Translated from Portuguese to English - www.onlinedoctranslator.

com

INTRODUCTION

Currently, the famous and powerful Internet is nothing less than a cluster of millions and
millions of computers, interconnected by the TC/IP protocol (the famous IP address), which at
the same time allows access and data transfer.
Today, it has a wide variety of features and services, not forgetting documents interconnected
through World Wide Web (WWW) connections, and the infrastructure to support large
electronic mails, and services such as instant communication and file sharing.
The present work has as main objective to talk about the internet, knowing how it came about,
the types of networks, effects and consequences, advantages and disadvantages. In order to
carry out this work, exploratory research was used in Manuel Básico de Informática in the title
that said the basic aspects of the subject in summary.
INTERNET

The Internet is a global network that connects millions of computers around the world, of
various types and sizes, brands and models and with different operating systems. So, simply put,
it's an easy and inexpensive way to get distant computers to communicate.
Despite having astoryrelatively short, the Internet reveals itself as a great factor of
communication, social integration, storage of information of all kinds and globalization of
products.
Thus, the Internet is made up of common computers and other, special ones, servers, high-
capacity machines with great processing power and fast connections, controlled by universities,
companies and government agencies.

HOW IT ARISED
Without a doubt, the internet has revolutionized the world of computers and communication like
no other invention has been able to do. The history of the internet begins in 1962, where
communism made great opposition and strength to the United States, so the Americans decided
to create a military communication network that was strong enough to withstand a nuclear
attack. The concept of this revolutionary idea was based on a decentralized system, which
allowed the network to work even with the destruction of one or more machines.
One of the main creators and developers of the Internet was Paul Baran, who had the idea of
creating a network in the form of a gigantic screen, analyzing the centralized system that had
great vulnerability, because with the destruction of its core, communication would be
impossible, so he opted for the hybrid network of star architectures with meshes, making the
information travel dynamically.
The mechanism used was as follows, the "data" would move dynamically through the network,
"searching" for the path that is less overloaded, where they "wait" if all paths are overloaded,
this being the technology called "Packet Switching ”.
It was in August 1969 that the so-called ARPANET (Advance Research Projects Agency)
entered into military activity, with the aim of linking four universities to increase
communication between the US force. The ARPANET network was largely responsible for the
Internet we have today, as it had some fundamental characteristics that today's network also has,
such as: basic protocols, communication between machines in a decentralized way, and one or
more "nodes" in the network. network could be removed without damaging its functioning.
It was in the early 1970s that other universities and other defense departments were granted
permission to connect to the network, that is, the ARPANET. However, to everyone's surprise,
by the end of the 70's the ARPANET had already expanded rapidly, which forced the protocol
switch to the TCP/IP protocol.
It was only in the 1980s that the term internet began to be used and that it became a means of
communication, and in order to make life easier for network users and researchers for sharing
research, the World Wide Web was soon developed, which At first, it didn't have many images,
but many texts.
In 1992, the first internet browser, Mosaic, was created, which had a more user-friendly
interface and provided browsing through links and images. And so the internet has been
developing and improving, and the result is this worldwide success with the presence of
companies and thousands of active users daily.

TYPES OF INTERNET NETWORKS

In the context of computing, a network consists of several processors that are interconnected
and share resources with each other. Before, these networks existed mainly inside offices (local
area network), but over time the need to exchange information between these processing
modules increased, giving rise to several other types of networks. Understand what some of the
main types of computer networks mean.

LAN - Local Network

The so-called Local Area Networks, or Local Networks, interconnect computers present within
the same physical space. This can happen within a company, a school or within your own home,
making it possible to exchange information and resources between participating devices.

MAN - Metropolitan Network

Let's imagine, for example, that a company has two offices in the same city and wants the
computers to remain interconnected. For this there is the Metropolitan Area Network, or
Metropolitan Network, which connects several Local Area Networks within a few tens of
kilometers.

WAN - Long Distance Network

The Wide Area Network, or Long Distance Network, goes a little further than MAN and
manages to cover a larger area, such as a country or even a continent.

WLAN – Wireless Local Area Network

For those who want to do away with cables, WLAN, or Wireless Local Area Network, may be
an option. This type of network connects to the internet and is widely used in both residential
and business environments and in public places.

WMAN - Wireless Metropolitan Network

This is the wireless version of MAN, with a range of tens of kilometres, making it possible to
connect networks of offices within the same company or university campuses.
WWAN – Wireless Wide Area Network
With even greater reach, WWAN, or Wireless Wide Area Network, reaches many parts of the
world. Precisely because of this, WWAN is more subject to noise.

SAN – Storage Area Network

SANs, or Storage Area Networks, are used to communicate between a server and other
computers, being restricted to that.

PAN - Personal Area Network

PAN-type networks, or Personal Area Networks, are used for devices to communicate within a
very limited distance. An example of this are Bluetooth and UWB networks.

EFFECTS OF INTERNET USE

The way we deal with information on the Internet and the possibility of quick access to different
contents influences the way people think. More than that, it changes our standard biological
functioning. Following the natural course of evolution, our brains are preparing us to function
like cyborgs.
It's not science fiction talk: the changes that technology causes in the functioning of the human
mind and body are seriously studied by researchers in areas such as anthropology and
psychiatry. Some feel that the Internet makes us think faster and non-linearly; others, more
pessimistic, say that technology is making us addicted to stimuli and incapable of processing
large blocks of information, and recommend more calm.

