Republika ng Pilipinas

TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY - LABORATORY SCHOOL

Lucinda Campus, Tarlac City
Tel. No. (045) 493-0182; Fax No. (045) 982-0110
Re-accredited Level III by the Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges
and Universities of the Philippines (AACUP), Inc.

Assignment
#1

Name: Johnlyn Faye Mascarinias

Submitted to: Princess Ira Santillan
 Republika ng Pilipinas
TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY - LABORATORY SCHOOL
Lucinda Campus, Tarlac City
Tel. No. (045) 493-0182; Fax No. (045) 982-0110
Re-accredited Level III by the Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges
and Universities of the Philippines (AACUP), Inc.

What is Disaster?
- Disasters are serious disruptions to the functioning of a community that exceed its capacity to cope using its
own resources.
PHYSICAL DISASTERS
Definition
- Physical Disasters are human-made disasters. They are anthropogenic or are caused by
humans/humans’ doings.

EXAMPLE OF PHYSICAL DISASTER

1. FIRE

At least 71 families were left homeless in four fires that

broke out in Pasay, Muntinlupa and Manila on
February 1, 2023. In Pasay, around 20 families were
displaced after seven houses along Park Avenue
Extension in Barangay 75 were destroyed by fire. An
arson investigator at the Pasay fire station said there
were no casualties in the fire, which destroyed
P200,000 worth of property. The fire broke out at
around 6:01 a.m. and destroyed several houses before it
was put out an hour later.

In Manila, fires broke out at an abandoned house and a

shanty community. The two-story house – apparently
SOURCE: PhilStar News
left unfinished and filled with cartons, tarpaulins and
plastic products – along Mindanao street in Sampaloc caught fire at around 6 a.m. The fire reached first alarm
before it was doused at around 6:46 a.m., the BFP reported. At past 1 p.m., a fire broke out in Baseco Compound,
Port Area and reached third alarm before it was put out at around 3:19 p.m.
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE:
1. Walking away from the kitchen when cooking with gas:
2. The electrical cord in your home is depleted: Frayed or chewed electrical TIPS ON PREVENTING FIRE:
cords result in a lot of house fires. Uncovered electrical wire on your floor or rug 1. Have smoke alarms
can catch flame in seconds. installed.
3. Overloading your power strips: Overloading of power strips can cause fire.
2. Have fire extinguishers.
When overloaded, these power strips can spark. If they are somewhere near a
3. Watch the wiring!
flammable object, a fire is very probable making this a serious hazard.
4. Buying a faulty electrical appliance: Malfunctioning electrical equipment is a 4. Be careful cooking.
huge cause of fire. A lot of us own many electrical appliances, some of which 5. Monitor and maintain
can fault at any time. other appliances.
5. When we put something combustible near something hot: Putting something 6. Keep the small fry away
flammable close to a source of heat is a rapid way to begin a fire. A few from the flames.
dangerous examples comprise lamp shades that rest too near to the bulb, clothes, 7. Use sense if you smoke.
or drapes too near to a radiator, or any combustible material near to a space 8. Establish escape plans!
heater.
6. When we leave a candle unattended for some time: Candles result in a lot of
fire cases every year. Even with a protected holder, candles must never be left unattended. It merely takes a few
minutes for a pet or child to blow the candle or have it near a flammable object.
7. Using a fireplace or wood stove in the wrong way: Fireplaces as well as wood stoves can be a source of fire
hazards when they are not correctly used. Ensure that your chimney is apparent and clean prior to burning
anything. Do not throw away the ashes until they are 100% cool, even the smallest smoldering coal could
effortlessly start a fire in your garbage bin.
8. Leaving burning cigarettes: Cigarettes are a massive source of any fire hazard. Smoking on the couch, leaving a
pipe or a cigarette carelessly or baring ashtray contents prior to getting cool cause a lot of fires every year.

2. GLOBAL WARMING and CLIMATE CHANGE

Throughout its long history, Earth has warmed and cooled time and again. Climate has changed when the planet
received more or less sunlight due to subtle shifts in its orbit, as the atmosphere or surface changed, or when the
Sun’s energy varied. But in the past century, another force has started to influence Earth’s climate: humanity.
Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earth’s average surface temperature over the past century
 Republika ng Pilipinas
TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY - LABORATORY SCHOOL
Lucinda Campus, Tarlac City
Tel. No. (045) 493-0182; Fax No. (045) 982-0110
Re-accredited Level III by the Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges
and Universities of the Philippines (AACUP), Inc.
primarily due to the greenhouse gases released
by people burning fossil fuels. Earth has
experienced climate change in the past without
help from humanity. But the current climatic
warming is occurring much more rapidly than
past warming events.

