Whatman Filtration Catalog PDF

Filter Papers and Membranes:
Take a Whatman filter paper, run

a water sample through it and test
for suspended solids. A simple
but essential test undertaken
throughout the world.
Filter Papers and Membranes •
Cellulose Filters 4
Glass Microfiber Filters 22
Membrane Filters 65
Filter Papers and Membranes

Filter Papers
Whatman filter papers are world-renowned as the standard for laboratory filtration and are associated
with quality, reliability and customer service. The familiar Whatman Blue Box is the laboratory benchmark
for filtration. Papermaking skills have been developed to the highest level, with the expertise and
technology to manufacture innovative multilayer materials.
Whatman offers an extensive line of filter papers. The unique features of these filters make them the optimum choice for
many filtering techniques. Whatman maintains a guaranteed quality, reproducibility and uniformity for all its filters by using
only the highest quality raw materials. The filters are tested for basis weight, thickness, air flow and mechanical strength.
In addition, special parameters such as pore size, wicking rate, filtration performance and surface characteristics can be
measured as needed.
Cellulose Filters
Whatman cellulose filters are manufactured from
high-quality cotton linters which have been treated
to achieve a minimum alpha cellulose content of
98%. These cellulose filter papers are used for
general filtration and exhibit particle retention levels
down to 2.5 µm. Whatman offers a wide choice
of retention/flow rate combinations to match
numerous laboratory applications.
The different groups of filter paper types offer increasing

degrees of purity, hardness and chemical resistance.
Typical Properties - Cellulose Filters

Grade Particle Air Flow Rate Ash (%) Typical Basis Weight Wet Burst Dry Burst Tensile
Retention* (s/100 mL/in2) Thickness (g/m2) (psi) (psi) M/D Dry
Liquid (µm) (µm) (N/15 mm)
Qualitative
1 11 10.5 0.06 180 88 0.3 16 39.1
2 8 21 0.06 190 103 0.7 16 44.6
3 6 26 0.06 390 187 0.5 28 72
4 20-25 3.7 0.06 205 96 0.7 10 28.4
5 2.5 94 0.06 200 98 0.4 21 55.6
6 3 35 0.2 180 105 0.3 15 39.1 contd >
4 Cellulose Filters
Grade Particle Air Flow Rate Ash (%) Typical Basis Weight Wet Burst Dry Burst Tensile
Retention* (s/100 mL/in2) Thickness (g/m2) (psi) (psi) M/D Dry
Liquid (µm) (µm) (N/15 mm)
General Purpose and Wet Strengthened Qualitative
91 10 6.2 N/A 205 71 2 18 28
93 10 7 N/A 145 67 2.6 12 38
113 30 1.3 N/A 420 131 8 24 38.6
114 23 5.3 N/A 190 77 8.9 15 42.1
Ashless Quantitative

40 8 19.3 0.007 210 92 0.5 16 46.7
41 20-25 3.4 0.007 215 84 0.3 10 27.2
42 2.5 107 0.007 200 100 0.7 25 55.8
43 16 8.9 0.007 220 96 0.6 12 38.2
44 3 57 0.007 176 77 0.4 44 39.4
Hardened Low Ash Quantitative
50 2.7 96 0.015 115 97 9.1 33 84
52 7 11.4 0.015 175 101 8.3 24 71.5
54 20-25 4.2 0.015 185 92 9.4 18 57.6
Hardened Ashless Quantitative
540 8 13.2 0.006 160 88 9 20 63
541 20-25 3.8 0.006 155 82 5.3 14 43.4
542 2.7 69 0.006 150 93 9.2 28 82.6
Ash is determined by ignition of the cellulose filter at 900˚ C in air

*Particle Retention Rating at 98% efficiency
Trace Elements - Typical Values

Grade 1 42 542 Grade 1 42 542
Aluminum <0.5 2 1 Iron 5 6 3
Antimony <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Lead 0.3 0.2 0.1
Arsenic <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Magnesium 7 1.8 0.7
Barium <1 <1 <1 Manganese 0.06 0.05 <0.05
Boron 1 1 2 Mercury <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
Bromine 1 1 1 Nitrogen 23 12 260
Calcium 185 13 8 Potassium 3 1.5 0.6
Chlorine 130 80 55 Silicon 20 <2 <2
Chromium 0.3 0.3 0.7 Sodium 160 33 8
Copper 1.2 0.3 0.2 Sulfur 15 <5 <2
Fluorine 0.1 0.2 0.3 Zinc 2.4 0.6 0.3
Cellulose Filters 5
Qualitative Filter Papers

These cellulose filters are used in qualitative
analytical techniques to determine and identify
materials. Prepleated qualitative filters are
also available, which give improved flow rate
and increased loading capacity compared
to equivalent flat filters.
In addition, Whatman offers a range of wet strengthened

qualitative filters which contain a small quantity of a
chemically stable resin to give improved high wet strength.
This does not introduce any significant impurities into
the filtrate. The resin, however, does contain nitrogen so
these grades should not be used in Kjedldahl estimations,
etc. All wet strengthened grades are available in prepleated
forms. Whatman provides a wide range of qualitative
filters to meet your specific needs.
Qualitative Filter Papers - Standard Grades
Grade 1: 11 µm
The most widely used filter paper for routine applications with medium retention and flow rate. Extended range of sizes
includes 10 mm to 500 mm diameter circles and 460 mm x 570 mm sheets. This filter is also available in the Whatman
FilterCup. This is a convenient, disposable 70 mm filter funnel with a 250 mL capacity molded from polypropylene
with an integral, heat bonded filter.
This grade covers a wide range of laboratory applications and is frequently used for clarifying liquids. Traditionally the grade
is used in qualitative analytical separations for precipitates such as lead sulfate, calcium oxalate (hot) and calcium carbonate.
In agriculture, it is used for soil analysis and seed testing procedures. In the food industry, Grade 1 is used for numerous
routine techniques to separate solid foodstuffs from associated liquid or extracting liquid and is widely used in education
for teaching simple qualitative analytical separations.
In air pollution monitoring, using circles or rolls, atmospheric dust is collected from airflow and the stain-intensity measured
photometrically. For gas detection, the paper is impregnated with a chromogenic reagent and color formation quantified by
optical reflectance.
Grade 2: 8 µm
Slightly more retentive than Grade 1 with a corresponding increase in filtration time (i.e., slightly slower filtration speed).
More absorbent than Grade 1. Also available in folded (prepleated) form as Grade 2V. In addition to general filtration in the
8 µm particle size range, the extra absorbency is utilized, for example, to hold soil nutrient in plant growth trials. Also used
for monitoring specific contaminants in the atmosphere and in soil testing.
6 Cellulose Filters
Grade 3: 6 µm
Double the thickness of Grade 1 with still finer particle retention and excellent loading capacity; more precipitate can be
held without clogging. The extra thickness gives increased wet strength and makes this grade highly suitable for use in
Büchner funnels. The high absorbency is particularly valuable when the paper is used as a sample carrier. This filter is also
available in the Whatman FilterCup. This is a convenient, disposable 70 mm filter funnel with a 250 mL capacity molded
from polypropylene with an integral, heat bonded filter.
Grade 4: 20-25 µm
Extremely fast filtering with excellent retention of coarse particles and gelatinous precipitates such as ferric hydroxide and
aluminum hydroxide. Very useful as a rapid filter for routine clean up of biological fluids or organic extracts during analysis.

Used when high flow rates in air pollution monitoring are required and the collection of fine particles is not critical.
Grade 5: 2.5 µm
The maximum degree of fine particle filtration in the qualitative range. Capable of retaining the fine precipitates encountered
in chemical analysis. Slow flow rate. Excellent clarifying filter for cloudy suspensions and for water and soil analysis.
Grade 6: 3 µm
Twice as fast as Grade 5 with similar fine particle retention. Often specified for boiler water analysis applications.
Grade 591: 7-12 µm

A thick filter paper with very high loading capacity for fast filtration of medium to coarse precipitates. Offers high
absorbency and increased wet strength. Also available prepleated as 591 1⁄2.
Grade 520 a: 15-18 µm

A thin paper with great wet strength and a very high flow rate. Frequently used in technical applications such as the
filtration of viscous liquids and emulsions (e.g. sweetened juices, spirits and syrups, resin solutions, oils or plant
extracts). Available prepleated as 520 a 1⁄2.
Grade 595: 4-7 µm

Very popular, thin filter paper, medium-fast with medium to fine particle retention. Used for many analytical routine
applications in different industries, e.g. particle separation from food extracts for sample preparation or filtration of solid
environmental samples digested, e.g. for ICP/AAS analysis. Also available prepleated as 595 1/2.
Grade 597: 4-7 µm

A medium fast filter paper with medium to fine particle retention. Used for a wide variety of analytical routine applications
in different industries like food testing (e.g. determination of fat content acc. to Section 35 LMBG*) or removal of carbon
dioxide and turbidity from beverages (e.g. beer analysis acc. to EBC or MEBAK). Available prepleated as 597 1⁄2.
Grade 598: 8-10 µm

A thick filter paper with high loading capacity. Combines medium retention with medium-fast to quick filtration speed.
Also available prepleated as 598 1⁄2.
* German law for food and consumer products
Cellulose Filters 7
Grade 0048
Fiber mats made of cellulose/synthetics used in milk analysis and for testing baby food (artificial milk) for textile fibers.
Grade 602 h: 2 µm
A dense filter paper for collecting very small particles and removing fine precipitates. Used in sample preparation,
e.g. in the beverage industry for residual sugar determination, acidic spectra, refractometric analysis and HPLC.
Available prepleated as 602 h 1⁄2.
Typical Properties - Qualitative Filter Papers

Grade Properties Classification Thickness Filtration time to Weight Retention-
to DIN 53 135 (mm) Herzberg DIN 53 137 (g/m2) Range*
(s) (s) (µm)
520 a Very Fast, Great Wet - 0.32 35 - 90 15-18
Strength, Thin
591 Medium Fast, Thick - 0.36 90 - 165 7-12
595 Medium Fast, Thin 1b 0.16 160 12-40 68 4-7
597 Medium Fast - 0.19 140 11-35 85 4-7
597 L Medium Fast, Low-fat 0.18 170 17-38 82 4-7
598 Medium Fast, Thick - 0.32 100 - 140 8-10
602 h Slow, Dense 1d 0.15 1500 100-200 85 <2
* Approximate values
Ordering Information - Qualitative Standard Filter Circles

Catalog Number
Diameter (mm) Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Quantity/Pack
10 1001-6508 - - - - - 500
23 - - 1003-323 - - - 100
25 1001-325 - - 1004-325 1005-325 - 100
30 1001-329 - - - - - 100
32 1001-032 - - - - - 100
42.5 1001-042 1002-042 1003-042 1004-042 1005-042 1006-042 100
47 1001-047 - - 1004-047 1005-047 - 100
55 1001-055 1002-055 1003-055 1004-055 1005-055 - 100
70 1001-070 1002-070 1003-070 1004-070 1005-070 1006-070 100
85 1001-085 - - - - - 100
90 1001-090 1002-090 1003-090 1004-090 1005-090 1006-090 100 contd>
8 Cellulose Filters
Catalog Number
110 1001-110 1002-110 1003-110 1004-110 1005-110 1006-110 100 contd>
125 1001-125 1002-125 1003-125 1004-125 1005-125 1006-125 100
150 1001-150 1002-150 1003-150 1004-150 1005-150 1006-150 100
185 1001-185 1002-185 1003-185 1004-185 1005-185 1006-185 100
240 1001-240 1002-240 1003-240 1004-240 1005-240 1006-240 100
270 1001-270 1002-270 - 1004-270 - - 100
320 1001-320 1002-320 1003-320 1004-320 1005-320 - 100

385 1001-385 1002-385 - - - - 100
400 1001-400 - - 1004-400 - - 100
500 1001-500 1002-500 1003-500 - - - 100
FilterCup 70* 1600-001 - 1600-003 - - - 25
* FilterCup Stem with Stopper - one time purchase - Catalog Number 1600-900
Ordering Information - Qualitative Standard Filter Paper Circles

Catalog Number
Diameter (mm) Grade 595 Grade 597 Grade 598 Grade 602 h Grade 0048 Quantity/Pack
12.7 - 10 311 862 - - 1000
42.5 - 10 312 040 - - 100
45 - 10 311 804 - - 100
55 - 10 311 807 - - 100
70 - 10 311 808 - - 100
90 - 10 311 809 10 312 209 10 312 609 100
110 10 311 610 10 311 810 - - 100
125 10 311 611 10 311 811 - 10 312 611 100
150 10 311 612 10 311 812 - 10 312 612 100
185 - 10 311 814 - 10 312 614 100
240 - 10 311 820 - 10 312 620 100
320 - 10 311 822 - - 100
32 - - - 10 348 903 1000
150 - - 10 314 812 100
240 - 10 341 420** - 100
** Grade 3612 - Black
Cellulose Filters 9
Ordering Information - Qualitative Filter Paper Sheets

Catalog Number
Dimensions (mm) Grade 595 Grade 520 a Grade 520 bII Grade 2411 Grade 591 Quantity/Pack
580 x 580 - 10 331 487 10 331 687 10 343 287 10 311 387 250
580 x 580 10 311 687 - - - 500
Dimensions (mm) Grade 2589 a Grade 2589 c Grade 2589 d Grade 0860 Quantity/Pack
580 x 580 10 343 687 - - 10 334 597 100
25 x 75 - 10 343 876 10 343 976 - 100
Dimensions (mm) Grade 0903 Grade 0905 Grade 0858 Grade 1574 Grade 1575 Quantity/Pack
1100 x 1100 - - - - 10 314 991 100
580 x 580 10 334 887 10 334 987 10 334 387 - - 500
580 x 580 - - 10 334 397 - - 100
400 x 400 - - - 10 314 889 10 314 984 500
450 x 450 10 334 885 10 334 985 10 334 385 - - 500
390 x 390 - - 10 334 383 - - 500
300 x 309 - - - - 10 314 983 500
110 x 580 - - 10 334 365 - - 500
Ordering Information - Qualitative Standard Filter Paper Sheets

Dimensions (mm) Catalog Number Quantity/Pack
Grade 1
460 x 570 1001-917 100
460 x 570 1001-918 500
580 x 680 1001-931 100
Grade 2
460 x 570 1002-917 100
580 x 680 1002-931 100
Grade 3
460 x 570 1003-917 100
Grade 4
460 x 570 1004-917 100
Grade 591
580 x 580 10 311 387 250
Grade 597
580 x 580 10 311 897 100
580 x 580 10 311 8 7 500
Grade 598
580 x 580 10 312 287 250
10 Cellulose Filters
Qualitative Filter Papers - Wet Strengthened Grades
These extremely strong filter papers have a high wet strength

due to the addition of a small quantity of chemically stable
resin. Normal qualitative applications will not introduce any
significant impurities into the filtrate. The resins do, however,
contain nitrogen so these grades should not be used in
Kjeldahl estimations, etc. Some wet-strengthened grades
are available in folded (prepleated) forms.

