1. A randomized controlled trial tests the hypothesis that a new drug is superior to placebo in efficacy.

In
which case is the hypothesis confirmed?

1) ratio of effects 2.3 [0.9; 4.5];

2) ratio of effects 0.8 [0.6; 0.9]; +

3) ratio of effects 2.3 [1.1; 5.8];+

4) ratio of effects 0.8 [0.6; 1.1

2. In an uncontrolled study

1) there is no standard management group;

2) there is no control group; +

3) no placebo group;

4) there is no supervising director of the study.

3. Publication bias is

1) publication of the majority of articles on research of medical interventions in English-language

journals;

2) preferential publication of articles on research carried out in large medical centers;

3) preferential publication of positive results of studies of medical interventions; +

4) publication of articles mainly about expensive medical interventions.

4. A conflict of interest is

1) conflict between the objectivity of the researcher and his financial interests; +

2) the conflict between the objectivity of the researcher and his non-financial interests; +

3) conflict between members of the research group;

4) conflict between researchers and research sponsors.

5. ON THE PROVEN AND RECOGNIZED EFFICIENCY OF THE METHOD

OR INTERVENTION INDICATED BY CLASS OF CLINICAL

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. I class+

2. IIa class+

3. IIb class+

4. III class

6. RESULTS OF SMALL STUDIES, RETROSPECTIVE

STUDIES, GENERAL OPINION OF EXPERTS CONSISTENT

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

1. A
2. B+

3. с

7.RESULTS OF MULTIPLE RANDOMIZED

STUDIES COME TO THE LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

1. A+

2. In

3. With

8. THE MAIN SOURCE FOR OBTAINING EVIDENCE

THE RESULTS ARE THE DATABASE

1. Cochrane Library+

2. Medline, Clinical

3. Evidence

4. all of the above

9. YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH THE STATEMENT

1. Clinical recommendations cannot be based on results

randomized clinical trials+

2. Clinical guidelines contain clear action algorithms for

certain disease

3. Clinical guidelines provide the doctor with sufficient freedom

do in decision making

4. Agree with all statements

10 RANDOMIZED CLINICAL STUDY

CALLED TO ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Is this drug better than placebo?

or other drug, for this disease

2. Find out the parameters of reliability and reliability +

3. Determine the prognosis of the disease

4. Determine the etiology of the disease

5. All of the above

11. THE COCHRANE DATABASE INCLUDES

1. Two metabases (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

ditch, database of abstracts of performance reviews)+

2. Cochrane Review Methodology Database+

3. Database dedicated to scientific analysis+

4. All of the above

12 MATERIALS THAT MEET THE CRITERIA OF HIGH

OF METHODOLOGICAL QUALITY, REPRESENTED IN DATABASES

1. MEDLINE

2. Best Evidence+

3. Clinical Evidence

4. EMBASE

5. Cochrane Library+

6. All of the above

13. SEARCH FOR SYSTEMATIC SUMMARY OF THE CHECKED

QUALITIES ON ALL AVAILABLE RELIABLE INFORMATION

ON A CERTAIN TOPIC IS CARRIED OUT

1. MEDLINE

2.Cochrane Database+

3. Embase

4. None of the above

14. DIAGNOSTIC TEST SENSITIVITY IS

1. Percentage of true positive test results+

2. Proportion of true negative test results

3. There is no right answer

15. THE SPECIFICITY OF THE DIAGNOSTIC TEST IS

1. Percentage of true positive test results+

2. Proportion of true negative test results

3. There is no right answer

16. MAIN SOURCES OF VARIATION IN THE VALUES OF THE STUDYED

INDICATORS RELATED

1. With the method of measuring the indicator under study

2. With biological differences between the examined people

3. Both answers are correct+

4. There is no right answer

17. DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR SCREENING EXAMINATION

MUST NOT MEET THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTS

1. Be the most expensive+

2. Conducted within minutes

3. Be easy to perform

4. Do not require special patient preparation

5. All answers are correct

18 Evidence-based medicine is...

1. conscientious, accurate and meaningful use of the best results of clinical research for the choice of
treatment for a particular patient.

2. generalization and interpretation of laboratory data.

3. independent medical science.

4. study of the health of the population.

5. theoretical base of the Soviet health care.

19. Evidence-based medicine includes:

1. technology for collecting and analyzing scientific information to make the right clinical decision

2. information retrieval of scientific information

3. technology for collecting information material

4. technology of search, collection, analysis of scientific articles

5. information to make the right clinical decision

20. The concept of "Evidence-based medicine" was introduced by scientists of the University ...

1. Mac Master.

2. Sorbonne.

3. Harvard.

4. Oxford.

5. Cambridge.

21. The university where the concept of "Evidence-Based Medicine" was introduced is located in ...

1. Canada.

2. USA.

3. England.

4. France.

5. Germany.

22. The main aspect of the DM is:

1. critical assessment of scientific information for reliability and usefulness and identification of
reasonable information to answer questions

2. critical appraisal of evidence in health economics

3. identifying evidence in medicine

4. identifying the best results of biological research

5. identifying the best epidemiological results

23. 1 step in DM:

1. formulation of the clinical question

2. development of practical guidelines

3. writing an article on a chosen topic

4. search for information on the selected topic

5. application of scientific data into practice

24. WHEN THE COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION IS 15%, THE DEGREE OF VARIETY OF A SIGN IS ESTIMATED AS

1) weak

2) medium+

3) strong

4) uniform

25. The quantitative approach refers to:

1. principles of clinical epidemiology

2. tasks of clinical epidemiology

3. principles of evidence-based medicine

4. tasks of evidence-based medicine

5. outcomes in clinical epidemiology

26. Internal validity is...

1. credibility.

