CDB - HELE - Basallote, Winquel Q - Book

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
Quezon City
HELE:
A Study on Resilient and Child-friendly Orphanage
Within a Changing Weather highlighting Biophilic
Design in Pasig City
Theme:
“Reshaping architecture in a changing environment.”
An Architectural Capstone Design Project

presented to the faculty of
Architecture Department
College of Engineering and Architecture
In partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Architecture
Proponent:
Basallote, Winquel Quinay
Adviser:
Ar. Ma. Loudette Bae
January 2022
1
APPROVALSHEET
This is to certify that I have supervised the presentation of and read the architectural capstone design project
report prepared by Ms. Winquel Q. Basallote entitled “HELE: A Study on Resilient and Child-friendly
Orphanage within a Changing Weather Highlighting Biophilic Design in Pasig City”, and that the said design
project
has been
submitted
for final
examination by the ARCH Capstone Advisory Committee.
AR. MA. LOUDETTE BAE

Capstone Adviser
As a member of the Advisory Committee, we certify that we have examined this architectural capstone design
project report presented before the committee on December 10, 2021 and hereby recommend that it shall be
accepted as fulfillment of the Architectural Capstone requirement for the Degree in Bachelor of Science in
Architecture. PANEL OF JURORS
AR. ERIN SUMBILLA AR. MARVIN RIMANDO

Panel Member 1 Panel Member 2
AR. JASLINE REYES

Member, ARCH Capstone Committee
This architectural capstone design project report is hereby approved and accepted by the Department and the
College as partial requirement for the Degree in Bachelor of Science in Architecture.
AR. FRANCES JOY S. FRANCISCO

AR D10 Capstone Design Project Coordinator, 1 st Sem.2021-2022
AR. LAWRENCE B. DOLORES II

Program Chair, Architecture
DR. JESUSA N. PADILLA

Dean, College of Engineering and Architecture
ENGLISH EDITING CERTIFICATE FORM
This is to certify that I have professionally proofread and revised this thesis study titled:
“HELE: A STUDY ON RESILIENT AND CHILD-FRIENDLY ORPHANAGE
WITHIN A CHANGING WEATHER HIGHLIGHTING BIOPHILIC DESIGN IN
PASIG CITY”
By WINQUEL QUINAY BASALLOTE
Issued on January 8, 2022
This manual ensures the accuracy of English, proper grammar, spelling, and
punctuation. Signed by:

Mary Adeline A. De La Cruz
Bachelor of Arts in Journalism, 2018
International Business Times, News Writer; Expertise.com,
Content Writer
0918 276 8172
3
Table of Contents
Title Page...................................................................................................................................................... 1
Approval Sheet ............................................................................................................................................ 2
Editorial Certificate...................................................................................................................................... 3
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................ 4
List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................... 7
List of Figures.............................................................................................................................................. 8
Dedication .................................................................................................................................................. 10
Acknowledgement..................................................................................................................................... 11
Executive Summary A............................................................................................................................... 12
Executive Summary B............................................................................................................................... 16
CHAPTER 1: Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 22