Grade 91: 10 µm
A general-purpose creped filter for less critical routine
analysis. Widely used to assay sucrose in cane sugar and
within pharmaceutical laboratories for routine filtration.
Grade 113: 30 µm
Ultra high loading capacity with a particle retention making it ideal for use with coarse or gelatinous precipitates. Fastest
flow rate of the qualitative grades. Creped surface. Thickest filter paper in the Whatman range. This filter is also available
in the Whatman FilterCup. This is a convenient, disposable 70 mm filter funnel with a 250 mL capacity, molded from
polypropylene with an integral, heat bonded filter.
Grade 114: 25 µm
Only half the thickness of Grade 113 and suitable for coarse or gelatinous precipitates. Smooth surface for easy recovery
of precipitates.
Grade 520 bII: 15-19 µm

A thick paper with high wet strength offering a very high flow rate. Also available prepleated as 520 bII 1⁄2.
Grade 2294: 8-15 µm

A very thick filter card with high wet strength. Offers very high flow rate and retains medium to coarse particles.
Grade 2589 a: 6-12 µm

A fast to medium fast filter with high wet strength offering medium retention.
Grade 2589 c: 4-8 µm

Thick filter with medium to slow filtration speed, high wet strength and good retention for smaller particles.
Grade 2589 d: 2-6 µm

A very thick filter with high wet strength. Offers medium to slow flow rate and retains very fine precipitates.
Grade 2411: 9-11 µm

A fast filter paper with high wet strength and medium retention. Frequently used as a protective paper in filter presses.
Cellulose Filters 11
Qualitative Filter Papers - Student Grade/Grade 93
Designed for educational use, this filter paper is intermediate in speed and retention between Grades 1 and 4. Student
grade retains those flocculent and medium precipitates most often encountered in student experiments.
Available in a dispenser pack, it can be attached to the wall or bench, placed on a shelf either upright or flat, and used
as a normal carton or as a convenient dispenser. The envelopes are released individually for easy one-at-a-time removal.
Package and envelopes are clearly marked for size and content.
Ordering Information - Qualitative Wet Strengthened Filter Circles

Catalog Number
Diameter (mm) Grade 91 Grade 93/ Grade 113 Grade 114 Quantity/Pack
Student
90 - - 1113-090 1114-090 100
110 1091-110* 1093-111** 1113-110 - 100
125 1091-125* 1093-126** 1113-125 1114-125 100
150 1091-150*** - 1113-150 1114-150 100
185 1091-185*** - 1113-185 1114-185 100
190 1091-190 - - - 100
240 1091-240*** - 1113-240 1114-240 100
270 - - - 1114-270 100
320 - - 1113-320 - 100
400 - - - 1114-400 100
500 - - 1113-500 - 100
FilterCup 70**** - - 1600-113 - 25
Diameter (mm) Grade 520 a Grade 2294 Grade 2589 a Grade 1573 Grade 1575 Quantity/Pack
110 - 10 342 810 - - - 100
125 - - - 10 314 711 10 314 911 100
140 - - 10 343 630 - - 500
150 - - - 10 314 712 10 314 912 100
180 / 33 ZL1 - 10 342 860 - - - 100
185 - - - 10 314 714 10 314 914 100
200 - - - - 10 314 916 100
210 / 60 ZL1 - 10 342 862 - - - 100
240 - - - 10 314 720 - 100
270 10 331 421 - - - - 100
290 - - - 10 314 726 - 100
510 - - - - 10 314 940 100
1
Round filter with central hole
* Packed in 4000 subdivided into 100
** Packed in 50 envelopes of 25 circles each
*** Packed in 1000 subdivided into 100
**** FilterCup Stem with Stopper - one time purchase - Catalog Number 1600-900
Filter Papers for General Laboratory Analyses
Grade 0858: 7–12 µm

Grained, with medium fast flow rate and medium retention. A universal filter paper, e.g. used for the filtration of extracts,
oils, beer, syrups etc., also applied in filter presses or for the aspiration of liquids. Available prepleated as 0858 1⁄2.

Grade 0860: 12 µm
Comparable to 0858 but with a smooth surface, slightly thinner and faster. Also available prepleated as 0860 1⁄2.
Grade 0903: 4-7 µm

Thin filter paper with smooth surface. Offers medium to slow flow rate and good retention for small particles.
Grade 0905: 12-25 µm

A creped paper for coarse particles, offers a very high filtration speed.
Typical Properties - Qualitative Wet Strengthened Filter Papers

Grade Properties Thickness Filtration Time to Weight Retention-
(mm) Herzberg (s) (g/m2) Range** (µm)
2294 Fast, Wet Strength, Thick 1.5 55 550 8-15
2589 a Medium Fast, Wet Strength 0.45 120 200 6-12
0858 Medium Fast, Wet Strength 0.21 110 75 7-12
0860 Medium Fast, Wet Strength 0.18 120 75 7-12
0903 Medium to Slow, Wet Strength 0.15 350 65 4-7
0905 Very Fast 0.24 40 65 12-25
Shark Skin Medium to Slow, Wet Strength, Thin 0.17 155 44 8-12
** Approximate values
Ordering Information - Shark Skin Filter Circles

Diameter (mm) Catalog Number Quantity/Pack
110 10 347 510 100
150 10 347 513 100
290 10 347 577 100
320 10 347 530 100
812.8 10 347 576 100
Ordering Information - Shark Skin Filter Sheets

Dimensions (inches) Catalog Number Quantity/Pack
8 x 10 10 538 877 100
26 x 53 10 347 588 500
32 x 64 10 347 585 500
37 x 37 10 538 873 500
21 x 750 feet 10 537 138 1
Qualitative Filter Papers - Folded (Prepleated Grades)
Time-saving Whatman qualitative grades are offered in this convenient form, which have major advantages over
flat circles:
• Savings in time required to quadrant-fold circles to fit

conical filter funnels in repetitive or multiple analyses
• Decreased overall filtration time because of the extra
surface area exposed; the normal slow down of filtration
speed due to the loading of particulate is postponed
• Increased total loading capacity because more filter
area is available
• Maintained flow rate because of the reduction
in filter paper contact with funnel side and, of course,
the self-supporting shape of the filter itself
• The prepleating does not significantly affect any of the
technical data and the same figures may be used for
the flat circles
Grade 2V: 8 µm
Widely used for general purpose filtration. Has excellent particle retention and a good filtration speed and loading capacity.
Grade 113V: 30 µm
Very thick and strong filter with creped surface for extremely high loading capacity, particularly in folded form. Fastest flow
rate of any qualitative grade. Ideal for coarse particles and gelatinous precipitates.
Grade 114V: 25 µm
Strong filter with very fast flow rate. Ideal for coarse particles and gelatinous precipitates. Smooth surface.
Ordering Information - Qualitative Filter Papers - Folded (Prepleated Grades)
Catalog Number
Diameter (mm) Grade 2V Grade 113V Grade 114V Quantity/Pack
125 1202-125 1213-125 1214-125 100
150 1202-150 1213-150 1214-150 100
185 1202-185 1213-185 1214-185 100
240 1202-240 1213-240 1214-240 100
270 1202-270 1213-270 - 100
320 1202-320 1213-320 1214-320 100

385 1202-385 - - 100
400 1202-400 - - 100
500 1202-500 1213-500 - 100
Diameter (mm) Grade 520 a 1/2 Grade 595 1/2 Grade 597 1/2 Grade 602 h 1/2 Grade 2555 1/2 Quantity/Pack
70 - - 10 311 841 - - 100
90 - - 10 311 842 10 312 642 - 100
110 - 10 311 643 10 311 843 - - 100
125 - 10 311 644 10 311 844 10 312 644 - 100
150 - 10 311 645 10 311 845 10 312 645 - 100
185 - 10 311 647 10 311 847 10 312 647 10 313 947 100
240 10 331 451 10 311 651 10 311 851 10 312 651 10 313 951 100
270 - 10 311 652 10 311 852 - - 100
320 - 10 311 653 10 311 853 - 10 313 953 100
385 - - 10 311 854 - - 100
500 10 331 456 - 10 311 856 - - 100
700 10 331 459 - - - - 100
Diameter (mm) Grade 591 1/2 Grade 520 b II 1/2 Grade 598 1/2 Grade 287 1/2 Quantity/Pack
125 - - 10 312 244 10 310 244 50
150 - - - 10 310 245 50
185 10 311 347 - 10 312 247 10 310 247 50
240 10 311 351 - 10 312 251 10 310 251 50
320 - 10 331 653 - 10 310 253 50
500 - - 10 312 256 - 50
Quantitative Filter Papers

Whatman quantitative filters are designed for gravimetric analysis and the preparation of samples for
instrumental analysis. They are available in three formats designed to meet your specific needs.
• Ashless: 0.007% ash maximum - very pure filters ideal

for a wide range of critical analytical filtration procedures
• Hardened low ash: 0.015% ash maximum - treated with
a strong acid to remove trace metals and produce high
wet strength and chemical resistance. These filters are
particularly suitable for Büchner filtration where the
tough smooth surface of the filter makes it easy
to recover precipitates.
• Hardened ashless: 0.006% ash maximum - acid
hardened to give high wet strength and chemical
resistance with extreme low ash content. The tough
surface makes these filters suitable for a wide range
of critical filtration procedures.
Quantitative Filter Papers - Ashless Grades (Ash 0.007%)
Grade 40: 8 µm
The classic general purpose ashless filter paper with medium speed and retention. Typical applications include gravimetric
analysis for numerous components in cements, clays, iron and steel products; as a primary filter for separating solid matter
from aqueous extracts in general soil analysis, quantitative determination of sediments in milk and as a pure analytical grade
clean-up filter for solutions prior to AA spectro-photometry. Used also as a high purity filter in the collection of trace elements
and radionuclides from the atmosphere.
Grade 41: 20-25 µm

The fastest ashless filter paper, recommended for analytical procedures involving coarse particles or gelatinous precipitates
(e.g., iron or aluminum hydroxides). Also used in quantitative air pollution analysis as a paper tape for impregnation when
determining gaseous compounds at high flow rates. This filter is also available in the Whatman Disposable Filter Funnel.
This is a convenient, disposable 47 mm filter funnel with a 250 mL capacity. The 47 mm Grade 41 filter can be easily
removed for further analysis or culturing.
Grade 42: 2.5 µm

A world standard for critical gravimetric analysis with the finest particle retention of all Whatman cellulose filter papers.
Typical analytical precipitates include barium sulfate, metastannic acid and finely precipitated calcium carbonate.
Grade 43: 16 µm
Intermediate in retention between Grade 40 and 41, and twice as fast as Grade 40. Typical applications include foodstuffs
analysis; soil analysis; particle collection in air pollution monitoring for subsequent analysis by XRF techniques; and
inorganic analysis in the construction, mining and steel industries.
Grade 44: 3 µm
Thin version of Grade 42 retaining very fine particles but with lower ash weight per sample and almost twice the flow
rate of Grade 42.
Grade 589/1: 12-25 µm

‘Black Ribbon Filter’ - the established standard in quantitative analysis for the filtration of coarse precipitates (class 2a acc.
to DIN 53 135). Ashless filter paper with very high flow rate. Used for many quantitative standard methods, especially for
gravimetric applications (e.g. determination of the ash content in foodstuffs to Section 35 LMBG*), or for the Blaine test in
the cement industry.