The changes to weather and ecosystems will also

affect people more directly. Hardest hit will be
those living in low-lying coastal areas, and
residents of poorer countries who do not have
the resources to adapt to changes in temperature
extremes and water resources. As tropical
temperature zones expand, the reach of some
infectious diseases, such as malaria, will change. Coalition (house.gov)
More intense rains and hurricanes and rising sea
levels will lead to more severe flooding and potential loss of property and life.

CONCLUSION and KEY TAKEAWAYS

Fire is an example of physical disaster which is caused predominantly by the different human doings written above.
If only humans are more careful with their environment and the resources they have, if only chemicals and other
flammable materials were not invented by humans, there would be no fire incidents which kills tremendous
number of lives and destroys millions of properties occurred, and still occurring today. Furthermore, another
example of physical disaster is the global warming and climate change which has been a global contemporary
crisis trying to be solved by everyone but keep on getting worse because of everyone.

SOCIAL DISASTER
Definition:
These are disasters which predominantly affect the society and the whole community, hugely. Example is the very
timely and famous, COVID-19 pandemic.
SOCIOLOGY OF DISASTER
- is a sub-field of sociology that explores the social relations amongst both natural and human-made
disasters.
- Its scope includes local, national, and global disasters - highlighting these as distinct events that are
connected by people through created displacement, trauma, and loss.

Global Disaster/Social Disaster:

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global outbreak of
coronavirus, an infectious disease caused by the severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
virus. The first cases of novel coronavirus (nCoV) were
first detected in China in December 2019, with the virus
spreading rapidly to other countries across the world. This
led WHO to declare a Public Health Emergency of
International Concern on 30 January 2020, and to
characterize the outbreak as a pandemic on 11 March
2020. Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, over 2
million people in the European Region have died from the
disease. Most people infected with the virus will
experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and
recover without requiring special treatment. However, some will become seriously ill and require medical
attention. Older people and those with underlying medical conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic
respiratory disease, or cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. Anyone can get sick with COVID-19 and
become seriously ill or die at any age. The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed
about the disease and how the virus spreads. The virus can spread from an infected person’s mouth or nose in
small liquid particles when they cough, sneeze, speak, sing, or breathe.

CONCLUSION:
Covid-19 outbreak is the spread of an infectious and contagious disease/virus that kills millions of people all over
the world. The society is hugely affected by this disaster; everyone is. There were no humans and human activities
seen in the streets and roads of every country since they all followed the community quarantine. Because of that,
 Republika ng Pilipinas
TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY - LABORATORY SCHOOL
Lucinda Campus, Tarlac City
Tel. No. (045) 493-0182; Fax No. (045) 982-0110
Re-accredited Level III by the Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges
and Universities of the Philippines (AACUP), Inc.
unprecedented decrease in pollution happened for the first time in years. The good side is, anthropogenic activities
are reduced, physical disasters decreased, and the earth is more far from global warming and climate change.
However, this hugely affected the socialization of the people, along with the supply shortages, including food that
were caused by the supply chain disruptions. Also, educational institutions such as the schools and public areas
were all closed so the learning of the students all around the world relied on the module learning and online
learning without the proper, effective, and traditional way of teaching and learning through physical classes. Social
media and the online world have really stepped up, and fake news has circulated as well as the intensification of
political tensions. This social disaster has affected each life and each family all around the world. Many have lost
their loved ones, and many has been fighting for their lives, even for others’ lives.

ECONOMIC DISASTER
ECONOMIC - Economic means concerned with the organization of the money, industry, and trade of a country,
region, or society.
ECONOMIC DISASTER - is a breakdown of a national, regional, or territorial economy that typically follows a
time of crisis. An economic collapse occurs at the onset of a severe version of an economic contraction, depression,
or recession and can last any number of years depending on the severity of the circumstances. An economic
collapse can happen rapidly due to an unexpected event, or it may be preceded by several events or signs pointing
to fragility in the economy.
EXAMPLES OF ECONOMIC DISASTER
There are many examples of national-level economic collapse throughout history. Each economic collapse
typically has its own special circumstances and factors, although some share triggers as with the Great Depression.
Oftentimes these factors are mixed with many of the macroeconomic factors that occur in contractions and
recessions such as hyperinflation, stagflation, stock market crashes, extended bear markets, and unbalanced interest
and inflation rates. Of course, economic collapses can also occur from extraordinary factors like disastrous
government policies, a depressed global market, or the old standbys of war, famine, plague, and death.

The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, which spread across the globe—starting in China, then Europe, then the Americas
—is another example of an external shock leading to a global economic downturn. The pandemic has triggered
severe social and economic disruption around the world, including the largest global recession since the Great
Depression.