2. generalizability.

3. evidence.

4. popularization.

5. evaluation of results.

27. Generalizability refers to:

1. external sampling characteristic

2. internal characteristic of the sample

3. quality indicators

4. external characteristics of the population

5. internal characteristics of the population

28. R III - a group of people is examined, initially united by some common feature and observed over a
certain period of time in order to track what will happen to them in the future

1. LI cross-sectional study

2. L II study <case control>

3. L III cohort study

29 The modern definition of the concept of Evidence-Based Medicine appeared in:

1. 1960

2. 2005

3. 1992+

30 The most preferred form of evidence is:

1. Expert opinion

2. Controlled Clinical Study+

3. Uncontrolled clinical trial

31 drug that is not registered for the treatment of certain diseases in humans:

1. Placebo

2. Experimental Medicine+

3. Control drug

32 The factor that distorts the result of the study is:

1. Probability factor+

2. Time factor

3.meddling

33 There are the following types of clinical trials:

1. Observational and experimental +

2. Experiments, clinical studies

3. Pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, toxicological

34 The following studies are observational

1. Descriptive, analytical +

2. Randomized, placebo controlled

3. Meta analysis

35 retrospective study to identify the association between risk factor and clinical outcome:

1. Cohort study

2. Case control +

3. Descriptive research

36 the purposes of conducting post-registration studies include

1. Expansion of indications for the use of drugs

2. The study of the pharmacological properties of drugs

3. Tolerability assessment of the investigational medicinal product

37 the purposes of conducting post-registration studies include

1. Expansion of indications for the use of drugs

2. The study of the pharmacological properties of drugs

3. Tolerability assessment of the investigational medicinal product

38 The range within which the true value of the indicator may lie is called

1. True indicator

2. Confidence interval+

3. Evidence interval

39 The degree to which a variable or intervention characteristics matches their true value is called:

1. Effectiveness

2. evidence

3. credibility +

40 factors that distort the result of the study are

1. probability factor

2. time factor

3. confounding factor +

41 Establish the correspondence of the following characteristics to the types of CI

1. RI-assessment of the prevalence of certain outcome indicators, risk factors at a certain point or within
a short period of time

2. RII-comparison of two groups of participants with frisky and non-developing outcomes in order to
identify certain risk factors for the development of this outcome

3. RIII R III - a group of people is studied, initially united by some common feature and observed over a
certain period of time in order to track what will happen to them in the future

LI cross-sectional study
 L II study <case control>

L III cohort study

42 The proportion of people with a disease at a given point in time is

1. Epidemiological surveillance

2. Prevalence +

3.Incidence

43 Evidence-based medicine refers to the need for clinical practice as follows

1. Ignores her

2. Doesn't matter to her

3. Considers it necessary to integrate it with the evidence base+

44 Of the above criticisms of evidence-based medicine, the unfair one is

1. Lack of consideration of the individual characteristics of patients in most of the history map +

2. Devaluation of clinical reasoning

3. Promoting therapeutic nihilism

45 The need for evidence-based medicine arose due to

1. With the increase in scientific information in all areas of medicine, and primarily in clinical
pharmacology +

2. With the need to justify the appointment of a doctor

3. With the need to promote medicines on the pharmaceutical market

46 Sources of evidence are

1. + Materials of individual studies, systematic reviews, brief reviews, systemic sources of information

2. Monographs, textbooks, articles in medical periodicals, methodological developments

3. Materials of congresses, congresses

47 does not apply to the purposes of clinical trials

1. Assessment of pharmacokinetic properties +

2. Assessment of therapeutic efficacy and tolerability

3. Establishment of maximum rational doses and regimens for the use of drugs

4. Comparative characteristics with existing drugs

48 a systematic description to help physicians in choosing the tactics of managing patients is

1. Clinical studies

2. Clinical guidelines+

3.Meta analysis
59 STUDIES THAT COMPARE A GROUP OF PEOPLE WITH A PARTICULAR DISEASE AND A CONTROL
GROUP WITHOUT THIS DISEASE BY THE FREQUENCY OF THE FACTOR AMONG THEM STUDY IS CALLED

a) cohort

b) case - control +

c) correlation

d) field trials

50 INDICATOR OF INCIDENTITY (MORRIDITY) IS CALCULATED BY STATISTICAL PROCESSING OF THE

RESULTS

a) cohort studies +

b) case-control studies

c) cross-sectional studies

d) all types of epidemiological studies listed above

51 INDICATORS OF PREVALENCE (PREVACATION) ARE CALCULATED DURING STATISTICAL PROCESSING

OF THE RESULTS

a) cohort studies

b) case-control studies

c) cross-sectional studies +

d) all types of epidemiological studies

listed above

52 IN THE STATISTICAL PROCESSING OF THE RESULTS OF CASE-CONTROL STUDIES, THE INDICATOR IS

CALCULATED

a) relative risk

b) attributive risk

c) relative risk reduction

d) odds ratios +

53 FROM THE RESULTS OF CLINICAL TRIALS, A POSITIVE TREATMENT EFFECT CAN BE CONCLUDED IF THE
RELATIVE RISK VALUES FOR THE TREATMENT GROUP

a) statistically significantly less than 1+

b) is not statistically significantly different from 1

c) statistically significantly more

54 FROM THE RESULTS OF CLINICAL TRIALS, IT CAN BE CONCLUDED THAT THERE IS NO POSITIVE EFFECT
OF TREATMENT IF THE RELATIVE RISK VALUE FOR THE TREATMENT GROUP