Grade 589/2: 4-12 µm
‘White Ribbon Filter’ - ashless standard filter paper for medium fine precipitates (class 2b acc. to DIN 53 135) offering
medium filtration speed. Applied in a variety of routine methods in quantitative analysis, e.g. determination of the sand
content in foodstuffs to Section 35 LMBG*, determination of the grade of flour or analysis of aqueous suspensions in the
paper industry.
Grade 589/3: 2 µm
‘Blue Ribbon Filter’ - ashless standard filter paper for very fine precipitates (class 2d acc. to DIN 53 135). Slow filter
paper with highest efficiency for collecting very small particles. Also used for many analytical routine methods in different
industries, e.g. determination of the amount of insoluble contaminants in animal and vegetable fats and oils acc. to
Section 35 LBMG*.
Quantitative Filter Papers - Hardened Low Ash Grades (Ash 0.015%)
The maximum ash content of these grades is intermediate between ashless and qualitative grades. They are
particularly suitable for Büchner filtrations where it is desirable to recover the precipitate from the filter surface after
filtration. Other characteristics include high wet strength and chemical resistance which are similar to the acid hardened
ashless filter papers.
Grade 50: 2.7 µm

Retention of finest crystalline precipitates. The thinnest
of all Whatman filter papers. Slow flow rate. Hardened and
highly glazed surface. This finish also keeps the paper free
from loose surface fibers. Highly suitable for qualitative
or quantitative filtrations requiring vacuum assistance on
Büchner or 3-piece filter funnels. Very strong when wet.
Will withstand wet handling and precipitate removal by
scraping. In the electronics industry, the virtual absence
of fiber shedding is utilized in carriers for integrated circuits.
Grade 52: 7 µm
The general purpose hardened filter paper with medium
retention and flow rate. Very hard surface.
* German law for food and consumer products
Grade 54: 20-25 µm

Very fast filtration for use with coarse and gelatinous precipitates. High wet strength makes this grade very suitable
for vacuum assisted fast filtration of ‘difficult’ coarse or gelatinous precipitates.
Quantitative Filter Papers - Hardened Ashless Grades (Ash 0.006%)
These are the supreme quantitative filter papers featuring high wet strength and chemical resistance. These papers are
acid hardened, which reduces ash to an extremely low level. Their tough surfaces make them suitable for a wide range of
critical analytical filtration operations. Each grade offers a convenient combination of filtration speed and particle retention.
Grade 540: 8 µm
The general purpose hardened ashless filter paper with medium retention and flow rate. Extremely pure and strong with
a hard surface. High chemical resistance to strong acid and alkali. Frequently used in the gravimetric analysis of metals
in acid/alkali solutions and in collecting hydroxides after precipitation by strong alkalis.
Grade 541: 20-25 µm

Fast filtration of coarse particles and gelatinous precipitates in acid/alkali solutions during gravimetric analysis.
Typical applications include fiber in animal foodstuffs, gelatine in milk and cream, chloride in cement, and chloride and
phosphorous in coal and coke.
Grade 542: 2.7 µm

High retention of fine particles under demanding conditions. Slow flow rate. Very hard and strong with excellent chemical
resistance. Often used in gravimetric metal determinations.
Typical Properties - Quantitative Filter Papers

Grade Properties Classification Thickness Filtration Time to Weight Retention
to DIN 53 135 (mm) Herzberg DIN 53 137 (g/m) Range*
(s) (s) (µm)
589/1 Fast 2a 0.19 50 6-12 80 > 12-25
589/2 Medium Fast 2b 0.19 140 11-35 85 4-12
589/3 Slow 2d 0.15 1500 100-200 85 <2
* Approximate values
Ordering Information - Quantitative Ashless Filter Circles

Catalog Number
Diameter (mm) Grade 40 Grade 41 Grade 42 Grade 43 Grade 44 Quantity/Pack
Filter Circles
30 1440-329 - - - - 100 contd >
Catalog Number
Diameter (mm) Grade 40 Grade 41 Grade 42 Grade 43 Grade 44 Quantity/Pack
42.5 1440-042 1441-042 1442-042 - - 100
47 1440-047 1441-047 1442-047 - - 100
55 1440-055 1441-055 1442-055 - - 100
70 1440-070 1441-070 1442-070 - 1444-070 100
90 1440-090 1441-090 1442-090 1443-090 1444-090 100
110 1440-110 1441-110 1442-110 1443-110 1444-110 100
125 1440-125 1441-125 1442-125 1443-125 1444-125 100

150 1440-150 1441-150 1442-150 1443-150 1444-150 100
185 1440-185 1441-185 1442-185 1443-185 1444-185 100
240 1440-240 1441-240 1442-240 - - 100
320 - 1441-320 1442-320 - - 100
Disposable Filter Funnel
1920-1441 5
Filter Sheets
8"x 10" - 1441-866 - - - 100
460 mm x 570 mm - 1441-917 - - - 100
Ordering Information - Quantitative Ashless Filter Circles

Catalog Number
Diameter (mm) Grade 589/1 Grade 589/2 Grade 589/3 Quantity/Pack
12.7 - 10 300 102 - 1000
40.5 - 10 300 103 - 100
50 - 10 300 106 - 100
55 - 10 300 107 - 100
70 - 10 300 108 - 100
90 10 300 009 10 300 109 - 100
110 10 300 010 10 300 110 10 300 210 100
125 10 300 011 10 300 111 10 300 211 100
150 10 300 012 10 300 112 10 300 212 100
185 10 300 014 10 300 114 10 300 214 100
240 - 10 300 120 - 100
Ordering Information - Quantitative Ashless Filter Paper Folded (Prepleated) Grade

Catalog Number
Diameter (mm) Grade 589/2 1/2 Quantity/Pack
110 10 300 143 100
150 10 300 145 100
Ordering Information - Quantitative Hardened Low Ash and Hardened Ashless

Quantitative Hardened Low Ash Filter Circles Quantitative Hardened Ashless Filter Circles
Catalog Number Catalog Number
21 - - - 1540-321 - - 100
24 - - - 1540-324 - - 100
42.5 1450-042 - - 1540-042 1541-042 - 100
47 - - - - 1541-047 - 100
55 1450-055 - 1454-055 1540-055 1541-055 1542-055 100
70 1450-070 1452-070 1454-070 1540-070 1541-070 1542-070 100
90 1450-090 1452-090 1454-090 1540-090 1541-090 1542-090 100
110 1450-110 1452-110 1454-110 1540-110 1541-110 1542-110 100
125 1450-125 1452-125 1454-125 1540-125 1541-125 1542-125 100
150 1450-150 1452-150 1454-150 1540-150 1541-150 1542-150 100
185 1450-185 - 1454-185 1540-185 1541-185 1542-185 100
240 1450-240 1452-240 1454-240 1540-240 1541-240 1542-240 100
320 1450-320 - 1454-320 - 1541-320 - 100
400 - - - - 1541-400 - 100
500 - - 1454-500 - - - 100
Surface Wipes
Smear Tab 1450-993 - - - - - 100
Filter Sheets
460 mm x 570 mm - - 1454-917 - 1541-917 100
Application Specific Filters

Whatman offers a line of cellulose filter papers for specific applications. The product line includes filter
papers for the soil analysis and sugar industries.
Soil Analysis Filter Paper

Grade 0790 Acid-washed paper with ash content of approximately 0.01%, low-magnesium, for the determination of trace
elements (Mg, Mn, Co, Cu, Mo, B).
Grade 512 Low-phosphate papers approximately 1.5 ppm phosphate, for the filtration of calcium lactate extracts from soil
samples for the determination of K and P according to Egnér, Riehm and Lederle.
Sugar Industry Filter Paper
Creped or smooth filter papers have a good retentivity at a relatively high filtration speed. They are used for the clarifying
filtration of:
• Dried beet pulp extracts

• Beet juice after the addition of lead acetate for subsequent polarimetric sugar determination
• Grade 3459 is specifically designed for the Venema unit (lead acetate method)
Grade 551
Black colored paper with a medium to slow flow rate. Provides contrast for the detection of very fine traces

of white precipitates.
Grade 287
Kieselguhr paper with a medium to slow flow rate. Additional adsorption effect, e.g. for the separation of very fine
semi-colloidal turbidity, for clarifying milk serum, starch solutions, soil suspensions or sugar-containing solutions prior
to polarimetry or refractometry. Available prepleated as 287 1⁄2.
Grade 2555
A medium fast filter paper. Used for the filtration of the mash for the determination of the extract in malt and wort acc.
to the EBC and for removing carbon dioxide from beer. Available prepleated as 2555 1⁄2.
Typical Properties - Application Specific Filters

Grade Properties Thickness (mm) Filtration Time to: Weight (g/m2)
Herzberg (s)
Soil Analysis Filter Papers
0790 Low Mg and P 0.17 450 84
512 Low Phosphate 0.16 1500 76
Sugar Industry Filter Papers
3000 Fast, Smooth 0.16 95 68
3002 Medium Fast, Smooth 0.14 150 60
Specially for the Venema Unit
3459 Fast, Creped 0.30 110 75
Ordering Information - Application Specific Filters

Soil Analysis Filter Papers*
Grade 512
110 10 310 643 100
150 10 310 645 100
185 10 310 647 100 contd>

Grade 551
90 10 310 809 100
Grade 790
150 10 301 645 100
185 10 301 647 100
Sugar Industry Filter Papers
Grade 3000
185 10 316 114 1000
200 10 316 116 1000
Grade 3002
200 10 316 316 1000
240 10 316 320 1000
Grade 3459
230 10 316 619 1000
* Prepleated filter paper format
Standard Circle Filter Funnel Volumes

The maximum practical volume of the most popular disc sizes (quadrant folded) are:
Diameter (mm) Volume (mL)
90 15
110 20
125 35
150 75
185 135
240 300
Glass Microfiber Filters

Whatman offers two types of glass microfiber filters manufactured from 100% borosilicate glass:
binder-free glass microfiber that is chemically inert and binder glass microfiber.
These depth filters combine fast flow rates with high loading capacity and the retention of very fine particles, extending
into the sub-microrange. Glass microfiber filters can be used at temperatures up to 500° C and are ideal for use in
applications involving air filtration and for gravimetric analysis of volatile materials where ignition is involved.
22 Glass Microfiber Filters

Whatman glass microfiber filters have a fine capillary
structure and can absorb significantly larger quantities
of water than an equivalent cellulose filter, making them
suitable for spot tests and liquid scintillation counting
methods. The filters can also be made completely
transparent for subsequent microscopic examination.
The particle loading capacity of a filtration system can

be greatly increased by using a prefilter. Whatman glass
microfiber filters such as GF/B or GF/D are ideal because

of the low resistance to fluid flow and high particle loading
capacity. Whatman Multigrade GMF 150 is particularly
valuable for the prefiltration of larger volumes and solutions
that are normally difficult to filter.
Typical Properties - Binder-Free Glass Microfiber Filters

Grade Particle Retention* Air Flow Rate Basis Weight Thickness Wet Burst Tensile MD Dry
Liquid (µm) (s/100 mL/in2) (g/m2) (µm) (psi) (N/15 mm)
GF/A 1.6 4.3 53 260 0.3 5.5
GF/B 1.0 12 143 675 0.5 6.4
GF/C 1.2 6.7 53 260 0.3 6.6
GF/D 2.7 2.2 121 675 0.3 6.4
GF/F 0.7 19 75 420 0.3 8.9
934-AH 1.5 3.7 64 435 0.5 4.1
QM-A 2.2 6.4 87 475 1.5 7.3
GMF 150 1.2 3.1 139 730 1.4 4.2
EPM 2000 2.0 4.7 85 450 1.8 6.3
* 98% Particle Retention Rating
Technical Specifications - Glass Microfiber Filters with Binder

Grade Binder Retention Rate Air Resistance Filtration Time to: Weight Thickness
to BS 4400 at 1 m/s mm Herzberg Gurley (g/m2) (µm)
(%) Water Column (s) (s)
GF 8 Inorganic 99.00 700 80 8 75 350
GF 9 Inorganic 99.97 700 120 20 70 350
GF 3362 Inorganic 99.99 1000 120 25 130 500
GF 6 Inorganic 99.97 1500 200 40 80 350
GF 10 Organic 99.97 650 80 12 70 350
GF 92 Inorganic - - 120 20 70 350

Whatman Acid Treated Low Metal TCLP Filters

Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)
is an analytical test designed to determine the
leaching potential in a landfill for hazardous
organic and inorganic contaminants that could
potentially migrate into groundwater, threatening
drinking water sources.
Used for EPA Method 1311

The Whatman TCLP Filter is a binder-free borosilicate glass
microfiber with a particle retention rating of 0.6 µm to 0.8
µm, as specified by the EPA Method 1311.
These acid treated low metal filters are available in 47 mm, 90 mm, 110 mm, 125 mm, 142 mm and 150 mm diameters.
The 90 mm filter is required for volatile samples and use with a Zero Headspace Extractor. The 142 mm filter is typically
used with non-volatile samples in an approved jar.
Ordering Information - Acid Treated Low Metal TCLP Filters

Catalog Number Size (mm) Quantity/Pack
1810-047 47 100
1810-090 90 50
1810-110 110 50
1810-125 125 50
1810-142 142 50
1810-150 150 50
Air Sampling Filters/Quartz Filters

Air Sampling Filters EPM 2000
EPM 2000 has been developed especially for use in high
volume PM-10 air sampling equipment that collects
atmospheric particulates and aerosols. It is manufactured
from 100% pure borosilicate glass of special purity enabling
detailed chemical analysis of trace pollutants to take place
with the minimum of interference or background.

Whatman EPM 2000 was selected by the EPA to be the standard filter for use in the nationwide network of HiVol air
samplers. Sheets are individually numbered to facilitate identification.
Quartz Filters - QM-A

High-purity quartz (SiO2) microfiber filters are used for air sampling in acidic gases, stacks, flues and aerosols, particularly
at high temperatures up to 500° C and in PM-10 testing. Because of the low level of alkaline earth metals, ‘artifact’
products of sulfates and nitrates (from SO2 and NO2) are virtually eliminated. QM-A, sequentially numbered according
to EPA standards, is suitable for most applications.

