TRINIDAD MUNICIPAL COLLEGE

TRINIDAD, BOHOL

Data Requirements and the Basis for

Designing Health Information Kiosks

Submitted by:

LESTER JOHN BALONGA

CHERRYLEN CASIMERO
CHRISTINE COQUILLA
DANIELA MARIE QUINLOG
RYAN GUPITA

Submitted to:

MRS. ARCELIE ARANCES

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter I

1. Introduction

1.1 Statement of the Problem

1.2 Significant of the Study
1.3 Limitation and Strength of Review
1.4 Definition of Terms

Chapter II
2.1 Review of Related Literature

Chapter III

3.1 Methodology
3.2 Design
3.3 Results and Conclusion
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Health kiosks are an innovative and cost-effective solution that organizations can

easily implement to help educate people. Access to accurate information at the right time is

a fundamental principle in today’s health care. Obviously, recording the information of

individuals and society has played an important role in the success and prosperity of

medical science. With the advances in science and the emergence of technology, solving

the health problems of communities has become much easier, and it is safe to say that,

medical science owes its success to electrical and computer applications to a great extent.

One of the important applications of these technologies is in the field of medical information

kiosks. Information kiosks are one of the best ways to distribute information.
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Limited availability of health care resources is another barrier that may reduce
access to health services and increase the risk of poor health outcomes. For example,
physician shortages may mean that patients experience longer wait times and delayed
care.
 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

To provide safe, secure, and high quality medical care. To foster excellent health
professionals who will lead into the future. To support and develop community health and
medical services. To promote advanced medical care and disseminate to Don Emilio Del
Valle Memorial Hospital.

Health information technology presents numerous opportunities for improving and

transforming healthcare which includes; reducing human errors, improving clinical
outcomes, facilitating care coordination, improving practice efficiencies, and tracking data
over time. These are the advantages in of the health kiosk:

1. They reach “the invisible” – consumers who aren’t motivated or sick enough to visit a
hospital or clinic;

2. They can engage the consumer by “simple actions,” such as connecting via video to
a provider or pointing out nearby products or services;

3. They offer providers a new revenue stream, particularly through advertising;

4. They offer a means of targeted, personalized marketing; and

5. They offer early innovators a chance to get in on the ground floor of a marketing
phenomenon.
 LIMITATIONS AND STRENGHT OF REVIEW

This review has a few limitations. We were only able to search for papers published
in English, which may have excluded several papers about health kiosks that were not
published in English. This means that we were not able to include papers about kiosks
installed in countries such as other countries except Philippines. If they were published in a
language other than English. We were also constrained to reduce our search terms, as the
use of the term touchscreen in the inclusion of many papers on smartphones and tablets,
which were clearly not kiosks. In addition, the term kiosk is not part of a controlled
vocabulary (eg, Medical Subject Heading). We deliberately excluded papers on proposed
kiosks, including only papers on actual kiosk installations. Some of these kiosk proposals
may have become actual kiosks in the interim; however, we would have no way of knowing
which one was successfully implemented. The quick pace of technological change also
outstrips the pace of academic publishing; hence, we also included information gathered
from web search engines and key informants. Finally, the competitive nature of digital
health technology makes information about development methods closely guarded trade
secrets, which makes the publication of these methods in academic journals unlikely.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

KIOSK - a small structure in a public area used for providing information or displaying
advertisements, often incorporating an interactive display screen or screens.
HTTP - (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the set of rules for transferring files -- such as text,
images, sound, video and other multimedia files -- over the web. As soon as a user opens
their web browser, they are indirectly using HTTP.
SSL - Stands for secure sockets layer. Protocol for web browsers and servers that allows
for the authentication, encryption and decryption of data sent over the Internet.
SCP - stands for Secure, Contain and Protect.
SQL - stands for Structured Query Language. It's used for relational databases. A SQL
database is a collection of tables that stores a specific set of structured data.
HBA SERVER -A host bus adapter is a circuit board or integrated circuit adapter that
connects a host system, such as a server, to a storage or network device.
RPC SERVER - Remote Procedure Call is a mechanism that allows Windows processes
to communicate, either between a client and server across a network or within a single
computer.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter includes valuable information that would enhance the researcher’s
ideas enabling her to come up with an intelligent interior design solution for Hospitals.
Studies of the past and present with close bearing to the subject are collated at this part.
Published books and the World Wide Web are mainly there sources for the articles.

In the book, Guide to The Design and Construction of High Performance

Hospitals & it is described why and how is Integrated Design essential to achieve high
performance facilities hospitals. Integrated Design is instrumental to successfully
developing high performance facilities. It synthesizes climate& facilities use& loads& and
systems resulting in a more comfortable and productive interior environment and a
substantially more energy efficient building than current best practice
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This descriptive survey study was conducted in 2022 in Don Emilio Del Valle
Memorial Hospital in Ubay. The research population consisted of specialized physicians
(N=120), general practitioners (N=59), informatics experts (N=4) and patients of Don Emilio
Del Valle Memorial Hospital in Ubay. For informatics experts, the community-based
sampling was done and for physicians (N=20), general practitioners (N=17) and patients
(N=41), purposive sampling method was used.