There are also many international economic collapses that have occurred throughout history. The Soviet Union,
Latin America, Greece, and Argentina have all made headlines in this regard. In the cases of Greece and Argentina,
both economic collapses were brought about by severe issues with sovereign debt. In both Greece and Argentina,
sovereign debt collapses led to consumer riots, a drop in the currency, international bailout support, and an
overhaul of the government.
INFLATION RATE AND ONIONS
In the Philippines, another example of economic disaster is the inflation rate and the increasing prices of goods and
services such as the red onion.

Elected last June, President Ferdinand Marcos Jr has

struggled to fulfil campaign promises to bring down
inflation, which hit 8.7% in January, driven by an 11.2%
jump in food prices, the biggest since 2009. Like the rest
of the world, the Philippines is having to pay a lot more
for energy imports, but it is the steepling prices of staple
foodstuffs that has become most hard to stomach. The cost
of onions – a mainstay in almost all Philippine dishes –
shot up from around P70 ($1.28) a kilo in April to as much
as P700 in December, making them more expensive than
meat.

Awkwardly for Marcos, who also holds the agriculture

portfolio, the onion shortages stemmed largely from
import delays. Imported onions, bought mostly from India and China, require sanitary and phytosanitary permits
for quarantine and biosecurity purposes.

Acknowledging that part of the fault lay with poor planning, Marcos has acted to speed up imports and prices have
tumbled from December’s highs, but rates in a Manila wet market are still around double the year ago levels. “The
price of onion is still like gold,” said Joey Reyes, a 52-year-old grocery store owner, who is waiting for prices to
come down a lot further before she starts stocking onions again.
 Republika ng Pilipinas
TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY - LABORATORY SCHOOL
Lucinda Campus, Tarlac City
Tel. No. (045) 493-0182; Fax No. (045) 982-0110
Re-accredited Level III by the Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges
and Universities of the Philippines (AACUP), Inc.

Consumer frustration is limited for now to social media memes, with some finding humour the best way to deal
with hardship.

CONCLUSION:
I conclude that economical disasters are the ones that needs to be solved for the sake of the whole
country/community but are given band-aid solutions by the government instead. The promise of Marcos that he
will improve the inflation rate of the country and give Filipinos a 20-pesos price of rice per kilo seems to be meant
broken. Because the inflation rate of the country today is in real time crisis and in economic disaster. Which affects
the people and the whole country as well as the financial factors of the country and its overall economy. Our
country is poor, and it is not getting better because of the economical disaster it is facing. The saying, “pangulo o
panggulo” is becoming more relevant as the inflation rate and price of onions and other goods are increasing more
and more while the president is just chilling on his bed, traveling to other places and doing his thing for his own
benefit while neglecting the situation and economical crisis faced by many Filipinos. Instead of making the
solution for the disaster, the president is making himself the problem.

ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER
What is an environmental disaster?
An environmental disaster or ecological disaster is defined as a catastrophic event regarding the natural
environment that is due to human activity. This point distinguishes environmental disasters from other disturbances
such as natural disasters and intentional acts of war such as nuclear bombings.

EXAMPLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER

THE TURKEY AND SYRIA EARTHQUAKE

in one province, mayor says | Daily Mail Online

The February 6 earthquake and its aftershocks that ravaged swathes of Turkey and Syria and killed more than
44,000 people has split Demirkopru in two.

"The houses sank four meters," said Mahir Karatas, a 42-year-old farmer and owner of the grey house. "The
ground went up and down."

Half a dozen buildings, close to Karatas' house, seem to have suffered the wrath of God. The body of a black and
white cow is stuck in dried mud inside what remains of a farm shed.

The mayor of Hatay in Turkey has declared more than 21,000 people have been confirmed dead in the southeastern
province amid last week's brutal quakes - almost half the overall death toll of 46,000 people.Lutfu Savas told local
broadcaster HaberTurk that an additional 24,000 people had been injured, with makeshift medical facilities
completely overwhelmed. 'At least 80 per cent of the buildings must be demolished in Antakya,' Savas said.
Antakya is the capital of Hatay and the site of the ancient city of Antioch. The number of confirmed deaths in
Turkey due to the earthquake rose to 40,689, Yunus Sezer, head of the country's disaster agency AFAD, said.
Roughly six thousand more people lost their lives across the border in Syria. Sezer told journalists in Turkey's
 Republika ng Pilipinas
TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY - LABORATORY SCHOOL
Lucinda Campus, Tarlac City
Tel. No. (045) 493-0182; Fax No. (045) 982-0110
Re-accredited Level III by the Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges
and Universities of the Philippines (AACUP), Inc.
capital Ankara that search and rescue work in nine of the 11 provinces hit by the quake had ended as efforts
focused on demolishing unstable buildings to prevent further deaths.
Fortunately, no one died in Demirkopru despite the heavy damage, but some were injured.