Order Information - Air Sampling Filters
Grade - Diameter (mm) EPM 2000
Circles (100/pack)
47 1882-047*
Grade - Size (inches) EPM 2000
Sheets (100/pack)
8" x 10" (pre-numbered) 1882-866
Order Information - Quartz Filters

Grade - Diameter (mm) QM-A
Circles (100/pack)
25 1851-025
37 1851-037
47 1851-047
55 1851-055*
90 1851-090
Grade - Size (inches) QM-A
Sheets (100/pack)
8" x 10" 1851-8866* (pre-numbered)
Sheets (100/pack)
8" x 10" 1851-865
Items marked * available on special order in Europe, South America, Africa and the Middle East

Glass Microfiber GF Series

Binder-free Glass Microfiber Filters
Grade GF/A: 1.6 µm

Offers fine particle retention and high flow rate, as well as
good loading capacity. Used for high-efficiency general
purpose laboratory filtration, including water pollution
monitoring of effluents, for filtration of water, algae and
bacteria cultures, foodstuff analyses, protein filtration and
radioimmunoassay of weak ß emitters. Recommended for
gravimetric determination of airborne particulates, stack
sampling and absorption methods of air pollution monitoring.
This filter is available in the Whatman FilterCup. This is a convenient, disposable 70 mm filter funnel with a 250 mL capacity,
molded from polypropylene with an integral, heat bonded filter. This filter is also available in the Whatman Disposable Filter
Funnel. This is a convenient, disposable 47 mm filter funnel with a 250mL capacity. The 47 mm GF/A filter can be easily
removed for further analysis or culturing.
Grade GF/B: 1.0 µm

Three times thicker than GF/A with higher wet strength and significantly increased loading capacity. Combines fine particle
retention with good flow rate. Particularly useful where liquid clarification or solids quantification is required for heavily
loaded fine particulate suspensions. Can be used as a finely retentive membrane prefilter. Used in LSC techniques where high
loading capacity is required.
Grade GF/C: 1.2 µm

Combines fine particle retention with good flow rate. The standard filter in many parts of the world for the collection
of suspended solids in potable water and natural and industrial wastes.
Fast and efficient clarification of aqueous liquids containing low to medium levels of fine particulates. Widely used for cell
harvesting, liquid scintillation counting and binding assays where more loading capacity is required.
This filter is also available in the Whatman FilterCup. This is a convenient, disposable 70 mm filter funnel with a 250 mL
capacity, molded from polypropylene with an integral, heat bonded filter. This filter is also available in the Whatman
Disposable Filter Funnel. This is a convenient, disposable 47 mm filter funnel with a 250 mL capacity. The 47 mm GF/C
filter can be easily removed for further analysis or culturing.
Grade GF/D: 2.7 µm

Considerably faster in flow rate and overall filtration speed than cellulose filter papers of similar particle retention. The filter
is thick and consequently exhibits a high loading capacity. Designed as a membrane prefilter and available in sizes to fit
most holders. GF/D will provide good protection for finely retentive membranes. Can be used in combination with GF/B
to provide very efficient graded prefilter protection for membranes.

Grade GF/F: 0.7 µm
This high-efficiency filter will retain fine particles down to 0.7 µm. Unlike membrane filters with a comparable retention value,
it has a very rapid flow rate and an extremely high loading capacity.
Because of the tight specification of 0.6 µm-0.8 µm particle retention and pure borosilicate glass structure, GF/F is the material
upon which the EPA Method TCLP 1311 for Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure was developed. It remains today the
filter of choice.
Recommended for DNA binding and purification. Very effective in filtering finely precipitated proteins, GF/F can be used
in conjunction with GF/D as a prefilter for the successful clarification of extremely “difficult” biochemical solutions and fluids,
and nucleic acids.

This filter is also available in the Whatman FilterCup. This is a convenient, disposable 70 mm filter funnel with a 250 mL
capacity, molded from polypropylene with an integral, heat bonded filter.
Glass Microfiber Filters with Binder
Grade GF 6
This filter is used in water pollution applications, for removing protein from difficult-to-filter beers, for determination of
chlorophyll and phytoplankton residues, for the determination of filterable substances and the residue on ignition (dry
weight), for the analysis of aggressive media (e.g. acidic gases), for scintillation measurements and for determination
of the elemental iron content in the presence of iron oxides.
Grade GF 8
This glass fiber filter is used in the filtration of coarse particles, in the determination of PCB, DDE, DDT, furans and dioxins
in the air; pollution measurements in industrial, urban and populated areas, cement factories, iron and steel industry, dust
measurements at the workplace, determination of the dust fraction in technical gases, testing the effectiveness of dust-
collecting and filter plants and the determination of paper bleeding.
Grade GF 9
Used for air monitoring, scintillation measurements, the determination of PCB, DDE, DDT, furans and dioxins in the air;
pollution measurements in industrial, urban and populated areas, cement factories, iron and steel industry, dust
measurements at the workplace, determination of the dust fraction in technical gases, testing the effectiveness of dust-
collecting and filter plants, monitoring nuclear plants.
Grade GF 10
This filter with extreme mechanical stability and temperature resistance up to 180˚ C is used as a weighing aid for infrared
weighing and as a roll filter in automatic air filtration units.
Grade GF 92
This filter is used as a membrane prefilter in applications such as the determination of crop protection agent residues by
GC or HPLC, in cold sludge determination of beer, in soot separation before gas analyzers and as roll filters in automatic
air filtration units.

Grade GF 3362
Has inorganic binder. Thicker and slightly denser than GF 9, for the fast filtration of large amounts of particles.
Glass Microfiber Filters with Inorganic Binder
GF 6 with Inorganic Binder

Good retention for very fine particles. Used for (waste) water analysis, removing protein from difficult-to-filter beers,
retention of (radioactive) aerosols, monitoring nuclear plants and scintillation measurements.
GF 8 and GF 9 with Inorganic Binder

For fast filtration of coarse particles. GF 9 is slightly slower than GF 8 but offers a higher retention rate. Frequently used in
environmental analysis, e.g. for pollution measurements in industrial, urban and surburban areas, cement factories, iron and
steel industry, dust measurements at the workplace, determination of the dust fraction in technical gases or testing the
effectiveness of dust-collecting and filter plants.

Offers high mechanical stability and temperature resistant up to 180˚ C. Applied in soot separation before gas analyzers,
as roll filters in automatic air filtration units or as a weighing aid for infrared weighing.

Membrane prefilter with inorganic binder. Frequently used in sample preparation.
Grade 934-AH: 1.5 µm - Binder-Free

The fine particle retention of this popular grade is superior for its high retention efficiency at high flow rates and its high
loading capacity. This is a smooth surface, high-retention borosilicate glass microfiber filter which withstands temperatures
over 500° C. Specified in Standard Methods 2540D for determining total suspended solids in water, removal of turbidity
and filtration of bacterial cultures. Grade 934-AH is used for a wide range of laboratory applications. It is recommended
for water pollution monitoring, cell harvesting, liquid scintillation counting and air pollution monitoring.
Ordering Information - 934-AH Binder-Free Glass Microfiber Filters

Diameter (mm) Catalog Number Quantity/ Pack
21 1827-021 100
24 1827-024 100
25 1827-025 100
32 1827-032 100
35 1827-035 100
37 1827-037 100
42.5 1827-042 100
47 1827-047 100
55 1827-055 100
70 1827-070 100 contd>

90 1827-090 100
11 1827-110 100
125 1827-125 100
150 1827-150 100
Size (inches) Catalog Number Quantity/Pack
2" x 12" 1827-808 100
8" x 10" 1827-866 100
12" x 15" 1827-889 100

Ordering Information - Binder-Free Glass Microfiber Filters
Catalog Number
Diameter (mm) Grade GF/A Grade GF/B Grade GF/C Grade GF/D Grade GF/F Quantity/Pack
21 1820-021 1821-021 1822-021 1823-021 1825-021 100
24 1820-024 1821-024 1822-024 1823-024 1825-024 100
25 1820-025 1821-025 1822-025 1823-025 1825-025 100
37 1820-037 1821-037 1822-037 - 1825-037 100
42.5 1820-042 1821-042 1822-042 1823-042 1825-042 100
47 1820-047 1821-047 1822-047 1823-047 1825-047 100
55 1820-055 1821-055 1822-055 1823-055 1825-055 100
60 1820-060 - - - - 100
70 1820-070 1821-070 1822-070 1823-070 1825-070 100
90 1820-090 1821-090* 1822-090 1823-090* 1825-090* 100
110 1820-110 1821-110* 1822-110 1823-110* 1825-110* 100
125 1820-125 1821-125* 1822-125 1823-125* 1825-125* 100
150 1820-150 1821-150* 1822-150 1823-150* 1825-150* 100
257 - - - 1823-257 1825-257 25
FilterCup 70** 1600-820 - 1600-822 - 1600-825 25
Disposable Filter 1922-1820 - 1922-1822 - - 50
Funnel 25 mm
Filter Sheets
460 x 570 - 1821-914 1822-914 - - 5
460 x 570 1820-915* 1821-915* 1822-915* 1823-915* - 25
* 25 per box
** FilterCup Stem with Stopper - one time purchase - Catalog Number 1600-900

Ordering Information - Glass Microfiber Filter Circles with Binder

Catalog Number
Diameter (mm) Grade GF 6 Grade GF 8 Grade GF 9 Grade GF 10 Grade GF 92 Quantity/Pack
25 10 370 018 - - - - 200
42 - - - - 10 421 019 200
44 - - - - 10 421 022 200
47 10 370 019 10 370 119 - 10 370 319 10 421 026 200
50 10 370 002 - 10 370 202 10 370 302 10 421 030 200
55 10 370 003 - - - - 100
70 10 370 004 - - - - 100
90 10 370 005 10 370 105 10 370 205 10 370 305 - 100
100 10 370 020 - - 10 370 320 10 421 043 100
110 10 370 006 - 10 370 206 - 10 421 048 100
125 10 370 007 - - - - 100
130 - - - - 10 421 055 100
135 - - - - 10 421 057 100
142 - - - - 10 421 060 100
150 10 370 008 - 10 370 208 10 370 308 - 100
185 10 370 010 - - - - 100
200 10 370 011 - - - - 100
240 10 370 012 - - - - 100
Ordering Information - Glass Microfiber Filter Sheets with Binder

Catalog Number
Dimensions (mm) Grade GF 6 Grade GF 8 Grade GF 3362 Quantity/Pack
60 x 90 - 10 370 172 - 100
610 x 620 10 370 050 - 10 372 150 100
Multigrade GMF150
The Whatman GMF150 is a unique multilayer
glass microfiber filter with a coarse top layer
(10 µm) and meshed with a finer layer of 1 µm
or 2 µm. Manufactured from 100% borosilicate
glass microfiber, the filter is binder free. It is
the ideal prefilter for higher particulate loading
capacity with faster flow rates.

The GMF150 allows for:
• Higher particulate loading capacity
• Faster flow rate
• Extended life of filter
Multiple Porosities, Greater Filtration Efficiency

The GMF150 represents a new dimension in separation science leading to faster and more cost-effective filtration.
In application, the GMF150* traps larger particles in the pores or on the surface of the coarse layer while the medium
sized particles are caught in the interface meshing. The smaller particles are netted in the interstices of the fine layer.

* See page 65 for ordering information
Glass Microfiber Accessories

3-Piece Filter Funnel
The increased use of high-efficiency glass
microfiber filters in modern laboratories has
created a demand for simple and effective
filter-holding systems. Whatman 3-Piece Filter
Funnels have been designed to complement
the range of Whatman fine particle retention,
rapid flow rate glass microfiber filters.
Functional Design
Three-piece construction. The funnel is quickly dismantled
ready for the insertion of a new filter. The glass sealing
flanges of the funnel and reservoir are ground flat to
ensure a good filter seal.
Positive Filter Clamping

All retained solids are deposited within the filter circle. Edge clamping prevents peripheral loss and possible passage
of solution around, rather than through, the filter circle.
Simple to Clean
The parts can be quickly and efficiently cleaned because of the simplicity of design.
A Choice of Three Plates

For quick and easy filtration, Whatman 3-Piece Filter Funnels are available with a choice of three plates. They also come
in several sizes to match your needs.
• Acrylic Plate - Supplied as standard. Suitable for filtration of most aqueous solutions. Maximum working
temperature 65° C.

• Polypropylene Plate - Optional extra. Recommended for most acids (except concentrated nitric acid and fuming
sulfuric acid) at room temperatures. Suitable also for most alcohols, glycols, ethers and ketones. Maximum working
temperature 100° C.
• PTFE Plate - Optional extra. For virtually all common acids, alkalis and solvents at temperatures up to 100° C.
Maximum working temperature 200° C.
Ordering Information - 3-Piece Filter Funnels

Dimensions Catalog Reservoir Effective Filtration Effective Filtration Filter Support Filter Funnel
(cm) Number (mL) Diameter (cm) Area (cm2) Plate Diameter (cm) Height (cm)
2.5 1950-002 16 1.6 2 3 13.6
4.7 1950-004 36 3.2 8 4.7 12.1
7 1950-007 115 5 19.6 7 15.9
7* 1950-017 210 5 19.6 7 20.8
9 1950-009 200 7 38.5 9 17.9
12.5 1950-012 530 9.2 66.5 12.5 22
* Large reservoir
Ordering Information - Filter Funnels contd.

