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    Steady State Theory Shehnila Rahim PDF

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    shahzada hsan
    The document discusses the steady state theory of the universe. It was proposed in 1948 as an alternative to the Big Bang theory. The steady state theory proposes that the universe is expanding but maintains a constant average density by continuously creating new matter. While it was once a rival to the Big Bang theory, evidence for an evolving universe like the cosmic microwave background and changes in the expansion rate have ruled out the steady state theory. The document outlines key aspects of the steady state theory like its features, advantages, and evidence for and against it.

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    Steady State Theory Shehnila Rahim PDF

    Uploaded by

    shahzada hsan
    14 views4 pages
    The document discusses the steady state theory of the universe. It was proposed in 1948 as an alternative to the Big Bang theory. The steady state theory proposes that the universe is expanding but maintains a constant average density by continuously creating new matter. While it was once a rival to the Big Bang theory, evidence for an evolving universe like the cosmic microwave background and changes in the expansion rate have ruled out the steady state theory. The document outlines key aspects of the steady state theory like its features, advantages, and evidence for and against it.

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    The document discusses the steady state theory of the universe. It was proposed in 1948 as an alternative to the Big Bang theory. The steady state theory proposes that the universe is expanding but maintains a constant average density by continuously creating new matter. While it was once a rival to the Big Bang theory, evidence for an evolving universe like the cosmic microwave background and changes in the expansion rate have ruled out the steady state theory. The document outlines key aspects of the steady state theory like its features, advantages, and evidence for and against it.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    14 views4 pages

    Steady State Theory Shehnila Rahim PDF

    Uploaded by

    shahzada hsan
    The document discusses the steady state theory of the universe. It was proposed in 1948 as an alternative to the Big Bang theory. The steady state theory proposes that the universe is expanding but maintains a constant average density by continuously creating new matter. While it was once a rival to the Big Bang theory, evidence for an evolving universe like the cosmic microwave background and changes in the expansion rate have ruled out the steady state theory. The document outlines key aspects of the steady state theory like its features, advantages, and evidence for and against it.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    UNIVERSITY OF CHITRAL

    BECOME WHAT YOU WANT TO


    BE

    DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
    C

    SUBJECT# EVOLUTION AND PRINCIPLES OF


    SYSTEMATICS
    SEMESTER# 6TH

    SUMMITED TO# FATHUL BARI

    SUMMITED BY# SHEHNILA RAHIM

    ROLL NO# 2290


    STEADY STATE THEORY

    The theory was first put forward in 1948 by British scientists Sir Hermann Bondi, Thomas Gold,
    and Sir Fred Hoyle. It was further developed by Hoyle to deal with problems that had arisen in
    connection with the alternative big-bang hypothesis.

    STEADY STATE THEORY EXPLAIN


    steady-state theory, in cosmology, a view that the universe is always expanding but maintaining a
    constant average density, with matter being continuously created to form new stars and galaxies at
    the same rate that old ones become unobservable as a consequence of their increasing distance and
    velocity of recession.

    IMPORTANCE
    The steady-state universe theory is put forward as an alternative to the Big Bang theory. The steady-state
    theory states that the universe is always expanding, but it maintains the same density. We know that the state
    of matter depends on how dense its particles are.

    IS THE STEADY-STATE THEORY ACCEPTED?


    For many years the steady-state theory was a rival to the Big Bang theory, but it has fallen out of
    favour because it is inconsistent with the observed properties of the cosmic microwave background
    and cannot explain the evolution in the appearance of our Universe with time.

    FEATURES
    A steady-state universe has no beginning or end in time, and from any point within it the view on the
    grand scale—i.e., the average density and arrangement of galaxies—is the same. Galaxies of all
    possible ages are intermingled. The steady-state theory is based on the perfect cosmological principle,
    which requires the universe to be the same at all times, as well as in all places. The mathematical
    solution of the equations of general relativity that results from this principle is the de Sitter universe.

    ADVANTAGES
    The advantage of Steady State theory over some other theories is its simple and aesthetic
    explainations of certain troublesome topics. For example, since the universe is unchanging throughout
    time, the universe needs no convoluted explanation of its beginning.

    EVIDENCE FAVOR
    The existence of quasars and the change in the expansion rate of the universe a few billion years in the
    past, discussed earlier, are evidence against the steady-state. This evidence for the evolution of the
    universe did not exist in 1948, when the steady-state theory originated. Another theory about the
    Universe, called the Steady State theory , says that the Universe has always existed, and that the
    Universe is expanding and constantly creating matter as the Universe expands. This idea is supported
    by the red shift evidence, but not by the CMBR.
    EVIDENCE AGAINST
    In the 1950s the Cambridge radio astronomer Martin Ryle showed that there were more radio
    galaxies at great distances than there were nearby, thus showing that the universe had evolved over
    time, a result that could not be explained in steady-state theory.

    DRAW BACKS
    In the Steady State the Universe was always the same so it never produced a blackbody. Hence the
    existence of a blackbody background ruled out the Steady State. In addition, the temperature of the
    cosmic background can be measured in some very distant clouds that produce absorption lines in the
    spectra of quasars.

    STEADY STATE MODEL EXAMPLE


    A steady state system is a system that does not change its state without external excitation. For
    example, a ball that has rolled down a hill and come to rest in a hollow. This ball will not change
    its state (position, speed) again as long as it is not stimulated from the outside - for example by a
    strong kick

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