Name: ______________________________________ Date: ________________________

Circuits Student Exploration

Vocabulary: ammeter, circuit, current, electron, ohmmeter, Ohm’s law, parallel circuit,
resistance, resistor, series circuit, voltage

Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)

Strings of holiday lights can be designed in one of two ways. In some strings of lights, each light
is connected to the others along a single wire (in series). In others, each light is attached to its
own wire (in parallel).

1. Suppose a single light bulb burns out. How do you think this will affect lights that are strung

along a single wire? _________________________________________________________

2. How will a single burned-out bulb affect the string of lights if each light is attached to its own

wire? ________________________________________________________________

Gizmo Warm-up
The Circuits Gizmo shows a circuit board and a variety of
components. Create a circuit with a battery, a light switch, a wire,
and a light bulb, as shown. (Click the light switch to turn it to OFF.)

1. Click the light switch to turn it to ON. What happens? ________

__________________________________________________

2. Turn on Show current and select Electron flow. The moving dots represent a current of
electrons—tiny, negatively charged particles—moving through the wire. Voltage is a
measure of how much more potential energy an electron at one end of a battery has than an
electron at the other end of the battery.

A. How does changing the battery’s voltage affect the current? __________________

___________________________________________________________________

B. How does changing the battery’s voltage affect the brightness of the light? _______

___________________________________________________________________

3. Remove the wire. What happens? _____________________________________________

2018
 Get the Gizmo ready:
Activity A:  Click Clear. Create the circuit shown at right.
(Use the 10-ohm resistor.)
Ohm’s law
 Click on the battery. Set the Selected battery
voltage to 10 volts.

Introduction: Resistors are devices that slow the flow of current in a wire. The resistance of
the circuit to current is measured in units called ohms.

Question: What is the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance?

1. Form hypothesis: How do you think increasing the resistance in a circuit will affect the

current in the wire? _________________________________________________________

2. Observe: Turn the light switch On to start the flow of current. An ammeter is a device that
measures current in Amperes (A). Drag the Ammeter ( ) to various parts of the circuit.

A. Is the current the same throughout, or does it change? _______________________

B. What is the current in the wire now? _______________________

3. Collect data: Measure the current in the circuit using the resistor and voltage combinations
given below.

Voltage Resistance Current

10 volts 10 ohms
20 volts 10 ohms
30 volts 10 ohms

Voltage Resistance Current

50 volts 20 ohms
50 volts 100 ohms
50 volts 200 ohms

2018
 Get the Gizmo ready:
Activity B:  Click Clear.
 Create a circuit as shown.
Series circuits
 Click the battery to select it. Set the
Selected battery voltage to 10 volts.

Question: In a series circuit, there is only one path for charge to flow. What are the
properties of series circuits?

1. Observe: Turn the light switch ON and observe the light bulb. Then start replacing the wire
segments with new light bulbs.

A. How does each new light bulb affect the others? ____________________________

B. Use the Ammeter to measure the current in various parts of the circuit. Is the current

the same throughout, or does it change? __________________________________

2. Form hypothesis: How do you think the total resistance of a series circuit is calculated?

_________________________________________________________________________

3. Experiment: Create a series circuit with a 10-volt battery and

four 10-ohm resistors, as shown. Measure the current.

A. Based on the voltage and current, what is the resistance

of the circuit? (Hint: Use Ohm’s law.) _______________

B. Ohmmeters measure resistance. Remove the battery and attach the terminals of the
Ohmmeter ( ) to the ends of the circuit, where the battery used to be attached.

What is the resistance? __________

4. Make a rule: How do you calculate the total resistance of a series circuit? ______________

2018
 _________________________________________________________________________

Test your rule using the Gizmo. If necessary, modify your rule.

5. Extend your thinking: Replace the battery. Turn on Show current, and remove one resistor.
Why would it be a problem if your household appliances were connected in a series circuit?

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

2018
 Get the Gizmo ready:
Activity C:  Click Clear.
 Create a circuit as shown.
Parallel circuits
 Click the battery to select it. Set the
Selected battery voltage to 15 volts.

Question: In a parallel circuit, there is more than one path along which charges can flow.
What are the properties of parallel circuits?

1. Observe: Turn the light switch ON and observe the light bulb. Then add two more light bulbs
to the circuit, parallel to the first two.

A. How does each new light bulb affect the others? ____________________________

B. Use the Ammeter to measure the current in various parts of the circuit. Is the current

the same throughout, or does it change? Explain: ___________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2. Form hypothesis: How do you think the total resistance of a parallel circuit is calculated?

_________________________________________________________________________

3. Experiment: With the battery voltage set to 15 volts, measure the current in a parallel circuit
with 1, 2, 3, and 4 light bulbs. (In each case, place the ammeter next to the battery.) Use
Ohm’s law to calculate the total resistance of the circuit. Record results below.

Number of light bulbs 1 2 3 4

Voltage 15 volts 15 volts 15 volts 15 volts
Current
Total resistance

4. Make a rule: How would you find the resistance of a parallel circuit with n identical resistors?

_________________________________________________________________________

A.

2018