1.1 The Project ..................................................................................................................................... 23
1.2 Statement of the Problem............................................................................................................... 23
1.3 Project Objectives........................................................................................................................... 24
1.4 The Client ....................................................................................................................................... 24
1.4.1. Background of the Client ................................................................................................... 24
1.4.2. Mission, Vision & Goal....................................................................................................... 25
1.4.3. Issues and Aspirations ...................................................................................................... 25
1.5 Project Scope and Limitation .......................................................................................................... 25 1.6
Design Process .............................................................................................................................. 25
CHAPTER 2: Site Justification.................................................................................................................. 27
2.1 Site Selection Criteria ..................................................................................................................... 28
2.1.1. Site Selection and Description........................................................................................... 28 2.1.2.
Site Evaluation................................................................................................................... 29 2.1.3. Site
Justification................................................................................................................. 30 2.2 Site
Analysis ................................................................................................................................... 31 2.2.1.
Macro-Meso Site Analysis ................................................................................................. 31 2.2.2. Micro
Site Analysis ............................................................................................................ 33 2.3 Initial Schematic
Design ................................................................................................................. 37 CHAPTER 3: Design
Input ........................................................................................................................ 39 3.1 Design Standards
........................................................................................................................... 40 3.1.1. Amended Pasig
City Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance................................................... 40 3.1.2. National Building Code of
the Philippines.......................................................................... 40 3.1.2.1.
Zoning ............................................................................................................................... 40
4
3.1.2.2. Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area...................................................................... 41
3.1.2.3. Building Height Limit.......................................................................................................... 41
3.1.2.4. Minimum Required Parking Slot ........................................................................................ 41
3.1.2.5. Development Controls ....................................................................................................... 41
3.1.2.6. Setbacks for Commercial, Industrial, Institutional and Recreational Building ....................
41 3.1.2.7. Ceiling Height ....................................................................................................................
41 3.1.2.8. Air Space Requirements in Determining the Size of Rooms..............................................
42 3.1.2.9. Stairs, Exits, and Occupant Loads.....................................................................................
42
3.1.2.10. Arrangement, Door, and Distance of Exits............................................................ 42 3.1.3.
Guidelines on Foster Care Service, DSWD....................................................................... 43 3.1.4.
Accessibility Law ............................................................................................................... 43
3.1.5. Fire Code of the Philippines............................................................................................... 43 3.1.6.
Plumbing and Sanitary Code of the Philippines................................................................. 43 3.2 Building
Systems and Specialized Allied Services ......................................................................... 43 3.2.1.
Environmental System....................................................................................................... 43 3.2.2. Roofing
System................................................................................................................. 45 3.2.3. Structural
System.............................................................................................................. 46 3.2.3. Utility
System..................................................................................................................... 49 3.2.4. Other Technical
Issues...................................................................................................... 50 3.2.5. Specialized Allied
Services ...................................................................................... 50 3.2.5.1. Architectural
Interiors......................................................................................................... 50 3.2.5.2. Acoustic
Design................................................................................................................. 50 3.2.5.3.
Lighting.............................................................................................................................. 50 3.2.5.4. Site
Development Planning ............................................................................................... 50 3.2.5.6. Building
System Design..................................................................................................... 50 3.3 Case
Study..................................................................................................................................... 51 3.3.1. Local
Orphanages ............................................................................................................. 51 3.3.1.1. Tahanan ng
Pagmamahal Children’s Home...................................................................... 51 3.3.1.2. Saint Rita
Orphanage & College........................................................................................ 52 3.3.2. Foreign
Orphanages.......................................................................................................... 53 3.3.2.1. SOS Children’s
Villages International................................................................................ 53 3.3.2.2. New Jerusalem
Children’s Home ...................................................................................... 54 CHAPTER 4: Architectural
Programming................................................................................................ 55 4.1 Architectural Design
Development ................................................................................................. 56 4.1.1. Site Planning and
Programming ........................................................................................ 56
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4.1.2. Building Space Program.................................................................................................... 57
4.1.2.1. Demand Analysis............................................................................................................... 58
4.1.2.2. Matrix Diagram.................................................................................................................. 69
4.1.2.3. Bubble Diagram................................................................................................................. 71
4.1.2.4. Space Programming.......................................................................................................... 73
4.1.2.5. Stairs, Exits, and Occupant Loads..................................................................................... 77
4.1.3. Design Constraints ............................................................................................................ 78 4.1.4.
Initial Design Translation ................................................................................................... 80 4.1.4.1.
Theory ............................................................................................................................... 80 4.1.4.2.
Philosophy and Concept.................................................................................................... 80 4.1.4.3.
Consideration .................................................................................................................... 80 4.2. Design
Features ................................................................................................................ 82 4.2.1. Architectural
Character...................................................................................................... 82 4.2.2.
Approach ........................................................................................................................... 82 4.2.3.
Innovations ........................................................................................................................ 83 4.2.4.
Highlights........................................................................................................................... 83 4.2.4.1. Form
Concept.................................................................................................................... 84 4.2.4.2. Building Plan
Concept ....................................................................................................... 85 4.2.4.3. Structural
Concept............................................................................................................. 85 4.2.4.4. Material
Concept ............................................................................................................... 85 4.3. Project
Costing .................................................................................................................. 88 CHAPTER 5: Design
Translation.............................................................................................................. 90 CHAPTER 6:
Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation ................................................................. 91 6.1 Summary
........................................................................................................................................ 92 6.2 Conclusion
and Recommendation.................................................................................................. 92 Appendices
................................................................................................................................................ 94
Definition.................................................................................................................................................. 95
Bibliography............................................................................................................................................. 97
About the Author...................................................................................................................................... 99
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List of Tables
2.1 Site evaluations for Pacific Avenue, Corporate Avenue, and C-5................................................... 29
2.2 Site bearings................................................................................................................................... 37
CHAPTER 3: Design Input ........................................................................................................................ 39
3.1 Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area (NBCP) ..................................................................... 40
3.2 Building height Limit (BHL) by Type of Use or Occupancy (NBCP)................................................ 40
3.3 Minimum Required parking Slot (NBCP) ........................................................................................ 40
3.4 Maximum Allowable PSO, ISA, the MACA, the Minimum USA and TOSL by Type of Land use
Zoning per Lot (NBCP) ............................................................................................................................ 40
3.5 Setbacks for Commercial* Industrial, Institutional and Recreational Buildings (NBCP).................. 40 3.6
General Requirements for Occupant Loads and Exits (NBCP) ...................................................... 42
CHAPTER 4: Architectural Programming................................................................................................ 55
4.1 Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area (NBCP) ..................................................................... 56 4.2
Number of children in need of special protection served by DSWD from 2010 to 2018.................. 58 4.3
Computation for the average decrease rate of abandonment from 2010 to 2012........................... 59 4.4
Schedule of Users .......................................................................................................................... 68 4.7
Space programming ....................................................................................................................... 73 4.8
Total occupant load for building 1 (Admission Building) ................................................................. 77 4.9
Total occupant load for building 2 (Children’s Residence).............................................................. 78 4.10
Project Costing ............................................................................................................................... 88
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List of Figures
CHAPTER 1: Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 22
1.1 Department of Social Welfare and Development logo .................................................................... 24
2.1 Map of National Capital Region ...................................................................................................... 31 2.2
Pasig City barangay Map................................................................................................................ 32 2.3
Map of Barangay Ugong, Pasig City via Google Maps................................................................... 33 2.4
Topographical map of Pasig City.................................................................................................... 33 2.5
Flood Hazard Map of Pasig City ..................................................................................................... 34 2.6
Liquefaction map of Pasig City ....................................................................................................... 35 2.7
Distance of West Valley Fault Line from the Site............................................................................ 35 2.8
Detailed Map of Barangay Ugong, Pasig City featuring schools, malls, and hospitals ................... 36 2.9
Initial Schematic Design A.............................................................................................................. 37 2.10
initial Schematic Design B .............................................................................................................. 38
CHAPTER 3: Design input ........................................................................................................................ 39
3.1 Rainwater harvesting ..................................................................................................................... 44 3.2
Passive cooling Architecture .......................................................................................................... 44 3.3
Example of an area with Biophilic design ...................................................................................... 44 3.4
Interior Hurricane Shutter .............................................................................................................. 45 3.5
Parapet Roofing ............................................................................................................................. 45 3.6
Steel Framing System .................................................................................................................... 46 3.7
Shallow foundation ........................................................................................................................ 47 3.8
Wide strip foundation ..................................................................................................................... 47 3.9
Two-way slab ................................................................................................................................. 48 3.10
Long span beam ............................................................................................................................ 48 3.11
Sewage treatment process ............................................................................................................ 49 3.12
Tahanan ng Pagmamahal Children’s Home .................................................................................. 51 3.13
Saint Rita Orphanage & College..................................................................................................... 52 3.14
SOS Children’s Villages International............................................................................................. 53 3.15
New Jerusalem Children’s Home ................................................................................................... 54
CHAPTER 4: Architectural Programming................................................................................................ 55
4.1 Graph interpretation for Table 4.2................................................................................................... 59
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4.2 UNICEF’s Situation Analysis of Children in the Philippines ............................................................ 62
4.3 Projected decrease rate in National Capital Region ....................................................................... 65
4.4 Proposal’s zoning for users and staff.............................................................................................. 66
4.5 Organizational Chart....................................................................................................................... 67
4.6 Matrix Diagram A............................................................................................................................ 69
4.7 Matrix Diagram B............................................................................................................................ 70
4.8 Bubble Diagram A .......................................................................................................................... 71
4.9 Bubble Diagram B .......................................................................................................................... 72
4.10 Lego Bricks..................................................................................................................................... 80
4.11 Minimalist Style............................................................................................................................... 82
4.12 Space with acoustic ceiling baffle ................................................................................................... 83
4.13 Section of Self-watering Planter Box .............................................................................................. 83
4.14 Baby’s tears Indoor plant................................................................................................................ 84
4.15 Form Concept................................................................................................................................. 84
4.16 Post and Lintel................................................................................................................................ 85
4.17 Curtain Wall sample photo.............................................................................................................. 85
4.18 Acoustic Plywood ........................................................................................................................... 86
4.19 Carpet sample photo ...................................................................................................................... 86
4.20 Wood Board.................................................................................................................................... 86
4.21 Water-based paint sample photo.................................................................................................... 87
4.22 Planter box made of HDPE............................................................................................................. 87
4.23 Jalousie Window sample ................................................................................................................ 87
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Dedication
This study is made out of love and hope for the future generation: the children. Their pure hearts
and intentions shall be nurtured with the same amount of effort that the researcher poured in this paper. To
my very understanding and forgiving God: the source of my passion, strength, perseverance, and will to
live. To the Members Church of God International (MCGI) for inspiring me to do good things without
hesitation, and not expecting for something in return.
To my family members, especially my nephew who did not hesitate to bring laughter in times of
chaos and breakdowns, and to my thesis buddy who did not let me feel I’m alone and unloved.
Thanks be to God for His unspeakable gifts.
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Acknowledgement
I would like to acknowledge my hands on capstone adviser, Ar. Ma. Loudette Bae who guided and
encouraged me to strive harder than I expected. Her inspiring and funny stories, and love towards us are
priceless.
I also want to mention my family members since they are my considered friends during pandemic.
My parents, Mr. Edwin and Mrs. Raquel Basallote, my brother and his partner and baby boy, Kuya Rak, Ate
Rena and Tyriel, my Aunties and Unlce, Tita Meann, Tita Emy, and Tito Bon. You have seen me struggling
a lot since freshmen days, who would have thought that the little girl who is always crying, asking for help,
will got this far.
Last but not the least, my loving thesis buddy, Roniel Gulmatico. Thank you for being an all-
rounder. You are a partner, a therapist, and a playmate.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A than 1% of the entire
population, declared by the United Nations’ Children’s Rights &
TITLE/ LOCATION #2: Emergency Relief Organization. In the same article from the Los
HELE: A Proposed Children’s Orphanage Manila City, Angeles Times, The DSWD or Department of Social Welfare
National Capital Region and Development is responsible for allocating new homes of
these abandoned children. Some of them were already adopted
by the American families in the year 2009 up to 2015.
Introduction Studies say that there are 250,000 children on the
In the year 2016, there were 1.8 million abandoned streets in Metro Manila; the majority of the street children are
children counted in the Philippines that is considered as more boys aged 7 to 16-year-old, and 75% of them still return to their
than 1% of the entire population, declared by the United Nations’ respective families after begging or doing sidelines on the
Children’s Rights & Emergency Relief Organization. streets of the said region. National Capital Region has a total of
As of July 2020, there are approximately 250,000 26 children’s orphanage lead by several religious organization:
homeless children in the Philippines. There are several reasons 9 facilities can be found in Manila City, 6 facilities in Quezon
behind this case: (1) Children end up being homeless for the City, 4 in Pasig City, 2 in Parañaque City, 1 in Makati City,
reason of running away from their abusive parent, (2) poverty, Mandaluyong City, Marikina City, Pasay City, and San Juan
(3) natural calamities, (4) and sexual exploitation. City.
This proposed children’s orphanage: HELE aims to take This proposed children’s orphanage: HELE aims to take
the custody of the street children to develop the character of the the custody of the street children to develop the character of the
said target users, and to lessen informal settlers that can be said target users, and to lessen informal settlers that can be
seen in several spots in National Capital Region, especially in seen in several spots in National Capital Region, especially in
the City of Manila. the City of Manila. It shall promote normalizing the adoption in
the Philippines, to alleviate the problem gradually in terms of
Statement of the Problem overpopulation and provide the needs of the children. It shall
There are several reasons why children became also offer a facility that will orient the street children on how to
homeless and abandoned: (1) Running away from their abusive behave appropriately and be organized with the approach of
parent, (2) poverty, (3) natural calamities, (4) and sexual allocating space for different kinds of activities. Programming
exploitation. Homeless children face this kind of being called as this building shall consider pre and post-pandemic norms.
future criminals due to the fact that they are neglected not just Learning facility that can conduct online and face to face
by their family, but the society as well. Majority of them engaged sessions shall also be programmed in accordance to the new
in illegal drugs to forget their emotional instability, and ease their normal, private outdoor areas for playtime to promote daily
hunger. Lack of proper orientation in terms of way of living in a exercise to the children, multifunctional hall for upcoming
child may lead to a serious socio problem. events, visitors’ lounge, workshops and chapel.
In the year 2016, there were 1.8 million abandoned
children counted in the Philippines that is considered as more
Objectives of the Study
12
The goals and objectives of the researcher of this paper different attitudes to
are the following: one another.
• To program a building with the consideration of social
• To identify the different attitudes of homeless children. distancing, that may be useful even after the pandemic.
• To design a facility that will cater to various activities that • To explore different strategies in designing that will be
will be beneficial to the target users. functional and aesthetically pleasing to the eyes.
• To provide comfort to the target users considering their • To present a design that is universal or versatile, that can
adjust to the target users.
13
SITE: Jesus St. Pandacan, District VI, Manila City, National Capital Region
LOT SIZE: 3.30 Hectares
LANDMARKS: Pandacan Linear Park (Southern part of the site)
200 meters from Saint Joseph’s School – Pandacan
250 meters from Santo Niño de Pandacan Paris
14
SITE PHOTOS FROM MAJOR ROAD:
15
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY B develop the children’s skills, engage them in various
workshops that will be relevant and timeless, and religious
Title: HELE: A Proposed Children’s Orphanage activities to guide them.
Location: Las Piñas City, Metropolitan Manila Chapter 1:
This proposed Children’s Orphanage will be located in a
Introduction first-class, and one of the highly urbanized cities in Metro
Manila, Las Piñas: The City of Love and Progress, along
1.1.1. The Project Alabang-Zapote Road. The said city has a total land area of
41.54 square kilometers.
In the year 2016, the United Nations’ Children’s Rights &
Emergency Relief Organization declared that there were Aside from those, the proposed Children’s orphanage aims
approximately 1.8 million abandoned children in the to promote universal design: this is to take considerations
Philippines, and it is considered as more than 1% of the from not just the children, but possible visitors who are
entire population. As of July 2020, Metro Manila recorded considered as PWDs, such as visually impaired, hearing
250,000 homeless children in their region. As the impaired, and crippled. Biophilic Design with a dominance of
percentage of abandonment is continuously rising, there are playful
only 26 operating facilities in the said region. color scheme to make the space lively and pleasing to the
eyes of the children, even with impairment.
A children’s orphanage is a building, or a space that offers
shelter, and learning facility for the homeless and The concept of this strategy is based on the special needs
abandoned child. This proposed Children’s Orphanage: of visually and hearing impaired citizens. Considering their
HELE will be providing a facility that will enhance and condition, programing a safe and secured space for a child
is attainable.
• No proper space allocated for the homeless,
1.2. Statement of the Problem especially street children.
Child abandonment has several reasons: (1) poverty, (2) • Having no proper space for homeless, they become
running away from abusive parents, (3) natural calamities, informal settlers. The streets and spaces that should be
and (4) sexual exploitation. Homeless children will become used by the pedestrians, and other facilities that will be
informal settlers, and often called as future criminals for the useful for the community were occupied by them.
reason that they are neglected, not just by their family, the
• Lack of facility that offers sufficient orientation in terms of
society as well. Majority of homeless children engage in
illegal drugs to escape from their emotional instability, and a child's way of living; being a street child may lead to a
ease their hunger. With 250,000 street children in Metro serious social problem.
Manila.
The Philippines, especially Metropolitan Manila is facing this 1.3. Project Objectives
crisis since time immemorial with these reasons:
16
The goals and objectives of the researcher of this paper are the insurance, recruitment, hotels and resorts, livestock and
following: agriculture.
• To program the facility in accordance to the different 1.4.2. Mission, Vision & Goal
attitudes of the homeless children. Mission
• To provide comfort to the target users considering their The leading group of companies of premier education,
healthcare delivery service, and community development with
different attitudes to one another.
enterprises in food and agriculture, retail, construction and
• To design a facility that will cater to various activities that will real state, health maintenance organization, manpower
be beneficial to the target users. services, business process outsourcing, and management
services, all for a better Filipino society.
• To program a building with the consideration of social
Vision
distancing, that may be useful even after the pandemic, We, at the DALTA Group, are passionate and committed by
especially in service and utility needs. educating with the best quality, providing the best healthcare
• To promote the concept and benefits of biophilic designs not service, offering great food and valuable supplies, creating
lasting homes and landmarks, rendering the most reliable
just in terms of aesthetics but also its function.
support services, and managing with utmost excellence. all in
• To design a facility that will cater to various activities that will synergy and strength.
be beneficial to the target users. Goals
To improve their established institutions, healthcare
1.4. The Client facilities, and businesses.
1.4.1. Background of the Client
1.4.3. Issues and Aspirations
Dalta Group of DALTA GROUP OF COMPANIES has these core values:
Companies, an educational and health institution in Las Piñas Helpfulness, Excellence, Loyalty, Patience and Malasakit.
City, was established by Dr. Antonio L. Tamayo along with Daisy
M. Tamayo. Dr. Antonio Laperal Tamayo originated in
Pangasinan, the Founder and the CEO of the University of 1.5. Project Scope and Limitation
Perpetual Help System DALTA and JONELTA.: one of the largest
groups of companies in the fields of education, health, real estate This study for children’s orphanage aims to tackle and focus
and land development, communication, banking and finance, on these:
will be aesthetically pleasing to the eyes with the
• Programming of the facility with the consideration of dominance of nature.
different attitudes of the target users, staffs, and
visitors. The limitations of this study are:
• Site development plan. Circulation and landscaping for • Structural. This paper with a study of the proposed
allocated private outdoor activities. children’s orphanage
• Architectural Design and Interiors of the building that
17
will only focus on the design and 2.1.1. Site Selection and Description
circulation of the users.
This proposed Children’s Orphanage will be located in a first-
• Budget for equipment and materials, and duration of class, and one of the highly urbanized cities in Metro Manila,
the project’s Las Piñas: The City of Love and Progress. The side must
completion. consider the natural and environmental opportunities and
threats with the following considerations:
• The site must not be prone to natural disasters such
1.6. Design Process
as flooding or the
I. Problem & Needs. Identifying the different routines and overflowing of rivers if applicable.
attitude of the street children. II. Research. Look for an existing
facility on the internet, read reviews and history about it. III. • The area must not have a severe history of flooding,
Observe. Visit an existing children’s orphanage and take notes
including its access road/s. • The area must not be severely
and photos if possible, to make it a reference to your project.
IV. Application. After gathering data and sets of information, affected by tidal waves and earthquakes.
apply logical, critical, and analytical analysis to your study. • The site must be far from a fault line.
V. Conceptualize. Develop your study, and conceptualize
your ideas for the circulation and the design of the Aside from those, the site must be accessible with these bases:
infrastructure.
VI. Feedback. Conduct a survey, or interview professionals • Mode of transportation is not a hassle from cities in NCR.
and specialists in accordance to the proposal. The site also should have a road that is accessible for
VII. Improve. Enhance the initial planning and design service and utility needs.
according to the suggestion, observation and feedback
• Site is along a major road.
Chapter 2: Site Justification • Low chance of traffic congestion.

