COURSE CODE: IA 327 (ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

AND MAINTENANCE)
Module 2

2nd Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021

Introduction
Electrical tasked can be accomplished systematically to save time, effort, and resources.
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Most of the work cannot be done using bare hands. To do the task, electrical tools are needed
to perform the job.

Intended Learning Outcomes:

Use appropriate hand tools and test equipment

Topic/s: Use of Hand Tools

DIFFERENT TYPES OF HAND TOOLS AND THEIR USES

Driving Tools

Screwdriver is a device specifically

designed to insert and tighten or to
loosen and remove screws. A
screwdriver comprises a head or tip
which engages with a screw, a
mechanism to apply torque by
rotating the tip and some way to
position and support the screwdriver.
A typical hand screwdriver comprises
an approximately cylindrical handle of
a size and shape to be held by a
human hand and an axial shaft fixed
to the handle, the tip of which is
shaped to fit a particular type of
screw. The handle and shaft allow the
screwdriver to be positioned and
supported when rotated to apply
torque.

 Flat Screwdriver is used to drive or

fasten negative slotted screws.

 Phillips Screwdriver is used to

drive or fasten positive slotted screws. It is
a screwdriver that could take greater
torque and can provide tighter fastenings.
  Hex (Allen Wrench) is used to
drive or fasten hexagonal screws. The
head has a hexagonal hole turned by an
allen key. An Allen key is a hexagonal
shaped wrench bent in letter-L. The
Allen key was invented by an American,
Gilbert F. Heublein.
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 Precision Screwdriver Set is a

set of small screw drivers composed of
slotted and Philips screwdrivers.

Soldering Tools

 Soldering Iron is a device used

for applying heat to melt solder in
attaching two metal parts. A soldering
iron is composed of a heated metal tip
and an insulated handle. Heating is
often achieved electrically, by passing a
current, supplied through an electrical
cord, through a heating element. For
electrical work, wires are usually
soldered to printed circuit boards, other
wires, or small terminals. A low-power
iron (15-30 Watts) is suitable for this
work.
  Soldering Tool Stand is a place
of the soldering iron to keep them away
from flammable materials. The stand
often also comes with a sponge and
flux pot for cleaning the tip.

 Desoldering tool is used for the

removal of solder and components

from a circuit when
troubleshooting, repair purposes
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and to save components.

Electronic components are often
mounted on a circuit board and it
is usually desirable to avoid
damaging the circuit board,
surrounding components, and the
component being removed.

Splicing Tools

Combination Pliers (Lineman’s Pliers).

This is used for gripping, holding, and
cutting electrical wires and cables and
even small nails. They are usually used
by linemen in doing heavy tasks.

 Long Nose is used for holding,

bending and stretching the lead of
electronic component or connecting
wire.

 Side Cutter. It is a wire-cutting

plier, though they are not used to grab
or turn anything, but are used to cut
wire.

 Wire Stripper. It is a pair of

opposing blades much like scissors or
wire cutters. The addition of a center notch
makes it easier to cut the insulation
without cutting the wire. This type of wire
stripper is used by rotating it around the
insulation while applying pressure in order
to make a cut around the insulation. Since
the insulation is not bonded with the wire,
it will be pulled easily at the end.
 BORING TOOLS

Volt Mini-Drill. It is used to bore or drill holes

in the printed circuit board (pcb)
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Portable Electric Drill. It is used

for boring hole/s in the plastic
chassis or metal chassis with the
used of drill bits.

Metal File. It is a hand tool used

to shape metals by grinding. A file
series of sharp, parallel ridges or
teeth. Most files have a narrow,
pointed tang at one end to which
a handle can be fitted.

Flat File. They are parallel in width and

tapered in thickness. They are used for flat
surfaces and edges.

Half Round Files. They are

tapers in width and thickness,
coming to a point, and are
narrower than a standard half
round which are used for filing
inside of rings.
 Round Files. They are also called
rat-tail files gradually tapered and are
used for many tasks that require a
round tool, such as enlarging round
holes or cutting a scalloped edge.

Cutting Tool
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Utility Knife. It is a common tool

used in cutting various trades and
crafts for a variety of purposes.

HAMMER
Are mostly used tools in the shop. They
should be gripped at the end of the handle.

Ball-peen Hammer. It is a type of

hammer used in metalworking. The
ball-peen hammer remains useful for
many tasks such as tapping punches
and chisels. The original function of the
hammer was to "peen" riveted or welded
material so that it will exhibit the same
elastic behavior as the surrounding
material.

Magnifying Glass. It is a convex lens

which is used to produce a magnified
image of an object. The lens is usually
mounted in a frame with a handle (see
image). Roger Bacon is the original
inventor of the magnifying glass. A
magnifying glass works by creating a
magnified virtual image of an object
behind the lens. The distance between
the lens and the object must be shorter
than the focal length of the lens for this
to occur. Otherwise, the image appears
smaller and inverted, and can be used to
 project images onto surfaces. The framed lens may be mounted on a stand,
keeping the lens at the right distance from the table, and therefore at the
right distance from the object on the table. The latter applies if the object is
small and also if the height is adjustable. Some magnifying glasses are
foldable with built-in light.

