSK Ans: Vertical redundancy check
10. Digital signals may be transmitted
over the telephone network if
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 17
 29. Ten bit errors occur in two million Ans: Star C = 2BWlog 2M
transmitted. The bit error rate is
C = 2(36MHz) (log 2 (16)) = 288 Mbits/s
Ans: 5 x 10-6 38. A small telephone switching system
that can be used as a LAN is called a
Solution: Ans: PBX 45. What is the bandwidth required to
10 transmit at a rate of 10Mbits/s in the
e= = 5 × 10 −6 39. Which medium is the least presence of a 28-db S/N ratio?
2 × 10 6
Ans: 1.075 MHz
susceptible to noise?
Ans: Fiber-optic cable
30. The building block of a parity or Solution:
BCC generator is a(n) C = BW log2(1+S/N)
40. Which medium is the most widely
Ans: XOR S/NdB = 10 log (S/N)
used in LANs?
S 
Ans: Twisted pair  
31. A longitudinal redundancy check  N dB 
 10 
produces a(n) S  
41. Transmitting the data signal directly = 10  
= 630.96
Ans: Block check character
over the medium is referred to as N
32. Dividing the data block by a
Ans: Baseband 10Mbits/s
BW = = 1.075MHz
constant produces a remainder that is log 2 (1 + 630.96 )
42. The techniques of using modulation
used for error detection. It is called the
and FDM to transmit multiple data
Ans: CRC 46. Which circuit is common to bot
channels of a common medium is
known as frequency-hopping and direct-sequence
33. A CRC generator uses which SS transmitters?
Ans: Broadband
components? Ans: Frequency of operation
Ans: Shift register
43. What is the minimum bandwidth
required to transmit a 56 kbits/s binary 47. Spread spectrum stations sharing a
34. Which of the following is not a band are identified by and distinguished
signal with no noise?
LAN? from one another by
Ans: 28 kHz
Ans: Cable TV system Ans: PSN code
Solution:
35. The fastest LAN topology is the 48. The type of modulation most often
BW = fb/2 = 56 kbits/2 = 28 kHz
Ans: Bus used with direct-sequence SS is
44. Sixteen different levels (symbols) Ans: PSK
36. Which is not a common LAN
are used to encode binary data. The
medium? 49. The main circuit in a PSN
channel bandwidth is 36 MHz. The
Ans: Twin Lead generator is a(n)
maximum channel capacity is
Ans: 288 Mbits/s Ans: XOR
37. A mainframe computer connected
to multiple terminals and PCs usually
Solution
uses which configuration?
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 18
 50. To a conventional narrowband Ans: dB/km Ans: 400 to 750 nm
receiver, an SS signal appears to be like
Ans: Noise 6. Which cable length has the highest 15. The speed of light is
attenuation? Ans: 300,000,000 m/s
51. Which of the following is not a Ans: 2 km
benefit of SS? 16. Refraction is the
Ans: Noise proof 7. The upper pulse rate and Ans: Bending of light waves
information-carrying capacity of a cable
52. Spread spectrum is a form of is limited by 17. The ratio of the speed of light in air
multiplexing Ans: Attenuation to the speed of light in another
Ans: true substance is called the
Ans: Index of refraction
53. The most critical and difficult part of 8. The core of a fiber-optic cable is 18. A popular light wavelength in fiber-
receiving a direct-sequence SS signal is made of optic cable is
Ans: Synchronism Ans: Glass Ans: 1.3 μm

9. The core of a fiber-optic cable is 19. Which type of fiber-optic cable is

Chapter 13: Fiber Optic Communications surrounded by the most widely used?
Ans: Cladding Ans: Multimode step-index
1. Which of the following is not a
common application of fiber-optic cable? 10. The speed of light in plastic 20. Which type of fiber-optic cable is
Ans: Consumer TV compared to the speed of light in air is best for very high speed data?