2.1. Site Selection Criteria • Site must have a lot of shades for the commuters and
For a proposed children’s orphanage, a site must be located in pedestrians, and
Metro Manila for the reason of this region is currently facing an unwanted noise shall not be a threat.
issue regarding homeless people especially the street children.
The things to consider in choosing a practical and reasonable • The site must be near the terminal/s.
site will revolve on the following:
Characteristic of soil and its area shall also be checked
• Natural and environmental opportunities and threats. with the following:
(25%)
• Mode of transportation is not a hassle from cities in NCR.
• Accessibility and Comfort. For target users and The site also should have a road that is accessible for
visitors, service and utility service and utility needs.
needs, and emergencies. (25%)
• Lot size is efficient for a rehabilitation center and can
• Lot size, type, and its efficiency. (25%) • Aesthetic, accommodate future
culture, economic and legal factors. (25%) expansion. Minimum of 1 hectare and maximum of 2
hectares.
liquefaction
• Soil type must sustain the building. • The site must
not be prone to Aesthetic, economic, and legal factors will also be divided into
four criteria:
18
ORPHANAGE AND
• Slopes are favourable and buildable. • Institutional CAN ACCOMMODATE FUTURE
EXPANSION. (1HECTARE – 2
and commercial facilities should be walkable from the HECTARES)
site. AESTHETIC, LEGAL, AND ECONOMIC FACTORS
• Site must be surrounded, or near at health care SLOPES ARE FAVORABLE AND
BUILDABLE
4 4 4
facilities.
INSTITUTIONAL AND 5 5 4
COMMERCIAL FACILITIES IS
• The perimeter shall not have a possible competitor of WALKABLE FROM THE SITE TO
LESSEN TRAVEL
the proposal. HOUR IN TIMES OF EMERGENCIES.
THE SITE IS SURROUNDED, OR 5 5 4

• Site shall be located in an organized city. 2.1.2. Site NEAR FROM A
HEALTHCARE FACILITY.
NO POSSIBLE COMPETITOR 5 5 5
Evaluation WITHIN THE AREA
THE CITY IS SAFE AND ORGANIZED 5 5 5

CRITERIA LAS PIÑAS CITY
TOTAL 4.43 4.6 4.23
SITE SITE SITE
1 2 3
1 – HIGHLY UNFAVORABLE 2 – UNFAVORABLE 3 –

NEUTRAL
2.1.3. Site Justification
4 – FAVORABLE 5 – HIGHLY FAVORABLE
Site 2 has the most favorable factors that is suitable from this
NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, & PHYSICAL STATUS
proposed Children’s Orphanage: HELE because of the
THE SITE IS SAFE FROM 5 5 5 following:
NATURAL DISASTERS
SUCH AS FLOODING,
EARTHQUAKE, AND TIDAL WAVE • Lot size offers potential of future
NO SEVERE HISTORY OF
FLOODING, INCLUDING ITS
5 5 5 expansion, natural vegetation is
ACCESS ROAD/S FOR THE
PAST 10 YEARS
beneficial, slope is buildable and more likely flat.
THE SITE IS FAR FROM FAULT LINE 5 5 5 • The site is surrounded by establishments that can support
ACCESSIBILITY AND COMFORT
the children’s
orphanage.
MODE OF TRANSPORTATION IS 5 5 5
NOT HASSLE FROM
ANY NEARBY REGION/S, AND
EVEN FOR SERVICE
• The site is between Perpetual Help Medical Center
NEEDS
and Uniwide.
SITE IS ALONG MAJOR ROAD 5 5 5
• Mode of transportation is not a hassle.
LOW CHANCE OF TRAFFIC 3 3 3
CONGESTION
SITE OFFERS A LOT OF SHADES 3 5 4

FOR THE
COMMUTERS AND PEDESTRIANS,
2.2.1. Macro-Meso Site Analysis:
ANO NO THREAT
OF UNWANTED NOISE/
Region / Province / City / Town
THE SITE IS NEAR THE TERMINAL/S 3 3 3 Metropolitan Manila of National Capital Region
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SITE’S SOIL Metro Manila, with 619.6 square kilometers, is bounded by
THE SITE IS SAFE FROM 5 5 5
Bulacan. Rizal, Cavite and Laguna according to this map. The
LIQUEFACTION said region has 16 cities:
SOIL TYPE CAN SUSTAIN THE
BUILDING
4 4 4
• Manila City
LOT SIZE IS EFFICIENT FOR AN 4 4 4
• Makati City
• Mandaluyong City • Parañaque City
• Quezon City • Pasay City
• Caloocan City • Pasig CIty
• Malabon City • San Juan City
• Las Piñas CIty • Taguig City
• Marikina CIty • Valenzuela City
• Muntinlupa City Las Piñas City
• Navotas City Las Piñas City, with 32.69 square kilometers as its total
land area, is surrounded by several cities including
Bacoor Cavite, Muntinlupa City, and Parañaque City.
19
There are 20 barangays inside this city, and divided seven hazards, and those are (1) ground shaking (2)
into two districts: District 1 and District 2. Las Piñas City liquefaction, (3) rain-induced landslide, (4) tsunami,
was also declared as one of the best places to live, (5) severe wind, (6) flood and (7) storm surge.
according to the report in the year 2008. Pamplona Tres is susceptible to ground shaking with
7.2 magnitudes. Pamplona Tres also has a high to
2.2.2. Micro Site Analysis: The Site and its moderate susceptibility to flooding.
Immediate Environs
SWOT
Analysis
Strengths
Geology
• The site is along Alabang-Zapote road. • The mode of
The site is located in District 1, Pamplona Tres, with a
soil type Guadalupe clay loam. Guadalupe clay loam transportation is not a hassle.
is coarse and it is granular to coddy when dry, and • The site can be located through riding a bus going to SM
sticky when wet. City Southmall.
Topography • Lots of Landmarks.
According to the Ecological Profile of Las Piñas, the
said city is located at the mouths of the Zapote, and • The site is located at the eastern side of Perpetual Help
Las Piñas Rivers are characterized as flat lands with Medical Center and
an elevation of 0 to 10 meters above sea level. University of Perpetual Help, Las Piñas campus.
Climate and Hazards Weaknesses
In the Hazard profile, Las Piñas City is exposed to • There is no terminal near the site. • The site is adjacent to
a shopping mall and a university. Unwanted noise may be a
problem. areas that can be used. • Future expansion is a huge
• No pedestrian lane on its frontage. • The site is in possibility. • Site’s accessibility is a road directly
the squatter’s area. connected to several cities in Metro
Manila.
Opportunities
• No possible competitor of the proposal. Threats
• The perimeter has an established road and commercial
20
• Going to the site might
consume
additional time because
there is no
proper pedestrian lane in its
frontage.
• Noise pollution from Alabang-
Zapote road, and nearby
establishments such as fast-
food chain, university, shopping
mall, and other commercial
buildings.
2.3. Initial Schematic Design

21
Chapter 1:
Introduction
22
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1. The Project
This study is titled HELE: A STUDY ON RESILIENT AND CHILD-FRIENDLY ORPHANAGE WITHIN A
CHANGING WEATHER HIGHLIGHTING BIOPHILIC DESIGN IN PASIG CITY.
In 2016, the United Nations’ Children’s Rights & Emergency Relief Organization declared there were
approximately 1.8 million abandoned children in the Philippines, a figure considered as more than 1% of the
entire population (De Leon and Kaiman, 2016.)
As the percentage of abandonment continuous to soar, the Philippines continue to struggle with housing the
demand as there are only few operating facilities available across the islands.
This study, named after the Filipino term “Hele,” which translates to “lullaby,” features the Biophilic Design
strategy, which, according to Aristizabal et. al (2021), boosts the function of the parasympathetic nervous
system (PSNS).
Furthermore, PSNS modulates the glands and produces or releases substances to signal the body to
perform a specific movement.
The research proposes the children’s orphanage to be called “Hele,” which will also aim to provide security,
safety, and comfort for its users, identified as the abandoned and homeless children.
An orphanage is a building or a space that offers shelter and learning facility to abandoned and neglected
children (Bani Ismail et al, 2018). With that, this study will aim to provide a facility that will help enhance and
develop the children’s skills by engaging them in various workshops and activities that will be relevant for
their growth.
In addition, the proposed orphanage will seek the promotion and application of the eco-friendly biophilic
design strategy with a dominance of playful color scheme to make the living space attractive and pleasing to
the eyes of the children.
1.2. Statement of the Problem
Meribole (2020) noted that child abandonment has several reasons, namely: (1) poverty, (2) domestic
violence, (3) natural calamities, and (4) sexual exploitation. In the Philippines, there are approximately 4.5
million homeless people out of its total 106 million population.
According to Hope.org.ph, Metro Manila and the National Capital Region (NCR) alone have an estimated
30,000 children living on the streets. However, Philippines struggles to keep abreast of the growing demand
for adequate living spaces due to the following:
● Limited capacity of the DSWD to offer accommodations for abandoned and neglected children in
Metro Manila and across the Philippines
● The existing orphanages in NCR only house an average of 20 users out of hundreds abandoned and
neglected children.
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● There is a lack of open and green spaces allocated for orphanages.
1.3. Project Objectives
Given the stated issues above, the researcher aims to provide and attain the following objectives in this
study:
● To program the facility that shall be versatile to various attitudes of the children. ● To provide
comfort and safety in times of natural calamities to the target users alongside the staff and
administrators.
● To design a facility that will cater various activities that will be beneficial to the target users,
especially during pre- and post-pandemic.
● To promote the concept and benefits of biophilic designs not just in terms of aesthetic but also its
function.
1.4 The Client

1.4.1. Background of the Client
Fig 1.1. Department of Social Welfare and Development logo
DSWD or the Department of Social Welfare and Development is the executive department of the
Philippine Government that is responsible for the protection of the social welfare of rights of every Filipino.
DSWD, which is currently headed by Secretary Rolando Joselito Delizo Bautista, runs a total of 14
programs and services, including: (1) Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) (2) Kalahi CIDSS -
NCDDP, (3) Sustainable Livelihood Program, (4) Listahan, (5) Supplemental Feeding Program, (6) Disaster
Response Operations, (7) Recovery and Reintegration Program for Trafficked Persons (RRPTP), (8)
Pamana, (9) Protective Services Program, (10) International Social Welfare Services for Filipino Nationals
(ISWSFN), (11) Residential and Non-Residential Facilities, (12) Adoption and Foster Care, (13) Gender
and Development, and (14) Bottom-Up Planning and Budgeting (BUB.)
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1.4.2. Mission, Vision & Goal
Mission
“To lead in the formulation, implementation, and coordination of social welfare and development policies
and programs for and with the poor, vulnerable and disadvantaged.”
Vision
“The Department of Social Welfare and Development envisions all Filipinos free from hunger and poverty,
have equal access to opportunities, enabled by a fair, just, and peaceful society.”
1.4.3 Issues and Aspirations