Paint Brush. It is made of bristles

set in handle used for cleaning dirty
parts of a circuit or an object.
Performing roughing-in, wiring and
cabling works.
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PULL-PUSH RULE
This familiar device is spring-loaded so that the
tape retracts into its metal or plastic case when
not in use.

HACKSAW
A saw with a narrow fine toothed blade set in
a frame, used especially for cutting metals.

TOOL BOX
Is a box used to organize, carry, and protect
the owner's tools.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Commonly referred to as "PPE", is equipment

worn to minimize exposures to hazards that
cause serious workplace injuries and illness .
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

 Hand gloves
 Goggles
 Ear muffs/plugs
 Shoes
 Hard Hat
 Reflecting Jacket
 Safety belt and harness
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 Mask
 Pants

Proper use of hand tools

 Ensure that employees are properly trained in the safe use of hand
tools.
 Always provide training on how to choose the right tool for the job,
how to correctly use each tool, and how to identify when tools need to
repair.
 Select the right tool for the job. Substitutes increase the chance of
having an accident.
 Use tools designed to allow wrist to stay straight. Avoid using hand
tools with your wrist bent.
 Use good quality tools.
 Keep tools in good condition at all times.
 Inspect tools for defects before use. Replace or repair defective tools.
 Keep cutting tools sharp and cover sharp edges with a suitable
covering to protect the tool and to prevent injuries form unintended
contact.
 Replace cracked, splintered, or broken handles on files, hammers,
screwdrivers, or sledges.
 Ensure that the handles of tools like hammers and axes fit tightly
into the head of the tool.
 Replace worn jaws on wrenches, pipe tools and pliers.
 Redress burred or mushroomed heads of striking tools.

What to avoid when using hand tools

 Do not use tools for jobs they are not intended to do.
 Do not apply excessive force or pressure on tools.
 Do not cut towards yourself when using cutting tools.
 Do not wear bulky gloves to operate hand tools.
 Do not throw tools. Hand them, handle first, directly to the workers.
 Do not carry a sharp tool in your pocket.
 Electrical Supplies and Materials

Electrical materials are developed and constructed for a special purpose such as to:

1. control the flow of current in an electrical circuit;

2. carry electrical current from the source to the load or current consuming apparatus;
3. hold and secure wires to its fixtures inside and outside houses and buildings; and
4. protect the houses, buildings, appliances’ and instruments from any destruction and
damage.
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The following are the most commonly used electrical materials.

MATERIALS AND PICTURES

DESCRIPTION

Convenience outlet- a
device that acts as a
convenient source of
electrical energy for current
consuming appliances. It is
where the male plug of an Surface type (duplex)
appliance is inserted and
usually fastened on the wall
or connected in an extension
cord. It maybe single, duplex,
triplex or multiplex and could
be surface type or flush type.

Flush type (duplex)

Male plug- a device inserted

to a convenience outlet to
conduct electric current. A flat
cord is attached to it on one
end and the other end is
connected to a current
consuming instrument or
appliance.
 Lamp holders- devices that hold
and protect the lamp and are also
called as
―Lamp Sockets/Receptacles‖.
These come in many designs and Flush type Hanging (chain)
sizes. They are classified as flush,
hanging (weather proof/chain) and
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surface types.

Surface type Hanging (weather)

Switch - a device that connects

and disconnects the flow of electric
current in a circuit. There are many Surface type
shapes, designs, and types and
they are classified as hanging,
flush, and surface types.

Flush type Hanging type

Fuse - a circuit protective device

that automatically blows and cut the
current when and over load or short
circuit happens. Knife blade Cartridge Plug type
 Circuit Breaker - a protective
device used to automatically
blows and cuts the current
when trouble in the circuit such
as short circuit or overload
occurs. Circuit breaker
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Junction Box - an octagonal

shaped electrical material
where the connections or joints
of wires are being done. It is
also where the flush type lamp Plastic
holder is attached. This could
be made of metal or plastic
(PVC) Polyvinylchloride.

Metal

Utility Box - a rectangular

shaped metallic or plastic
(PVC) material in which flush
type convenience outlet and
switch are attached.

METAL PLASTIC

Flat Cord- Is a duplex stranded

wire used for temporary wiring
installation and commonly used
in extension cord assembly. It
comes in a roll of 150 meters
and with sizes of gauge # 18
and gauge # 16 awg (American
wire gauge). Flat cord
 Electrical Wire/Conductor-
electrical material that could
be:

a. Stranded wire which is a. Stranded wire

made of multiple strands
joined together to make a
single wire.

b. Solid wire is made of a b. Solid wire

single strand of copper or
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aluminum wire. These are

used in wiring installation
inside and outside the
buildings.

Metallic conduit
Conduits/Pipes- electrical
materials used as the
passage of wires for
protection and insulation.
These could be rigid
metallic, flexible metallic Flexible Non-metallic conduit or corrugated
conduit (FMC), rigid non- plastic conduit (CPC)
metallic (PVC), and flexible
non-metallic or corrugated
plastic conduit (CPC)

Rigid Non-metallic conduit (PVC)

Clamps- electrical materials

used to hold and anchor
electrical conduits in its
proper position.
Metal clamp Plastic clamp

Connectors- used to attach

metallic or non-metallic
conduit to the junction or Metal connector Flexible non
utility boxes. metallic connector
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