In this study, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. By

searching among all types of data sets regarding data requirements of health information
kiosks, a researcher-made questionnaire containing all the information elements was
developed. The questionnaire included a list of information requirements in 4 sections
(demographic data, general information, diagnostic information and medical history), and
questions related to data elements, stakeholders, infrastructure, applications, and security,
general and technical requirements of information kiosks in Don Emillio Del Valle Hospital,
Ubay. The research community was asked to rate the information requirements and
applications of health information kiosks from the scale 1 to 10 according to the degree of
importance, so that, the most important score was 10 and the least important score was 1.
Furthermore, the questions related to the data elements, stakeholders, infrastructure and
the requirements of the health information kiosk were designed based on the 5-item Likert
scale, so that, the most important item scored 5, and least important scored 1. The
questions related to the objectives of the minimum set of data, data elements,
stakeholders, and the applications of health information kiosks at Don Emillio Del Valle
Memorial Hospital in Ubay were answered by general practitioners, specialist physicians
and patients. Questions related to infrastructure, (security, general and technical)
requirements, stakeholders, and the applications of health information kiosks were
answered by informatics experts.
 The content validity method was used to assess the validity of the questionnaire,
and the opinions of two specialized physicians and two medical informatics experts were
obtained, and to test its reliability, a test-retest method was used, so that, seven subjects
were selected from the peer group outside the research community, and they were asked
to complete the questionnaire, which was done twice in ten days interval, and finally the
correlation coefficient of 87% was determined, thus, the reliability of the questionnaire was
confirmed. The completed questionnaires were using descriptive statistics techniques. In
the questionnaire, in order to determine the information requirements and applications of
health information kiosks, information elements with minimum mean of 7 and above were
selected. In regard to data elements, stakeholders and infrastructure of health information
kiosk, the items that had the mean of less than 3 were eliminated, and items with a
minimum mean of 3 or more were accepted in the model.
 DESIGN

BROWSER
HTTP/SSL SCHEDULING

Web
HTTP
Server

SOFTWARE
SQL HTTP UPDATES
Database RPC HTTP
Server
HBA
CLIENT
Data
Processing SCP

File system FILE SYSTEM

SERVER CLIENT

OVERALL HEALTH KIOSK DESIGN

 RESULTS

The results of this study are presented in three parts. The first part of the study
includes the demographic data of the research community. The second part contains the
results of information requirements of health information kiosks, and the third part includes
the results of the data collection process, stakeholders, application, (security, general and
technical) requirements, and infrastructure of health information kiosks.

Table 1 shows the demographic data of the research community, including

frequency distribution and percentage of sex and age in the research community.

Research Specialized Physician General Practitioner Informatics Expert Patient TOTAL

Community
Age
Demographic Frequenc Percentage Frequency Percentag Frequency Percentage Frequenc Percentage Frequency Percentage
Information y e y
Female 8 40 7 41.18 1 25 23 56.10 39 47.5
Sex Male 12 60 10 58.82 3 75 18 43.90 43 52.5
15-25 0 0 1 5.88 0 0 9 21.95 10 12.20
Age 25-35 5 25 2 11.76 4 100 13 31.71 24 29.27
35-45 6 30 6 35.30 0 0 8 19.51 20 24.40
45-55 7 35 5 29.41 0 0 7 17.07 19 23.17
55-65 2 10 3 17.65 0 0 4 9.76 9 10.96

Table 2. Information needs of health information kiosks. Abbreviations: BMI, Body Mass
Index

Information requirements Sub-categories

Demographic information Full name, date of birth, height, weight, education, employment, marital status, religion, age, race,
home address, landline phone number, post code

General information Blood group, BMI, congenital anomalies, work and living conditions, lifestyle, associated illness,
number of attendance, date of attendance

Diagnostic information Medical tests, results of tests, results of radiology, diagnosis process, clinical symptoms
Medical history History of surgery, type of surgery, date of surgery, history of transplantation, number of
transplantations, history of diabetes, time of diabetes diagnosis, history of high blood pressure,
time of high blood pressure diagnosis, cardiovascular problems, pulmonary problems, medication
history, family medical history, history of smoking, history of alcohol consumption
 In the section of proposed information requirements in Table 2, in the demographic
information section of users, the highest mean score was related to the full name (93.9)
and the lowest mean score was related to height (7.31). In the section of users’ general
information in health information kiosks, congenital anomalies had the highest mean score
(8.66) and the lowest mean score was related to the number of attendance (7.52). In the
users’ diagnostic information section in health information kiosks, the results of tests had
the highest mean (8.60), and the diagnostic process had the lowest mean (7.07), and also
in the patient information section in the health information kiosks, history of surgery, history
of transplantation, history of diabetes, history of blood pressure, cardiovascular problems,
pulmonary problems, and history of heart disease were the most important items (9.44) and
history of smoking and history of alcohol use were the least important items (8.13).