a) statistically significantly less than 1

b) does not differ statistically significantly from 1+

c) statistically significantly more

55 FROM THE RESULTS OF CLINICAL TRIALS, A TREATMENT GROUP CAN BE HARMFUL TO THE PATIENT IF
THE RELATIVE RISK VALUE FOR THE TREATMENT GROUP

a) statistically significantly less than 1

b) is not statistically significantly different from 1

c) statistically significantly more +

56 IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL MEDICINES ARE AUTHORIZED FOR USE AFTER CLINICAL TRIALS

a) 1 phase

b) 2 phases

c) 3 phases+

d) 4 phases

57 DOUBLE BLIND CLINICAL TRIAL IS

a) the patient does not know his belonging to the main or control group, and the doctor knows the
patient's belonging to the main or control group

b) the patient does not know his belonging to the main or control group and the doctor does not know
the patient's belonging to the main or control group +

c) the doctor knows the patient belongs to the main or control group, and the patient knows his
belonging to the main or control group

d) the statistician does not know whether the patient belongs to the main or control group

58 A RANDOMIZED STUDY IS

a) A study in which the distribution of patients into groups is carried out using a random number
generator +

b)

A study in which the main and control groups are formed

c) A study in which patients are randomly selected after prescription of a drug to evaluate treatment
outcomes

d) A study in which the distribution of patients is carried out depending on the number of the insurance
policy

59 THE FIRST PHASE OF RANDOMIZED IN CLINICAL TRIALS ARE CONDUCTED ON

a) healthy volunteers _+

b) laboratory animals

c) sick people (if it is impossible to include healthy people) +

d) medical workers

60 PLACEBO MUST HAVE PROPERTIES

a) bright red
b) a complete copy of the appearance of the study drug +

c) placebo labeling

d) correspondence of taste, color and smell to the studied+

61 CLINICAL TRIALS ARE ORGANIZED ON THE BASIS OF THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

a) FDA

b) GMP

c) GCP+

d) FBI

62 IN A RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL OF A DRUG, THE FOLLOWING RESULT

WAS OBTAINED: RISK RELATIVE 0.75 95% CI (0.44-1.32) THIS RESULT IS INDICATED

a) the advantage of the drug over placebo

b) the advantage of placebo over the drug

c) the absence of statistically significant differences between

placebo and drug

63 IN A RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL OF A DRUG, THE FOLLOWING RESULT

WAS OBTAINED: RISK RELATIVE 0.33 95% CI (0.24-0.45)

a) the advantage of the drug over placebo

b) the advantage of placebo over the drug

c) the absence of statistically significant differences between

placebo and drug

64 IN A RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL OF A DRUG, THE FOLLOWING RESULT

WAS OBTAINED: RISK RELATIVE 2.56 95% CI (1.02-6.38)

a) the advantage of the drug over placebo

b) the advantage of placebo over the drug +

c) the absence of statistically significant differences between

placebo and drug

65 THE VALIDITY OF A DIAGNOSTIC TEST IS CHARACTERIZED

a) sensitivity +

b) specificity+

c) reproducibility

d) positive negative predictive value+

66 TEST SENSITIVITY - RTABOUT

a) the proportion of truly sick people in the surveyed group

of the population that this test allows to reveal +

b) the proportion of truly healthy people in the surveyed population group, which this test allows to
reveal

c) the probability of a positive result in persons with this pathology +

d) the probability of a negative result in persons without

pathology

67 THE MOST COMMON ERRORS IN THE INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS OF DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES
ARE

a) graphic errors+

b) statistical errors+

c) errors due to migration

d) confusing

68 META-ANALYSIS IS

a) quantitative analysis of the pooled results+

several studies on the same problem

b) a set of statistical methods that simultaneously consider the influence of many variables on any one
factor

c) a set of statistical methods that simultaneously consider the influence of many factors

for one variable

d) the stage of processing the results of a randomized clinical trial

69 EXCLUSION CRITERIA IS NEEDED FIRST PRIORLY TO MINIMIZE THE IMPACT ON THE RESULTS OF THE
STUDY

a) random errors

b) selection errors

c) information errors

d) confounding+

70 THE PRESENCE OF INCLUSION CRITERIA IS NECESSARY IN THE FIRST PRIMITY TO MINIMIZE THE
IMPACT ON THE RESULT OF THE STUDY

a) random errors

b) selection errors

c) information errors

d) confounding

71 JUSTIFYING THE REQUIRED SAMPLE SIZE IN THE FIRST PRIORITY ALLOWS TO MINIMIZE

a) random errors
b) selection errors

c) information errors

d) confounding

72 SYSTEMATIC SELECTION ERRORS OCCUR

IN PROGRESS

a) choosing a clinical base for implementation

observations

b) selection of study participants in the sample +

c) dividing study participants into comparison groups +

d) the choice of methods for collecting data on the factor and outcome, which are collected from the
compared groups

