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    Two Sample T-Test Statology

    Uploaded by

    Mahek Rawat
    A two sample t-test is used to determine if the means of two populations are equal based on random samples from each population. It tests a null hypothesis that the two population means are equal against alternatives that they are unequal, or that one is greater or less than the other. The test calculates a t-statistic and compares it to a t-distribution to obtain a p-value, rejecting the null if the p-value is below a significance level such as 0.05. An example tests if the mean weights of two turtle species are equal using their sample means, sizes, and variances.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Two Sample T-Test Statology

    Uploaded by

    Mahek Rawat
    72 views5 pages
    A two sample t-test is used to determine if the means of two populations are equal based on random samples from each population. It tests a null hypothesis that the two population means are equal against alternatives that they are unequal, or that one is greater or less than the other. The test calculates a t-statistic and compares it to a t-distribution to obtain a p-value, rejecting the null if the p-value is below a significance level such as 0.05. An example tests if the mean weights of two turtle species are equal using their sample means, sizes, and variances.

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    Two Sample t-test Statology

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    A two sample t-test is used to determine if the means of two populations are equal based on random samples from each population. It tests a null hypothesis that the two population means are equal against alternatives that they are unequal, or that one is greater or less than the other. The test calculates a t-statistic and compares it to a t-distribution to obtain a p-value, rejecting the null if the p-value is below a significance level such as 0.05. An example tests if the mean weights of two turtle species are equal using their sample means, sizes, and variances.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    72 views5 pages

    Two Sample T-Test Statology

    Uploaded by

    Mahek Rawat
    A two sample t-test is used to determine if the means of two populations are equal based on random samples from each population. It tests a null hypothesis that the two population means are equal against alternatives that they are unequal, or that one is greater or less than the other. The test calculates a t-statistic and compares it to a t-distribution to obtain a p-value, rejecting the null if the p-value is below a significance level such as 0.05. An example tests if the mean weights of two turtle species are equal using their sample means, sizes, and variances.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    11/17/22, 7:36 PM Two Sample t-test: Definition, Formula, and Example - Statology


    M E N U

     APRIL 23, 2020  BY ZACH

    Two Sample t-test: Definition, Formula, and Example

    A two sample t-test is used to determine whether or not two


    population means are equal.

    This tutorial explains the following:

    The motivation for performing a two sample t-test.


    The formula to perform a two sample t-test.
    The assumptions that should be met to perform a two sample t-
    test.
    An example of how to perform a two sample t-test.

    Two Sample t-test: Motivation


    Suppose we want to know whether or not the mean weight between
    two different species of turtles is equal. Since there are thousands of
    turtles in each population, it would be too time-consuming and costly
    to go around and weigh each individual turtle.

    Instead, we might take a simple random sample of 15 turtles from


    each population and use the mean weight in each sample to
    https://www.statology.org/two-sample-t-test/ 1/9
    11/17/22, 7:36 PM Two Sample t-test: Definition, Formula, and Example - Statology

    determine if the mean weight is equal between the two populations:

    However, it’s virtually guaranteed that the mean weight between the
    two samples will be at least a little different. The question is whether
    or not this difference is statistically significant. Fortunately, a two
    sample t-test allows us to answer this question.

    Two Sample t-test: Formula


    A two-sample t-test always uses the following null hypothesis:

    H0: μ1 = μ2 (the two population means are equal)

    The alternative hypothesis can be either two-tailed, left-tailed, or right-


    tailed:

    H1 (two-tailed): μ1 ≠ μ2 (the two population means are not equal)


    H1 (left-tailed): μ1 < μ2 (population 1 mean is less than population
    2 mean)
    H1 (right-tailed): μ1> μ2 (population 1 mean is greater than
    population 2 mean)

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    11/17/22, 7:36 PM Two Sample t-test: Definition, Formula, and Example - Statology

    We use the following formula to calculate the test statistic t:

    Test statistic: (x1 – x2)  /  sp(√1/n1 + 1/n2)

    where x1 and x2 are the sample means, n1 and n2 are the sample


    sizes, and where sp is calculated as:

    sp = √ (n1-1)s12 +  (n2-1)s22 /  (n1+n2-2)

    where s12 and s22 are the sample variances.

    If the p-value that corresponds to the test statistic t with (n1+n2-1)


    degrees of freedom is less than your chosen significance level
    (common choices are 0.10, 0.05, and 0.01) then you can reject the
    null hypothesis.

    Two Sample t-test: Assumptions


    For the results of a two sample t-test to be valid, the following
    assumptions should be met:

    The observations in one sample should be independent of the


    observations in the other sample.
    The data should be approximately normally distributed.
    The two samples should have approximately the same variance. If
    this assumption is not met, you should instead perform Welch’s t-
    test.
    The data in both samples was obtained using a random sampling
    method.

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    11/17/22, 7:36 PM Two Sample t-test: Definition, Formula, and Example - Statology

    Two Sample t-test: Example


    Suppose we want to know whether or not the mean weight between
    two different species of turtles is equal. To test this, will perform a two
    sample t-test at significance level α = 0.05 using the following steps:

    Step 1: Gather the sample data.

    Suppose we collect a random sample of turtles from each population


    with the following information:

    Sample 1:

    Sample size n1 = 40
    Sample mean weight x1 = 300
    Sample standard deviation s1 = 18.5

    Sample 2:

    Sample size n2 = 38
    Sample mean weight x2 = 305
    Sample standard deviation s2 = 16.7

    Step 2: Define the hypotheses.

    We will perform the two sample t-test with the following hypotheses:

    H0: μ1 = μ2 (the two population means are equal)


    H1: μ1 ≠ μ2 (the two population means are not equal)

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    11/17/22, 7:36 PM Two Sample t-test: Definition, Formula, and Example - Statology

    Step 3: Calculate the test statistic t.

    First, we will calculate the pooled standard deviation sp:

    sp = √ (n1-1)s12 +  (n2-1)s22 /  (n1+n2-2) = √ (40-1)18.52 +  (38-
    1)16.72 /  (40+38-2) = 17.647

    Next, we will calculate the test statistic t:

    t = (x1 – x2)  /  sp(√1/n1 + 1/n2) =  (300-305) / 17.647(√1/40 + 1/38)


    = -1.2508

    Step 4: Calculate the p-value of the test statistic t.

    According to the T Score to P Value Calculator, the p-value


    associated with t = -1.2508 and degrees of freedom = n1+n2-2 =
    40+38-2 = 76 is 0.21484.

    Step 5: Draw a conclusion.

    Since this p-value is not less than our significance level α = 0.05, we


    fail to reject the null hypothesis. We do not have sufficient evidence to
    say that the mean weight of turtles between these two populations is
    different.

    Note: You can also perform this entire two sample t-test by simply
    using the Two Sample t-test Calculator.

    Additional Resources

    https://www.statology.org/two-sample-t-test/ 5/9

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