Type Catalog Number
Optional Plates Replacement Parts
Dimensions (cm) PTFE Plate Polypropylene Plate Reservoirs
4.7 1950-114 1950-104 -
7 1950-117 1950-107 1950-207* 1950-217*
9 1950-119 1950-109 1950-209
* Large reservoir

Cellulose Membranes
Whatman offers the following cellulose membranes: (a) Pure cellulose acetate. (b) Pure cellulose nitrate.
(c) Mixed esters of cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate.
Cellulose Acetate Membranes

Whatman cellulose acetate membranes are made
from pure cellulose acetate making them ideal for

biological and clinical analysis, sterility tests and
scintillation measurements.
Cellulose acetate membrane filters exhibit very low protein

binding capacity. They are hydrophilic making them suitable
for aqueous and alcoholic media. The cellulose acetate
membranes have improved solvent resistance, particularly
to low molecular weight alcohols and increased heat
resistance. With high physical strength, the membrane
filters can be used up to 180º C are suitable for hot gases
and can be sterilized by all methods without sacrificing
the integrity of the membrane. Cellulose Acetate Membrane (Type ST 68, 0.8 µm)
Typical Properties - Cellulose Acetate Membranes

Type Thickness Water Flow Rate Air Flow Rate Bubble Point
(µm) Δp = 0.9 bar Δp = 3 mbar (bar)
(mL/min/cm2) (mL/min/cm2)
OE 66 115 20 - 3.7
OE 67 115 40 25 2.7
ST 68 140 170 50 1.5
ST 69 140 300 90 0.9
Ordering Information - Cellulose Acetate Membranes

Diameter (mm) Pore Size (µm) Catalog Number Sterile Quantity/Pack
WCA
25 0.2 7001-0004 No 100
25 0.45 7000-0002 No 100
47 0.45 7000-0004 No 100
OE 66
25 0.2 10 404 106 No 100 contd >
Cellulose Membranes 33

47 0.2 10 404 112 No 100
47 0.2 10 404 170 Yes 100
50 0.2 10 404 114 No 100
110 0.2 10 404 126 No 50
142 0.2 10 404 131 No 25
293 0.2 10 404 139 No 25
300 x 600 0.2 10 404 180 No 5
OE 67
13 0.45 10 404 001 No 100
25 0.45 10 404 006 No 100
47 0.45 10 404 012 No 100
50 0.45 10 404 014 No 100
85 0.45 10 404 044 No 50
100 0.45 10 404 021 No 50
110 0.45 10 404 026 No 50
142 0.45 10 404 031 No 25
OE 67/A
142 0.45 10 404 331 No 25
ST 68
47 0.8 10 403 112 No 100
50 0.8 10 403 114 No 100
ST 69
47 1.2 10 403 012 No 100
50 1.2 10 403 014 No 100
Cellulose Nitrate Membranes

Recommended for the majority of routine
applications, this grade is manufactured under
strictly controlled clean room conditions. Usually,
it can directly replace the general purpose
membrane filters of other manufacturers without
requiring any significant change of technique.
The user will benefit from the performance
improvements which are now available in
Whatman membrane filters.
34 Cellulose Membranes
Higher Strength and Flexibility
Most membranes are inherently brittle and difficult to handle; it is not uncommon for filters to be damaged during loading
into holders or while in use. Whatman cellulose nitrate membrane filters have a noticeably improved flexibility and are made
to tolerate abuse during handling, loading and autoclaving without sacrificing integrity. These membranes are among the
strongest of their type available, as measured and compared by burst pressure tests.
Low Extractable Levels

The level of extractables in membrane filters has become more important with advances in filtration or adsorption
techniques. In particular, pharmaceutical, immunological, biomedical tissue culture and trace analysis applications
can be adversely affected by high extractable levels. Whatman cellulose nitrate membrane filters have a low level

of extractables generally below that of other membranes of a similar type.
Narrow Pore Size Distribution

One of the major features of Whatman membrane filters is the narrow distribution of pore sizes. The rated pore size
of these membranes is closely controlled due to the advanced manufacturing and control system. Additionally, the batch-
to-batch variation is minimized providing more consistent laboratory results.
Increased Temperature Stability

Membrane filters are normally autoclaved at 121° C without loss of integrity. Cellulose nitrate membranes are supplied
as circles, sheets or reels.
Reduced Shrinkage
Excessive shrinkage can cause problems during autoclaving and is often the cause of membranes tearing in their holders
after autoclaving. It may also cause a reduction in flow rate and total throughput. Whatman membranes exhibit a low
shrinkage during autoclaving.
Features and Benefits

• Narrow pore size distribution for improved surface capture and analysis
• Low levels of extractables to ensure sample integrity
Applications
• Sample preparation
• Microbiological studies
• Filtration of aqueous solutions
Cellulose Nitrate Filter Types
White Plain Filters

This is the standard membrane filter for the majority of laboratory applications involving particles and cells in the range
of 0.1 µm to 5.0 µm. The residue after filtration is found to be almost completely on the surface of the membrane and
allows physical recovery of deposits and microscopic examination.
Cellulose Nitrate Membranes for Nucleic Acid and Protein Analysis

In 1975 E. M. Southern developed the technique for transferring DNA from agarose gels onto a nitrocellulose membrane.
The technique was named Southern Blotting after its inventor. Subsequently, techniques for protein transfer and
RNA transfer were also developed. In association with the blotting technique, substantial quantities of good quality
chromatography paper are required and 3MM Chr has become the leading choice throughout the world.
Typical Data - Cellulose Nitrate Membranes

Cellulose Nitrate
Thickness 125 µm
Burst Strength >2 psi
Weight 3.6–5.5 mg/cm2
Maximum Service Temperature 80º C
Porosity 66–84%
Steam Autoclavable Yes
Hydrophilic Yes
Typical Applications - Cellulose Nitrate Membranes

Field of Application Pore Size (µm)
General
Microfiltration 0.1
Ultracleaning 0.1
Sterilizing 0.2
Bulk Bacterial Removal 0.45
Analytical Precipitates 0.65
Clarifying Filtration 1
Particle Removal 5
Water Microbiology and Analysis
Bacterial Colony Count 0.45 (grid)
Sediment Analysis 0.45
Suspended Particles 5
Air Pollution Monitoring
Asbestos Monitoring (NIOSH) 0.8
Food and Beverage QC
E. coli and Coliforms 0.45 (grid)
Total Bacteria Count 0.2
Tissue Culture
Mycoplasma Removal 0.1
Sterile Filtration 0.2
Ordering Information - Cellulose Nitrate Membranes
Diameter (mm) Pore Size (µm) Catalog Number Type1 Sterile2 Protein Binding Quantity/Pack
WCN
13 0.2 7182-001 Plain No High 100
13 0.45 7184-001 Plain No High 100
25 0.2 7182-002 Plain No High 100
25 0.1 7181-002 Plain No High 100
25 0.45 7184-002 Plain No High 100
25 0.65 7186-002 Plain No High 100

25 0.8 7188-002 Plain No High 100
25 1.0 7190-002 Plain No High 100
25 3.0 7193-002 Plain No High 100
25 5.0 7195-002 Plain No High 100
37 0.45 7184-003 Plain No High 100
37 0.8 7188-003 Plain No High 100
47 0.1 7181-004 Plain No High 100
47 0.2 7182-004 Plain No High 100
47 0.45 7141-004 Gridded No High 100
47 0.45 7141-104 Gridded Yes High 100
47 0.45 7141-114* Gridded Yes High 100
47 0.45 7141-204** Gridded Yes Medium 100
47 0.45 7141-124 Gridded Yes Medium 200
47 0.45 7141-154*** Gridded Yes High 1000
47 0.45 7184-004 Plain No High 100
47 0.65 7186-004 Plain No High 100
47 0.8 7188-004 Plain No High 100
47 1.0 7190-004 Plain No High 100
47 3.0 7193-004 Plain No High 100
47 5.0 7195-004 Plain No High 100
82 0.45 7184-008 Plain No High 25
90 0.2 7182-009 Plain No High 25
90 0.45 7184-009 Plain No High 25
90 0.8 7188-009 Plain No High 25
90 1.0 7190-009 Plain No High 25
90 5.0 7195-009 Plain No High 25
142 0.2 7182-014 Plain No High 25
142 0.45 7184-014 Plain No High 25
293 0.45 7184-029 Plain No High 25
AE 98
25 5.0 10 400 206 Plain No High 100
47 5.0 10 400 212 Plain No High 100
50 5.0 10 400 214 Plain No High 100 contd >
Diameter (mm) Pore Size (µm) Catalog Number Type1 Sterile2 Protein Binding Quantity/Pack
AE 99
25 8.0 10 400 106 Plain No High 100
37 8.0 10 400 109 Plain No High 100
47 8.0 10 400 112 Plain No High 100
50 8.0 10 400 114 Plain No High 100
50 8.0 10 405 079 Plain † No High 100
150 8.0 10 400 132 Plain No High 25
AE 100
47 12.0 10 400 012 Plain No High 100
50 12.0 10 400 014 Plain No High 100
NC 10
47 0.1 10 402 012 Plain No High 100
50 0.1 10 402 014 Plain No High 100
NC 20
25 0.2 10 401 306 Plain No High 100
47 0.2 10 401 312 Plain No High 100
50 0.2 10 401 314 Plain No High 100
142 0.2 10 401 331 Plain No High 25
NC 45
24 0.45 10 401 104 Plain No High 100
25 0.45 10 401 106 Plain No High 100
47 0.45 10 401 112 Plain No High 100
47 0.45 10 401 170 Plain Yes High 100
50 0.45 10 401 114 Plain No High 100
90 0.45 10 401 118 Plain No High 50
100 0.45 10 401 121 Plain No High 50
110 0.45 10 401 126 Plain No High 50
142 0.45 10 401 131 Plain No High 25
1
The ink used in the gridded filters is non-toxic and is free of bacterial growth inhibitors. Each line is spaced at 3.1 mm intervals
2
Sterile membranes are packed individually with an absorbent pad. Sterilized using ethylene oxide gas
* Packed without pad
** Autoclave pack contains 10 sealed envelopes. Each envelope contains 10 filters with 10 pads
*** 1000/box without absorbent pad
† With hydrophobic rim
Membra-Fil® Mixed Ester Membranes
Whatman mixed cellulose ester membranes are composed
of cellulose acetate (~20%) and cellulose nitrate (~80%).
These membranes are characterized by a smoother
and more uniform surface than pure nitrocellulose filters.
Also, the color contrast provided by the filter surface
facilitates particle detection and minimizes eye fatigue.
Eased Counting Process

In microbiological colony counting procedures, the color
contrast between the surface and the colonies facilitates
the counting process.
Plain or Gridded
Many microbiological techniques include colony counting after incubation as the standard method of quantification.
Whatman gridded filters have clearly defined grid lines spaced at 3.1 mm intervals. The special ink used is non-toxic
and completely free from bacterial growth inhibitors.
Whatman black mixed cellulose esters are available plain for automatic colony counting applications, as well as gridded
to assist in manual counting procedures. Black membranes provide contrast between residue or cell colors and the filter
without having to counter-stain the membrane.
Sterile Filters
For those laboratories preferring to use membranes sterilized by autoclaving for microbiological work, Whatman provides
black gridded membranes in packs with pads ready for laboratory autoclaving.

• Sterile options available for critical applications
• Excellent contrast for easier particle detection
• Grids are non-toxic and do not inhibit bacterial growth, ensuring sample integrity
• Autoclavable for repeated use
• Black plain and black gridded membranes have 80:20 ratio of cellulose nitrate to cellulose acetate
• The membrane offers a high degree of internal surface area for greater adsorption of product
• Higher dirt loading capacity
• Low protein binding characteristics
• Biologically inert with good thermal stability
• No surfactants to contaminate samples
• Uniform microporous structure of membrane gives high flow rates
• Thermally stable
Applications
The membrane is particularly effective in applications requiring higher flow rates and larger volume filtration including
clarification or sterilization of aqueous solutions, particulate analysis and removal, air monitoring and microbial analysis.
Other applications include:
• Clarification or sterilization of aqueous solutions

• Cytology
• Air monitoring
• HPLC samples (aqueous)
• Virus concentration
• Particulate analysis
• Biological assays
• Food microbiology including enumeration of E. coli in foods
• Bacteriological studies
• Particle counting from liquids and aerosols
• Yeasts and molds
Ordering Information - Membra-Fil Mixed Cellulose Ester Membranes

Diameter (mm) Pore Size (µm) Catalog Number Quantity/Pack
13 0.45 140418 100
13 5 140413 100
25 0.22 140628 100
25 0.45 140618 100
25 1.2 140627 100
25 5 140613 100
47 0.22 141128 100
47 0.45 141118 100
47 0.65 141119 100
47 0.8 141109 100
47 1.2 141127 100
47 3 141112 100
47 5 141113 100
90 0.45 141718 100
142 0.22 142128 25
142 0.45 142118 25
142 0.8 142109 25
Typical Data - Mixed Cellulose Ester Membranes
Weight 4.3–5.0 mg/cm2
Maximum Service Temperature 130° C
Porosity 74–77%
Steam Autoclavable Yes
Solvent Resistancy Medium
Protein Binding1 Medium
1
WME white gridded type: high protein binding

Product Selection - Mixed Cellulose Ester Membranes
Type Thickness Water Flow Rate Air Flow Rate Bubble Point
WME 140 - - -
ME 24 135 25 - 3.7
ME 25 135 45 25 2.5
ME 26 135 110 45 1.5
ME 27 140 170 80 1.3
ME 28 140 240 100 0.8
ME 29 150 400 140 0.7
Ordering Information - Mixed Cellulose Ester Membranes

Diameter (mm) Pore Size (µm) Catalog Number Type Sterile Quantity/Pack
WME
47 0.45 7153-004 Black Gridded No 100
47 0.45 7153-104 Black Gridded Yes 100
47 0.2 7187-114 White Gridded Yes 100
ME 24
25 0.2 10 401 706 Plain No 100
47 0.2 10 401 712 Plain No 100
47 0.2 10 401 770 Plain Yes 100
50 0.2 10 401 714 Plain No 100
50 0.2 10 401 772 Plain Yes 100
110 0.2 10 401 726 Plain No 50
142 0.2 10 401 731 Plain No 25 contd >
Diameter (mm) Pore Size (µm) Catalog Number Type Sterile Quantity/Pack
ME 25
25 0.45 10 401 606 Plain No 100
47 0.45 10 401 612 Plain No 100
47 0.45 10 401 670 Plain Yes 100
50 0.45 10 401 614 Plain No 100
50* 0.45 10 401 662 Plain No 100
50 0.45 10 401 672 Plain Yes 100
90 0.45 10 401 618 Plain No 50
100 0.45 10 401 621 Plain No 50
110 0.45 10 401 626 Plain No 50
142 0.45 10 401 631 Plain No 25
ME 26
47 0.6 10 401 512 Plain No 100
50 0.6 10 401 514 Plain No 100
ME 27
25 0.8 10 400 906 Plain No 100
37 0.8 10 400 909 Plain No 100
47 0.8 10 400 912 Plain No 100
47 0.8 10 400 970 Plain Yes 100
50 0.8 10 400 914 Plain No 100
100 0.8 10 400 921 Plain No 50
ME 28
25 1.2 10 400 806 Plain No 100
47 1.2 10 400 812 Plain No 100
50 1.2 10 400 814 Plain No 100
ME 29
25 3.0 10 400 706 Plain No 100
47 3.0 10 400 712 Plain No 100
50 3.0 10 400 714 Plain No 100
50 3.0 10 400 772 Plain Yes 100
* Without interleaving papers
Regenerated Cellulose Membranes
Whatman regenerated cellulose membranes are made
of pure cellulose, without any wetting agents.

