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    Energy From Liquid Alcohols & Hydrocarbons

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    johnosborne
    This experiment uses a spirit burner to heat water by burning different alcohols and gasoline. The amount of heat produced is measured and compared to determine which fuel produces the most energy per gram. Equipment includes spirit burners, fuels (ethanol, methanol, propanol, hexanes, gasoline), water, thermometers, and balances. Procedures involve measuring water temperature changes as each fuel is burned to heat the water. Calculations are made to determine the energy released per gram of each fuel.

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    Energy From Liquid Alcohols & Hydrocarbons

    Uploaded by

    johnosborne
    27 views7 pages
    This experiment uses a spirit burner to heat water by burning different alcohols and gasoline. The amount of heat produced is measured and compared to determine which fuel produces the most energy per gram. Equipment includes spirit burners, fuels (ethanol, methanol, propanol, hexanes, gasoline), water, thermometers, and balances. Procedures involve measuring water temperature changes as each fuel is burned to heat the water. Calculations are made to determine the energy released per gram of each fuel.

    Original Description:

    Lab investigation, comparing energy output from different organic liquids

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    This experiment uses a spirit burner to heat water by burning different alcohols and gasoline. The amount of heat produced is measured and compared to determine which fuel produces the most energy per gram. Equipment includes spirit burners, fuels (ethanol, methanol, propanol, hexanes, gasoline), water, thermometers, and balances. Procedures involve measuring water temperature changes as each fuel is burned to heat the water. Calculations are made to determine the energy released per gram of each fuel.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views7 pages

    Energy From Liquid Alcohols & Hydrocarbons

    Uploaded by

    johnosborne
    This experiment uses a spirit burner to heat water by burning different alcohols and gasoline. The amount of heat produced is measured and compared to determine which fuel produces the most energy per gram. Equipment includes spirit burners, fuels (ethanol, methanol, propanol, hexanes, gasoline), water, thermometers, and balances. Procedures involve measuring water temperature changes as each fuel is burned to heat the water. Calculations are made to determine the energy released per gram of each fuel.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Comparing heat energy

    from burning alcohols and


    liquid hydrocarbons
    In this investigation, a spirit burner is used to burn gasoline
    and different alcohols which heat a flask containing water, to
    measure and compare the amount of heat energy produced.

    Equipment
    Apparatus

    ● Eye protyection
    ● Stand and clamp
    ● Conical flask (150 ml or laarger)
    ● Measuring cylinder 100ml
    ● Thermometer -10°c < 110°c
    ● Digital balance
    ● Spirit burners with wicks and caps, containing the fuels

    Chemicals
    ● Ethanol
    ● Methanol
    ● Propanol
    ● Hexanes
    ● Gasoline (petrol)
    STRUCTURAL FORMULAE OF THE FUELS

    METHANOL

    ETHANOL

    PROPANOL

    HEXANES
    Hexanes are a mixture of similar hydrocarbons.
    Hexane has a formula C6H14

    GASOLINE
    The general formula for a mixture of
    hydrocarbons: C8H18
    Procedure
    Before starting the experimental investigation, read
    all the instructions carefully and design a suitable
    results table.

    Equipment required for measuring heat energy from burning alcohol.


    -SETTING UP THE INVESTIGATION-
    Use this format to prepare for an investigation, by completing each of the boxes.

    YOUR NAME (underlined) and NAMES OF GROUP MEMBERS DATE

    WHAT IS BEING INVESTIGATED? Be specific!

    WHAT WILL BE MEASURED? Be specific!

    THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE IS:

    THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE IS:

    THESE VARIABLES WILL BE CONTROLLED IN ORDER TO MAKE THE INVESTIGATION A FAIR


    TEST:

    THIS IS THE HYPOTHESIS AND THE JUSTIFICATION FOR THE HYPOTHESIS:


    DESIGN A TABLE IN WHICH TO COLLECT RESULTS
    1. Measure 100 cm3 of cold tap water into a conical flask.
    2. Clamp the flask at a suitable height so that a spirit burner
    can easily be placed below.
    3. Weigh the spirit burner (and cap) containing the alcohol and
    record this mass and the name of the alcohol.
    4. Record the initial temperature of the water in the flask.
    5. Place the spirit burner under the flask and light the wick.
    6. Allow the alcohol to heat the water so the temperature rises
    by about 40 °C.
    7. Replace the cap to extinguish the flame.
    8. Reweigh the spirit burner and cap, and record this mass.
    9. Work out the mass of alcohol used.
    10. Using a fresh 100 cm3 of cold tap water, repeat the
    experiment with another alcohol.
    Questions
    1. Calculate the energy released during the combustion
    of petrol and each of the alcohols by using this
    equation:
    energy released per gram of alcohol (J) =
    mass of water (g) × temperature change (°C)
    × 4.2 ÷ mass of alcohol (g)
    2. Which fuel produced the most energy per gram?
    3. Write equations for the complete combustion of each
    alcohol.
    4. Does all the heat produced by combustion go into
    raising the temperature of the water? Comment on
    the efficiency of the combustion reactions in your
    investigation.
    5. Some of the fuels burn ‘clean’ while others burn
    ‘dirty’ - with yellow flames and the production of soot.
    What is going on?
    6. Alcohols can be made commercially and used as a
    substitute for hydrocarbon fuels. What process
    converts sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide?
    What might be some advantages of using
    commercially produced alcohols instead of
    hydrocarbons?
    7. List three procedures which might have led to errors
    in your investigation and suggest ways in which you
    would change or improve the three procedures.

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