The department envisions the country to be made up of societies where the poor, vulnerable and
disadvantaged individuals and families are empowered as they enjoy an improved quality of life. DSWD
aims to delivery a series of coordinated social services that will significantly reduce poverty by 2030.
Furthermore, the agency serves the Filipino people by promoting respect for human dignity, integrity, and
service excellence.
1.5. Project Scope and Limitation
This study for children’s orphanage aims to tackle and focus on the following:
● Creating space programming of the building according to the required area per user and activities
of the children
● Providing open spaces for the outdoor play area of the children, garden, and other amenities
designed for the public/ mass gathering with the staff and visitors
● Designing interiors that fit the different age, interests, and personality of the children, the staff, and
the advocacy of the facility itself
The limitations of this proposal are:
● There will be detailed structural studies, with only concept and basic ideas to be tackled in this
paper.
● There will be a detailed budget breakdown and project’s time completion since only estimates shall
be presented in this study.
1.6. Design Process

I. Issues of the area and their needs. The city that shall be used in this proposal shall have a problem that
is relevant to be solved by this project.
II. Research. Look for an existing facility on the internet, read reviews and history about it.
25
III. Observe. If possible, visit an existing children’s orphanage and take notes and photos if possible, to
make it a reference to your project.
IV. Application. After gathering data and sets of information, apply logical, critical, and analytical analysis
to your study.
V. Conceptualize. Develop your study, and formulate your ideas for the circulation and the design of the
infrastructure.
VI. Survey. Coordinate with the professional, or any relevant people for your study and gather salient
information to apply to the proposed children’s orphanage.
VII. Application. Apply the gathered sets of information to your design, and enhance your initial study from
the internet.
26
Chapter 2:
Site Justification
27
Chapter 2: Site Justification
2.1. Site Selection Criteria
For a proposed children’s orphanage, the possible site must be situated in Metro Manila as region logs most
cases of child abandonment. The criteria will be divided into the following:
● Atmospheric factors. (20%)

● Accessibility and Mode of transportation. (20%)
● Lot area, type, and its strengths and opportunities. (20%)
● Needs of the children for their daily activities. (20%)
● Legal, culture, economic, and aesthetic factors (20%)
2.1.1. Site Selection and Description
In 2015, DSWD released a list of cities in Metro Manila that has the greatest number of abandoned and
neglected children, who considered the streets their home.
In the data, Parañaque ranked first, followed by Muntinlupa and Pasig at the third spot. A site from each city
aforementioned shall be evaluated in this paper, with the need for the proposed children’s orphanage to be
located in the most favorable area.
The site must consider the atmospheric factors with the following criteria:
● Natural disasters such as flooding or overflowing of rivers (if applicable).

● History of flooding for the past 5 years, including its access road/s.
● Tidal waves and earthquakes threats.
● Distance from the fault line.
Aside from the said atmospheric factors above, the accessibility of the perimeter shall also be evaluated
with the following bases:
● Mode of transportation for visitors, utility needs, and emergencies.

● Width of the main road upon going to the site.
● Traffic congestion.
● Shades.
● Nearby landmarks and terminal/s.
Soil’s physical characteristic and its lot area will be considered according to its lot size efficiency, soil type,
and chances of liquefaction. The maximum lot size must be two hectares.
28
Since the orphanage will be built for the needs of the children, primary and secondary schools as well as
possible open and play area must be taken into consideration when choosing a site. As for the legal,
culture, economic, and aesthetic factors, the criteria will as follows:
● Must have buildable slopes.

● Must have nearby establishments and facilities.
● Possible competitor of the proposal.
● The site shall be located in an organized city.
2.1.2. Site Evaluation

CRITERIA PARAÑAQUE CITY MUNTINLUPA CITY PASIG CITY
SITE 1 (Pacific Ave.) SITE 2 (Corporate Ave.) SITE 3 (C-5.)
1 - HIGHLY UNFAVORABLE 2 - UNFAVORABLE 3 - NEUTRAL
4 - FAVORABLE 5 - HIGHLY FAVORABLE
NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, & PHYSICAL STATUS
THE SITE IS SAFE FROM NATURAL

333
DISASTERS SUCH AS FLOODING,
EARTHQUAKE, AND TIDAL WAVE
NO SEVERE HISTORY OF 4 4 4
FLOODING FOR THE PAST 5
YEARS.
THE DISTANCE OF THE SITE 5 3 3
FROM THE FAULT LINE IS
REASONABLE
ACCESSIBILITY AND COMFORT
MODE OF TRANSPORTATION FROM

NEARBY CITIES, BACK AND FORTH. 3 3 5
THE SITE IS BOUNDED BY A 4 4 5

MAJOR ROAD WITH PRACTICAL
WIDTH.
LOW CHANCE OF TRAFFIC 5 3 4

CONGESTION.
SITE OFFERS A LOT OF SHADES 3 4 4

FOR THE COMMUTERS AND
PEDESTRIANS, ANO NO THREAT
OF UNWANTED NOISE
THE SITE IS NEAR THE TERMINAL/S 5 3 5
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SITE’S SOIL
THE SITE IS SAFE FROM
LIQUEFACTION 3 3 3
SOIL CAN SUSTAIN THE BUILDING 3 3 5

LOT SIZE EFFICIENCY FOR AN 5 5 5
ORPHANAGE, AND ITS
FUTURE EXPANSION.
NEEDS OF THE CHILDREN FOR THEIR DAILY ACTIVITIES
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY

345
29
SCHOOLS ARE NEAR TO LESSEN
THE EXPENSES OF THE
ORPHANAGE
SAFE ENVIRONMENT FOR 5 5 5

OPEN AND PLAY AREA
AESTHETIC, LEGAL, AND ECONOMIC FACTORS
FAVORABLE AND BUILDABLE
SLOPE. 5 5 5
HUGE COMMERCIAL 3 4 5
ESTABLISHMENTS THAT CAN
SUPPORT THE NEEDS OF
THE USERS IS WALKABLE.
HEALTHCARE FACILITY IS 4 4 5
ACCESIBLE.
NO POSSIBLE COMPETITOR 5 5 5
WITHIN THE AREA
THE AREA IS SAFE AND ORGANIZED 5 5 5
TOTAL 4.05 3.88 4.5
Table 2.1 Site evaluations for Pacific Avenue, Corporate Avenue, and C-5.
2.1.3. Site Justification
Three sites evaluated have a distinctive characteristic that is favorable from each other. As seen from the
table 2.1, the site from Pasig City accumulated the most favorable score deeming it suitable for the
proposed children’s orphanage: HELE. Its characteristics are as follows:
● The lot area is 1.4 hectares with a buildable slope.

● The site is near elementary and secondary
schools, a hospital, and a barangay hall. ●
There is an accessible mode of public
transportation within the area, which also has a
lot of landmarks.
● The site is cornered by major and minor roads.
30
2.2. Site Analysis
2.2.1. Macro-Meso Site Analysis: Region /

Province / City / Town
Metropolitan Manila of National Capital Region
Metropolitan Manila of National Capital Region.
Metro Manila, with 619.6 square kilometers, is
bounded by Bulacan. Rizal, Cavite and Laguna,
sitting in the southwestern portion of Luzon.
The region has 16 cities: (1) Manila City, (2) Makati
City, (3) Mandaluyong City, (4) Quezon City, (5)
Caloocan City, (6) Malabon City, (7) Las Piñas City,
(8) Marikina CIty, (9) Muntinlupa City, (10) Navotas
City, (11) Parañaque City, (12) Pasay City, (13)
Pasig CIty, (14) San Juan City, (15) Taguig City,
and (16) Valenzuela City.
Known for being the country’s political, economic,
and educational hotspot, Metro Manila is actually
the smallest region in the Philippines yet happens
to also be most densely populated region with
approximately 12 million Filipino residents,
according to the Department of Trade and Industry.
The said region is geographically divided into four
zones: The Coastal Margin, Central or Guadalupe
Plateau, Marikina Valley, and the Laguna Lowlands.
Pasig City. Pasig City, a highly urbanized city in
Metropolitan Manila, is known as the
Green City
with a total land area of 34.32 square
kilometers. It
is bounded by the cities of Marikina,
Quezon, San
Juan, Mandaluyong, Makati, and
Pateros.
According to the 2015 census, Pasig
City has a
population of 755, 300 people.
Fig 2.1 Map of
National Capital
Region
31
Pasig City,
Metropolitan Manila
Pasig City, which is

divided into Districts 1
and 2, has 30
barangays in total.
District 1 is home to
barangays Bagong Ilog, Bagong
Katipunan, Bambang, Buting,
Caniogan, Kalawaan, Kapasigan,
Kapitolyo, Malinao, Oranbom
Palatiw, Pineda, Sagad, San
Antonio, San Joaquin, San Jose,
San Nicolas, Santa Cruz, Santa
Rosa, Santo Tomas, Sumilang, and
Ugong.
Meanwhile, District 2 has Dela Paz,

Manggahan, Maybunga,
Pinagbuhatan, Rosario, San Miguel,
Santa Lucia, and Santolan.
The proposed site will be located at

Barangay Ugong in District 1.
Fig 2.2 Pasig City Barangay Map
32
2.2.2. Micro Site Analysis: The Site and its
Immediate Environs
Barangay Ugong, Pasig

City
Barangay Ugong, Pasig
City. Barangay
Ugong is a highly urbanized
barangay in the
northwestern side of Pasig City. It is
bounded by the following barangays: (1) San
Antonio, (2) Oranbo, (3) Bagong Ilog, (4)
Caniogan, (5) Maybunga, (6) Sta. Lucia, and
(7) Rosario. According to the 2015 census,
there are 22,510 people in Ugong, making it
2.98% of the population of Pasig City. The
5.932 square kilometers barangay is known
for the landmarks SM Center Pasig, Arcovia
City, Silver CIty, Tiendesitas, and The Grove
by Rockwell. It is currently headed by
Barangay captain Lizbeth N. Santiago.
Fig 2.3 Map of Barangay Ugong, Pasig City
via Google Maps
Topography
As stated in the
Comprehensive Land Use
Plan, Pasig City is relatively
flat, with slopes
with gradients ranging from 0
to 5%. All
barangays in Pasig City have
0 - 2% slope,
except for barangays Bagong
Ilog, Pineda,
Kapitolyo, and Oranbo, as
stated in the
official Pasig City Hall Library
website.
Geology
According to Metro Manila geographical

division, Pasig City is classified and placed
under the Marikina Valley Zone, which has
86% Marikina Clay Loam and 14%
Guadalupe Plateau Zone both deemed
suitable for urban development.
Barangay Ugong is within 86% of Marikina

Valley Zone with Marikina Clay Loam.
Fig 2.4 Topographical map of Pasig City
33
Flood Hazard Map
According to Fig 2.5, there are there levels: The yellow indication stands for low chance of getting hit,
orange for medium chance, and red for a high chance of flood. While parts of Barangay Ugong are under
the orange level, the proposed site is at the yellow level with 0.1 meter to 0.5-meter possible water or flood
height.
Fig 2.5 Flood Hazard map of Pasig City
34
Liquefaction Map
Moreover, as seen from Fig 2.6, there

are four levels of
risk of impact following an earthquake
with: (1) yellow for
a very low chance of getting affected, (2)
orange for low
chance, (3) red orange for high chance,
and (4) red for
very high chance of getting affected.
Barangay Ugong is
placed under red or very high level.
Fig 2.6 Liquefaction map of Pasig City
West Valley Fault Line Distance

Fig 2.7 shows that Pasig City is an
earthquake prone area. According to
the map, the site is 1km away from
West Valley Fault.Fig 2.7 Tsunami
Hazard map of Pasig City
Fig 2.7 Distance of West Valley Fault