• Spontaneously wetting, very good wet strength
• Extremely chemically resistant; suitable for aqueous
and organic media
• Hydrophilic

• Mechanically stable
• Can be used up to 180° C
• Sterilizable by all methods
• Pore sizes between 0.2 µm and 1 µm Regenerated Cellulose Membrane (Type RE 55, 0.45 µm)
• Suitable for use as sterile filter to ASTM D 3862-80 Electron Micrograph (Magnification 1000x)
Typical Data - Regenerated Cellulose Membranes

Thickness Water Flow Rate Air Flow Rate Bubble Point
RC 58 75 20 - 3.7
RC 55 75 35 - 3.5
RC 60 75 240 75 0.8
Ordering Information - Regenerated Cellulose Membranes

RC 58
47 0.2 10 410 312 No 100
50 0.2 10 410 314 No 100
100 0.2 10 410 319 No 25
RC 55
25 0.45 10 410 206 No 100
47 0.45 10 410 212 No 100
50 0.45 10 410 214 No 100
100 0.45 10 410 219 No 25
110 0.45 10 410 224 No 25
142 0.45 10 410 229 No 25
RC 60
47 1.0 10 410 012 No 100
50 1.0 10 410 014 No 100
Nylon Membranes
High-quality nylon membranes are suitable for filtering aqueous solutions and most organic solvents.
The membranes are suitable for use with a wide range of biological preparations and can be used
where other membranes are unsuitable or difficult to use.
Nylon membranes are hydrophilic, eliminating the need for wetting agents that could be extracted when filtering aqueous
solutions. The membranes are flexible, durable and tear resistant, and can be autoclaved at 121º C.
Applications
• Filtration of aqueous and organic mobile phases
• Vacuum degassing
• Filtration of tissue culture media, microbiological media, buffers and solutions
Typical Data - Nylon Membranes

0.2 µm 0.45 µm 0.8 µm
Thickness 150–187 µm 150–187 µm 137–200 µm
Fiber Releasing No No No
Bubble Point 40–49 psi 34–42 psi >13 psi
Water Flow Rate @ 5 psi >50 mL/min >60 mL/min >180 mL/min
Maximum Temperature 135° C 135° C 135° C
Ordering Information - Nylon Membranes

Diameter Pore Size Catalog Hydrophilic Protein Solvent Quantity/
(mm) (µm) Number Binding Resistance Pack
13 0.2 7402-001 Yes High Good 100
13 0.45 7404-001 Yes High Good 100
25 0.2 7402-002 Yes High Good 100
25 0.45 7404-002 Yes High Good 100
47 0.2 7402-004 Yes High Good 100
47 0.45 7404-004 Yes High Good 100
47 0.8 7408-004 Yes High Good 100
90 0.2 7402-009 Yes High Good 50
90 0.45 7404-009 Yes High Good 50
44 Nylon Membranes
Polyamide Membranes
Whatman polyamide membranes are made from
pure polyamide making them the universal filter
for clarification and sterile filtration.
Polyamide membrane filters are mechanically very strong

and exhibit excellent wet strength and dry strength.
They are hydrophilic making them suitable for aqueous
and organic solutions. The membrane filters can be used

up to 135º C.
Polyamide Membrane (Type NL 17, 0.45 µm)
Electronic Micrograph (Magnification 1000x)
Typical Properties - Polyamide Membranes

Type Nominal Pore Size Thickness Water Flow Rate Bubble Point
(µm) (µm) Δp = 0.9 bar (bar)
(mL/min/cm2)
NL 16 0.2 110 10 4.2
NL 17 0.45 110 20 2.8
Ordering Information - Polyamide Membranes

Pore Size (µm) Diameter (mm) Membrane Type Catalog Number Quantity/Pack
0.2 µm 25 NL 16 10 404 106 100
47 NL 16 10 404 112 100
50 NL 16 10 404 170 100
0.45 µm 25 NL 17 10 404 001 100

47 NL 17 10 404 006 100
50 NL 17 10 404 012 100
142 NL 17 10 404 014 25
Nylon Membranes 45
PM 2.5 Air Monitoring Membrane

A new, high-purity, thin PTFE membrane in a sequentially numbered chemically resistant polypropylene
support ring has been developed for PM 2.5 Ambient Air Monitoring. Whatman PM 2.5 membranes
have low tare mass for accurate gravimetric determinations. The unique thermally stable design eliminates
curling, keeps the membrane flat and makes the filter robot-friendly.
The PM 2.5 PTFE membranes are manufactured under

clean room conditions. These chemically resistant, low
chemical background filters permit sensitive, interference-
free determinations. No glues or adhesives are used
in making these 46.2 mm diameter products.
Statement of Conformance
PTFE Filters for EPA PM 2.5 Reference Method.
Under the requirements of 40 CFR Part 50, Appendix L,

shown below, the manufacturer must perform the
following tests as listed.
Any filter manufacturer or vendor who sells or offers to sell filters specifically identified for use with this PM 2.5 reference
method shall certify that the required number of filters from each lot (0.1% or 10, whichever is greater) of filters offered
for sale have been tested as specified for the following tests and meet 90% of each of the design and performance
specifications:
• Loose, surface particle contamination. (Drop Test - Weight Loss Stability)

• Temperature Stability. (Temperature - Weight Loss Stability)
Any filter manufacturer or vendor who sells or offers to sell filters specifically identified for use with this PM2.5 reference
method shall certify that a minimum number of 50 filters from each lot of filters offered for sale have been tested as
specified for the following tests and meet 90% of each of the design and performance specifications:
• Filter Type
• Filter Diameter
• Filter Thickness
• Filter Pore Size
• Support Ring Width
• Support Ring Thickness (Total)
• Maximum Pressure Drop (Clean Air)
• Maximum Moisture Pick-up
• Collection Efficiency
• Alkalinity
• Special Requirements
46 PM 2.5 Air Monitoring Membrane

These include trace metal analysis by XRF and visual inspection for defects such as pinholes, support ring separation,
chaff or flashing, loose material, discoloration, filter non-uniformity or any other obvious filter defect.
Whatman hereby states that every manufacturing lot that is offered for sale, and is identified for use with the PM 2.5
reference method, conforms to EPA acceptance criteria.
Technical Specifications - PTFE Filters for Use in US EPA PM 2.5 Ambient Air Monitoring

Property Test Method Unit of Measure Value Range
PTFE Filter Media n/a n/a PTFE -
Filter Thickness µm µm 40 ±10
Filter Diameter mm template 46.2 2.5
Filter Pore Size ASTM F 316-94 µm 2 maximum
Support Ring Media n/a n/a Polypropylene -
Total Support Ring Thickness mm mm 0.38 ±0.04
Support Ring width mm template 3.68 +0.00 – 0.51
Particle Retention (0.3 µm) ASTM D 2986-91 % 99.7 minimum
Pressure Drop (0.3 µm) ASTM D 2986-91 cm H2O 30 maximum
@ 16.67 L/min
Alkalinity Section 2.12
EPA/600/R-94/038b µeq/g of filter <25 maximum
Temperature Wt. Loss Stability as above µg <20 average
Drop Test Wt. Loss Stability as above µg <20 average
Moisture Wt. Gain Stability as above µg <10 average
Maximum Trace Element Concentration by X-Ray Fluorescence

Ion ng/cm2 Ion ng/cm2 Ion ng/cm2 Ion ng/cm2 Ion ng/cm2 Ion ng/cm2
Al 94.4 Sc 7.2 Ni 3 Br 2 Pd 9.6 Cs 25
Si 32.8 Ti 13.8 Cu 2.8 Rb 2 Ag 9.6 Ba 32.2
P 22.6 V 4.8 Zn 2.2 Sr 2.2 Cd 10.8 La 87.6
S 13.4 Cr 2.2 Ga 1.8 Y 14.6 Sn 15.2 W 5
CI 9.4 Mn 2.2 Ge 3 Zr 13.2 Sb 14.4 Au 4.4
K 5.6 Fe 5.8 As 2.8 Mo 11.6 Te 16.2 Hg 4.4
Ca 8.2 Co 4 Se 1.6 Rh 9.4 I 18.6 Pb 4.8
Ordering Information - PM 2.5 Air Monitoring Membranes

Diameter (mm) Product Description Catalog Number Quantity/Pack
46.2 PTFE Membrane with Polypropylene 7592-104 50
Support Ring, Sequentially Numbered
PM 2.5 Air Monitoring Membrane 47

Polyethersulfone (PES) Membranes

Whatman polyethersulfone (PES) membranes are hydrophilic, low protein binding and stable in alkaline
pH. Available in a 0.8 µm pore size, the PES membrane is recommended for aqueous applications
and for biological samples. Whatman PES membranes have a smooth surface that allows for easy
enumeration of artifacts.
Ordering Information - PES Membranes

47 0.8 111164 100
Polypropylene Membranes
Whatman polypropylene membrane filters are ideal for numerous applications in chromatography and
biotechnology laboratories. They come in a range of diameters and pore sizes from 0.2 µm to 1.0 µm.
Easy Handling
Whatman polypropylene membrane filters are flexible,
durable and virtually indestructible. The exceptionally
uniform strength of the device means that the membrane
will not crack, tear, break or distort when picked up
by hand or forceps.
Versatility
These devices are temperature tolerant, which means
they are not affected by autoclaving. This temperature
resistance gives users autoclaved membranes with flow
rates and throughput at least 80% higher than those
of autoclaved cellulosic membranes.
Purity
There is no need for pre-wetting or wetting with cytotoxic wetting agents that could be extracted. This makes the
membranes ideal as a support for cell growth, filtration of media and sterilization of tissue culture media, pharmaceuticals
and other solutions used for biological work. The membranes are also compatible with organic solvents, making them
highly suitable for HPLC mobile phase filtering and degassing, especially acetonitrile.
48 Polyethersulfone (PES) Membranes/Polypropylene Membranes

Ordering Information - Polypropylene (Type WPP) Membranes
25 0.45 7002-0425 100
47 0.45 7002-0447 100
90 0.2 7002-0290 50
Teflon® (PTFE) Membranes

Whatman PTFE membranes are chemically stable and inert. They are suitable for applications involving
aggressive organic solvents, strong acids and alkalis. PTFE membranes are particularly suitable for
preparing samples for HPLC analysis. The hydrophobic nature of the membrane also has applications
for air and gas sterilization. The membrane is laminated onto a non-woven polypropylene support web
for improved strength and handling and can be used at temperatures up to 150º C.
Chemically Stable and Inert

PTFE is the membrane of choice for use with
aggressive solvents, liquids and gases that can attack other
membranes. It is resistant to most acids, alkalis and solvents.
Applications
One of the major applications for the PTFE (Type WTP)
membrane is the clarification of corrosives, solvents and
aggressive fluids. This includes the important requirement
in HPLC analysis for sample filtration where any solid
particles can cause permanent damage to the column.
The 0.5 µm pore size is normally used. Air and gas
sterilization make use of the hydrophobic characteristics
of PTFE membranes and their ability to stop aqueous aerosols.
Usual pore sizes are 0.2 µm and 0.5 µm. Sterile venting
of vacuum manifolds, fermentation vessels and sterile
filtrate tanks and containers utilize PTFE 0.2 µm membranes.
Typical Data - Teflon (PTFE) Membranes

0.2 µm 0.5 µm 1.0 µm
Thickness 130 µm 120 µm 90 µm
Porosity 72% 74% 76%
Fiber Releasing No No No
Air Flow Rate @ 10 psi Vacuum 4.5 L/min/cm2 7.5 L/min/cm2 17 L/min/cm2
Bubble Point 13 psi 6 psi 3 psi
Maximum Temperature 150º C 150º C 150º C
Teflon (PTFE) Membranes 49

Product Selection - Teflon (PTFE) Membranes

Thickness Water Flow Rate Air Flow Rate Bubble Point
(µm) Δp 0.9 bar Δp 3 m bar (bar)
TE 35 190 20* 15 1.4
TE 36 190 40* 30 0.9
TE 37 100 90* 80 0.25
TE 38 180 220** 265 0.2
* Measured with ethanol

** Pre-wetted with isopropanol
Ordering Information - Teflon (PTFE) Membranes

Type*
Diameter Pore Size Catalog Number Hydrophilic Protein Solvent Quantity/Pack
(mm) (µm) Binding Resistance
WTP
25 0.2 7582-002 No Low Very Good 100
47 0.2 7582-004 No Low Very Good 100
47 0.5 7585-004 No Low Very Good 100
47 1.0 7590-004 No Low Very Good 100
TE 35
25 0.2 10 411 405 No Low Very Good 50
47 0.2 10 411 411 No Low Very Good 50
50 0.2 10 411 413 No Low Very Good 50
TE 36
25 0.45 10 411 305 No Low Very Good 50
47 0.45 10 411 311 No Low Very Good 50
50 0.45 10 411 313 No Low Very Good 50
TE 37
25 1.0 10 411 205 No Low Very Good 50
47 1.0 10 411 211 No Low Very Good 50
50 1.0 10 411 213 No Low Very Good 50
TE 38
37 5.0 10 411 108 No Low Very Good 50
47 5.0 10 411 111 No Low Very Good 50
50 5.0 10 411 113 No Low Very Good 50
90 5.0 10 411 116 No Low Very Good 25
150 5.0 10 411 130 No Low Very Good 25
* WTP = Teflon membrane with polypropylene support

TE = Teflon membrane with polyester support
50 Teflon (PTFE) Membranes

Track-Etched Polycarbonate and Polyester Membranes
Whatman offers a complete range of track-etched membranes manufactured using proprietary Whatman
technology to produce a precision membrane filter with a closely controlled pore size distribution.
These membranes include Cyclopore polycarbonate and polyester, Nuclepore polycarbonate,
chemotaxis membranes, black polycarbonate and polycarbonate membranes for cell culture.
Cyclopore® Polycarbonate and Polyester Membranes

Whatman Cyclopore membranes are true pore size microporous membranes featuring sharp cut-off
and reproducible microfiltration performance characteristics of track-etched membranes. The smooth flat
membrane ensures particles are retained on the surface so that they are easily visible under a microscope.
Cyclopore membranes are manufactured using proprietary

Whatman technology to produce a precision membrane
filter with a closely controlled pore size distribution.
Membranes are produced from a pure polymeric film

and give exceptional chemical cleanliness. They are
free of contaminants, have low tare weight, minimum
water adsorption and very low levels of non-specific
protein binding.
The polycarbonate membranes are hydrophilic and

are available in a choice of diameters and pore sizes.
The polyester membranes are resistant to most organic Cyclopore Track-Etched Membranes
solvents, amides and halogenated hydrocarbons.
This broad chemical compatibility makes them suitable
for the detection of particles in many corrosive fluids.