73 SYSTEM ERROR ASSOCIATED WITH

LOSS OF PARTICIPANTS DURING THE STUDY

RELATED

a) migration+

b) confounding

c) restriction

d) modifying effect

74 CONFOUNDING EFFECT IS

a) the effect of the influence of the intervening factor +

b) effect of memory error influence

c) the effect of the classification error

d) effect of selection error influence

75 SOURCES OF SYSTEMATIC ERRORS IN ANALYTICAL STUDIES ARE

a) graphical errors

b) statistical errors

c) selection errors +

d) information errors

76 SOURCES OF RANDOM ERRORS IN ANALYTICAL STUDIES ARE

a) incorrect sampling +

b) popularity shift

c) unintentional inaccuracies in the definition of Population+

d) withdrawal of study participants from observation

77 MOST COMMON ERRORS IN

INTERPRETATIONS OF THE RESULTS OF DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES ARE

a) graphic errors +

b) statistical errors+

c) errors due to migration

d) confusing

78 TO ANSWER GPDES REGARDING THE ACCURACY OF THE DIAGNOSTIC METHOD IS SEARCHED IN

LITERATURE SOURCES FOR DESCRIPTIONS

RESEARCH BY TYPE

a) cross-sectional (sectional) studies +

b) case-control

c) cohort studies

d) randomized controlled trials

79 THE MOST RELIABLE INFORMATION ABOUT RESEARCH RESULTS CAN BE OBTAINED

FROM

a) journals of primary information

b) popular science magazines

c) bibliographic databases

d) systematic reviews +

80 INFORMATION BASED ON THE RESULTS OF SEVERAL INDEPENDENT CLINICAL TESTS, SUMMARY IN

SYSTEMATIC

REVIEWS, HAS

a) high reliability (level A) +

b) moderate confidence (level B)

c) limited certainty (level C)

d) uncertain confidence (level D)

81 INFORMATION BASED ON THE RESULTS OF AT LEAST SEVERAL INDEPENDENT,

CLINICAL TRIALS CLOSE ON THE OBJECTIVES, HAS

a) high reliability (level A)

b) moderate confidence (level B)+

c) limited certainty (level C)

d) uncertain confidence (level D)

82 INFORMATION BASED ON OPINION EXPERTS, STUDY RESULTS OF INDIVIDUAL

CLINICAL CASES OR THEIR SERIES, HAS

a) high reliability (level A)

b) moderate confidence (level B)

c) limited certainty (level C)

d) uncertain confidence (level D)+

83 STATISTICAL PROCESSING OF THE RESULTS

CASE-CONTROL STUDIES

INDICATOR IS CALCULATED

a) relative risk

b) attributive risk

c) relative risk reduction

d) odds ratios +

84 THE TEST SPECIFICITY IS 80.0%. THIS

MEANS THAT

a) the result of this test will be positive in 80,

people with this disease

b) the result of this test will be negative in 80.0

people without this pathology+

c) among people with a positive result of this

test 80.0 really have this pathology

d) among people with a negative result of this

test 80.0 do not really have this pathology

85 As a result of a meta-analysis, the accuracy of estimating the effect of a treatment intervention

1) increases; +

2) decreases;

3) can both decrease and increase;

4) does not change

86 A conflict of interest is
1) conflict between the objectivity of the researcher and his financial interests; +

2) the conflict between the objectivity of the researcher and his non-financial interests; +

3) conflict between members of the research group;

4) conflict between researchers and research sponsors.

87From the point of view of evidence-based medicine, sources of evidence for the effectiveness and
safety of medical interventions are

1) information provided in textbooks;

2) accumulated own clinical experience;

3) results of clinical trials; +

4) opinions of leading clinicians.

88.Analytical studies of the effectiveness and safety of medical interventions include

1) meta-analyses; +

2) randomized controlled trials;

3) systematic reviews; +

4) controlled studies

89 Randomization in the design of groups in a clinical trial is necessary to

1) masking when evaluating the effect;

2) masking interference;

3) ensuring the initial comparability of groups for unknown factors that potentially affect the effect of
treatment; +

4) ensuring the initial comparability of groups for known factors that potentially affect the effect of
treatment intervention. +

90. In a double-blind (masked) study, does not know about the intervention applied to a particular
patient

1) the patient and his relatives; +

2) biostatistician performing data analysis;

3) research sponsor;

4) the attending physician; +

91. The target population of the study is determined

1) criteria for including patients in the study; +

2) representativeness of the sample;

3) criteria for exclusion of patients from the study; +

4) sample size

92
The methodological quality of a systematic review depends on

1) the quality of the systematic search for publications; +

2) inclusion of studies published in the last 5 years;

3) the presence of a publication bias; +

4) number of studies included.

93 A randomized controlled trial is a

1) a prospective study; +

2) case-control study;

3) cohort study;

4) one-time study.

94.Patient dropout from randomized controlled trials violates baseline comparability of groups if the
dropout rate is

1) 25%;

2) 15%;

3) 20%; +

4) 10%.

95. Clinically significant outcomes include

1) lowering blood pressure to normal;

2) duration of hospitalization; +

3) disability; +

4) decrease in glycated hemoglobin to normal.

96 The ratio of the effects varies in the range

1) from 0 to 1;

2) from -1 to +1;

3) from 0 to +∞; +

4) from 0 to 100.

97. The methodological quality of a randomized controlled trial depends on

1) degree of masking interventions; +

2) the number of patients in the study;

3) hiding the randomization sequence; +

4) the correctness of the statistical analysis. +

98. The quality of evidence for the efficacy and safety of treatment interventions depends on

1) the number of patients in the clinical trial;

2) design of clinical trials; +

3) the duration of the clinical trial;

4) methodological quality of the study. +

99. The methodological quality of controlled trials of the efficacy and safety of treatment interventions
depends on

1) the risk of systematic errors; +

2) initial comparability of groups; +

3) the correctness of the statistical analysis; +

4) the number of patients in the study.

100. Original studies on the efficacy and safety of treatment interventions include

1) controlled studies; +

2) meta-analyses;

3) randomized controlled trials; +

4) systematic reviews.