Table 3. Statistical results of the section of data elements’ collection, stakeholders,

applications, requirements (security, general and technical), and infrastructures of health
information kiosks

Group Sub-group
Data elements of health information kiosk Familiarity with health information kiosk,
pregnancy health education, smoking and drug
abuse education, education on how to use
medication, mental illness medication, heart
disease education, traditional and herbal
medicine education, first aid medication,
education on the prevention of contagious
diseases, grouping of specific educational films
for specific age groups, education on nutrition
and nutrition pyramid, education on neonatal
health, occupational health education
Application of health information kiosk Increasing users’ medical knowledge, creating
user-friendly environment, protecting users,
reducing the needs for physicians, creating
motivation on users, reducing costs, saving
users time, increasing users’ awareness,
maintaining confidentiality of information
Stockholders of health information kiosk The importance of health information kiosks
from the perspective of expert physicians,
general practitioners, experts of informatics and
patients
Security, general and technical requirements of Periodic update of security, control of log in
health information kiosk attempts and reporting inconsistencies,
password management, policies to protect
facilities, from unauthorized physical access,
manipulation and theft, policies to allow access
to electronic health information, physical
protection of devices to restrict unauthorized
user access, audit control on the device,
informing the users about the audit function of
the device, encryption of confidential
information when storing information based on
the encryption standard, providing a warning of
confidentiality of information on all devices
containing information, account deactivation of
user after three log in attempts, designing
programs from software by company to
automatically alert abusive or abnormal
activities, disabling the transfer of data on any
external devices including CD drive, USB, the
use of powerful encryption and secure system
to prevent password cracking, authentication
and access permissions, denial of access to
personal e-mail as the data may be sent by
email, using the “Help” facility
Infrastructure of health information kiosk Using the printer alongside the kiosk of health
information, using the keyboard and mouse,
using the touchscreen, using the video ad in
the software, using the image in the software,
using the flash file in the software, use of HTML
file in the software, use of glucometer machine
in the kiosk, the use of accessories such as
smartphones and headphones, easy use of the
device for users, the concordance of the
hardware components of the device with
ergonomic standards, hardware and software
reliability, flexibility of the device as the ability
to improve hardware and software of the
device, strength and durability of the device,
portability of the device, physical control
(having locks or individuals for the protection of
information, controlling and monitoring the work
environment and computer facilities),
management control( including policies,
standards and instructions for all information
kiosks), logical control (using software and data
to monitor and control access to information
and computer systems for example, user and
authentication and password), access control
(a valid method for verifying access based on
the role or functions of the organization).
 In the kiosk data element section, pregnancy health education, sexual health
education, cardiac disease education, and education on coping with contagious diseases
through health information kiosks had the highest mean score (4.25) and the level of
familiarity with health information kiosks had the lowest mean score (3.2). In the section of
kiosk application, increasing the users’ level of awareness had the highest mean score
(9.36) and the lowest mean score was related to the users’ support (7.02) from the
prospective of the participants. In the section of the importance of health information kiosks,
the overall importance of the kiosk was (3.9) from the perspective of specialist physicians,
(3.94) from the perspective of general practitioners, (3.5) from the perspective of
informatics experts, and (3.58) from the perspective of patients. In the section of the
importance of requirements (security, general and technical) of health information kiosks,
the encryption of confidential information when storing information based on the encryption
standard, disabling the data transfer on any external device including CD drive and USB,
the application of powerful encryption and secure systems to prevent password cracking,
authentication and access permissions, and use the Help facility had the highest score (5)
and policies to protect facilities from unauthorized physical access, tampering and theft and
account deactivation after three login attempts had the lowest score (4.25). In the section of
health information kiosk infrastructure, the use of the printer alongside the kiosk, the use of
a touch screen, the use of video ads in the kiosk’s software, the use of image in the kiosk’s
software, the easy use of device for users, the concordance of hardware components of the
device with ergonomic standards, hardware and software reliability, management control
(including policies, standards and instructions defined for all information kiosks), logical
control (use of software and data to monitor and control access to information and
computer systems for example; user authentication and password), and access control (a
valid method to confirm individual access based on the role or function of the organization)
had the highest score from the perspective of the informatics experts, and the use of
keyboard and mouse had the lowest score (3.5).
 CONCLUSION

Health information kiosks are a cost-effective way to obtain information and an

appropriate management tool for the patient to know about their health status. Since there
are no standards in Ubay to determine the information items, infrastructure, and technical,
general and security requirements that should be in the health information kiosks, and also
considering the role of health information kiosks in raising public health and medical
awareness as well as reducing disease, it is essential to create a standard template for
Ubay’s health information kiosks. According to a survey conducted on various studies
regarding the health information kiosk, the most important components of a health
information kiosk include six categories; “information requirements, data elements,
applications, stakeholders, requirements, and infrastructure of health information kiosks
that need to be considered when design a health information kiosk