Line from the Site
35
Fig 2.8 Detailed Map of Barangay Ugong, Pasig City featuring schools, malls, and hospitals
SWOT Analysis
Strengths
• The site is located in front of SM Center Pasig along C-5 road and bounded by both major and minor
roads.
• There are two primary schools and one secondary school in a five-kilometer radius, centering the
site.
• Mother Regina Hospital is only 1.6 kilometers away from the site.
• Ugong Barangay Hall is 750 meters away from the site, making it an additional security asset.
Weaknesses
• Since Marikina River is located at the eastern side of the site, overflowing of river is possible in case
of a heavy rainfall.
• There is a possibility of liquefaction, requiring the use of appropriate foundation so the building can
withstand the phenomenon.
• Natural sound buffers, such as huge and fast-growing tress, shall be planted since there is noise
pollution coming from major and minor roads.
Opportunity
• The site is located in front of SM CenterPasig, making the mode of transportation accessible. •
There is an accessible hospital in case of emergencies.
• The location lessens the expenses of the orphanage itself as schools are within a walking distance or
one jeepney ride away.
36
• Barangay hall is also within walking distance from the site.
Threats
• The site is bounded by two roads, noise pollution is inevitable.
• The area is adjacent with a body of water, there is a risk of flooding.
Site Bearings
Point 1 to 2 S 71.2° E 81.46 meters
Point 2 to 3 S 22° E 19.04 meters
Point 5 to 6 S 34.8° W 120.82 meters
Point 6 to 7 N 55° W 120.075 meters
Point 7 to 1 N 30° E 100.35 meters
Table 2.2 Site bearings
2.3. Initial Schematic Design

Fig 2.9 Initial Schematic Design A
37
Fig 2.10 Initial Schematic Design B

38
Chapter 3:
Design Input
39
Chapter 3: Design Input
3.1. Design Standards
Below are the design standards and salient laws that shall be applied in the proposed HELE Orphanage
that must highlight the biophilic design in Pasig City:
• Amended Pasig City Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance
• National Building Code of the Philippines (PD 1096)
• Guidelines on Foster Care Service, DSWD
• Standards in the Implementation of Residential Care Service, DSWD
• Accessibility Law (BP 344)
• Fire Code of the Philippines (PD 1185)
• Revised Plumbing Code of the Philippines & Sanitary Code of the Philippines
3.1.1. Amended Pasig City Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance
According to the comprehensive zoning ordinance of Pasig City, the site is situated in the mixed-use
occupancy, meaning the zone is allocated for residential, institutional and commercial that is medium to high
rise building.
3.1.2. National Building Code of the Philippines (PD 1096)
3.1.2.1. Zoning
Orphanage is an institutional facility under Division D-3, according to National Building Code of the
Philippines (NBCP). The design requirements for the facility can be located at page 54 and are listed
below:
Table 3.1 Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area (NBCP)
40
Table 3.2. Building Height Limit (BHL) by Type of Use or Occupancy (NBCP)
Table 3.3 Minimum Required Parking Slot (NBCP)

Table 3.4 Maximum Allowable PSO,ISA, the MACA, the Minimum USA and the TOSL by Type of Land Use
Zoning per Lot (NBCP)
Table 3.5 Setbacks for Commercial*, Industrial, Institutional and Recreational Buildings (NBCP)
3.1.2.2. Ceiling Height
This proposal shall have a five meters height for its ground floor and three meters for the second floor. The
minimum ceiling height for ground floor must be 2.70 meters and the story shall be 2.40 meters.
41
3.1.2.3. Air Space Requirements in Determining the Size of Rooms
As mandated by the NBCP, offices must have a 12.00 cu. meters air space while habitable rooms must
have 14.00 cu. Meters. The minimum area for rooms shall be six square meters, the kitchen at three
square meters, and the toilet and bath measuring at least 1.20 meters.
3.1.2.4. Stairs, Exits, and Occupant Loads
Exits & its Width
Numbers of exits and its widths shall also conform to the National Building Code of the Philippines, page
133, and shall be computed at the Chapter 4 of this study. Occupant loads shall also conform to the
standards at page 134 of the building code, which is as follows:
Table 3.6 General Requirements for Occupant Loads and Exits
3.1.2.5. Arrangement, Door, and Distance and Numbers of Exits
The distance of each emergency exits shall conform to the computed numbers of the exits, which is then
determined through computing the occupant load per floor. The distance shall not be less than 1/5 of the
perimeter of the computed floor area and can also be place with a 60 meters distance from each other.
Stairs. Width of the emergency exits stairways shall be computed using the occupant loads per storey. The
required maximum height of the riser is 0.2 meters and run is 0.25 meters. The dimension of the landing
shall also be equal the width of the computed stairway per storey.
42
3.1.3. Guidelines on Foster Care Service, DSWD
Physical Structures and Safety
In this section, DSWD stated that there shall be safety and emergency procedures, alongside the
notification in incidents. The infrastructure shall be designed according to the needs of the target users,
visitors, and staff.
The building shall comply with the safety standards of the program requirements for everyday activities
provided by the Social Welfare and Development Agency (SWDA), a non-government organization that
provides social welfare services to the community.
Standards in the Implementation of Residential Care Services
The facility shall be programmed with the Staff-Client ratio, and shall comply with the Physical Structures
and Safety. Minimum space requirements are also given.
3.1.4. Accessibility Law (BP 344)
According to this law, the minimum requirement for the wheelchair shall be ranging from 1.10 meters up to
1.30 meters. The width shall be 0.6 meters up to 0.75 meters. The most favorable diameter as a reference
in terms of wheelchair’s rotation id 1.50 meters. From finish floor line, 0.70 meters is the favorable reach of
person using wheelchair.
3.1.5. Fire Code of the Philippines (PD 1185)
Every facility is required to have a fire exit with the numbers and distance based on the occupant load every
storey. Table 3.6 shows the variables and procedure in computing the specified numbers to apply in this
proposed children’s orphanage. Class A and C fire extinguishers shall be made available.
3.1.6. Plumbing Code and Sanitary Code of the Philippines
Table 7-2 Minimum Trap Diameters and Drainage Fixture Unit Values, and Table B-2 Capacity of Septic
Tank shall be the references to compute the capacity and other needs of the septic tank of the proposed
children’s orphanage. Water supply, toilet and bath facilities shall comply to the standards according to the
Sanitary Code of the Philippines.
3.2. Building Systems and Specialized Allied Services
3.2.1. Environmental System
The proposed children’s orphanage shall highlight the utilization of natural resource via the biophilic design
strategy to transform the building into a nature-like area.
43
Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater harvesting helps to

reduce the water consumption
of the facility by collects
rainwater from the roof (Prieto,
Rojas,& Zavala, 2018). The
water is then filtered to make
use in terms of daily activities
such as plant watering,
laundry, flushing, emergency
purposes and more.
Fig 3.1 Rainwater harvesting
Passive Cooling Architecture
To lessen the energy consumption, the

concept of passive cooling shall be used in
this proposed Children’s orphanage. Passive
colling tackles the most favourable orientation
of the building, that shall complement the
placements of the openings.
Fig 3.2 Passive cooling architecture
Biophilic Design
The proposed children’s orphanage
intends to offer
an environment to the target users
that will be
calming, and organic. Biophilic
Design helps the
nervous system to be boosted and
to send signals
to our body in order for us to
perform a specific
move. It also filters the air, and
promotes natural
lighting and ventilation.
Fig 3.3 Example of an area

with a biophilic design
44
Interior
Hurricane
Shutter
Hurricane shutters are built to

secure the openings,
especially
the windows of the building for flying debris, strong wind, rain,
and other factors that can cause damage and danger to the
users and the building itself. The shutters are placed beside the
curtain wall on the indoor play area, and windows of the entire
building.
Fig 3.4 Interior hurricane shutter
3.2.2. Roofing System
Hip Roofing
One of the benefits of hip roofing is its cost. Hip roofing

is less expensive compared to the other types of roof.
Aside from being less expensive, hip roof is said to be
more reliable when it comes to strong winds, and allows
water to run off easily with its four-way slope.
Parapet
Parapet wall is said to prevent the flames go upward. It
can also be designed with various shapes according to
the form of the plan. In addition, parapet walls hide the
roof top and other mechanical equipment, depending to
this proposal’s needs.
Fig 3.5 Parapet Roofing
45
3.2.3. Structural System
Hybrid Structure
Fig 3.6 Steel Framing System
The research aims to provide wide spaces that consider the circulation of the users, wheelchairs, deliveries,
and maintenance services. In terms of assembling, steel frame is favorable compared to timber because it
is also termite proof. Furthermore, steel frames reduces the fire risk and in case of a fire, the material
allows enough time for space users to evacuate.
According to Ron Klemencic, who served as the chairman of the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban
Habitat for five years, the steel structure is earthquake proof. This strategy shall be applied in this proposal
since the site is approximately 7.1 kilometers away from the fault line. Concrete is known for being flexible
for it is easily molded into various shapes and forms.
46
Shallow Foundation
Fig 3.7 Shallow foundation
Shallow is preferable foundation in a low-rise building that shall be placed in a weak soil. Based on the site
assessment on Chapter 3, Pasig City is prone to natural disasters, and liquefaction. A shallow foundation is
typically 3 meters or depth of foundation is less than the footing width. This is also cheaper and easier to
construct.
Wide Strip Foundation
One of the benefits of wide strip foundation is it can withstand

great loads. It is also advisable if the soil is soft as it can be used
to spread the load over a larger area to reduce the loading per
square meter through reinforcement with steel. The process of
installation of this strip footing begins with pouring the lean
concrete, which acts as the base or surface of the foundation to
avoid the direct contact of the foundation itself to the soil.
After pouring this base, formwork shall be built. Distribution bars

and main bars shall be subsequently installed. Column starter
bars would be the next step. Install the upper main bars and
upper distribution bars, then fill it with
the concrete.
Fig 3.8 Wide strip foundation
47
Two Way Slab
Two-way slab is an economical

