1.

This study aims to evaluate the impact of internship programs on the

professional as well as on personal development and skills of business
students in the Philippines. The data of the study consisted of 10
undergraduating tourism and hospitality students of 4-year degree
programs from Aldersgate College. The study used structured
questionnaire (35 close-ended questions assessed using 5-point Likert
scale) comprised of six parts: Part I: Demographic information, Part II:
Reasons for participation in internship, and Part III to VI: Assessment
of information related to professional and personal growth and skills.
The study employed descriptive analysis to evaluate demographic
information and central tendencies of the responses. Furthermore, scale
measurement analysis is used to check distribution normality of study
data and reliability of the questionnaire. The results of the study depict
the impact of internship programs on the professional and personal
growth and skills of the business students of Pakistan.

Significance of the Study

This study will be useful and can give contribution to the following:

The Institution. The result of this study will provide them new strategies to enhance the
success of the internship program and the satisfaction of tourism and hospitality students
and interns.
 Tourism and Hospitality Students. This study can help the students be equipped
with necessary information and skills needed to have a better experience and to perform
better during their internship.

Future Researchers. The result of this study could be use a foundation for their
future research on the success of internship programs for the tourism and hospitality
industry.

Scope and Delimitation

In general, this study's emphasis is on evaluating tourism and hospitality interns and
strengthening the internship program to ensure its success and happiness.

The study is delimited to Aldersgate College students of tourism and hospitality who are
currently undergoing on-the-job training.

CHAPTER 2

1. What is the importance of the related studies and literature for your research?
In the modern world, obtaining that crucial graduate job offer no longer depends just on
having a decent degree. Nowadays, relevant job experience is just as important for
launching a successful career as a college degree and test scores. As a result, internships
have emerged as a crucial tool for individuals looking to differentiate themselves. This
research provides crucial information comparing student performance on their current
internship to their previous internship performance, which helps the school professors
and immersion trainer to increase the success and satisfaction of the tourism and
hospitality students at Aldersgate College.
One of the fundamental objectives for national growth is the quality of education
provided at the nation's higher education institutions. The type of educational preparation
pertaining to industry work is a linked topic of the ongoing concern. An educational
symposium on current issues in the food industry pinpoints its crucial role in bridging the
gaps between the need for more labor and the skills that are currently being obtained. The
role of educational training programs is seen as a key element in helping individuals gain
the abilities required by the industry. Therefore, it is essential that the objectives of
business and academia be combined. In relation to bridging the knowledge and skill gap
between what the industry needs and what the educational institution can offer.

2. How should your supporting literature be cited or paraphrased in the study?

.It could be able to clip and paste chosen bits of a document rather than rewriting the full
passage, connecting them together in a way that conveys the text's theme and yet seems
natural. This, however, is not paraphrase. This is stealing. If you borrow text from
another book, you must credit the original author and italicize the copied passages. In a
research paper, this typically turns out to be an awkward and obtrusive technique, which
is why paraphrase is so helpful. By employing plagiarism checking programs, one might
avoid engaging in plagiarism-related wrongdoing.

3. Write a sample of citing the source of the study in a particular paragraph.

4. How do you cite the names of two or three authors in a given study?
5.How do you write the names of the authors in the citation if there are five of them?
Arroyo, R. A. (2010).Practicum Performance in Singapore and the Philippines of
Hospitality Students in State University. Asian Journal of Business and
Governance Vol. 1, No.1, January 2011
 Building Self-Confidence, Preparing Yourself for Success retrieved on
October, 2022 from
http://www.mindtools.com/selfconf.html
Commission of Higher Education Memorandum Order Retrieved October
2022 http://www.ched.gov.ph/chedwww/index.php/
Education that Makes a Difference July 15, 2013 from
http://www.niagara.edu/hospitality
Excellence in Education through Industry Based Curriculum Retrieved
on November 3, 2022 on http://iecuniversity.com/excellence-in-
education-through-industry- basedcurriculum-research-driven-
academic-programmes/
Jacobs, R.L. (2003). Structured On-the-Job Training: Unleashing Employee
Expertise in the Workplace, 2nd ed., Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.,
San Francisco. ISBN: 157675242-9.
Rothwell and Kazanas (2004) Improving On-the-Job Training: How to
Establish and Operate a Comprehensive OJT Program
Tesone, D. V (2005) Job Competency Expectations for Hospitality and
Tourism Employees: Perceptions of Educational Preparation. Journal
of Human Resource in Hospitality and
Tourism. Vol. 4, 2005 retrieved on November 4, 2022 from
http://www.apjce.org/files/APJCE_02_2_12_28.pdf
Walo, M. (2001).Assessing the Contribution of Internship in Developing
Australian Tourism and
Hospitality Students’ Management Competencies. Asia Pacific
Journal of Cooperative Education retrieved on November 4, 2022 from
http://www.apjce.org/files/APJCE_02_2_12_28.pdf , Asia Pac
6. Explain the importance of literature review in supporting the
variables of the study.
A literature review should highlight how your study fits in with what is already
known by educators about the important variables, familiarize the reader with prior
research that has been done on the subject, and make a strong case for why the study is
necessary. The researchers ought to have have looked over earlier works of literature by
this stage. As a result, you ought to have previously accumulated a lot of books, journal
articles, and other sources. In order to build a compelling narrative about your variables
under research in this step,
In the publication Job Competency Expectations for Hospitality Sector and
Tourism Employees: Perceptions of Educational Preparation, it is demonstrated how
practitioners perceive the desired attitudes, knowledge, and competencies. It further
reveals the general perceptions of practitioners with regard to the degrees of training
required for entry-level positions in the industry. This paper Presents our findings and
recommendations for major joint projects with the goal of better preparing graduates
from both secondary and postsecondary institutions for occupations in the hotel and
tourist sector.

