I.

Nutrition and Dietetics

1. Nutrition is the study of the overall process of nutrients and its relationship to diet, health,
and illness. Macromolecules are essential nutrients needed by the body to function. All are
macromolecules except?
a. Protein
b. Sugar
c. Fat
d. Vitamins
2. Carbohydrates exist in two forms namely simple carbohydrates and complex
carbohydrates. The site where carbohydrate catabolism starts is at the:
a. Small intestines
b. Stomach
c. Mouth
d. Duodenum
3. Which enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion is not appropriately placed in the
group?
a. Ptyalin
b. Carboxypeptidase
c. Amylase
d. Dissacharidase
4. Vitamins are subdivided into water- and fat-soluble substances. The nurse understands the
concept of vitamins when he explains that:
a. Water-soluble vitamins are vitamins D, K, retinol and tocopherol
b. Fat-soluble vitamins are retinol, D, and folic acid
c. Water-soluble vitamins are thiamine and vitamin C
d. Fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins A, D, E and cobalamin
5. Metabolism is the process of chemical reactions converting energy contained in food into
energy needed for cellular functions. This is the process of breaking down of complex
molecules into smaller units.
a. Panabolism
b. Metabolism
c. Anabolism
d. Catabolism
6. Protein digestion, as compared to carbohydrates, is a much longer and complex process.
Most of the proteins are digested at what site of the body?
a. Stomach
b. Large intestines
c. Mouth
d. Small intestines
7. The site of initial CHON digestion is at the mouth through the enzyme:
a. Dipeptidase
b. Trypsin
c. Pepsin
d. Aminopeptidase
8. BMI is a clinical measure of the ratio of height to weight as an estimate to the amount of
body fat present. The correct meaning of BMI is:
a. Body measurement index
b. Body and mass index
c. Body mass index
d. Body max index
9. You are measuring the BMI of a bedridden client. He weighs 67kg. How will you effectively
estimate client length considering his case?
a. Use tape measure. Measure from the tip of client forehead to the tip of toes laterally
b. Use meter stick. Measure from the client’s back up to the end of the soles of the feet
c. Use tape measure. Measure from the tip of the nose to the tip of the middle finger of
an arm outstretched and multiply by 2
d. Use meter stick. Measure from the shoulders up to the hip and multiply by 2
10. As one gets older, height wanes because of the loss of integrity of the intervertebral discs
causing the commonly seen exaggerated anterior curvature of the thoracic spine known as?
a. Lordosis
b. Kyphosis
c. Scoliosis
d. Osteoporosis
11. The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the health facility. The client weighs 132 lbs. and
states that she is 5’2”. As part of her assessment, the nurse determines the client’s BMI as?
a. 24.2. Normal.
b. 24.2. Below normal
c. 24.1. Normal
d. 24.1. Below normal
12. After BMI determination, Harry Rocky was determined to be obese. His physician
recommended that he modify his lifestyle practices into getting more physically active.
Harry Rocky expressed worry that he might not be able to achieve this. What appropriate
nursing diagnosis must the nurse prioritize?
a. Deficient Knowledge
b. Impaired Social Isolation
c. Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition: More than Body Requirements
d. Anxiety
13. After reading about possible weight loss training exercises, Harry Rocky decided to start as
soon as possible. He understands that the state of obesity increases the risk of which
disease with the exception of:
a. Osteoarthritis
b. Hypertension
c. Sleep apnea
d. TI Diabetes Mellitus
14. Harry Rocky inquires to the nurse how to properly monitor his progress upon starting
weight loss training. He asks how to properly compute for his BMI. The nurse is correct in
his health teaching when he explains that:
a. Divide your weight in kilograms to the square of your height in meters
b. Divide your weight in kilograms to the square of your height in centimeters
c. Divide your weight in grams to the square of your height in meters squared
 d. Divide your weight in kilograms to the square of your height in meters squared
15. Diet modification would also be required once Harry Rocky starts his weight loss training.
Being the nurse knowledgeable about dietetics, what diet is the most appropriate
concerning Harry’s case?
a. Low fat, low salt, low protein diet
b. Low fat, low CHO, high protein
c. High CHO, high CHON, low fat
d. Low CHON, high fat, low CHO
16. The nurse on duty received an incoming patient for admission. The client was 78 years old,
female, awake, alert and oriented. She states “I’ve lost weight and my stomach feels queasy.
I think I have the flu because I was throwing up. I don’t think I can continue any longer”
Actual nursing diagnosis for the client would include:
a. Powerlessness related to weakened body state
b. Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements
c. Risk for Deficient Fluid Volume related to dehydration
d. Acute pain related to gastric upset
17. During client counselling, a 23-year-old female who states that she is a pure vegan has
expressed concerns to the nurse. The nurse recognizes that the vegan diet lacks the
essential amino acids offered by animal products. The severe deficiency in amino acids is
medically known as:
a. Marasmus
b. Kwashiorkor
c. Undernutrition
d. Proteinuria
18. Although some plant-based products contain some amino acids, the best source of essential
amino acids remain to be animal products. An example of an essential amino acid is:
a. Proline
b. Glycine
c. Threonine
d. Alanine
19. The nurse is caring for an elderly client who was temporarily postponed for hemodialysis
for CKD because of recent alterations in his CBC. The nurse is correct when she teaches the
avoidance of which food for this client?
a. Chicken caldereta
b. Fresh lumpia
c. Pansit palabok
d. Chicken inasal
20. Because of his illness, the nurse recommends cutting down portions of food high in sodium.
Which food product should the patient avoid?
a. Berries
b. Total milled rice
c. Low-fat milk
d. Fresh sardines
21. A client recovering from a recent mandibular surgery has visited the community health
clinic. The nurse knows that the most appropriate food for the client is?
a. Oatmeal, mashed potato and tenderloin
 b. Steamed broccoli, milk and soft-boiled eggs
c. Cereals, baked beans and protein shake
d. Ice cream, chocolate pudding and chicken bouillon
22. Hydration is one important aspect of an individual’s overall nutritional status. A client with
right-sided failure presented with peripheral pitting edema. Upon palpation, the nurse
made an indent lasting for more than 1 minute. Proper documentation of this is:
a. Peripheral pitting edema on inspection. >1 minute depression created after
palpation. Edema grade 4+
b. Peripheral pitting edema on inspection. >1 minute depression created after
palpation. Edema grade 2+
c. Peripheral pitting edema on inspection. >1 minute depression created after
palpation. Edema grade 5+
d. Peripheral pitting edema on inspection. >1 minute depression created after
palpation. Edema grade 3+
23. Manny Pakyoo has been very conscious about his diet recently. For lunch he had 10 grams
of protein, 5 grams of carbohydrate, 3 grams of butter and was washed down by 2 grams of
alcohol. Determine the total kcal Manny Pakyoo got from his meal.
a. 67 kcal
b. 87 kcal
c. 101 kcal
d. 91 kcal
24. This is important for clients recovering from recent accidents involving disruption of tissue
integrity.
a. CHO
b. CHON
c. CHOP
d. CHONP
25. The ward nurse is caring for two pediatric clients. One of the clients was diagnosed with
IDA while the other has diverticulitis that after surgery, condition has been improving. The
nurse understands that the least appropriate nursing action is:
a. Green leafy vegetables for IDA, boiled cabbages for diverticulitis
b. Mashed potato for diverticulitis, Greek yogurt for IDA
c. Dark meat for IDA, NPO for diverticulitis
d. Warm milk for diverticulitis, hard-boiled egg for IDA