Ans: Less Ans: Single mode step-index
2. Total internal reflection takes place
if the light ray strikes the interface at an 11. Which of the following is not a 21. Which type of fiber-optic cable has
angle with what relationship to the major benefit of fiber-optic cable? the least modal dispersion?
critical angle? Ans: Lower cost Ans: Single mode step-index
Ans: greater than
12. The main benefit of light-wave 22. Which of the following is not a
3. The operation of a fiber-optic cable communications over microwaves or factor in cable light loss?
is based on the principle of any other communications media are Ans: Reflection
Ans: Reflection Ans: Wider bandwidth
23. A distance of 8 km is the same as
4. Which of the following is not a 13. Which of the following is not part of Ans: 5 mi
common type of fiber-optic cable? the optical spectrum
Ans: Single-mode grade-index Ans: X-rays 24. A fiber-optic cable has a loss of 15
db/km. The attenuation in a cable 1000ft
5. Cable attenuation is usually 14. The wavelength of visible light long is
expressed in terms of extends from Ans: 4.57 dB
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 19
 5. Group 2 fax uses which
Solution: 33. Photodiodes operate properly with modulation?
1000ft = 0.3048 km Ans: Reverse bias Ans: Vestigial sideband AM
σ = 15 × 0.3048 = 4.57dB
34. The product of the bit rate and 6. The most widely used fax standard
25. Fiber-optic with attenuations of 1.8, distance of a fiber-optic system is is
3.4, 5.9 and 18 dB are linked together. 2Gbits-km/s. What is the maximum rate Ans: Group 3
The total loss is at 5 km?
Ans: 29.1 dB Ans: 400 Mbits/s 7. Group 3 fax uses which
modulation?
Solution: Solution: Ans: QAM
LossT = 1.8 + 3.4 + 5.9 + 18 = 29.1 dB 20 Gbits - km/s
Ratemax = = 400bits/s 8. Most fax printers are of which type?
5 km
26. Which light emitter is preferred for Ans: Thermal
high-speed data in a fiber-optic system? 35. Which fiber-optic system is better?
Ans: Laser 9. Facsimile standards are set by the
Ans: 3 repeaters
Ans: CCITT
27. Most fiber-optic light sources emit
light in which spectrum? 10. What type of graphics is commonly
Chapter 14: Modern Comm Apps
Ans: Visible transmitted by radio fax?
Ans: Satellite weather photos
1. Printed documents to be
28. Both LEDs and ILDs operate
transmitted by fax are converted into a 11. The transmission speed of group 4
correctly with
baseband electrical signal by the
Ans: Forward bias fax is
process of Ans: 56 kbits/s
Ans: Scanning
29. Single-frequency light is called
Ans: Monochromatic 12. The master control center for a
2. The most commonly used light cellular telephone system is the
sensor in a modern fax machine is a Ans: Mobile telephone switching office
30. Laser light is very bright because it
Ans: Charge coupled device
is
Ans: Coherent 13. Each cell site contains a
3. In FM fax, the frequencies for black Ans: Repeater
and white are
31. Which of the following is not a
Ans: 1500 and 2300 Hz
common detector? 14. Multiple cells within an area may
Ans: Photovoltaic diode use the same channel frequencies
4. Which resolution produces the best Ans: True
quality fax?
32. Which of the following is the fastest
Ans: 400 lines per inch
light sensor? 15. Cellular telephones use which type
Ans: Avalanche photodiode of operation?
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 20
Ans: Full-duplex Solution: 1 1
fLO = fr + IF PRT = = = 5.405ms
PRF 185
16. The maximum frequency deviation fLO = 872.4 MHz + 82.2 MHz
PWT
of an FM cellular transmitter is fLO = 954.6 MHz Duty Cycle =
Ans: 12 kHz PRT
21. The output power of a cellular radio
17. The maximum output power of a is controlled by the 600ns
cellular transmitter is Ans: MTSO Duty Cycle = × 100 = 0.0111
5.405ms
Ans: 3 W
22. When the signal from a mobile 27. The Doppler effect is used to
18. Receive channel 22 is 870.66 MHz. cellular unit drops below a certain level, produce modulation of which type of
Receive channel 23 is what action occurs? radar signal?
