Effects of Motivation On An Average Adult Learner

EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES ON AN AVERAGE ADULT LEARNER
Definitions of Individual Differences:
EFFECTS OF MOTIVATION ON AN AVERAGE ADULT LEARNER
There are several factors that motivates adult learners to participate in functional literacy programs and
they can be grouped under the following headings;
Political Factors
The need for adult learner to take part in decision making process is one of the usefulness of literacy and
the promotion of democracy, political party right, the right to vote and be voted for, if an adult is lacking
or being ignorant of the political condition of their society, they see it as a pressing need and want to be
educated in any programme that can teach them what they ought to know. Political education can be
defined as an integral part of social policy and must be given back to the people who have all the rights
and obligations of adult citizens. The need to be politically wise in the communities or societies adult
learners belong form the motivating factor that makes them to take part in functional literacy
programmes and thus making them important. Due to this need adult learner want to be politically
active and want to take part in every decision making process.
Socio-Cultural Factors
The influence on the society on both learning and behavior is no longer in doubt one of the important
influence is inter-personal relationship. This is significant to the community and environment in which
adult learner live or work. Every community needs some development, which comes from inside or
outside the society. The members of the community are responsible for its development, if these are
lacking the adult members are willing to take part in literacy education in order to bring meaningful
development and sustainability in this gain, members can enjoy self-reliance, pride of creativity and
ingenuity and independence with this education members are liberated through social and cultural
development. Adult learners participate as a result of social integration; social change brings about
sharing, accommodation, and interaction among members for meaning growth and development.
Economic and Physiological Factors
An adult learner who is gainfully employed in either public or private sector of the economic where they
can utilize their skills, knowledge and potentials in the development of the nation sees a need to
improve on the skills already acquired. Therefore, need to participate in any functional literacy
programmes that will broaden and enhance more on the existing knowledge or skill. Culien (1994) is of
the view that the ability to read, write and compute does not corner, functionality of the adult learner if
he is unable to satisfy his health and nutritional needs. If he does not know how much food he
consumes, what quantity of food to eat, shelter and the type of clothes to put on and how to take care
of the body, what exercise to partake in so as to maintain good health once aware of this need, the adult
learner will like to participate in functional literacy programmes so that these needs might be met.
Educational Factor
It is a need that motivates adult learner's participation in functional literacy programmes. The adult
learner has learning needs which they term as self - fulfillment. The adults need skills that will enable
them achieve their aim successfully and wish to improve on their learning capabilities. Adult learners
who may have lost some educational opportunities in the past and may feel incomplete as persons
unless they fill what they see as gaps in the knowledge or education. Others may want to learn how to
make meaningful use of their leisure time. According to Okukpon (2005), leisure education is provided
for adults in the sense that it assists adults in making productive use of their leisure time is to avoid
boredom. They take part in order to be self and better informed citizen as well as those who simply find
a creative stimulus in the act of learning. It will be seen that adult learners are individuals who may be
interested learners are individuals who may be interested in learning for a very wide variety of reasons,
many of which are personal and need to be met and harnessed.
Psychological Factors
It must be confessed that many adults attitude towards life is associated to what they might have
experienced before in life. They might have experience of painful memories of school, social interaction
that was not rewarding. As adults family members like the children, wife or husband, they worry about
their work, health and how to cater for their families, they also worry about financial challenges that
they might be facing. Thus bringing emotional breakdown and instability due to this pressing need and
how to remedy the situation, adult learners are motivated to take part in programmes that will help
improve their emotions, reduce fears and help them to be aware of the dangers of being worried and
how to cope with any situation whether domestic situation or not. From these reviews, we can say that
functional literacy is truly a need that adults need to avail themselves for in any of its programmes. The
functional literacy programmes is to satisfy the pressing needs of adults who wish to gratify these needs.
Effects of all these on average adult learners participation in Functional Literacy Programmes, for
example, Needs, drives incentives, energizer tend to propel adult learners to take part in functional
literacy programme. They see it as a sense of importance. They participate in order to upgrade
themselves, enhance employability, and improve on already acquired stills, self-actualization, and
knowledge acquiring in order to develop them meaningful in the society to which they belong. Some
adult learners wish to participate in order to improve on their social stand and learn how to make
constructive use of their leisure times. Vallerand (1997) in his self-determination theory is of the view
that a person's intrinsic motivation is concerned with doing something for his own sate in order to
derive pleasure and satisfaction. They see it as a process for their advancement in all ramifications of
their lives. Maslow arranges the human needs into hierarchy in their order of potency, placing the needs
in five stages, he formulates the principles under which they operate: thus it is only when one partially
gratifies a more basic and pressing needs that the next level on the hierarchy rears up its head:
deprivation of a satisfied need best equips the individual to seek a way to resolve the gratification of the
need in future and when basic needs have been met people become more healthy and motivated to
actualize their highest potentialities.

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EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES ON AN AVERAGE ADULT LEARNER

Definitions of Individual Differences:

EFFECTS OF MOTIVATION ON AN AVERAGE ADULT LEARNER

Economic and Physiological Factors

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