101. Treatment interventions include

1) pharmacotherapy; +

2) vaccination;

3) screening;

4) surgical interventions. +

102. Signs of a conflict of interest of the author of the article are

1) provision by the sponsor of a drug for the study;

2) work in a sponsoring company; +

3) receiving grants from a sponsor; +

4) receiving fees from the sponsor. +

103. The safety of an investigational treatment intervention is assessed

1) according to patients' reviews;

2) by the frequency of adverse events; +

3) according to laboratory parameters; +

4) according to the severity of adverse events. +

104.A randomized controlled trial is ethical if

1) the principle of equipoise is respected; +

2) patients know which of the compared drugs they are receiving;

3) the research hypothesis is formulated in advance; +

4) the required sample size was calculated. +

105. Conducting randomized trials of treatment interventions is considered difficult if

1) there is no specialist in the research group who knows how to perform randomization;

2) patients in serious condition are being studied; +

3) an emergency condition is being studied; +

4) an orphan disease is being studied. +

106 Find what stage in the process of evidence-based medicine is the critical evaluation of evidence:

1.first

2.second

3.third+

4. fourth

5. fifth

107 Indicate what stage in the process of evidence-based medicine is the evaluation of the results
obtained in clinical practice:

1. first

2. second

3. third

4. fourth

5. fifth+

108 Specify what stage in the process of evidence-based medicine is the formulation of the correct
question:

1. first+

2. second

3. third

4. fourth

5. fifth

109 Indicate what stage in the process of evidence-based medicine is the search for information
(evidence):

1. first+

2. second

3. third

4. fourth

5. fifth
110 Indicate what stage in the process of evidence-based medicine is the application of the findings in
clinical practice:

1. first

2. second

3. third

4. fourth+

5. fifth

111 Find questions that have 4 PICO components:

1. basic

2. integrated

3. educational

4. epidemiological

5. Applied+

112 Choose the fourth component in the PICO question:

1. comparison

2. intervention

3. patient

4. target

5. outcome+

113 Choose the first component in the PICO question:

1. comparison

2. intervention

3. patient+

4. target

5. outcome

114 Select the third component in the PICO question:

1. comparison+

2. intervention

3. patient

4. target

5. outcome

115 Choose the second component in the PICO question:

1. comparison
2. intervention+

3. patient

4. target

5. outcome

116 Evidence-based medicine is:

1. combining the best facts, clinical experience without regard to patient preferences

2. combining the best facts, patient preferences, without taking into account clinical experience

3. combining the experience of colleagues, clinical experience and patient preferences

4. combining the best facts, clinical experience and patient preferences+

5.strict adherence to clinical guidelines

117 Specify the prerequisites for the emergence of evidence-based medicine:

A) strengthening the authoritative opinion of leading experts

B) inconsistency in the results of clinical studies +

C) Practitioners have too much time

D) Lack of computer literacy among practitioners

E) the general incompetence of medical practitioners

118 Indicate the correct definition of evidence-based medicine:

A) Information about the results of clinical studies proving the benefits of the medicinal product

B) Technology for collecting, critical analysis, generalization and interpretation of scientific information +

C) Research method for choosing treatment for only one patient

D) Theoretical basis of scientific research

E) Critical analysis of information

119 THE "GOLD STANDARD" OF MEDICAL RESEARCH IS CALLED

1) cross studies

2) single blind study+

3) randomized controlled trials

4) paired comparisons

120. A METHOD IN WHICH NEITHER THE PATIENT NOR THE DOCTOR OBSERVING HIM KNOWS WHAT OF
THE TREATMENT WAS APPLIED, IS CALLED

1) double blind+

2) triple blind

3) single blind

4) placebo controlled
121.A HARMFUL INACTIVE SUBSTANCE PROVIDED AS A DRUG WHICH IS NOT DIFFERENT FROM IT IN
LOOK, SMELL, TEXTURE, IS CALLED

1) bioadditive

2) analogue of the study drug

3) homeopathic remedy

4) placebo+

122 CONTROL TEST, THIS IS A STUDY

1) retrospective

2) prospective+

3) transverse

4) perpendicular

123 A STUDY IN WHICH THE PATIENT DOES NOT KNOW BUT THE DOCTOR KNOWS WHAT TREATMENT
THE PATIENT IS RECEIVING IS CALLED

1) placebo controlled

2) double blind

3) triple blind

4) simple blind +

124 IT CAN BE SAYED THAT IN A RANDOMIZED CONTROL STUDY, PATIENTS RECEIVING A PLACEBO ARE
NOT DECEIVED (DO NOT RECEIVE PROPER TREATMENT) DUE TO THE THAT

1) the attending physician receives the patient's oral consent to conduct the experiment

2) the patient signs the "Informed Consent" (where his consent to the use of placebo is provided) +

3) placebo does not have a harmful effect on the body, so its use does not require the consent of the
patient

4) the patient signs the consent to hospitalization

125. A STUDY WITH A RANDOMLY SELECTED CONTROL GROUP AND THE PRESENCE OF INVESTIGATOR
EXPOSURE IS CALLED

1) randomized controlled clinical trial +

2) non-randomized study

3) observational study

4) retrospective study

126. THE GOLD STANDARD INCLUDES

1) double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trials+

2) simple non-randomized studies

3) triple blind studies

4) double-blind non-randomized studies

127. A STUDY IN WHICH PATIENTS ARE RANDOMLY ALLOCATED INTO GROUP IS CALLED

1) simple blind

2) non-randomized

3) placebo controlled

4) randomized+

128. THE CONSCIOUS, CLEAR AND IMPARTIAL USE OF THE BEST AVAILABLE EVIDENCE WHEN MAKING
DECISIONS ON ASSISTANCE TO SPECIFIC PATIENTS, THIS IS ONE OF THE DEFINITIONS OF THE CONCEPT