Ans: 870.69 MHz Ans: The unit is “handed off” to a closer Ans: CW (Continuous-wave)
cell
Solution: 28. The Doppler Effect allows which
fCH 23 = fCH 22 + 30 kHz* 23. In a cellular radio, the duplexer is a characteristics of a target to be
fCH 23 = 870.66 MHz + 30 kHz Ans: Pair of sharp bandpass filter measured?
fCH 23 = 870.69 MHz Ans: Speed
*in cellular radio systems, receive channels 24. The time from the transmission of a
are spaced 30 kHz apart radar pulse to its reception is 0.12 ms. 29. The Doppler Effect is a change in
The distance to the target is how many what signal characteristic produced by
19. A transmit channel has a frequency nautical miles? relative motion between the radar set
of 837.6 MHz. The receive channel Ans: 9.7 nmi and a target?
frequency is
Ans: Frequency
Ans: 882.6 MHz Solution:
T 120μ2 30. The most widely used radar
Solution: D= = = 9.7nmi
12.36 12.36 transmitter component is a
freceive = ftransmit + 45 MHz*
Ans: Magnetron
freceive = 837.6 MHz + 45 MHz
freceive = 882.6 MHz 25. The ability of a radar to determine
*in cellular radio systems, the transmit and the bearing to a target depends upon 31. Low-power radar transmitters and
receive frequencies are spaced 30 kHz apart the receiver LOs use which component?
Ans: Antenna directivity Ans: Gunn diode
20. A receive channel frequency is
872.4 MHz. To develop an 82.2 MHz IF, 26. The pulse duration of a radar signal 32. What component in a duplexer
the frequency synthesizer must supply is 600 ns. The PRF is 185 pulses per protects the receiver from the high-
an LO signal of second. The duty cycle is power transmitter output?
Ans: 954.6 MHz Ans: 1.1 % Ans: Spark gap

Solution: 33. Most radar antennas usa a

©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND
EDITION - FRENZEL 21
Ans: Horn and parabolic reflector 41. What is the total number of Ans: 45.75 and 41.25 MHz
interlaced scan lines in one complete
34. The most common radar display is frame of a NTSC U.S. TV signal? 48. The sound IF in a TV receiver is
the Ans: 525 Ans: 41.25 MHz
Ans: Plan position indicator
42. What keeps the scanning process 49. What type of circuit is used to
35. A radar antenna using multiple at the receiver in step with the scanning modulate and demodulate the color
dipoles or slot antennas in a matrix with in the picture tube at receiver? signals?
variable phase shifters is called a(n) Ans: Sync pulses Ans: Balanced demodulator
Ans: Phased array
43. What is the black-and-white or 50. What circuit in the TV receiver is
36. Police radars use which technique? monochrome brightness signal in TV used to develop the high voltage
Ans: CW (Continuous-wave) called needed to operate the picture tube?
Ans: Luminance Y Ans: horizontal output
37. Which of the following is a typical
radar operating frequency? 51. What ensures proper color
Ans: 10 GHz synchronization at the receiver?
Ans: 3.58 MHz color burst
38. The TV signal uses which types of 44. What is the name of the solid-state
modulation for picture and sound imaging device used int TV cameras 52. Which of the following is not a
respectively? that converts the light in a scene into an benefit of cable TV?
Ans: AM, FM electrical signal? Ans: Lower-cost reception
Ans: CCD
39. If a TV sound transmitter has a 53. What technique is used to permit
carrier frequency of 197.75 MHz, the 45. The I and Q composite color hundreds of TV signals to share a
picture carrier is signals are multiplexed onto the picture common cable?
Ans: 193.25 MHz carrier by modulating a 3.58 MHz Ans: FDM
subcarrier using
Solution: Ans: DSB AM
SCARRIER = PCARRIER + 4.5 MHz
PCARRIER = SCARRIER - 4.5 MHz 46. The assembly around the neck of a
PCARRIER = 197.75 MHz - 4.5 MHz picture tube that produces the magnetic
PCARRIER = 193.25 MHz fields that deflect and scan the electron
beams is called the
40. The total bandwidth of an NTSC TV Ans: Yoke
signal is
Ans: 6 MHz 47. The picture and sound carrier
frequencies in a TV receiver IF are
respectively
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 22
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 23