Rescue efforts in Hatay province have largely focused on Antakya, an ancient city that has been torn apart by the
quake, 20 kilometers (12.5 miles) away from Demirkopru. During the tremor, water rose from below ground then
stagnated, residents said. The ornately paved road no longer exists. Some bits are now a meter higher than others.
"Here, it became like an island," Murat Yar, a 38-year-old roofer, said. "It went up, down, up, down, and then it
slid down 30 meters. We saw water and sand gushing out," he added, mimicking the tremor's waves with his hands.
Residents could "jump out from the windows of their one and two-storey homes," Yar said, unlike in Antakya
where people lived in multi-storey homes. When the quake hit, the villagers scrambled to safety in an area
designated by authorities in case of any tremors. But such was its force, even that cracked. In front of a school
whose gate was thrown 20 meters away is a yawning gap that zig zags but no damage is visible on the building's
facade. Further away four buildings belonging to another school appear like dominoes piled on top of a large
earthen mound.
WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF THE EARTHQUAKE?
The outermost layer of the Earth is comprised of constantly moving tectonic plates that collide or slide along one
another. The crust along plate margin stores elastic energy until is it released as sudden movement during
earthquakes. Plates can collide with one another, such as between Arabia and Anatolia; or they can slide sideways,
such as on the San Andreas Fault. Although the plate motions are different, the type of displacement and
magnitude of the earthquakes in Turkey are like what is forecast for the San Andreas in Southern California. When
earthquakes of this magnitude happen near a populated region or in an urban center, they're going to cause
tremendous destruction. Depending on where you are in the world and how buildings are constructed, buildings
can collapse like we've seen in Turkey. Magnitude is not the only thing that determines the level of damage. The
epicenter here was very shallow, which means that the intensity of the ground shaking can make the earthquake
more damaging. The large number of very strong aftershocks can also destroy buildings already weakened by the
first event.

The timing of this earthquake, unfortunately, was 4 a.m., when people were home and asleep. The damage can kill
more people when they're at home. In Southeastern Turkey, on the border with Syria, there is also a large
population of refugees who are already highly marginalized. That makes the impact of the destruction much worse.
It makes it a lot harder for them to recover.

The type of shaking we saw in Turkey, for example, is very applicable for California—how the earthquake
occurred, how the waves propagated are important considerations, and they may affect how we design
infrastructure. We want to learn about the response of buildings that were, in fact, built based on the modern codes
and standards. If this building was designed based on those codes, why did it still collapse?

CONCLUSION:

Earthquakes are example of environmental disaster because it is a natural disaster made by the nature or the earth
itself. It is not created or made by humans or humans’ doings. It just happens unexpectedly because it is the earth’s
doing and we can never predict what the earth would do or what these tectonic plates would do in the future. All
the destructions made by earthquakes are all natural and were not manipulated by any human living on earth.
Hence, it is indeed an example of natural or environmental disaster. Earthquakes can cause incredible devastation,
especially in regions that are suffering politically and economically. That makes it a very common and famous
natural/environmental disaster ever existing.
 Republika ng Pilipinas
TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY - LABORATORY SCHOOL
Lucinda Campus, Tarlac City
Tel. No. (045) 493-0182; Fax No. (045) 982-0110
Re-accredited Level III by the Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges
and Universities of the Philippines (AACUP), Inc.

REFERENCES:
o https://phys.org/news/2023-02-tragic-earthquake-turkey-syria-california.html
o https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/world/861348/turkey-quake-cuts-village-in-two/story/
o https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11769081/Almost-half-46-000-people-killed-Turkey-Syria-
earthquakes-died-one-province-mayor-says.html
o https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economic-collapse.asp
o https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/economic-disaster
o https://seec-tonko.house.gov/taxonomy/issues/climate-change
o https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming
o https://www.doomandbloom.net/8-ways-to-prevent-fires/#:~:text=8%20Ways%20to%20Prevent%20Fires
%201%201.%20Have,smoke%20...%208%208.%20Establish%20escape%20plans%20 8 Ways to Prevent
Fires | (doomandbloom.net)
o https://strattraining.co.za/common-causes-fire-fighting/#:~:text=Common%20causes%20of%20fire
%201%201.%20Walking%20away,power%20strips%20can%20cause%20fire.%20...%20More%20items
Common Causes of Fire You Need to Know 🎖️| Strat Training
o https://www.dpsolutions.com/blog/types-of- disasters#:~:text=Physical%20Disasters%20could%20include
%20the%20following%3A%201%20General,cooling%20issues%20which%20could%20make%20a
%20workplace%20unusable Types of Disasters to Consider for Your Disaster Recovery Plan (dpsolutions.com)
o https://www.ifrc.org/our-work/disasters-climate-and-crises/what-disaster