1) biometrics

2) evidence-based medicine+

3) clinical epidemiology

4) medical statistics

129.BY THE METHOD OF SELECTION OF PATIENTS, STUDIES DIFFER

1) casual and complex

2) equiprobable and impossible

3) randomized and non-randomized+

4) primary and tertiary

130 RANDOM SELECTION OF OBSERVATIONS IS NAMED

1) randomization+

2) median

3) fashion

4) probability

131. BY THE DEGREE OF OPEN DATA, THE RESEARCH MAY BE

1) open or blind+

2) closed or blind

3) open or randomized

4) randomized or multicenter

132. A CLINICAL STUDY IN WHICH ALL PARTICIPANTS (DOCTORS, PATIENTS, ORGANIZERS) KNOW WHICH
DRUG IS USED IN A PARTICULAR PATIENT IS CALLED

1) non-randomized

2) randomized

3) simple blind
4) open+

133. TESTING OF A PHARMACEUTICAL DRUG WAS CARRIED OUT ON THE BASIS OF MEDICAL
INSTITUTIONS OF VARIOUS CITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, THIS STUDY IS

1) general

2) plural

3) polycentric

4) multicenter+

134. HEALTH AND BIOLOGICAL MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS, NAMED

1) biometrics+

2) medical cybernetics

3) probability theory

4) biostatics

135. GROUPS OF METHODS OF MEDICAL STATISTICS ARE

1) comparative statistics+

2) evidence-based mathematics

3) biometrics

4) mathematical statistics

136. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

1) comparison of the received data

2) a set of material

3) description and presentation of data+

4) substantiation of the obtained results

137. DATA COLLECTION MAY BE

1) optimization

2) static and dynamic

3) constructive and deconstructive

4) passive and active +

138 COMPARATIVE STATISTICS ALLOW

1) formulate conclusions in the form of hypotheses or forecasts

2) conduct a comparative analysis of data in the study groups +

3) conduct a data set in accordance with the principles of randomization

4) present the results to the audience

139. THE SCIENCE DEVELOPING CLINICAL RESEARCH METHODS IS CALLED

1) clinical epidemiology+

2) pharmaceuticals

3) cybernetics

4) medical statistics

140. THE PURPOSE OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY IS

1) development of methods for statistical evaluation of clinical observations

2) study of infectious morbidity

3) development and application of effective methods of clinical research +

4) prevention of epidemic and contagious diseases

141. FROM THE POSITION OF EVIDENTIAL MEDICINE THE PHYSICIAN SHOULD MAKE A DECISION ON THE
CHOICE OF THE

1) information from the Internet

2) experience of colleagues

3) articles from a peer-reviewed journal with a high citation index+

4) articles from an unknown source

142. INDICATOR CHARACTERIZING THE RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION GIVEN IN A SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL

IS

1) confidence index

2) trust index

3) significance index

4) citation index+

143.ONE OF THE PREREQUISITES FOR THE EVIDENCE OF EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE WAS

1) limited financial resources allocated to healthcare+

2) the emergence of new medical specialties

3) improvement of scientific research methods

4) development of mathematical statistics

144 STATISTICAL SET IS THIS

1) a group of specific features

2) a group of objects that have signs of similarity and difference

3) a group of relatively homogeneous elements (observation units) taken within the same boundaries of
time and space

4) a group of phenomena combined in accordance with the purpose of the study

145. THE PRIMARY ELEMENT OF THE STATISTICAL SET IS

1) object of observation

2) sign

3) observation unit+

4) a group of features

146. A UNIT OF OBSERVATION IN A STATISTICAL SET IS

1) sign

2) the primary element of the population, which has features to be taken into account +

3) a group of features

4) disease

147 THE UNIT OF THE SET IS

1) a typo due to absent-mindedness or inattention

2) the primary element of the object of statistical observation, which is the carrier of features to be
registered

3) markup of forms according to conventional signs

4) the primary element that makes up the entire observable statistical set+

148. A SIGN IS THIS

1) object of statistical research

2) the primary element of the statistical population

3) a property, the manifestation of which one object differs from another +

4) characteristics of the statistical population

149. QUALITATIVE FEATURES ARE

1) growth

2) gender+

3) body weight

4) vital capacity of the lungs

150. QUANTITATIVE FEATURES ARE

1) growth+

2) floor

3) the outcome of the disease

4) type of disease

151. SAMPLE SET IS

1) a group consisting of relatively homogeneous elements taken within the same boundaries of time and
space
2) a set consisting of all units of observation that can be attributed to it in accordance with the purpose
of the study

3) part of the general population, selected by special methods and intended to characterize it +

4) the totality of all units of observation that can be attributed to it in accordance with the purpose of
the study

152. REPRESENTATIVENESS IS

1) a sufficient volume of the general population

2) sufficient sample size

3) the dissimilarity of the sample population to the general

4) the ability of the sample to most fully represent the general +

153.THE REPRESENTATIVENESS OF THE SAMPLE IN RELATION TO THE GENERAL PROVIDES

1) mandatory observance of time limits

2) a sufficient amount of observations +

3) assessment of indicators in dynamics

4) obligatory observance of spatial boundaries

154. THE ADVANTAGES OF THE AVERAGE VALUE IS THAT IT

1) allows you to analyze a large number of observations

2) allows you to identify patterns with a small number of observations and a large scatter of indicators

3) allows using one number to get ideas about the totality of mass phenomena +

4) allows using one number to get ideas about the prevalence of mass phenomena

155. THE UNIT OF OBSERVATION IS DETERMINED DEPENDING ON

1) research programs

2) study plan

3) goals and objectives of the study +

4) number of observations

156. VARIATIONAL SERIES IS

1) a series of numerical measurements of a trait, arranged in rank order and characterized by a certain
frequency +