7. Make your synthesis of the Review of Related Literature and Studies from your
Research Title.
The emphasis of "on-the-job training" for students is on the development of skills in the
workplace, usually in typical working circumstances. Prior to the invention of off-site
training classes, it was the first type of training. Working beside an experienced
employee in a specific craft or profession was the only real method to learn a job.
Students learn both broad skills that they may use to other jobs and specialized skills that
are specific to a certain career through on-the-job training. Verbal and textual education,
demonstration and observation, hands-on practice and imitation, and on-the-job training
are all included in the exposure to training.
Numerous research suggest that it is the most efficient kind of instruction. The private
sector is responsible for the lion's share of on-the-job training. Programs for formal
training on the job with firm managers and learning by doing are also available.
In the professional literature, there are two types of on-the-job training: organized
(planned) and unstructured (unplanned). Unstructured on-the-job training results in
variable training outcomes while structured on-the-job training takes upfront work and
consistently generates training outputs of predictable quality. Unstructured OJT has
several drawbacks, including the following: the desired training outcome is rarely
achieved, and when it is, trainees rarely achieve the same outcomes; the training content
is frequently incorrect or incomplete, and may represent an accumulation of bad habits,
false information, and potentially dangerous shortcuts on which employees have grown to
rely over time; experienced employees are rarely able to communicate what they know in
a way that others can understand; experienced employees use a variety of shortcuts that
are not always safe; and Many employees fear that sharing their knowledge and skills
will diminish their own status as experts and possibly jeopardize their job security.
Alternatively, they may not be given enough time off from their duties to deliver the
training to others, which increases error rates, lowers productivity, reduces training
efficiency, and is generally ineffective. Jackson, 2003
However, structured OJT has been demonstrated to be superior to unstructured
OJT and, in some situations, classroom instruction due to the way the framework of the
training allowed for skill mastering. Training goals were accomplished five times more
quickly using structured OJT than unstructured OJT. Jackson, 2003
Finally, the training inputs and training program lead to the training outputs. If everything
goes according to plan, one of the training's outcomes should be the trainee's ability to
carry out activities as assigned effectively and in line with the training objectives.
Someone must evaluate the training process—inputs, the training program, and outputs—
after a training program is complete and new hires start working independently to ensure
that it successfully prepared personnel for their tasks and to determine whether any
adjustments are required.
Additionally, the practicum program has several highlighted areas for development.
According to Freebee (2003), students believed that the practicum program lacked
parental engagement, time, and the collaborative paradigm. The latter calls for teacher
consultation. Additionally, it was noted that there was a need for additional classroom
flexibility because of the abundance of testing. She also discovered a strong correlation
between the practicum program and the students' expectations of completing the program
goals listed in the course material. It was stated that evaluating the effectiveness of
student performance outcomes should be the main emphasis of a successful program
evaluation. To do this, it must be correlated with the program's aims and objectives and
integrated with the program's learning expectations.
Before and after the internship component of their degree program, students'
assessments of their level of managerial ability were evaluated in the study by Walo
(2001). For the empirical phases of the study, a self-assessment tool leveraging the
management competences within the competing values was used. According to the
report, the internship program has been successful in helping this cohort of students
strengthen their management skills. The study shows the need for more research in this
area and offers insightful information about the connection between internships and the
growth of students' management skills.

