DKA

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DKA (emergency)

1. What is DKA?

a) A condition that occurs in patients with type 2 diabetes

b) A potentially life-threatening condition that occurs in patients with an absolute or relative


depletion of circulating insulin

c) A condition that results from overproduction of insulin

d) A chronic condition that affects the pancreas

2. What is the primary cause of DKA?

a) Type 1 diabetes

b) Type 2 diabetes

c) Pregnancy

d) Cancer

3. What percentage of diabetes-related hospital admissions is accounted for by DKA?

a) 5%

b) 10%

c) 15%

d) 20%

4. What are the acute problems that can occur after prolonged insulin deficiency?

a) Hyperglycemia, dehydration, electrolyte depletion, and metabolic acidosis

b) Hypoglycemia, dehydration, electrolyte depletion, and metabolic alkalosis

c) Hyperglycemia, overhydration, electrolyte buildup, and metabolic acidosis

d) Hypoglycemia, overhydration, electrolyte buildup, and metabolic alkalosis

5. What leads to onset of gluconeogenesis in DKA?

a) Overproduction of insulin

b) Relative or absolute depletion of circulating insulin

c) Lack of exercise

d) A high-fat diet
6. What is the typical time frame for development of DKA?

a) 2 to 3 years

b) 2 to 3 weeks

c) 2 to 3 months

d) 2 to 3 days

7. What is the most common cause of DKA?

a) Lack of exercise

b) High-fat diet

c) Infections and stress

d) Genetic predisposition

8. What are the common signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis?

A) Hypertension, increased appetite, and abdominal pain.

B) Polydipsia, polyuria, fatigue, and weakness, nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, abdominal
discomfort, altered level of consciousness, and slow response to questions

C) Decreased appetite, dry skin, and bradycardia.

D) Hypotension, increased appetite, and abdominal pain.

9- What is the common cause of elevated creatinine and BUN levels in diabetic ketoacidosis?

A) Dehydration

B) Increased glucose levels

C) Decreased potassium levels

D) Electrolyte imbalance

10. What is the common cardiac rhythm seen in diabetic ketoacidosis?

A) Sinus bradycardia

B) Atrial fibrillation

C) Sinus tachycardia

D) Ventricular fibrillation
11. What is the typical range for serum glucose in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis?

A) Less than 100 mg/dl

B) Between 100 and 200 mg/dl

C) Between 200 and 300 mg/dl

D) Higher than 300 mg/dl

12-What is the focus of treatment for the condition mentioned in the text?

A. Correction of hypoventilation

B. Correction of hypertension

C. Correction of hyperglycemia, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and metabolic acidosis

D. Correction of hypotension

13. When should fluid be converted to 5% dextrose in normal saline during treatment?

A. After serum glucose reaches 100 to 150 mg/dL

B. After serum glucose reaches 200 to 250 mg/dL

C. After serum glucose reaches 250 to 300 mg/dL

D. After serum glucose reaches 300 to 350 mg/dL

14. What type of insulin drip should be initiated during treatment?

A. Normal saline with regular insulin at 0.1 U/hour

B. Normal saline with rapid-acting insulin at 0.1 U/hour

C. Normal saline with long-acting insulin at 0.1 U/hour

D. None of the above

15. What is the treatment for acidosis?

A. Sodium bicarbonate

B. Potassium chloride

C. Calcium carbonate

D. Magnesium oxide

16. At what pH level is sodium bicarbonate given for acidosis?

A. pH less than 6.5

B. pH less than 7.0

C. pH less than 7.5


D. pH less than 8.0

17. What is the main effect of insulin therapy on acidosis?

A. Decreasing hyperglycemia

B. Increasing hyperglycemia

C. Decreasing hypoglycemia

D. Increasing hypoglycemia

18. Which of the following is the first step in the management of a patient who has diabetic
ketoacidosis?

1. Providing insulin and heparin

2. Providing sodium bicarbonate

3. Providing only fluids intravenously

4. Initiating Insulin and fluids simultaneously

19. What is the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia In DKA?

1. Increased glycogenolysis in the live

2. Increased secretion of insulin

3 Increased gluconeogenesis in adipose tissue

4. Decreased glycogen uptake from the muscles

20. A nurse receives a client that came by ambulance. The nurse suspects that this client is in
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which of the following signs would suggest DKA?

A) Anuria

B) Strawberry red tongue

C) Halitosis

D) Fruity breath

21. A nurse is caring for a client who has developed diabetic ketoacidosis. The client has a
breathing pattern in which he takes rapid and very deep breaths with large tidal volumes. Which
of the following best describes this type of breathing?

A) Biot's respiration

B) Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

C) Kussmaul's respirations
D) Cheyne-Stokes respirations

22. The nurse is caring for a client in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). What is the treatment priority
for this client?

A) Monitor cardiac rhythm

B) Fluid replacement

C) Decrease the blood glucose

D) Correct acidosis

23. Which of the following electrolytes is forced out of the plasma and into the cells by insulin?

A. Calcium

B. Magnesium

C. Phosphorus

D. Potassium

24. Which of the following client's blood gases conditions reflects diabetic ketoacidosis?

A. Increased pH

B. Decreased PO²

C. Decreased pH

D. Increased PCO²

25. Which of the following is the most common cause of diabetic ketoacidosis?

A. Decrease insulin dose

B. Presence of infection

C. Increased insulin dose

D. Inadequate food intake

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