CONSEQUENCES
The Internet came to revolutionize the way of thinking in our society. However, as this need to
use the internet becomes something uncontrollable, we end up becoming increasingly dependent
on it, and we become alienated from it. This alienation caused by the Internet is perhaps the
main evil.
As we all know, young people are the main users of the internet. These are largely responsible
for the widespread globalization and use of this means of communication in society. They entail
several problems and consequences that it brings to our personal and social life.
Crimes, addictions, alienation: the internet is treacherous in our lives. We need to know how to
use it, at the exact time and in the exact way, as we can end up becoming dependent on it as
much as an alcoholic depends on alcohol or even a drug addict who cannot live without drugs.
The problem is serious. We need to be aware of the evils that the internet causes us, in every
possible way, and we can use it as something essential, but never indispensable for our lives.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Benefits

knowledge culture
We could simply call it the democratization of education. Education is millenary, but it has
never been very democratic. The reason for this, among others, could be the difficulty of
communicating knowledge.
The internet solves that. It is clear that we live in the culture of knowledge. Governments and
educators urgently need to take advantage of the internet to build a broader educational model.

Convenience
One of the great advantages of the internet is convenience. It's fast, easy and just a few clicks
away. In a few minutes I can go to the bank, make a purchase, pay a bill, issue a document, talk
to several people, search for that recipe, among other things. People share what they like on
social networks, interact with other people and create an environment, albeit virtual, of healthy
coexistence with a very large number of people.

Social inclusion
Access to knowledge, convenience in obtaining services, research, among others. Due to the
free nature of most content, the internet provides unprecedented social and digital inclusion.
This inclusion also puts people in contact with others and in a very intuitive way people end up
learning new things all the time.

elimination of borders
I can go to the Louvre in Paris, look up information at the American Intelligence Agency, take a
look at the streets of Tokyo through Google Street View, watch videos produced in Jerusalem,
among others. We have never had this freedom and ease of movement around the globe, albeit
virtually.

generation of opportunities
In the past, large corporations, governments and systems controlled communication, business
and much of culture. But the internet has given people a voice and with an account on a social
network, a blog or a YouTube channel, many unknown people are asserting their ideas, doing
business, promoting culture and knowledge and generating income for many people. Making
money from the internet is one of the great opportunities that ordinary people have. This blog is
a beautiful example.

Disadvantages
Privacy
But not everything is advantageous on the internet. There is a downside that also needs to be
considered. Privacy is one of them. On the internet, many people are exposed and with this end
up being victims of scams, robberies and other crimes. Many complain about the lack of privacy
on social networks, among others. These are new times and new postures need to be taken.
Be careful when exposing on the internet: photos, videos and personal information such as
addresses, phone numbers, among others. This includes social media.

Anonymity and illegality

Many hide behind a supposed anonymity to commit crimes and diapers of the most diverse
types. There is a lot of illegality, small frauds are committed all the time and actions like these
show a bad side of the internet. We have already seen cases where large websites were targets
of justice and even a blocking of the Whatsapp messaging service in 2016. All this shows that
people use the internet to commit crimes, utter offenses and other illegal activities, using the
idea of anonymity.

superficial approach
Another disadvantage of the internet is the often superficial approach to the subjects presented.
This is not as serious a problem as those shown above, but it always leaves a hole. The approach
found on the web is different from the approach of a book, for example. The latter has a
beginning, middle and end. On the internet sometimes things are up in the air.

loss of focus
Another aspect that needs to be considered is that the internet is also a form of entertainment at
the same time that it is a work or study tool, for example. In this way, it is very easy to lose
focus on work or studies with the countless attractions that are just a click away. Staying
focused while using the internet has been a big challenge for many people and unfortunately
many fail to focus on what they should.

Costs and access difficulties

Finally, the biggest disadvantage of the internet may be the difficulty that many have to access
it. It is still very expensive and the quality leaves much to be desired. In some regions it is
difficult to get a broadband connection and when they do they are expensive and sometimes
bad.

WAYS OF INTERNET CONNECTION

There are basically three ways to access the internet:
Dial-up access:Access via the conventional telephone line (also called Dial-Up access),
producing a very low access speed and a high cost.
Broadband access (ADSL):Access through modern equipment (modems) using the telephone
cable and not the line itself, this provides a very good access speed and a low cost.
Private or Corporate Network Access:Access via an existing network (intranet).

CONCLUSION
Based on what was mentioned above, we saw that the internet is the most advanced
technological invention and that it brings the most benefits to our current society. It is the fastest
communication vehicle that transforms the world into a global village. It is also on the internet
that today's world has more time spent, both at work and in leisure activities.
It is on the Internet that we locate any part of the globe at a “click” distance, or a photo, a song,
a movie, or anything that our imagination can create and or think about. With the help of the
internet, we can also know what is happening in the world in real time and communicate in the
same way, in a short period of time. On the Internet there is a lot of information from all over
the world, available from home, or from a public place where we can access the Internet.
The Internet can be compared to a cultural center, in which there is room for all kinds of things:
leisure, culture, work, education, information, politics, humour, etc. As it should be, this
technological monster does not only bring us benefits, it is also a vehicle for a series of harms,
which can cause us inconvenience in the most diverse ways.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
_______________ Internet basics. Available
in:https://primat2009.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/nocoes-basicas-de-internet.pdf. Accessed on
June 26, 2017