8. Look for at least 15 literature and paraphrase it.

A case study of Taiwanese universities reveals how training, satisfaction with internship
programs, and job confidence differ among students studying hospitality.
Taylor & Francis's WH Ko: Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 2008
With a strong mentor relationship, students felt their internship experiences were more
effective. the examination of the effectiveness and satisfaction of internships in the
tourism sector. a journal
The factors that influence student satisfaction with hospitality sector internship programs:
a case study in the USA
Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 2018 - FM Hussien, M La Lopa - Taylor & Francis
Student interns benefit from the experience gained through an effective internship
program.
programs. Their performance tends to view the internship experience as the aim of this, 

Tomorrow's practitioner—intern? today's —The impact of internship programs on

students' growth as professionals in the hospitality industry
Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism, TL Chen, CC Shen, 2012 - Elsevier
... assisting in the internship's success. In addition, how satisfied are you with an
Each internship program has an impact

Does happiness with an internship lead to increased employability? improved

employability and happiness with internships in a hospitality program
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism, T Chen, C Shen, and M Gosling, 2018 - Elsevier
Successful internships inspire students to pursue careers in the tourism and hospitality
industries
The student's pleasure with their own performance led to employability.

The moderating role of social support in determining job demand, emotional awareness,
and job happiness in internships
Social Behavior and..., 2009, by FC Chen, E Ku, YH Shyr, and FH Chen -
ingentaconnect.com
A strong academic program in hospitality and tourism... To do this, schools offer
Develop internship opportunities for students in the fields of tourism and hospitality.

Factors influencing Chinese hotel interns' career intentions and satisfaction with their
internship experiences
... of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism..., 2021 - Elsevier, by H Qu, XY Leung, SS
Huang, and J He
..., administrative support, performance assessment, and the applicability of the
internships
The factor of internship accomplishments, which represents student interns'

Factors influencing Chinese hotel interns' happiness with their internship experience and
career aspirations
Elsevier, 2021, "Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism," by H Qu, XY Leung, SS Huang,
and J He
..., support from administration, assessment of performance, and the applicability of the
internships
This study identified the influence of internship accomplishments, which reflects student
interns'

The success of internship programs among Korean students in the country's hospitality
sector
Journal of Tourism, 1998, J. Ju, DA Emenheiser, HR Clayton, Taylor & Francis
The opinions and general levels of satisfaction of Korean students with the
their internship in hospitality... The internship program provided chances to succeed in
work

The importance of hotel internships and student happiness in determining career

intentions
Eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk: C Giousmpasoglou, "Journal of Tourism," 2021
... that effective internships can lead to student happiness in hospitality internship
programs
completion may advance your career and keep track of how well your intern is doing.

Sports internship effectiveness and contentment: Using the proactive motivation model
Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism, WC Lu, CC Kuo, 2016 - Elsevier
the factors that influence internship success and happiness,... circumstances that favor
the likelihood of a successful career..., and the target internship were chosen by the
students themselves,

An analysis of the relationship between student performance in food and beverage

services courses and internships in the hospitality industry's F&B division
International Journal of..., 2014 - m.merogostar.com DR Buted, SS Felicen
... of higher education in the hospitality and tourist industry, describes the... satisfaction
of hospitality students
Through internship programs, employers can find qualified candidates for jobs and
prepare them for success.

An investigation on the attitudes of hospitality students toward their internships: an

example from Hang Zhou, China
International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality, 2014, Y Bao, GY Fang -
academia.edu
... knowledge of the hotel and tourist industries, as well as...) that the
the link between intern job performance, internships in the hospitality program,

An example of university-industry collaboration is the Taiwanese integrated internship

program (IIP).
Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 2009, Taylor & Francis, DY Chang, PY
Chu
... them more successful in their future careers. Student interns are quite valuable,
according to Scott (1992).
happy that the internship program... supported the student interns' business performance

Students' perceptions of the function and significance of internship programs as a

component of formal education: The case of the college of tourism
Turistiko poslovanje, 2017 - scindeks.ceon.rs, D. Mimevi, S.
companies where they conduct internship programs, as well as how satisfied they are
with them
the internship, perceptions of the internship's success, and future plans to pursue a
hospitality

An investigation at internship practices in hospitality education and how the industry

views the value of internships in the curriculum
Taylor & Francis, 1997; MJ Petrillose, R Montgomery; Journal of Hospitality & Tourism
... as well as increased satisfaction with the job's extrinsic incentives. ... A crucial element
of
The... performance, lack of resources to visit student interns on-site, and success of the
internship...