• Low affinity for stains providing higher optical contrast
and making visibility under a microscope easy
• True surface capture provides easy examination
of samples and short analysis times
• Totally transparent membranes available
• Negligible absorption and adsorption of filtrate;
non-hygroscopic
• Low tare weights
• No particle shedding provides ultra clean filtrate
• Biologically inert
Electron Micrograph of Cyclopore Membrane
Track-Etched Polycarbonate and Polyester Membranes 51

Typical Applications
• Air Monitoring
Trace elements (chemicals, radioactivity) and particulate analysis (dust, pollens and airborne particles)
• Analytical Methods
Gravimetric analysis, densitometry, emission spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence and infrared analysis
• Water Analysis
Absorbable organic halides (AOX), direct count of microorganisms, marine biology and dissolved phosphates, nitrates
and ammonia analysis
• Blood Filtration and Cell Analysis
RBC deformability, leukocyte removal, RBC filtration and plasmaphoresis, chemotaxis, cytology and cell culture
• General Filtration
Particulate and bacteria removal, cross flow filtration, HPLC sample preparation and solution filtration
• Microscopy
Electron microscopy, epifluorescence microscopy and direct optical microscopy
• Microorganism Analysis
Direct total microbial count, harvesting, concentration, fractionation, yeast, molds, Giardia, Legionella, coliform
and canine microfilaria
• Nucleic Acid Studies
Alkaline elution and DNA fragment fractionation
• Oceanographic Studies
Transparent polycarbonate membrane filters provide a new tool for studying planktonic organisms. These ultra-thin
transparent membranes are strong yet flexible, allowing for planktonic samples to be filtered and the membranes
to be mounted directly onto microscope slides. (Ref: Hewes et al. 1998; Graham and Mitchell 1999; Graham 1999.)
• Medical devices and in vitro diagnostics
Biosensors - as a barrier offering controlled diffusion for biological reagents and electrochemical detectors.
Diagnostic assays - for flow control, sample preparation, blood separation and capture of latex microparticles.
Cell biology - for cell culture, chemotaxis and cytological analyses, e.g. direct staining, isotopic and fluorescence
based assays. Transdermal drug delivery - as an inert matrix for retention of therapeutics.
Typical Data - Cyclopore Track-Etched Membranes

Polycarbonate Polyester
Thickness 7–20 µm 9–23 µm
Burst Strength >10 psi >10 psi
Weight 0.7–2.0 mg/cm2 0.9–2.3 mg/cm2
Maximum Service Temperature 140º C 150º C
Porosity (Void Vol.) 4–20% 4–20%
Ash Weight 0.6 µg/cm2 2.3 µg/cm2
Pore Density 105 - 6 x 108 pores/cm2 105 - 6 x 108 pores/cm2
Opacity Translucent or transparent N/A
Autoclavable 30 minutes at 121º C 30 minutes at 121º C
Specific Gravity 1.21 g/cm2 1.39 g/cm2 contd >
52 Track-Etched Polycarbonate and Polyester Membranes

Polycarbonate Polyester
Flammability Slow burn Slow burn
Fiber Releasing No No
Leachables Negligible Negligible
Biological Compatibility Inert Inert
Typical Properties - Cyclopore Track-Etched Membranes

Pore Size Nominal Thickness Rated Pore Density Mean Porosity Bubble Point Burst Strength
(µm) (µm) (pores/cm ) 2
(%) in Water (bar)* (bar)*
Polycarbonate Microporous
0.1 20 6 x 102 4 >6.9 >1.4
0.2 20 5 x 108 13 4 >1
0.4 20 1.5 x 10 8
15 2.2 >1
1.0 19 2.2 x 107 14 0.95 >3.4
5.0 15 4 x 105 6 >0.15 >3.4
8.0 12 105 4 >0.15 >3.4
12.0 8 105
5 <0.07 >3.4
Polyester Microporous
1.0 22 2.2 x 107 14 0.95 >3.4
* 1 bar = 14.7 psi
Ordering Information - Cyclopore Track-Etched Membranes

Diameter Pore Size Membrane Catalog Hydrophilic Protein Solvent Quantity/
Standard Cyclopore
25 0.1 Polycarbonate 7060-2501 Yes Low Medium 100
25 0.2 Polyester 7061-2502 Yes Low Medium 100
47 12.0 Polycarbonate 7060-4716 Yes Low Medium 100 contd >

Diameter Pore Size Membrane Catalog Hydrophilic Protein Solvent Quantity/

47* 1.0 Polycarbonate 7091-4710 Yes Low Medium 100
* Special Clear Cyclopore
Nuclepore® Track-Etched Membranes

Nuclepore track-etched polycarbonate membranes are manufactured from high quality polycarbonate
film and have sharply defined pore sizes, high flow rates and excellent chemical and thermal resistance.
The membranes have a smooth flat surface and exhibit very low levels of extractables.

• Low protein binding and low extractables ensuring
no sample contamination
• High chemical resistance and good thermal stability
for a wide range of samples
• Low, consistent ash and tare weights
• Smooth flat surface for good visibility of particles
Applications
• Epifluorescence microscopy
• Environmental analysis
• Cell biology
• EPA testing
• Fuel testing
• Bioassays
• Parasitology
• Air analysis
• Water microbiology

Typical Data - Nuclepore Track-Etched Membranes
Polycarbonate
Thickness 6-11 µm
Weight (Tare) 0.6-1 mg/cm2
Specific Gravity Bulk Material 1.20 g/cm3
Heat Sealing Range 230º C-275º C
Flammability Slow burn

Ash Weight 0.92 µg/cm2
Porosity <15%
Rated Pore Size 0.05-12.0 µm
Rated Pore Density 1 x 105- 6 x 108 pores/cm2
Surface Texture Flat and smooth
Optical Translucent
Refractive Index 1.584-1.625 (birefringent)
Hydrophobic No
Fiber Releasing No
Autoclavable 121º C
Ordering Information - Nuclepore Track-Etched Membranes

Diameter (mm) Membrane Pore Size (µm) Catalog Number Quantity/Pack
13 Polycarbonate 0.015 110401 100
13 Polycarbonate 0.1 110405 100
13 Polycarbonate 1 110410 100
13 Polycarbonate PVP-free 8 150446 100
13 Gold Coated PC 0.8 800195 10
25 Polycarbonate 0.015 110601 100
25 Polycarbonate 0.6 110608 100 contd >


25 Polycarbonate AOX 0.4 110637 100
25 Gold Coated PC 0.4 170607 50
25 Gold Coated PC 0.8 117197 50
47 Polycarbonate 0.015 111101 100
47 Polycarbonate AOX 0.4 111137 100
47 Polycarbonate AERO 0.4 111130 100
142 Polycarbonate 0.1 112105 25 contd >


8 x 10 Polycarbonate 0.03 113502 25
19 x 42 Polycarbonate 5 113313 100
25 x 80 Polycarbonate PVP-free 8 155846 100
AOX – suitable for AOX (Adsorbable Organic Halogens) analysis

PVP-free – hydrophobic
Black Cyclopore® Membranes

Black Cyclopore membranes are ideal for
epifluorescence and other microscopy
applications requiring a contrasting background.
The polycarbonate membrane is used to filter
the sample and is then used directly for analysis.
The dark membrane gives lower background
fluorescence and improves the sensitivity
of the test.
Yeast Cells on Black Cyclopore with DAPI Stain
Typical Data - Black Cyclopore Membranes

Black Polycarbonate
Thickness 7-20 µm
Weight 0.7-2.0 mg/cm2
Porosity (Void Vol.) 4-20%
Ash Weight 20.6 µg/cm2
Pore Density 105- 6 x 108 pores/cm2
Opacity N/A contd >

Black Polycarbonate
Autoclavable 30 minutes at 121º C
Specific Gravity -
Flammability Slow burn
Fiber Releasing No
Leachables Negligible
Biological Compatibility Inert
Typical Properties - Black Cyclopore Membranes

Pore Size Nominal Thickness Rated Pore Density Mean Porosity Bubble Point Burst Strength
(µm) (µm) (pores/cm2) (%) in Water (bar)* (bar)*
Polycarbonate Microporous
0.2 20 5 x 108 13 4 >1
0.4 20 1.5 x 108 15 2.2 >1
* 1 bar = 14.7 psi
Ordering Information - Black Cyclopore Membranes

Diameter Pore Size Catalog Hydrophilic Protein Solvent Quantity/Pack
(mm) (µm) Number Binding Resistance
25 0.2 7063-2502 Yes Low Medium 100
25 0.4 7063-2504 Yes Low Medium 100
47 0.2 7063-4702 Yes Low Medium 100
47 0.4 7063-4704 Yes Low Medium 100
Black Nuclepore® Membranes

Membranes for Use with Epifluorescence Microscopy
Nuclepore black dyed polycarbonate membranes are high-performance membranes ideally suited
for applications using Epifluorescence Microscopy. Black membranes greatly reduce background
fluorescence, which results in improved microorganism and particulate visibility.
Using these membranes in combination with Epifluorescence techniques, rapid enumeration of viable and non-viable
microorganisms and particulate matter can be conducted in 30 minutes or less. Conventional culturing methods require
incubation times of more than 24 hours. Use black track-etched membranes with Epifluorescence techniques
to achieve rapid, direct enumeration of microorganisms.

• Polycarbonate track-etched membrane dyed black with Irgalan Black
• Flat, smooth surface assures surface capture of microorganisms and particles
• Extremely low non-specific absorption
Applications
• Potable water
• Ultra-pure water
• Food and dairy
• Wine and beverages

• Clinical
• Electronics
Ordering Information - Black Nuclepore Polycarbonate Track-Etched Membranes

Diameter (mm) Catalog Number Pore Size (µm) Quantity/Pack
25 110656 0.2 100
25 110657 0.4 100
25 110659 0.8 100
47 111156 0.2 100
47 111157 0.4 100
Hemafil™ Track-Etched Polycarbonate Membranes

Whatman Hemafil polycarbonate track-etched membranes, part of the Whatman family of Nuclepore
membranes, are specially selected for measuring erythrocyte deformability to assure a uniform flow
rate and pore size. Select membranes for quantitative assessment of erythrocyte (red blood cell)
deformability. Healthy erythrocytes have a mean diameter of approximately 7.5 µm but pass through
capillaries as small as 3.0 µm (dia) due to their ability to deform.
Ordering Information - Hemafil Track-Etched Polycarbonate Membranes

13 110424 100

Track-Etched Polycarbonate Membranes

For Cell Culture and Chemotaxis Applications
Whatman offers track-etched polycarbonate membranes for cell culture applications.

• For the analysis of cell migration toward
a chemical stimulus
• Thin and uniform; cylindrical pores facilitate
rapid cell migration
• Reduces incubation time and the need to sterilize
• Offered without the standard wetting agent
(PVP-free membranes) for increased cellular
adhesion (e.g. neutrophil chemotaxis)
Chemotaxis Membrane
Ordering Info - Track-Etched Polycarbonate Membranes for Cell Culture Applications

Diameter (mm) Pore Size (µm) Catalog Number Surface Quantity/Pack
13 3 110412 Standard 100
13 5 110413 Standard 100
13 8 110414 Standard 100
13 5 150445 PVP-free 100
13 8 150446 PVP-free 100
25 2 110611 Standard 100
25 3 110612 Standard 100
25 5 110613 Standard 100
25 8 110614 Standard 100
25 x 80 8 155814 Standard 100
25 x 80 5 155845 PVP-free 100
25 x 80 8 155846 PVP-free 100

Membrane Accessories
Membrane Prefilters
The life of a membrane filter can be extended many times by placing a prefilter adjacent to or upstream
of the membrane. The total particulate load challenging the membrane is considerably reduced thus
allowing the membrane to operate efficiently.
Whatman manufactures glass microfiber filters which are used as prefilters for membranes. The unique properties of
borosilicate glass microfibers enable Whatman to manufacture filters with high loading capacity and retention of very
fine particulates.