strategy that can lessen the expenses
in building the structure itself. The
loads are carried with both direction
and said to be a structural element
that can withstand the computed
maximum load without being
deformed.
Fig 3.9 Two-way slab
Long Span Beam
Fig 3.10 Long span beam
Known for having column-free spaces, long span beams are flexible and cost-efficient materials that are
said to be a solution to reduce the steel erection. This strategy shall be applied to the proposed Hele
orphanage to provide wide spaces that users can use in activities that require huge movement, deliveries,
and in case of emergencies.
48
3.2.4. Utility System
Inverter Split Type Air-conditioner
Inverter air-conditioners are more economical than the usual air-conditioner (Aldawsari, 2020). It adjusts to
the computed volume of the specified area. Air-conditioners shall be installed in the salient offices and
spaces of this proposed Children’s orphanage: Nursery, office of the administrators, visitors’ lounge, and
sleeping area of the staff.
Inverter Generator Set
Generator set shall be present to support the facility. Inverter generator is said to be energy-efficient; it
adjusts to the power needed of an appliance, and it is lightweight.
Stainless Steel Water Tank
Stainless steel water tanks as said to be less dangerous, with good resistance in terms of water
contaminants. Sewage Treatment Plant
Fig 3.11 Sewage treatment process
Sewage treatment process removes the contaminants from wastewater and household sewage water. The
concept of this is like a septic tank, but it has minimal or less odour emission.
49
3.2.5. Other Technical Issues
Fire Alarms and other Emergency equipment
Fire alarms shall be installed to increase the security, and to have enough traveling time to evacuate the
building in case of emergencies. Fire alarms can be triggered manually, and through heat and smoke
detectors (Kubba, 2016). Sound alarms are also present for the earthquake since the city is near at the
West Valley fault line.
Fire Extinguisher
Complying to the Fire Code of the Philippines, the facility shall have a fire extinguisher according to the
possible classes of hazard: Class A fires made out of paper, cloth, and plastics, and Class C due to faulty
wiring and other electrical problems..
CCTV Camera
The building’s target users are children, and based on the staff-client ratio given by the DSWD, in every 25
to 30 healthy children, there should be 1 staff. Dome type CCTV Cameras can lessen the hassle of
guarding the children, and it also increases the security asset of the facility.
3.2.6. Specialized Allied Services
3.2.6.1. Architectural Interiors
The target users are children that are 17-year-old and below. The color scheme that shall be used in this
facility is pastel color, alongside the shades of white and light brown. Minimalist style shall be applied, and
there shall be a dominance of vertical and horizontal lines in terms of planning up to the interiors, featuring
the concept of biophilic design.
3.2.6.2. Acoustic Design
The focus of this acoustic design of the proposed Children’s orphanage is to reduce the excessive noise
from the roads, and control the noise especially on the indoor play area. Materials that can lessen and
absorb the noise shall be used; the main innovation of this study will revolve on the acoustic needs.
3.2.6.3. Lighting
Natural lighting shall be dominant in this proposal to lessen the energy consumption and expenses. In terms
of sets of equipment, motion sensor lighting shall be used especially on the stairways, hallways, powder
room and toilet & bath, even the outdoor areas for security and safety purposes.
3.2.6.4. Site Development Planning
Computed allowable floor areas and open spaces shall adhere to the standards. The focal point of this site
development planning is the outdoor play area and the gymnasium that will accommodate massive
numbers of users, and serves as the face of the facility
50
3.2.6.5. Building System Design
Appropriate professionals shall approve the initial concepts and proposal of the building systems stated in
earlier part of the chapter in this study.
3.3. Case Study
3.3.1. Local Orphanages
3.3.1.1. Tahanan ng Pagmamahal Children’s Home

Fig 3.12 Tahanan ng Pagmamahal Children’s Home
Tahanan ng Pagmamahal Children’s Home, Inc. is registered, licensed and accredited by the DSWD on the
11th day of July, year 2006. In the year 2006, December, Mr. Reylindo and Mrs. Myrna Ortega founded this
Tahanan ng Pagmamahal Children’s Home.
It is located at 45 Dr. Pilapil Street, Barangay Sagad, Pasig City with a board of trustees: Executive Director,
Program Manager, 2 Social Workers, Nurse, Houseparent supervisor, 6 houseparents and 8 caregivers.
Vision
“A sanctuary of God’s love and care for the abandoned, neglected, foundling and surrendered
children.” Mission
● “To serve God and bring Christ to the lives of abandoned, neglected, surrendered and founding
children by providing love, care, and basic needs.”
● “To pursue active advocacy on the rights of the children.”
51
● “To sustain partnership with churches, government agencies and NGO’s through collaboration and
networking.”
Goals
“To provide a safe and secured family environment to the children to help them attain holistic life by
providing shelter, spiritual formation, pyscho-social and socio-cultural services.”
3.3.1.2. Saint Rita Orphanage & College

Fig 3.13 Saint Rita Orphanage & College
Saint Rita Orphanage, formerly known as HOME OF CHILDREN, is managed by a group of highly
competent Augustinian Recollect Sisters. It was founded in 1964 by late mother Carmen Alba. This group
also established a college institution named St. Rita College. St. Rita College supported the orphanage
until 2010 when the college institution got closed due to financial problems.
It is located in Sucat, Parañaque City. This facility has a total of 25 abandoned children: 15 from it are
infants and the rest are toddlers.
Mission and Vision
One mind, One heart, in God makes real quality Catholic Christian Education
52
3.3.2. Foreign Orphanages
3.3.2.1. SOS Children's Villages International

Fig 3.14 SOS Children's Villages International
Hermann Gmeiner founded the SOS Children’s Villages International in 1949. SOS Children's Villages
International was established in 135 countries. Their objective is to promote the children’s rights and secure
children’s access to education, training, and health. It is also about strengthening families to ensure the
proper development of their children, even if they may be separated from both parents.
Mission and Vision
“We are convinced that a child has every chance of being able to build or rebuild himself if he feels loved
and if he can love in return.”
53
3.3.2.1. New Jerusalem Children’s Home
Fig 3.15 New Jerusalem Children’s Home
New Jerusalem Children’s Home is Christ Consciousness Faith-based, and a non-profit organization that
accommodates a total number of 87 children with an age range from 0 to 18 years of age. This organization
aims to be one of the best children’s homes in Africa that offers quality care to orphaned, abandoned,
neglected, abused, traumatized, vulnerable and HIV positive children.
This facility was built as environmentally friendly houses for the reason that children can grow up in a small
group of families, 12 to be specific. Their first eco-friendly house was established on the 24th day of
February, 2012.
Their main structure was made of shipping containers.
Mission and Vision
Our mission at New Jerusalem Children’s Home is to provide residential care facilities to address:
Residential care facilities. Emotional, spiritual, physical and intellectual needs of children within the context
of a family. Educational care based on innovative teaching and learning principles. Comprehensive and
holistic health care service to our children. Green clean energy initiatives and to save the earth for
tomorrow.
To be the best children’s home in the provision of professional, holistic, and integrated quality care to
vulnerable children in Afric
54
Chapter 4:
Architectural
Programming
55
Chapter 4: Architectural Programming
4.1. Architectural Design Development
4.1.1 Site Planning and Programming
The following are the applications of the equations stated above based on the National Building Code of the
Philippines, and Sets of Data and Guidelines from DSWD:
Development Controls
Table 4.1 Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area

Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area (Table VII.1)
For a 2-storey building, the height shall be 10.8 meters.
12.8 meters (60% of 14,244.58) = TGFA
109,398.37 m2 = TGF
56
4.1.2. Building Space Program
Below is DSWD’s minimum space requirements in the implementation of residential care services, physical
structures and safety, and additional spaces. The measures also took the pandemic and the needs of the
users, staff, and visitors into consideration.
1. Public Areas
1.1. Sanitation area
1.2. Visitors’ Lounge
1.3. Waiting area
1.4. Reception Desk area
1.5. Powder room
2. Semi Private Areas
2.1. Admission Office
2.2. Conference room
2.3. Powder room
2.4. Living room
3. Private Areas
3.1. Infant bedroom with individual crib
3.2. Toddler bedroom with individual bed
3.3. Indoor play area
3.4. Living room
3.5. Dining room
3.6. Bathroom
3.7. Powder room
3.8. Study area
3.8.1. Mini library
3.8.2. Arts and Craft room
3.8.3. Computer laboratories
3.9. Clinic / Consultation room
3.9.1. Sleeping area
3.9.2. Waiting area
3.10. Counseling room
3.11. Administrators’ Office
3.11.1. Living room
3.11.2. Powder room
3.11.3. Balcony
3.12. Multifunctional hall
3.12.1. Powder room
3.12.2. Storage
4. Service Areas
4.1. Delivery / Receiving area
4.1.1. Dry and Cold storage
4.2. Kitchen
4.3. Walk-in pantry
4.4. Laundry-Drying-Ironing area
4.4.1. Utility room
57
4.4.2. Waiting area
4.5. Electrical & Mechanical room
4.6. Security room
4.7. Staff Quarters
4.7.1. Sleeping area
4.7.2. Powder room
5. Open spaces
5.1. Outdoor play area & Garden
5.2. Gymnasium
5.3. Parking
5.4. Waste Disposal Area
4.1.2.1 Demand Analysis
Table 4.2 Number of children in need of special protection served by DSWD from 2010 to 2018
58
Fig 4.1 Graph interpretation for Table 4.2
Based on the sets of data from DSWD, there is an increase rate in 2013 up to 2014, and 2015 up to 2016.
The following is the average movement of the percentage between a specific year.
Let every positive variable of Average Percentage be the “Decrease rate”, and the negative variable be
“Increase rate”.
2010 to 2011 2011 to 2012
[ (722 children of 2010) - (587 children of 2011)] [ (587 children of 2011 - (530 children of 2012)]
(722 - 587) = 135 (587 - 530) = 57
135 = x% (722) 57 = x% (587)
135 / 722 = x% 57 / 587 = x%
x1 = 0.19 or 19% x2 = 0.1 or 10%
For the first two years, there is a decrease rate of 19%, and 10% for the following years.
Table 4.3 Computation for the average decrease rate of abandonment from 2010 to 2012
59
Based on the table above, the average decrease rate of abandonment from the year 2010 up to year 2012
is 15%, derived from the sum of x 1 and x2 all over 2. To graph the computed data, the average must be
deducted to a constant number which is 100, as 100 is the whole percentage of a base number, or the rate
of the previous year.
Let Z be the x1, and Y be the x2.
[ (Z + Y) / 2] = A
100 - A
Translation:
[ (x1 + x2 ) / 2 ] = A
[ (19 + 10) / 2 ] = A
[ (29) / 2 ] = A
15% = A1
100% - 15% = 85%

2013 to 2014 2014 to 2015
[ (362 children of 2012) - (439 children of 2013) [ (439 children of 2014) - (367 children of 2015) ]
(362 - 439) = -77 (439 - 367) = 72
-77 = f% (362) 72 = f% (439)
-77 / 362 = f% 72 / 439 = f%
f1 = -0.21 or -21% f2 = 0.16 or 16%
In 2013, the rate increased with 21%, while in the following year there was a 16% decrease rate.
Table 4.4 Computation for the average decrease rate of abandonment from 2013 to 2015
[(Z + Y) / 2] = A
Translation:
[ (f1 + f2 ) / 2 ] = A
60
[ (21 + 16) / 2 ] = A
(37) / 2 = A
19% = A2
100% - 19% = 81%

2016 to 2017 2017 to 2018
[ (408 children of 2016) - (272 children of 2017) [ (272 children of 2017) - (194 children of 2018) ]
(408 - 272) = 136 (272 - 194) = 78
136 = r% (408) 78 = r% (272)

136 / 408 = r% 78 / 272 = f%
r1 = 0.33 or 33% r2 = 0.28 or 28%
Table 4.5 Computation for the average decrease rate of abandonment from 2016 to 2018.
[(Z + Y) / 2] = A
Translation:
[ (r1 + r2 ) / 2 ] = A
[ (33 + 28) / 2 ] = A
(5) / 2 = A
3% = A3
100% - 3% = 97%
61
Fig 4.2 UNICEF’s Situation Analysis of Children in the Philippines
Based on the graph on the first part of this demand analysis, and Fig 4.2 released by UNICEF, in the year
2013, the rate of abandonment increased. Same goes to 2016, both abandonment and neglect increased.
UNICEF also stated that children faced numerous issues between 2013 and 2015. Poverty, health
problems, and natural and man-made disasters. Aside from that, Typhoon Ferdie devastated the
Philippines in 2016.
In 2013, the Philippines faced a lot of monstrous natural disasters. A total of 25 tropical cyclones entered
the country, surpassing the 19 to 20 average cyclones yearly, according to the Philippine Atmospheric,
Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA).
Typhoon Yolanda also hit the Philippines in the said year. In addition, Flores and Ong (2013) wrote that
Typhoon Labuyo battered the Northern side of Luzon as Typhoon Santi hit the Northern and Central parts of
Luzon.
Tropical storm Vinta and Typhoon Maring would flood Metro Manila and other nearby provinces on the
same year that an earthquake with magnitude 7.2 killed at least 200 people in the provinces of Bohol and
Cebu.
The target year of Hele’s construction is 2024, a year following the predicted year of the Philippines’
president regarding return of normal life due to Covid-19 (Balancio, 2021).
Having the pattern of the decrease and increase rate of child abandonment and neglect, the prediction of
rates for the next years would revolve on major issues that happened in the year 2019 up to 2020 such as
natural disasters and pandemics.
62
In 2019, there were 17 typhoons and five super typhoons recorded. According to PAGASA, one of the
super typhoons that hit Metro Manila was super typhoon Nari. The following year, in 2020, the Taal volcano
erupted and affected many parts of the NCR. Aside from that, there were 10 typhoons and two super
typhoons.
That being said, there is a high chance of an increase rate of child abandonment and neglect due to poverty
and natural disaster. Comparing the rate of 2013 to 2014, and 2015 to 2016; the higher rate will be the
constant variable in predicting the possible increase rate for the future years.
Given that there is a 21% increase in year 2013 to 2014; the 2015 to 2016 would be computed as this: 367
minus 408 = -41
-41 = x% (367)
-41 / 367 = 0.11 or 11%
| -21 > -11 |
The increase rate in 2013 is 21% knowing that the said year faced a total of 25 tropical cyclones, and an
earthquake with 7.5 magnitude. The concept of ratio and proportion shall be used to predict the increase
rate of the following years. 100 - [ 21% : 25 tropical cyclones + 1 earthquake = x% : number of natural
disasters ]
Translation:
For 2019 to 2020
100 - [ 21% / (25 + 1) = x% / (17 + 5) ]
100 - [ 21% / (26) = x% / (22) ]

