Auxin, a group of phytohormones, has long been

recognized for its essential role in growth and development of

plants facing abiotic stress, including salinity (Iqbal and

Ashraf, 2007; Javid 2011). Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA),

which can be synthesized from tryptophan -dependent and -

independent pathways, is the main auxin in plants, producing

majority of auxin effects in plants and participating in

modulation of several plant processes

Javid, M.G., A. Sorooshzadeh, S.A. Mohammad, M. Sanavy, I. Allahdadi

and F. Moradi: Effects of the exogenous application of auxin and

cytokinin on carbohydrate accumulation in grains of rice under salt

stress. ., , 305-313 (2011).

Plant hormones mainly gibberellins (GAs) are

important for many developmental processes in plants,

seed germination count, stem elongation, trichome and

leaf expansions, pollen maturation and flowering

stimulation (Jean et al., 2013). Gibberellins have been

observed to be involved in numerous physiological

developments (Yang, 2012). GAs endorse flower initiation

during long days but it support the process of bolting just

when the days were short (Mutasa et al., 2010)

Yang, X., X. Liu, W. Lv, L. Li, Q. Shi, J. Yang, M. Zhang and T.

Zhang.2012. Reduced expression of BjRCE1 gene

modulated by nuclear-cytoplasmic incompatibility alters

Auxin response in Cytoplasmic male-sterile Brassica

juncea. PLoS One, 7(6): 38821.

Brassinosteroids have unique growth promoting

activity, when applied exogenously at sub micromolar

concentrations, it elicit several physiological and

biochemical responses in various test systems ranging

from single cells to whole plants (Mandava et ai. 1981,

Yopp et ai. 1981, Mandava 1988, Cutler et ai. 1991).

Brassinosteroids induced plant growth was reported to be

associated with increased metabolic processes like

photosynthesis (Sairam, 1994) and protein synthesis

(Kalinch et ai. 1985). Among the various brassinosteroids

tested, Brassinolide (BRl) and its epimer 24-

epibrassinolides (EPR) and 28-homobrassinolide (HBR)

were found to be more effective than other compounds in

short term bioassays generally involving excised plant

parts (Takematsu et ai. 1983 a, b). In this study, the effect

of commercial preparation of brassinosteroids on certain

biochemical parameters in groundnut was investigated.

Mandava, N.B., Sasee, J.M. and Yopp, T.H. (1981). Brassinolide,

a growth-promoting steroidal lactone. Activity in selected

gibrellin and cytokinin bio assays. Physiol. Plant. 53:

431-461.

Brassinosteroids are a new group of plant hormones

with growth promoting activity (Mandava 1988). The

ability of certain pollen extracts to promote growth led

to the discovery of this group of substances in plants.

Collective efforts initiated by the scientists at various

agricultural research stations (ARS) of USDA resulted

in the isolation of an active factor from the pollen grains

of rape plant (Brassica napus L.) which was named as

brassinolide (Grove et al. 1

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroid hormones that

play important roles in regulating plant growth and develop-

ment.

Salllllllly syliiic

Salicylic acid is an endogenous signaling molecule and it has several functions,

particularly the suppression of germination and growth, intervention with root absorption, reduced leaf
abscission and
transpiration (Ashraf et al., 2010; Hayat et al., 2010). Application of salicylic acid also significantly
increased root dry weight.

Salicylic acid application to soybean and corn promoted dry weight and leaf area of plants (Khan et a

Ashraf M, Akram NA, Arteca RN, Foolad MR. 2010. The physiological, biochemical and molecular roles of
brassinosteroids and salicylic acid in plant

processes and salt tolerance. Critical Reviews Plant Sci 29(3):162-190.

Auxins plays an important role in the regulation of plant growth and

developmental processes, including elongation, apical dominance, lateral root

differentiation, the differentiation of vascular tissues, embryogenesis and fruit

ripening (Arteca 1996). These responses can be manipulated quite precisely

by the applications of exogenous auxins. Many investigators reported positive

effects of auxins on growth and yield of several crop plants (Fasheun and

Dennett, 1982, on faba bean; Baz et al, 1984, on soybean; Singh and

Rathore, 1988, on mung bean; Salem, 1989, on soybean; El-Bassiouny and

Shukry, 2001, on cowpea; El-Abd et al, 1989, on faba bean; Reddy and

Majumder, 2004, on Vigina mungo; Tomar and Singh, 2005, on Pisum

sativum; and Deotale et al 2005, on Vigna radiat )

Salicylic acid (C7H6O3) is an endogenous growth

regulator of phenolic nature, which participates in

the regulation of physiological processes in plant,

such as ion uptake and transport, inhibition of

ethylene biosynthesis, transpiration [3,4],

stomatal regulation under abiotic stress

conditions [3,5]. It plays a vital role in plant

growth, plant water relations [6]. Foliar

application of salicylic acid exerted a significant

effect on plant growth metabolism when applied

at physiological concentration and thus acted as

one of the plant growth regulating substances [7].

Hiiii

Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a phytohormone that is

needed in small quantities at low concentration to

accelerate plant growth and development. So, favorable

condition may be induced by applying growth regulator

exogenously in proper concentration at a proper time in

a specific crop by GA3. Gibberellic acid is such a plant

growth regulator, which can manipulate a variety of

growth and development phenomena in various crops.

GA3 enhances growth activities to plant, stimulates

stem elongation and increases dry weight and yield

Salicylic acid (50 ppm) increased the yi