2) a number of digital values of various features

3) general population

4) a series of numbers reflecting the frequency (repeatability) of the digital values of the trait under
study

157. ARITHMETIC MEAN IS

1) option with the highest frequency

2) the difference between the largest and smallest value

3) a generalizing value that characterizes the size of the variable feature of the population +

4) option, located in the middle of the row

158 MEDIAN IS

1) option with the highest frequency

2) the difference between the largest and smallest value

3) a generalizing value that characterizes the size of the variable feature of the population

4) option, located in the middle of the row +

159. FASHION IS

1) option with the highest frequency +

2) the difference between the largest and smallest value

3) a generalizing value characterizing the size of the varying feature of the population

4) option, located in the middle of the row

160. THE PROCESS OF RANDOM SELECTION OF DATA IS CALLED

1) randomization+

2) sampling

3) representativeness

4) explication

161. SIGN: "PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF DISEASE" IS

1) quantitative

2) continuous

3) discrete

4) dichotomous+

162. A DEPENDENT SIGN CHANGING ITS VALUE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ANOTHER IS CALLED

1) factorial

2) effective +

3) discrete

4) continuous

163. SCALE INDICATING THE DEGREE OF EXPRESSION OF A SIGN

1) nominal

2) interval

3) ordinal+
4) logarithmic

164. GENERAL SET CONSISTS OF

1) individual units of observation taken within known boundaries of time and space

2) all units of observation that can be attributed to it in accordance with the purpose of the study +

3) all units of observation that can be attributed to it, regardless of the purpose of the study

4) all units of observation that have a certain feature

165. ONE OF THE AVERAGE VALUES IS

1) ratio indicator

2) median+

3) standard deviation

4) intense indicator

166. THE RATIO OF THE SUM OF VALUES OF ALL OPTIONS TO THEIR TOTAL NUMBER IS

1) median

2) arithmetic mean+

3) fashion

4) standard deviation

167 ARITHMETIC AVERAGE IS USED FOR THE PURPOSES

1) generalizations of the numerical characteristics of a varying phenomenon in the development or

summary of material +

2) generalizations of qualitative characteristics

3) comparisons and comparisons of phenomena

4) development of standards

168. OF THE AVERAGES GIVEN ARE THE MOST FREQUENTLY USED IN MEDICAL RESEARCH

1) geometric mean

2) arithmetic mean+

3) harmonic mean

4) algebraic mean

169. VALUES THAT DIVIDE A VARIATIONAL SERIES INTO SEPARATE (IF POSSIBLE EQUAL) PARTS ARE

1) quantiles+

2) options

3) errors of averages

4) row levels

170. INTO FOUR EQUAL PARTS THE VARIATION SERIES ARE DIVIDED
1) median

2) tercili

3) quartiles+

4) percentiles

171. IF TWO NEIGHBOR VALUES OF A VARIATIONAL SERIES HAVE THE SAME FREQUENCY, THEN

1) the row has no mode

2) the mode is equal to the arithmetic mean of these values +

3) the variation series has two modes

4) fashion is the number closest to the middle of the row

172. IF TWO VALUES OF A VARIATIONAL SERIES THAT ARE NOT NEIGHBOR HAVE THE SAME FREQUENCY,
THEN

1) the row has no mode

2) the mode is equal to the arithmetic mean of these values

3) the variation series has two modes +

4) fashion is the number closest to the middle of the row

173. DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF A RANDOM VALUE, THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF VARIATIONAL SERIES
ARE DIFFERENTIATED

1) ungrouped and grouped

2) moment and interval

3) discrete and continuous+

4) simple and complex

174.QUALITATIVE DATA THAT CAN ONLY BE CLASSIFIED INTO TWO OPPOSE CATEGORIES, TAKEING ONE
OF THE TWO VALUES, ARE CALLED

1) discrete

2) dichotomous+

3) quantitative

4) continuous

175. QUANTITATIVE SIGNS TAKING VALUES ONLY FROM A CERTAIN LIST OF CERTAIN NUMBERS,
USUALLY INTEGRATED, ARE CALLED

1) continuous

2) dichotomous+

3) random

4) discrete
176. A SERIES OF CONSECUTIVE VALUES CHARACTERIZING THE CHANGE OF THE INDICATOR IN TIME
AND HAVING A SUBSTANTIVE SENSE IS

