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    Rajib1 PDF

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    Raihan Ali
    The document defines and provides examples of several literary devices and rhetorical techniques: - Alliteration refers to repetition of initial consonant sounds in nearby words. It creates rhythm and melody. - An allusion is a brief reference that relies on the reader's background knowledge. It efficiently conveys meaning. - A paradox is a contradictory statement that creates unexpected depth. Examples include "impossible is not a word in my vocabulary." - Satire uses humor to critique society and prompt improvement. Alexander Pope's "The Rape of the Lock" satirized a real family feud. - Hyperbole exaggerates to emphasize drama. It is not meant literally, as in "I almost died from laughter." -

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    Rajib1 PDF

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    Raihan Ali
    67 views4 pages
    The document defines and provides examples of several literary devices and rhetorical techniques: - Alliteration refers to repetition of initial consonant sounds in nearby words. It creates rhythm and melody. - An allusion is a brief reference that relies on the reader's background knowledge. It efficiently conveys meaning. - A paradox is a contradictory statement that creates unexpected depth. Examples include "impossible is not a word in my vocabulary." - Satire uses humor to critique society and prompt improvement. Alexander Pope's "The Rape of the Lock" satirized a real family feud. - Hyperbole exaggerates to emphasize drama. It is not meant literally, as in "I almost died from laughter." -

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    The document defines and provides examples of several literary devices and rhetorical techniques: - Alliteration refers to repetition of initial consonant sounds in nearby words. It creates rhythm and melody. - An allusion is a brief reference that relies on the reader's background knowledge. It efficiently conveys meaning. - A paradox is a contradictory statement that creates unexpected depth. Examples include "impossible is not a word in my vocabulary." - Satire uses humor to critique society and prompt improvement. Alexander Pope's "The Rape of the Lock" satirized a real family feud. - Hyperbole exaggerates to emphasize drama. It is not meant literally, as in "I almost died from laughter." -

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    67 views4 pages

    Rajib1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Raihan Ali
    The document defines and provides examples of several literary devices and rhetorical techniques: - Alliteration refers to repetition of initial consonant sounds in nearby words. It creates rhythm and melody. - An allusion is a brief reference that relies on the reader's background knowledge. It efficiently conveys meaning. - A paradox is a contradictory statement that creates unexpected depth. Examples include "impossible is not a word in my vocabulary." - Satire uses humor to critique society and prompt improvement. Alexander Pope's "The Rape of the Lock" satirized a real family feud. - Hyperbole exaggerates to emphasize drama. It is not meant literally, as in "I almost died from laughter." -

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Alliteration

    Alliteration is a literary device that reflects repetition in two or more nearby


    words of initial consonant sounds. Alliteration does not refer to the repetition of
    consonant letters that begin words, but rather the repetition of the consonant
    sound at the beginning of words. For example, the phrase “kids’ coats” is
    alliterative; though the words begin with different consonant letters, they
    produce the same consonant sounds.. the use of alliteration as a literary device in
    the prologue helps to create a sense of balance between the opposing forces and
    within the overall play. It provides melody and rhythm to the verse, indicating to
    the reader how the words may sound if spoken aloud or performed.

    Example 1: The Raven (Edgar Allan Poe)


    Once upon a midnight dreary, while pondered, weak and weary, Over many a
    quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore-

    Allusion
    An allusion is a reference, typically brief, to a person, place, thing, event, or other
    literary work with which the reader is presumably familiar. As a literary device,
    allusion allows a writer to compress a great deal of meaning and significance into
    a word or phrase. However, allusions are only effective to the extent that they are
    recognized and understood by the reader, and that they are properly inferred and
    interpreted by the reader. If an allusion is obscure or misunderstood, it can lose
    effectiveness by confusing the reader. Writers often utilize allusion as a literary
    device for an incidental mention of something or passing reference to create
    context. Greek and / or Roman mythology are commonly used as sources for
    allusions in Literature.

    Here are some examples of illusion to classical mythology:


    (1) If I’m not home by midnight, my car might turn into a pumpkin.(Cinderella)
    (2) Achilles’ heel (alluding to the one weakness of Achilles)
    (3) Arrow of love (allusion to Cupid)
    (4) Carrying the weight of the world on your shoulders (allusion to Atlas)

    Rhetoric and Prosody


    Paradox
    Paradox is a figure of speech that seems to lead to an illogical contradiction
    A situation that contradicts common sense and reasoning. Paradoxical statements
    contradict themselves while creating a rare sense of depth in language.
    The “paradox” derives from the French word, paradoxe that means “a statement
    contrary to common belief or expectation.” The Greek word, paradoxon means
    contrary to expectation.
    Types of Paradoxes
    There are two major types of paradoxes in English and they are on below:
    Literary Paradox
    Logical Paradox

    Examples of Paradox
    ♪ impossible is not a word in my vocabulary

    ♪ Save money by spending it.

    ♪ If I know one thing, it’s that I know nothing.

    ♪ This is the beginning of the end.

    ♪ I’m a compulsive liar.

    ♪ if you don’t risk anything, you risk everything

    ♪ nobody can make you feel inferior without your consent

    ♪ living in the present for the future

    ♪ the more you give, the more you get

    Rhetoric and Prosody


    Satire
    Satire is a genre of the visual, literary, and performing arts, usually in the form of
    fiction and less frequently non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and
    shortcomings are held up to ridicule, often with the intent of shaming or exposing
    the perceived flaws of individuals, corporations, government, or society itself into
    improvement.[1] Although satire is usually meant to be humorous, its greater
    purpose is often constructive social criticism, using wit to draw attention to both
    particular and wider issues in society.
    Satire is found in many artistic forms of expression, including internet memes,
    literature, plays, commentary, music, film and television shows, and media such
    as lyrics.
    A famous example of Horatian satire is the eighteenth-century poet Alexander
    Pope’s poem The Rape of the Lock, which, despite its serious-sounding name, was
    an attempt bring back together two real-life feuding families by humorously
    exaggerating the severity of the cause of their rift.

    Hyperbole
    Hyperbole is a type of figure of speech that is used to overstate or exaggerate a
    sentence or situation in order to make it more dramatic. It is regularly used in day
    to day conversation especially in informal speech. It can also be found many times
    in written text such as songs, poetry and stories to add an emphasis on
    something. In short, hyperbole is a statement that has been exaggerated. It is
    used to overstate a situation and is not intended to be taken literally. Hyperbole
    may be used in a figurative language to overexpress what someone is saying, in
    such an example as ‘I almost died from laughter.’ The speaker did not literally
    almost die but using this hyperbole they are expressing that they laughed a great
    deal.

    Hyperbole Examples:
    “I will fly to the moon and back.” This is an example of hyperbole taken from a
    song by the band Savage Garden.
    “I was to wait at the train station for ten days-it was an eternity.” In this case,
    hyperbole can be seen written by Joseph Conrad in The heart of darkness.

    Rhetoric and Prosody


    Elegy
    A lyric poem mourning for the death of an individual or lamenting over a tragic
    event.
    The main characteristics of the elegy are:
    1) It opens with lamentation for the death of the speaker’s dear friend.
    2) In its middle part the speaker idealizes and admires the dead.
    3) The society is criticized for doing injustice to the dead and for not allowing
    The dead person to do what he could have done.
    4) The speaker feels the presence of the dead friend around him.
    5) It raises serious spiritual questions about the nature of life and death, and
    about the immortality of the soul.
    6) In its closing part the speaker finds consolation and solace.
    7) It is about a single dead person. However, Gray’s mourning for all the dead
    villagers in “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” is an exception.
    8) It is meditative in nature.
    9) Its tone is grave.

    Some of the famous English elegies are:


    Gray’s “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”, Tennyson’s “In Memoriam”, Walt
    Whitman’s “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d” and W. H.

    Hamartia
    An error or a flaw in the character of the protagonist of a tragedy. It causes the
    fall of the protagonist from the zenith of his success to the nadir of his misery. It is
    also called tragic flaw. Dr. Faustus’ thirst for god like power in Doctor Faustus,
    King Lear’s error of judgement in King Lear, Hamlet’s indecision in Hamlet,
    Macbeth’s high ambition in Macbeth and Othello’s jealousy in Othello, are the
    causes of their tragic doom. Each of these flaws is known as hamartia. If the
    protagonist suffers and dies for his pride,the flaw in his character is called hubris.

    Rhetoric and Prosody

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