The Whatman Multigrade GMF 150, used as a prefilter, nearly doubles the volume of sample filtered compared to a single
density prefilter. Compared to an unprotected membrane, the volume of sample filtered is three to seven times greater.
Conventional prefilters cannot perform up to the same caliper as the Multigrade GMF 150 simply because prefilters
of a uniform density do not have the loading capacity of the new multiporosity filter technology advanced by Whatman.
Ordering Information - Glass Microfiber Prefilters

Prefilter Diameter Membrane Diameter Catalog Number Catalog Number Quantity/Pack
(mm) (mm) - Grade GF/B (fine) - Grade GF/D (coarse)
10 13 - 1823-010 100
16 25 - 1823-016 100
25 25 1821-025 1823-025 100
35 47 - 1823-035 100
37 47 1821-037 - 100
42.5 47 1821-042 1823-042 100
47 47 1821-047 1823-047 100
90 90 1821-090 1823-090 25
125 142 1821-125 1823-125 25
142 142 - 1823-142 25
257 293 - 1823-257 25
GMF 150 10 µm/1 µm 10 µm/2 µm
47 47 1841-047 1842-047 40
90 90 1841-090 1842-090 40
Membrane Accessories 61
Membrane Filter Accessories

Whatman offers a choice of holders for use with
membrane filters.
Vacuum Type Glass Holders

Produced from borosilicate glass and available with a
choice of support screen. Suitable for aqueous and organic
solvent filtration. The funnel seal ensures that the sample
does not bypass the membrane and that particulates are
retained on the surface of the membrane.
The sintered glass support is recommended for filtration

and biological analysis. The 304 stainless steel support
screen is suitable for use with proteinaceous solutions.
Membrane Filter Holders
Hardware/Replacement Parts
Whatman offers both stoppers and glass reservoirs.
Polyester Drain Discs

For use with membrane hardware where extra support is needed for improved flow rate and throughput. The polyester
drain disc is binder-free and has a thickness of 100 µm. It provides a flat surface to eliminate filter tearing or rupturing.
It is also used as a separator between membrane layers in serial stack filtration applications. This chemically inert support
disc is available in a variety of diameters for use in a range of devices.
Applications
• General laboratory microfiltration
• Quality control and sterility testing
• Removal of particulates from HPLC solvents
• Tissue culture media filtration
Typical Data - Membrane Holders

Filter Diameter (mm) Membrane Holder
Membrane Filter Systems-Glass Reservoir Volume (mL) Filter Surface Area (cm2) Prefilter Diameter (mm)
25 FG 25 25 2.1 16
25 FG 25R 50 2.1 13
25 FG 25S 25 2.1 16
47 FG 47 300 9.6 35
47 FG 47S 300 9.6 35
90 FG 90 1000 38.5 70
62 Membrane Accessories
Ordering Information - Membrane Accessories
Diameter (mm) Description Catalog Number Quantity/Pack
Membrane Filter Holders
25 Glass Support; 50 mL-FG 25R; Sintered Glass 1960-032 1
25 Glass Support; 25 mL-FG 25; Sintered Glass 1960-002 1
25 Stainless Steel Support 25 mL
FG 25S; 304 Stainless Steel 100 Mesh Screen 1960-052 1
47 Stainless Steel Support 300 mL

FG 47S 304; Stainless Steel 100 Mesh Screen 1960-054 1
Hardware/Replacement Parts
Glass Reservoir for FG47 (300 mL) 1961-054 1
Accessories
10 Polyester Drain Disc 230300 100
Note: 25 mm holders have No. 5 stopper, fitting 125 mL flasks; 47 mm and 90 mm holders have a No. 8 stopper, fitting
standard manifolds and 1 L flasks.
Syringe Type Holders S/S

Syringe Filter Type Membrane Filter Holders
Available in stainless steel and polypropylene with luer
fittings for use with a standard syringe. The holders are
designed for the quick and easy clarification, sterilization
and removal of particulates from small volume samples,
typically for HPLC applications. The holders contain PTFE
gaskets and O-rings and allow the membrane to be
autoclaved in place without the filter sticking to the holder.
Luer lock fittings connect to a standard syringe and offer

convenience and ease of use for clarification, sterilization
and removal of particulates from small volumes of liquid
(e.g., HPLC samples and solvents).
Syringe Type Holder
Membrane Accessories 63
Ordering Information - Syringe Type Holders S/S

Filter Description Catalog Model Prefilter Quantity
Diameter (mm) Number Diameter (mm)
13 S/S, Female Luer Inlet; Male Luer Nozzle Outlet 1980-001 SH13 10 1
25 S/S, Female Luer Inlet; Male Luer Nozzle Outlet 1980-002 SH25 22 1
Pop-Top™ and Swin-Lok™ Plastic Filter Holders

• Designed for microfiltration and ultra cleaning
of small volumes of liquids using positive pressure
• All three holders will accommodate Nuclepore
track-etched and cast membranes
• Syringe compatible
Plastic Filtration Holders
Typical Data - Pop-Top and Swin-Lok Plastic Filter Holders

Materials 13 mm Pop-Top 25 mm Swin-Lok 47 mm Swin-Lok
Holder Polycarbonate Polypropylene Polycarbonate
Maximum Operating 38° C (100° F) at 50 psi (3.5 bar)
Temperature and Pressure
Sterilization 121° C (250° F) for 15 minutes
Size (cm) 2.7 OD x 2.7 H 3.5 OD x 3.7 H 6.0 OD x 6.5 H
Membrane Size (mm) 13 25 47
Prefilter Size (mm) 10 22 42
Filtration Area (cm2) 0.8 3.9 13.8
Connection
Cap Male luer slip-fit Female luer-lok Female luer slip-fit with Male 1/4"
NPT and 1/4" Tubing (multipurpose)
Base Female luer slip-fit Male luer slip-fit
64 Membrane Accessories
Ordering Information - Pop-Top and Swin-Lok Plastic Filter Holders
Diameter (mm) Description Catalog Number Quantity
13 Pop-Top 420100 10
25 Swin-Lok Holder 420200 10
47 Swin-Lok Holder 420400 10
GMF 150, The Ideal Prefilter

Routine filtration performed with a membrane often results in rapid binding of the surface pores. Therefore, flow rate

is quickly diminished and the volume of sample to be filtered is minimized. Tests have proven that the Whatman GMF150,
used as a prefilter, nearly doubles the volume of sample filtered compared to a single density prefilter. Compared to
an unprotected membrane, the volume of sample filtered is three to seven times greater. Conventional prefilters cannot
perform up to the same caliber as the Whatman GMF150 simply because prefilters of a uniform density do not have
the loading capacity of the multilayer filter technology advanced by Whatman.
Ordering Information - Multigrade GMF 150 Circles

Pore Size Diameter (mm) 1 µm 2 µm Quantity/Pack
47 1841-047 1842-04 40
90 1841-090 1842-090 20
Above items available on special order in Europe, South America, Africa and the Middle East
Membrane Filters
Whatman brings to the laboratory user a range
of membrane filters whose advanced technical
specifications makes them today’s preferred choice
for a wide range of applications. The membrane
filters offer accurately controlled pore size
distribution and higher strength and flexibility
which ensure reproducibility and consistency.
The Whatman membrane filter range includes
pore sizes (from 0.02 to 12 µm) with a wide
selection of membrane filters. Sterile and autoclave
packs are available for specialized applications.
Colored and gridded types are also available.
Membrane Filters 65
Quick Pick Reference Chart
Sample Membrane
Liquids Air
Aqueous Solvents
Cell Culture Media Non-polar (Hydrophobic)
PES PTFE
General Purpose Microbiology Polar (Hydrophilic)
Nitrocellulose Nylon
Particle Analysis Microbiology
Mixed Cellulose Ester
Particle Analysis SEM Epifluorescence PTFE
Track-Etched Mixed Cellulose Ester
General Purpose Filtration Low Protein Binding Applications
Cellulose Acetate/PVDF
Solvent Mixtures
Nylon PTFE
66 Membrane Filters
Typical Properties - Membranes
Membrane Media Material Pore Size (µm) Diameter (mm) Rectangular Brand Name
Track-Etched Polyester - 0.2, 0.4, 1.0 25 - Cyclopore
Membranes Polyethylene Nuclepore
terephthalate
Polycarbonate - 0.015, 0.03, 0.05, 0.08, 13, 25, 37, 8 x 10 mm

(4, 4 hydroxydiphenyl-2, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 47, 50, 76, 19 x 42 mm
2’-propane) 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 8.0, 90, 142 25 x 80 mm

10.0, 12.0 8" x 10"
Cellulose Cellulose Nitrate 0.45, 0.8, 1.0, 3.0, 25, 47, 90 - -
Membranes 5.0, 6.0
Mixed Cellulose Esters - 0.22, 0.45, 0.65, 0.8, 13, 25, 47, 19 x 42 mm Membra-Fil
Mixed Esters (Cellulose 1.2, 3.0, 5.0 90, 142 Whatman Brand
Acetate and Nitrate)
Nylon Polymer 0.2, 0.45, 0.8 13, 25, 47, - -
(Hexamethylene- 90
diamine; Nylon 66)
PTFE Polytetrafluoro 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 25, 47 - -
-ethylene
Polypropylene Polypropylene 0.2, 0.45, 1.0 25, 47, 90 - -
Anopore Aluminum Oxide 0.02, 0.1, 0.2 13, 21, 43 - Anopore
Anodisc
PES Polyether Sulfone 0.8 47 - -
Anopore® Inorganic Membranes

The Anopore inorganic membrane is ideal for a wide range of laboratory filtration applications. This unique
material has a precise, non-deformable honeycomb pore structure with no lateral cross overs between
individual pores, that filters at precisely the stated cut-off, allowing no larger sized particles to pass
through the membrane. The Anopore inorganic membrane is composed of a high-purity alumina
matrix that is manufactured electrochemically. The membrane also exhibits low protein binding, has
minimal autofluorescence, is non-toxic and supports cellular growth.
The precise pore structure and narrow pore size distribution of the Anopore membrane ensure a high level of particle
removal efficiency. Microorganisms and particulate material are captured on the surface of the membrane for subsequent
analysis by light or electron microscopy. When wet, the membrane is virtually transparent, which means that retained
particles do not need to be transferred to another surface before microscopic examination.
Anopore Inorganic Membranes 67

The membrane is hydrophilic and is compatible with most

solvents and aqueous material. No monomers, plasticizers,
adhesives, surfactants or wetting agents are used in
the manufacturing process, which eliminates sample
contamination and ensures low protein binding and
minimal loss of sample.
The Anopore membrane is supplied in the form of Anodisc

membrane filters. The membrane is peripherally bonded
to an annular polypropylene ring (except the 13 mm
diameter disc) for ease of handling and is suitable for
both vacuum and pressure filtration.
Anopore is available in 3 nominal pore sizes: 0.02 µm,

0.1 µm and 0.2 µm and in 3 diameters: 13 mm, 25 mm
and 47 mm.

• High pore density and narrow pore size distribution
make it an extremely precise membrane
• Wide solvent compatibility reduces the need to stock
a variety of membranes in the laboratory
• No additives used in the manufacturing process ensures
minimal extractables and no sample contamination
• Extremely low protein binding minimizes sample loss
• Virtually transparent when wet making it ideal for
microscopy studies
Applications
• HPLC mobile phase filtration and degassing Anodisc Pore Structure
• Ultra cleaning of solvents
• Gravimetric analysis
• Liposome extrusion
• Scanning electron microscopy studies
• Bacterial analysis by epifluorescence light microscopy
• Micrometer and nanometer filtration
• Metal nanorods formation
68 Anopore Inorganic Membranes

Typical Data - Anopore Inorganic Membranes
Anodisc 13 Anodisc 25 Anodisc 47
Average Membrane Thickness 60 µm 60 µm 60 µm
Membrane Diameter 13 mm 21 mm 43 mm
Membrane Type Anopore aluminum oxide Anopore aluminum oxide Anopore aluminum oxide
Support Ring Material None Polypropylene Polypropylene
Construction Process None Thermal weld Thermal weld
Protein Adsorption Low Low Low
Burst Strength 65–110 psi 65-110 psi 65-110 psi

Maximum Service Temp 400° C 40° C 40° C
Porosity 25-50% 25-50% 25-50%
Autoclavable Yes No No
Refractive Index 1.6 1.6 1.6
Ordering Information - Anopore Inorganic Membranes

Diameter Membrane Pore Size Catalog Hydrophilic Protein Solvent Quantity/Pack
(mm) (µm) Number Binding Resistance
13 Anodisc 13* 0.02 6809-7003 Yes Low Very Good 100
25 Anodisc 25 0.02 6809-6002 Yes Low Very Good 50
* No support ring
Anopore Inorganic Membranes 69

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Filter Papers and Membranes:

Take a Whatman filter paper, run

Filter Papers and Membranes

The different groups of filter paper types offer increasing

Typical Properties - Cellulose Filters

Filter Papers and Membranes

Ash is determined by ignition of the cellulose filter at 900˚ C in air

Trace Elements - Typical Values

Qualitative Filter Papers

In addition, Whatman offers a range of wet strengthened

Qualitative Filter Papers - Standard Grades

Filter Papers and Membranes

Grade 591: 7-12 µm

Grade 520 a: 15-18 µm

Grade 595: 4-7 µm

Grade 597: 4-7 µm

Grade 598: 8-10 µm

* German law for food and consumer products

Typical Properties - Qualitative Filter Papers

Ordering Information - Qualitative Standard Filter Circles

Filter Papers and Membranes

Ordering Information - Qualitative Standard Filter Paper Circles

** Grade 3612 - Black

Ordering Information - Qualitative Filter Paper Sheets

Ordering Information - Qualitative Standard Filter Paper Sheets

These extremely strong filter papers have a high wet strength

Filter Papers and Membranes

Grade 520 bII: 15-19 µm

Grade 2294: 8-15 µm

Grade 2589 a: 6-12 µm

Grade 2589 c: 4-8 µm

Grade 2589 d: 2-6 µm

Grade 2411: 9-11 µm

Qualitative Filter Papers - Student Grade/Grade 93

Ordering Information - Qualitative Wet Strengthened Filter Circles

Filter Papers for General Laboratory Analyses

Grade 0858: 7–12 µm

Filter Papers and Membranes

Grade 0903: 4-7 µm

Grade 0905: 12-25 µm

Typical Properties - Qualitative Wet Strengthened Filter Papers

Ordering Information - Shark Skin Filter Circles

Ordering Information - Shark Skin Filter Sheets

Qualitative Filter Papers - Folded (Prepleated Grades)

• Savings in time required to quadrant-fold circles to fit

Filter Papers and Membranes

Quantitative Filter Papers

• Ashless: 0.007% ash maximum - very pure filters ideal

Quantitative Filter Papers - Ashless Grades (Ash 0.007%)

Grade 41: 20-25 µm

Grade 42: 2.5 µm

Grade 589/1: 12-25 µm

Filter Papers and Membranes

Quantitative Filter Papers - Hardened Low Ash Grades (Ash 0.015%)

Grade 50: 2.7 µm

* German law for food and consumer products

Grade 54: 20-25 µm

Quantitative Filter Papers - Hardened Ashless Grades (Ash 0.006%)

Grade 541: 20-25 µm