1) time slice

2) time series+

3) random row

4) variation series

177. DATA CONTAINING INFORMATION ON THREE OR MORE FEATURES FOR EACH OBJECT IS CALLED

1) one-dimensional

2) two-dimensional

3) multidimensional+

4) multiple

178 . EACH NUMERICAL VALUE IN A VARIATIONAL SERIES IS CALLED

1) option+

2) by chance

3) median

4) fashion

179. RIGHT-SIDE ASYMMETRY

1) mode, median and arithmetic mean are the same

2) mode, then median, then arithmetic mean+

3) arithmetic mean, then median, then mode

4) arithmetic mean, mode, median

180. IF THE DISTRIBUTION SCHEDULE HAS A SYMMETRIC FORM, THEN

1) to the left is the mode, then the median and the arithmetic mean

2) to the left is the arithmetic mean, then the median and mode

3) to the left is the arithmetic mean, then the mode and median

4) mode, median and arithmetic mean are the same +

181. IF ALL THE VALUES IN A VARIATION SERIES MEET EQUALLY FREQUENTLY, THIS SERIES IS
CONSIDERED THAT

1) has no mod+

2) has two modes

3) has one fashion

4) has three modes

182. QUANTITATIVE FEATURES THAT TAKE ANY VALUE ON A CONTINUOUS SCALE ARE CALLED
1) discrete+

2) random

3) continuous

4) ordinal

184. REPRESENTATIVENESS, DESIGNATING THE STRUCTURAL CORRESPONDENCE OF SELECTIVE AND

GENERAL SET, IS CALLED

1) quantitative

2) quality+

3) selective

4) random

185 ABSOLUTE INDICATORS OF VARIATION ARE

1) coefficient of variation

2) oscillation coefficient

3) limit+

4) median

186. RELATIVE INDICATORS OF VARIATION ARE

1) dispersion

2) limit

3) standard deviation

4) coefficient of variation+

187 A CRITERION WHICH IS DETERMINED BY THE EXTREME VALUES OF A VARIANT IN A VARIATIONAL

SERIES

1) limit+

2) amplitude

3) dispersion

4) coefficient of variation

188 DIFFERENCE OF EXTREME OPTION IS

1) limit

2) amplitude+

3) standard deviation

4) coefficient of variation

189. AVERAGE SQUARE OF DEVIATIONS OF INDIVIDUAL SIGNIFICANT VALUES FROM ITS AVERAGE

1) oscillation coefficient
2) median

3) variance+

4) fashion

190. RATIO OF THE RANGE OF VARIATION TO THE AVERAGE VALUE OF A SIGN IS

1) coefficient of variation

2) standard deviation

3) limit

4) Oscillation coefficient+

191. THE RATIO OF THE MEAN SQUARE DEVIATION TO THE AVERAGE VALUE

1) dispersion

2) coefficient of variation+

3) oscillation coefficient

4) amplitude

192. A VARIANT THAT IS IN THE MIDDLE OF A VARIATION SERIES AND DIVIDES IT INTO TWO EQUAL
PARTS IS

1) median+

2) fashion

3) amplitude

4) limit

193. IN MEDICAL RESEARCH, WHEN ESTABLISHING CONFIDENCE LIMITS OF ANY INDICATOR, THE
PROBABILITY OF AN ERROR-FREE PREDICTION IS ACCEPTED

1) 80%

2) 68%

3) 95%+

4) 50%

194. IF 90 SAMPLES OUT OF 100 GIVE THE CORRECT ESTIMATE OF A PARAMETER IN THE GENERAL
POPULATION, THIS MEANS THAT THE CONFIDENCE P IS EQUAL TO

1) 10%

2) 90%+

3) 68%

4) 50%

195. IN THE EVENT IF 10 SAMPLES OUT OF 100 GIVE AN INCORRECT ESTIMATE, THE PROBABILITY OF
ERROR IS

1) 90%
2) 50%

3) 20%

4) 10%+

196. THE LIMITS OF AVERAGE OR RELATIVE VALUES, THERE IS A MINOR PROBABILITY TO GO BEYOND
WHICH

1) confidence interval+

2) amplitude

3) limit

4) coefficient of variation

197.A SMALL SAMPLE IS CONSIDERED THAT POPULATION IN WHICH

1) n is less than or equal to 100

2) n is less than or equal to 30+

3) n is less than or equal to 40

4) n is close to 0

198. FOR THE PROBABILITY OF ERROR-FREE FORECAST 95% THE VALUE OF THE CRITERION t IS

13

2) 2+

3) 1

4) 10

199. FOR THE PROBABILITY OF ERROR-FREE FORECAST 99% THE VALUE OF THE CRITERION t IS

1) 3+

2) 2

3) 1

4) 5

200. FOR DISTRIBUTIONS CLOSE TO NORMAL, THE SET IS CONSIDERED HOMOGENEOUS IF THE
COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION DOES NOT EXCEED

1) 50%

2) 10%

3) 33%+

4) 90%

201. A VARIANT SEPARATING THE VARIANTS WHICH NUMERICAL VALUES DO NOT EXCEED 25% OF THE
MAXIMUM POSSIBLE IN THIS ROW IS

1) fashion
2) lower quartile+

3) upper quartile

4) quartile

202. DATA THAT DO NOT DISTORT AND CORRECTLY REFLECT OBJECTIVE REALITY IS CALLED

1) impossible

2) equally possible

3) authentic+

4) random

203. ACCORDING TO THE "THREE SIGMA" RULE, WITH A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION OF A SIGN, WILL BE
WITHIN

1) 68.3% option

2) 95.5% option

3) 99.7% option+

4) 50.0% option

204. CONFIDENCE INTERVAL CORRESPONDING TO THE DEGREE OF PROBABILITY (n 30) IS

1) 67%

2) 68.3%

3) 95.5%+

4) 99.7%

205. COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION IS APPLIED

1) to characterize the normality of the distribution

2) to characterize the homogeneity of the population +

3) to determine the standard deviation

4) to determine the required sample size

206. AN OPTION SEPARATING OPTIONS UP TO 75% FROM THE MAXIMUM POSSIBLE VALUES IS

1) lower quartile

2) fashion

3) upper quartile+

4) quartile

207. A VARIANT SEPARATING VARIANTS WITH A NUMERICAL VALUE UP TO 50% FROM THE MAXIMUM
POSSIBLE IS

1) quartile+

2) lower quartile
3) fashion

4) upper quartile

208 THE COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION IS EXPRESSED

1) in centimeters

2) in the number of patients

3) among the variations

4) in percent +

4) standard deviation

209TO CALCULATE THE COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION, THE FOLLOWING VALUE IS REQUIRED

1) standard error

2) median

3) standard deviation+

4) confidence interval

210. LACK OF LIMIT AND AMPLITUDE AS VARIABILITY CRITERIA IS

1) the need for a normal distribution to calculate them

2) dependence on extreme values of variables+

3) dependence on the number of observations

4) dependence on the average values of variables