100 - [ 22 (0.81) ] = x%
100 - [ 18 ] = x%
82 = x%
For 2021 to 2022
100 - [ 21% / (25 + 1) = x% / (1 + 10 + 2) ]
100 - [ 21% / (26) = x% / (13) ]
100 - [ 13 (0.81) ] = x%
100 - [ 11 ] = x%
89 = x%
63
Therefore, the base number is 362 from 2013.
362 (rate of 2019 to 2020)
362 (.82) = 297
297 + 362 = 659 Children in year 2019 to 2020
362 (rate of 2021 to 2022)
362 (.89) = 322
322 + 362 = 684 Children in year 2021 to 2022
In every two years, there is a decrease and an increase of abandonment according to the data from DSWD,
including the prediction in the year 2019 up to 2021. The missing average year is 2023 to 2024. Using the
concept of ratio and proportion, the decrease rate in the year 2023 to 2024 will be based on the closest data
given by the DSWD, which is the 2017 to 2018.
Formula:
100 - [ Decrease rate of 2017 to 2018 / previous rate : Decrease rate of 2023 to 2024 / previous (predicted)
year ]
Translation:
100 - [ (28 / 33) : (x% / 89) ]

100 - [ 89 (28 / 33) = x% ]
100 - 76 = x%
24 = x%
24% of 272 = 65
65 + 272 = 337 Children in year 2023 to 2024, National Capital Region
64
Fig 4.3 Projected decrease rate in National Capital Region
In conclusion, the decrease rate in National Capital Region will be predicted as 24% from the predicted
increased rate in the year 2021 to 2022. In this case, abandonment occurs during, and after typhoon for the
reason of being lost, death of parent or guardian, and destroyed houses.
65
Fig 4.4 Proposal’s zoning for users and staff
Tahanan ng Pagmamahal in Pasig City is a 436.63

square meters orphanage with 36 children. The
average area per user in this existing orphanage is
12.13, derived from 436.63 divided by 36 children.
The minimum area per children is said to be 9
square meters according to ECEC or Early
Childhood Education and Care.
Spaces allocated for Children (53.8%)
●Infant Bedroom
●Toddler Bedroom
●Living Room
●Cafeteria
●Bathroom
●Powder room
●Study Area
For the staffs (30.8%)
●Clinic
●Counseling room
●Conference room
●Admins’ Office
For both (15.4%)
● Multifunctional hall
7,122.29 = AMBF
7,122.29 - (15% for future expansion) = 7,122.29 - 1,068.3435 = 6,053.95
6,053.95 (Percentage of Private Areas) = 6,053.95 (35.9) = 2,173.37
2,173.37 square meters (Percentage of spaces for children)

= 2,173.37 (53.8) = 1,169.27
1,169.27 / 436.63 = 2.6
2.6 (36 children) = 94 children shall be catered
66
Organizational Chart
Fig 4.5 Organizational Chart
67
User Analysis
1. Children. As the main target users, children are the primary responsible to the cleanliness of the
facility. They are divided into two groups based on their class schedule. Children with morning class
shall be assigned in the afternoon task such as gathering the used utensils and plates of the
children who are enrolled to the afternoon class, sweeping, and other cleaning tasks. For the
children who are enrolled with afternoon class, they are the responsible for the cleaning tasks
during morning. Both groups shall have a specified schedule in using the activity areas: this is to be
organized, and make the children be productive.
2. Staff. Their role in this facility is to guide and assist the children to their respective assigned tasks.
Children and staff shall have a collaboration in terms of maintaining the facility. Specialist, including
nurse shall be the responsible for the health and welfare of the children.
3. Administrators. Administrators are the responsible for budgeting, rules, guidelines, and other
projects that shall be entertained. They assess the upcoming child, and parents who are willing to
adopt a child rom this proposed children’s orphanage.
4. Visitors. Visitors are classified with two types: Group and Individual. Outreach programs are usually
hosted by a team, or a group of people that has similarities or relation. Visitors under the
classification of “Individual” are the parent/s who are willing to adopt a child.
Considering the possible face to face class in the target year of construction, children shall be divided
according to their class schedule. With that, this shall be activities of the children:
BATCH 1 (MORNING CLASS)
USER NUMBER DAILY ACTIVITY

OF USER
MORNING AFTERNOON EVENING
CHILDREN 30 Shower Lunch Dinner
School Preparation Household Chores Shower
Breakfast Leisure time Homework
Classes
BATCH 2 (AFTERNOON CLASS)
USER NUMBER DAILY ACTIVITY

OF USER
MORNING AFTERNOON EVENING
CHILDREN 30 Shower Lunch Dinner
Breakfast Classes Leisure

time
Household Chores
School Preparation Homework Shower
Table 4.6 Schedule of Users
68
4.1.2.2 Matrix Diagram
Public Areas Semi Private Areas

Private
Areas
Fig 4.6 Matrix Diagram A
69
Service Other / Open spaces
Fig
4.7 Matrix Diagram B
70
4.1.2.3. Bubble and Schematic Diagram
GROUND FLOOR
SECOND FLOOR
Fig 4.8 Bubble

Diagram A
71
GROUND FLOOR Fig
4.9 Bubble Diagram B

SECOND FLOOR
72
4.1.2.4. Space Programming
SPACE USER'S DATA (UD) FURNITURE/FIXTURE/ APPROX. ESTIMATED RECOMMEN RECOMMENDED
EQUIPMENT DATA (FFE) AREA AREA (EA) DED AREA DIMENSION
(AA)
USER QTY. AREA/USER TOTAL ITEM QTY. DIMENSI TOTAL UD+FFE AA + (30%
ON OR AA)
AREA IN
SQM.
PUBLIC AREAS
Sanitation Area Staff 2 5.02 10.04 Desk 2 1.08 2.16 19.44 25.272 26 5x6
Visitors 10 0.65 6.5 Monobl 2 0.22 0.44

ock
Chair
Shoe 1 0.3 0.3

shelves
Visitors' Staff 2 5.02 10.04 Desk 2 1.08 2.16 46.56 60.528 62 8 x 7.75
Lounge
Office chair 2 0.47 0.94
Bag 1 0.3 0.3

shelves
Visitors 30 0.65 19.5 Sofa set 6 2.17 13.02
Coffee 1 0.6 0.6

table
Powder Room Visitors 4 1.67 6.68 Water 5 0.28 1.4 15.24 19.812 25 6x5
1 (Women's) Closet
Lavatory 3 0.02 0.06
PWD 1 2 2 Cabinet 1 0.3 0.3
Counter 1 4.8 4.8
Powder Visitors 4 1.67 6.68 Water 5 0.28 1.4 15.24 19.812 25 6x5
Room 2 Closet
(Men's)
PWD 1 2 2 Cabinet 1 0.3 0.3
Counter 1 4.8 4.8
SEMI PRIVATE AREAS
Admission Staff 4 5.02 20.08 Desk 5 1.08 5.4 33.44 43.472 45 7x8
Office
Visitors 3 1.4 4.2 Office chair 8 0.47 3.76
Activity Area Visitors 30 1.4 42 Monobl 1 0.22 0.22 42.82 55.666 20 5x5
ock
chair
Children 60 1.4 Coffee 1 0.6 0.6

table
Waiting Area Visitors 25 1.4 35 Sofa set 4 2 8 43.6 56.68 60 7 x 8.5
Cofee 1 0.6 0.6

table
Powder Room Staff 1 1.67 1.67 Water 2 0.28 0.56 2.25 2.925 5 2x3
4 Closet
Conference Staff 10 1.4 14 Podium 1 0.27 0.27 52.71 68.523 70 8x9

Room 1
(For the staff) Office chair 12 0.47 5.64
Admins 2 1.4 2.8 Long desk 2 9 18
Stage 1 12 12
PRIVATE AREAS
Staff 2 5.02 10.04 Crib 17 0.91 15.47 29.76 38.688 40 8x5
73
Infant Bedroom 1 (Boys)
Side cabinet 17 0.25 4.25
Infant Staff 2 5.02 10.04 Crib 17 0.91 15.47 29.76 38.688 40 8x5
Bedroom 2
(Girls) Side 17 0.25 4.25
cabinet
Toddler Children 10 7.4 74 Bed 10 1.65 16.5 93.9 122.07 130 10 x 13

Bedroom 1 Side 10 0.25 2.5
(Boys) cabinet
Shelves 3 0.3 0.9

Bedroom 2
(Boys) Side 10 0.25 2.5
cabinet
Shelves 3 0.3 0.9

Bedroom 3
(Boys) Side 10 0.25 2.5
cabinet
Shelves 3 0.3 0.9

Bedroom 4
(Girls) Side 10 0.25 2.5
cabinet
Shelves 3 0.3 0.9

Bedroom 5
(Girls) Side 10 0.25 2.5
cabinet
Shelves 3 0.3 0.9

Bedroom 6
(Girls) Side 10 0.25 2.5
cabinet
Shelves 3 0.3 0.9
Indoor Play Children 40 8.9 356 Shelves 14 0.3 4.2 549.46 714.298 720 30 x 24
Area
Tables & 6 1.2 7.2
Chair
Ball pit 1 40 40
Playgro 1 68 68
und
obstacle
s
&
Visitors 10 1.4 14 trampoline
Staff 3 5.02 15.06 Ball pit 5 9 45
Living Area Children 60 1.4 84 Monoblock 60 0.22 13.2 139.53 181.389 185 15 x 12
chair
Staff 8 5.02 40.16 Sofa set 2 1.085 2.17
Dining Room Children 60 1.4 84 Picnic 18 3.75 67.5 162.7 211.51 212 15 x 14
Table for 6
Staff 8 1.4 11.2
Bathroom 1 Children 6 1.4 8.4 Shower 10 1.8 18 28 36.4 40 5x8

(Girls) stall
Counter 1 0.4 0.4

Cabinet 6 0.18 1.08
Bathroom 2 Children 6 1.4 8.4 Shower 10 1.8 18 28 36.4 40 5x8

