2ND Quarter Reviewer Englsih 9

ENGLISH REVIEWER
Persuasive text
Persuasive Text - refers to any text whose main purpose is to persuade other people.
• It can also be used to criticize and review ideas and actions.

• A persuasive text can be an argument, exposition, discussion, review, or even an advertisement.
Parts of persuasive text:
• Introduction
• Body (argument)
• Conclusion
Introduction - It refers to the problem and the position of the writer in the topic.
Body (argument) - Holds all the main points you as the writer want to argue.It refers to the given
arguments given by the author and the rebuttal for it.
Conclusion - It refers to the restatement of the position of the author in the given text to help the reader
make up his/ her stand in the text
Forms of Persuasive text

The appeal to reason/ Logos
It refers to the Greek word “logos” and it is the appeal to reason or logic. In this type of persuasive text,
solid facts and proof are needed to convince the readers. Numbers, charts, graphs, and percentage make
up this text stronger.
The appeal to emotion/Pathos
It refers to type of persuasion that is more appealing because people listen to their emotion more than
their minds. Faith and imagination will help the readers come to the side of the author. Ex. heartwarming
stories, personal experiences, humorous jokes, pitiful photograph
The appeal to character/ Ethos
It refers to the type of persuasive text in which the persuader tries to show himself as a person of
character and uses his virtues to attain the mind of the reader. It pertains to the use of credibility and
trust. Ex. quotes from professionals, costumer reviews, celebrity endorsements
SENSORY IMAGES
Sensory imagery - involves the use of descriptive language to create mental images. In literary
terms, sensory imagery is a type of imagery; the difference is that sensory imagery works by
engaging a reader’s five senses. Any description of sensory experience in writing can be
considered sensory imagery.
6 DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENSORY IMAGERY:
Visual imagery
• Engages the sense of sight.

• This is what you can see; it also includes visual descriptions.
EXAMPLE: She accepted the bouquet. It was filled with her favorite flowers - white roses, purple irises,
and soft sprays of baby’s breath. The flowers swayed in the breeze, almost as if they were dancing in her
delight.
Gustatory imagery
• Gustatory imagery engages the sense of taste.

• This is what you can taste; it also includes flavors.
EXAMPLE: The crunch of the peanuts filled Bill’s mouth with the salty taste with which he was so familiar.
Tactile imagery
• Tactile imagery engages the sense of touch.

• This is what you can feel; it also includes textures and the many sensations a human being
experiences when touching something.
EXAMPLE: His legs ached after climbing so many flights of stairs, and he could feel the flush in his face.
He couldn’t ’t wait to get out of his sticky, sweaty clothes and let the cool, soothing water wash over him
in the shower.
Auditory imagery
• Auditory imagery engages the sense of hearing.

• This is the way things sound.
• Literary devices such as onomatopoeia and alliteration can help create sounds in writing.
EXAMPLE: She awoke to the chirping of birds and the soft whisper of a breeze as it passed through the
tree outside her window.
Olfactory imagery
• Olfactory imagery engages the sense of smell.

• Scent is one of the most direct triggers of memory and emotion, but it can be difficult to write
about.
• Simile is common in olfactory imagery, because it allows writers to compare a particular scent to
common smells such as dirt, grass, manure, or roses.
EXAMPLE: As she entered the warm house, she was welcomed by the scents of hot apple cider and
cinnamon.
Kinesthetic imagery
• Kinesthetic imagery (kinesthesia) engages the feeling of movement.

• This can be like tactile imagery but deals more with full-body sensations, such as those
experienced during exercise.
• Rushing water, flapping wings, and pounding hearts are all examples of kinesthetic imagery.
EXAMPLE: “It was strange, learning the contours of another’s loneliness. You could never know it all at
once; like stepping inside a dark cave, you felt along the walls, bumping into jagged edges. ”
FIGURES OF SPEECH
Literary Fiction - A figure of speech is a word or phrase that is used in a non-literal way to
create an effect. This effect may be rhetorical as in the deliberate arrangement of words to
achieve something poetic, or imagery as in the use of language to suggest a visual picture or
make an idea more vivid.
Literary Fiction - Overall, figures of speech function as literary devices because of their expressive use of
language. Words are used in other ways than their literal meanings or typical manner of application.
Simile - It is a direct comparison of two things which use words “like” or “as.”
EXAMPLE:
• You are sly like a fox.

• He is as brave as a lion.
Metaphor - It is an indirect comparison. It is an informal or implied simile in which the words ‘like ’ ‘ as ’
are avoided. It makes association with abstract ideas more concrete.
EXAMPLE:
• He is a giant
• You are the apple of my eye.
Hyperbole - It is when you use the words to exaggerate what you mean or emphasize a point. It is used
to make something seem bigger or more important than it actually is.
EXAMPLE:
• It has been ages since I have had a proper meal.

• Usain Bolt runs faster than the wind.
Apostrophe - In this figure of speech, the speaker is speaking to an object or item as if it is fact or alive.
EXAMPLE:
• Come on trousers, you must fit me.
• Hello darkness, my old friend. I’ ve come to talk to you again.
Assonance - It is the repetition of similar vowel sounds in a sentence or a line of poetry.
EXAMPLE:
“Silent night, holy night, all is calm, all is bright” (“Silent Night” Joseph Mohr)
Onomatopoeia - It is the figure of speech in which the word is used to describe a sound.
EXAMPLE: "Hark, hark! Bow-wow. The watch-dogs bark! Bow-wow. Hark, hark! I hear The strain of
strutting chanticleer Cry, 'Cock-a-diddle-doo!'"
Personification - It is a figure of speech that assigns human attributes to an animal, object, or concept.
EXAMPLE:
• Earth was thirsty for water.

• Angry clouds surrounded the island.
Importance of sensory details in writing

It is important to remember that human beings learn about the world through using the five
senses. They are our primary source of knowledge about the world. Therefore, writing which
incorporates vivid, sensory details is more likely to engage and affect the reader.
Importance of Figure of Speech
1. It enhances the beauty of the writing. It makes the sentence deeper and leaves the
reader with a sense of wonder. It brings life to the words used by the writer.
2. The figure of speech not only shows the writer’s intent but also proves his purpose of
using such language.
3. It adds flavor to the writing and makes it so much more enjoyable for the reader.

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ENGLISH REVIEWER

• It can also be used to criticize and review ideas and actions.

Parts of persuasive text:

Forms of Persuasive text

The appeal to emotion/Pathos

The appeal to character/ Ethos

6 DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENSORY IMAGERY:

• Engages the sense of sight.

• Gustatory imagery engages the sense of taste.

• Tactile imagery engages the sense of touch.

• Auditory imagery engages the sense of hearing.

• Olfactory imagery engages the sense of smell.

• Kinesthetic imagery (kinesthesia) engages the feeling of movement.

• You are sly like a fox.

• It has been ages since I have had a proper meal.

Assonance - It is the repetition of similar vowel sounds in a sentence or a line of poetry.

• Earth was thirsty for water.

Importance of sensory details in writing

Importance of Figure of Speech

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