(Boys) stall
Counter 1 0.4 0.4
74
Cabinet6 0.18 1.08
Mini Library Children 60 3.25 195 Shelves 24 0.72 17.28 250.49 325.637 330 20 x 17
with
Conference hall Table for 4 8 1.2 9.6
Chair 60 0.2 12
Staff 3 5.02 15.06 Desk 1 1.08 1.08
Interactive, Children 28 3.25 91 Shelves 6 0.72 4.32 129.67 168.571 170 15 x 12

and
Arts&Crafts Table for 4 8 1.2 9.6
Space
Chair 32 0.2 6.4
Visitors / 12 1.4 16.8 Desk 1 1.08 1.08

Staff
Computer Children 28 3.25 91 Long desk 7 4 28 131.57 171.041 175 15 x12

Laboratory
Chair 30 0.2 6
Staff 1 5.02 5.02 Desk 1 1.08 1.08
Clinic / Staff 2 5.02 10.04 Desk 2 1.08 2.16 21.835 28.3855 30 6x5
Consultation
Room Office chair 2 0.47 0.94
Sofa set 1 1.085 1.085
Children 3 1.4 4.2 Shelf 2 0.3 0.6
Monoblock 3 0.22 0.66

chair
Folding 5 0.18 0.9

Hospital
bed
Side 5 0.25 1.25

Cabinet
Powder Children 7 1.4 9.8 Water 4 0.28 1.12 11.28 14.664 16 4x4
Room for Closet
Children
Cabinet 1 0.3 0.3
Counseling Staff 2 5.02 10.04 Desk 2 1.08 2.16 19.165 24.9145 25 5x5
Room
Sofa set 1 1.085 1.085
Children 3 1.4 4.2 Shelf 1 0.3 0.3
Monoblock 2 0.22 0.44

chair
Administrat CEO 1 5.02 5.02 Sofa set 1 1.085 1.085 20.945 27.2285 30 5x6
ors' Office
Coffee 1 0.6 0.6
Table
Desk 2 1.08 2.16
Chairperson 1 5.02 5.02 Office chair 2 0.47 0.94
Project 1 5.02 5.02 Shelf 2 0.3 0.6

Coordinator
Cabinet 2 0.25 0.5
Powder Room Admin 1 1.4 1.4 Water 1 0.28 0.28 2 2.6 6 2x3
for the Closet
Admins and
Staff Lavatory 1 0.02 0.02
Cabinet 1 0.3 0.3
Interactive Children 60 1.4 84 Monoblock 60 0.22 13.2 145.87 189.631 190 13 x 15

Space chair
75
Visitors 20 1.4 28 Stage 1 12 12
Staff 6 1.4 8.4 Podium 1 0.27 0.27
SERVICE AREAS
Dry & Cold Staff 4 4.65 18.6 Shelves 3 0.6 1.8 20.4 26.52 30 5x6
Strorage
Kitchen Staff 6 4.65 27.9 Counter 1 6 6 44.18 57.434 60 7x9
Kitchen 2 0.42 0.84

Sink
Range 2 0.49 0.98
Ref 3 0.42 1.26
Shelves 6 0.6 3.6
Table 3 1.2 3.6
Walk-in Pantry Staff 2 1.4 2.8 Shelves 6 0.6 3.6 6.4 8.32 12 4x3
Laundry- Staff 4 5.02 20.08 Washing 5 0.42 2.1 34.24 44.512 45 9x5
Drying- Machine
Ironing Area
Shelves 5 0.3 1.5
Counter 5 0.6 3
Sink 3 0.42 1.26

Ironing 5 0.9 4.5
board
Indoor 3 0.6 1.8

bench
Electrical Staff 2 5.02 10.04 Generator 1 29.62 29.62 42.67 55.471 60 8 x 7.5
Room & set
Mechanical
Room Water 1 3.01 3.01
tank
with
pump
Security Room Staff 2 5.02 10.04 Desk 3 1.08 3.24 14.99 19.487 20 4x5
Shelf 1 0.3 0.3
Staff Quarters Staff 32 5.02 160.64 Table for 6 6 1.2 7.2 217.77 283.101 285 15 x 19
Cofee 3 0.49 1.47

table
Sofa set 8 1.4 11.2
Locker 35 0.9 31.5
Single Bed 4 1.44 5.76
for Staff Closet
(Women's)
Cabinet 1 0.3 0.3
Counter 1 4.8 4.8
for Staff Closet
(Men's)
Cabinet 1 0.3 0.3
Counter 1 4.8 4.8
OTHER SPACECS
FIre Exits 1 - - - - - - - - - - -
FIre Exits 2 - - - - - - - - - - -
FIre Exits 3 - - - - - - - - - - -
FIre Exits 4 - - - - - - - - - - -
76
FIre Exits 5 - - - - - - - - - - -
FIre Exits 6 - - - - - - - - - - -
Outdoor Play Children 30 7.4 222 Bench 15 0.3 4.5 226.5 294.45 300 15 x 20
Area
Slide and 5 13.53 67.65
Swing
Garden Children 20 1.4 28 Bench 5 0.3 1.5 67.56 87.828 90 9 x10
Plant box 10 0.3 3
Staff 3 5.02 15.06 Fish pond 1 20 20
Gymnasium Staff 15 5.02 75.3 Stage 1 50 50 604.07 785.291 786 40 x 20
Children 60 1.4 84 Podium 1 0.27 0.27
Visitors 30 0.65 19.5 Basketball 1 375 375

court
TOTAL AREA 5095
Table 4.7 Space Programming
4.1.2.5. Stairs, Exits, and Occupant Loads
The building is segregated by two functions: the public building or the Admission building, and the
Children’s residence.
ADMISSION BUILDING – TOTAL OCCUPANT LOAD
Visitors’ Lounge 29.54
Information desk 10.04
Powder rooms 19.03
Conference room 16.08
Admission office 101.28
Clinic 37.26
Staff quarters 160.64
Multifunctional Room 113.54
Security 10.04
Electrical and Mechanical room 10.04
Library with Multifunctional room 210.06
Arts and Crafts area 107.8
77
Computer Laboratory 96.02
Consultation and Counselling room 14.24

Administrators’ office 15.06
TOTAL 950.67
Table 4.8 Total occupant load for building 1 (Admission building)

CHIDLREN’S RESIDENCE - TOTAL OCCUPANT LOAD
Infant Bedrooms 20.08
Toddler Bedrooms 444
Restrooms 36.4
Indoor play area 385.06
Living room 124.16
Dining area 95.2
Kitchen 27.9
Laundry area 20.08
Delivery, and Cold & Dry storage 18.6

TOTAL OCCUPANT LOAD FOR 1171.48
SEC
OND
FLO
OR
Table 4.9 Total occupant load for building 2 (Children’s Residence)
4.1.3. Design Constraints
Economical Constraints
Economical constraints usually revolve on the budget. An orphanage offers service without expecting a
return of investment, especially in this study: the client is a government agency.
Environmental Constraints
The site is located in a liquefaction prone area. Due to the status of the soil, and the needed storey of the
facility, the type of foundation that is better to use in a weak soil is not feasible for a low-rise building.
Shallow foundation shall be used.
78
Social and Cultural Constraints
This paper shall not have a specified aesthetic feature to match the various attitude, personality, age, and
gender of the users (children, staff, and visitors)
Ethical Constraints
Based on the constraints regarding social and cultural, this proposed orphanage shall not have specific
qualifications in terms of culture, personality, and faith. The project shall be designed and programmed
according to the general needs of a child, and the workers.
Health and Safety Constraints
The facility shall be designed for the general use, and not for the specified, or special disability, but shall
have a solution to provide comfort to the PWDs.
Viability and Sustainability Constraints
Rates and costs of the materials, and availability of skilled workers are unstable and inconsistent. Changes
in terms of costing and finishes will be affected. With that, the materials to be used shall be checked if
available in the location/ city.
79
4.1.4. Initial Design Translation
4.1.4.1 Theory
Interlocking spatial relationships shall be used in designing this proposed children’s orphanage. The theory
results from two or more overlapping fields, which in turn, can be utilized as shades or extra space for
aesthetic purposes (Moore, Allen, & Lyndon, 2000). Volumes are combined to form relevant designs.
In this case, the idea of interlocking forms will support the minimalist style of Hele; thus adding more details
to make style more playful and creative by using sets of shapes that will not disregard the concept of
minimalism itself.
4.1.4.2. Philosophy and Concept
“Less is more.” – Architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Fig 4.10 Lego Bricks

The concept of this proposal will be a Lego Brick. Each Lego brick has distinctive characteristics, but with
one use: to build something. A Lego brick can be also considered as the users of this proposal. Having a
variety of attitudes and routines, they are all placed in a space considering that they are different from each
other, but still manage to unite and form relevant ideas. Lego bricks can also emphasize the interlocking
theory in architecture through overhangs and the combination of two or more bricks to form another space
as it offers limitless possibilities in construction (Tucker, 2019).
4.1.4.3. Consideration
1. Audibility. The designer will install ceiling baffles with plants that shall filter the noise and the air
inside the space. Baffles shall be eco-friendly and aesthetically pleasing to the eyes, not just for the
children but also to the visitors, and social workers.
80

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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

An Architectural Capstone Design Project

examination by the ARCH Capstone Advisory Committee.

AR. MA. LOUDETTE BAE

AR. ERIN SUMBILLA AR. MARVIN RIMANDO

AR. JASLINE REYES

AR. FRANCES JOY S. FRANCISCO

AR. LAWRENCE B. DOLORES II

DR. JESUSA N. PADILLA

“HELE: A STUDY ON RESILIENT AND CHILD-FRIENDLY ORPHANAGE

WITHIN A CHANGING WEATHER HIGHLIGHTING BIOPHILIC DESIGN IN

By WINQUEL QUINAY BASALLOTE

Issued on January 8, 2022

punctuation. Signed by:

CHAPTER 1: Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 22

Chapter 2: Site Justification • Low chance of traffic congestion.

site. AESTHETIC, LEGAL, AND ECONOMIC FACTORS

THE SITE IS SURROUNDED, OR 5 5 4

THE CITY IS SAFE AND ORGANIZED 5 5 5

1 – HIGHLY UNFAVORABLE 2 – UNFAVORABLE 3 –

SITE OFFERS A LOT OF SHADES 3 5 4

• Quezon City • Pasay City

• Caloocan City • Pasig CIty

• Malabon City • San Juan City

• Las Piñas CIty • Taguig City

• Marikina CIty • Valenzuela City

• Muntinlupa City Las Piñas City

2.3. Initial Schematic Design

1.1. The Project

1.2. Statement of the Problem

1.3. Project Objectives

1.4 The Client

1.4.3 Issues and Aspirations

1.5. Project Scope and Limitation

The limitations of this proposal are:

1.6. Design Process

2.1. Site Selection Criteria

● Atmospheric factors. (20%)

2.1.1. Site Selection and Description

● Natural disasters such as flooding or overflowing of rivers (if applicable).

● Mode of transportation for visitors, utility needs, and emergencies.

● Must have buildable slopes.

2.1.2. Site Evaluation

SITE 1 (Pacific Ave.) SITE 2 (Corporate Ave.) SITE 3 (C-5.)

1 - HIGHLY UNFAVORABLE 2 - UNFAVORABLE 3 - NEUTRAL

4 - FAVORABLE 5 - HIGHLY FAVORABLE

NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, & PHYSICAL STATUS

THE SITE IS SAFE FROM NATURAL

ACCESSIBILITY AND COMFORT

MODE OF TRANSPORTATION FROM

THE SITE IS BOUNDED BY A 4 4 5

LOW CHANCE OF TRAFFIC 5 3 4

SITE OFFERS A LOT OF SHADES 3 4 4

THE SITE IS NEAR THE TERMINAL/S 5 3 5

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SITE’S SOIL

THE SITE IS SAFE FROM

SOIL CAN SUSTAIN THE BUILDING 3 3 5

NEEDS OF THE CHILDREN FOR THEIR DAILY ACTIVITIES

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY