DIFFERENTIATION

Total No. of questions in Differentiation are-

In Chapter Examples 31
Solved Examples 32

Total No. of question ....................................... 63

1. INTRODUCTION 3. DIFFERENTIAL COEFFICIENT OF SOME STANDARD
The rate of change of one quantity with respect FUNCTION
to some another quantity has a great importance. The following results can easily be established
For example the rate of change of displacement using the above definition of the derivative–
of a particle with respect to time is called its
d
velocity and the rate of change of velocity is (i) (constant) = 0
dx
called its acceleration.
d
The rate of change of a quantity 'y' with respect (ii) (ax) = a
dx
to another quantity 'x' is called the derivative or
differential coefficient of y with respect to x. d
(iii) (xn) = nx n–1
dx
2. DIFFERENTIAL COEFFICIENT d
(iv) ex =ex
dx
Let y = f(x) be a continuous function of a variable
quantity x, where x is independent and y is d
(v) (ax) = ax logea
dx
dependent variable quantity. Let  x be an arbitrary
d
small change in the value of x and  y be the (vi) (logex) = 1/x
dx
corresponding change in y then x0 lim y if it exists, d
x 1
(vii) (logax) =
is called the derivative or differential coefficient of y dx x log a
with respect to x and it is denoted by
dy d
. y', y1 or Dy.. (viii) (sin x) = cos x
dx dx
dy lim y d
So, = x0 (ix) (cos x) = – sin x
dx x dx
dy f ( x  x)  f ( x) d
 lim
= x0 (x) (tan x) = sec2x
dx x dx
The process of finding derivative of a function is d
(xi) (cot x) = – cosec2x
called differentiation. dx
If we again differentiate (dy/dx) with respect to x d
(xii) (secx)= secx tan x
then the new derivative so obtained is called dx
second derivative of y with respect to x and it is d
Fd y I 2 (xiii)
dx
(cosec x) = – cosec x cot x
denoted by G Jor y" or y or D2y. Similarly,,
Hdx K 2 2
(xiv)
d
(sin–1 x) =
1
, –1< x < 1
we can find successive derivatives of y which dx
1  x2
may be denoted by d 1
3 4 n (xv) (cos–1 x) = – ,–1 < x < 1
d y d y d y dx
, , ........, , ...... 1  x2
d x3 d x4 d xn d 1
(xvi) (tan–1 x) =
y dx 1  x2
Note : (i) is a ratio of two quantities y and d
x 1
(xvii) (cot–1 x) = –
dy dx 1  x2
x where as is not a ratio, it is a single
dx d 1
dy (xviii) (sec–1 x) = |x| > 1
quantity i.e.  dy÷ dx dx x x2  1
dx
d 1
dy d (xix) (cosec–1 x) = –
(ii) is ( y) in which d/dx is simply a symbol dx
dx dx x x2  1
of operation and not 'd' divided by dx. d
(xx) (sinh x) = cosh x
dx

53
 d Theorem V Derivative of the function of the function.
(xxi) (cosh x) = sinh x If 'y' is a function of 't' and t' is a function
dx
d of 'x' then
(xxii) (tanh x) = sech2 x dy dy dt
dx
= .
d dx dt dx
(xxiii) (coth x) = – cosec h2 x Theorem VI Derivative of parametric equations
dx
d If x =  (t) , y =  (t) then
(xxiv) (sech x) = – sech x tanh x
dx
d dy dy / dt
(xxv) (cosech x) = – cosec hx coth x =
dx dx d x / dt

d 1 Theorem VII Derivative of a function with respect to

(xxvi) (sin h–1 x) = another function If f(x) and g(x) are two
dx 1  x2
functions of a variables x, then
d 1
(xxvii) (cosh–1 x) = , x > 1
dx d f ( x)
x2  1 =
d
f ( x) /
d
[ g ( x)]
d 1 d g ( x) dx dx
(xxviii) (tanh–1x) =
dx 1 x2
d 1 dy dx
(xxix) (coth–1 x) = 2 , |x| > 1 Theorem VIII . = 1
dx x 1 dx dy

d 1 Differential coefficients
(xxx) (sech–1 x) = – , (0< x < 1)
dx 2
x 1 x Ex.1 If  (x) = x3 + 3x2 + 2x + 1, then the value
d 1
(xxxi) (cosech–1 x) = – , x0 of  '(0) is–
dx
| x| x 2  1
(A) 0 (B) 1
d
(xxxii) (eax sinb x) = eax (a sinb x+b cos bx) (C) 2 (D) –1
dx
Sol.   ' (x) = 3x2 + 6x + 2
= 2
a b 2 eax sin (bx + tan–1 b/a)
  ' (0) = 3.02 + 6.0+ 2 = 2 Ans.[C]
d
(xxxiii) (eax cosb x) = eax (a cosb x–b sinb x)
dx d2 y
Ex.2 If y = cos x + sin 2x , then equals–
= a 2  b2 eax cos (bx + tan–1 b/a) d x2
(A) cos x –4 sin 2x (B) –cos x –4 cos 2x
4. SOME THEOREMS ON DIFFERENTIATION (C) – cos x –4 sin 2x (D) sin x – 4 sin 2x
Sol. dy/dx = – sin x + 2 cos 2 x.
d
Theorem I [kf(x) ]= k d/dx [f(x)], where k is a d2 y
dx
 = – cos x – 4 sin 2x Ans.[C]
constant d x2
d Ex.3 The differential coefficient of (x–1) (x–2) (x–3) is–
Theorem II [f (x)  f 2(x)  f 3 (x)  ....]
dx 1 (A) 5x2 – 12x –11 (B) 3x2 –12x+ 11
= d/dx [f 1(x)]  d/dx [f 2(x)] ..... (C) 3x2 + 12x + 11 (D) 3x2 + 2x – 11
d Sol. d/dx (x–1)(x–2)(x–3) =d/dx (x 3– 6x2 + 11x–6)
Theorem III [f(x).g(x)] = 3x2 – 12 x + 11 Ans.[B]
dx
= f(x) d/dx [g(x)] + g(x) d/dx [f(x)]
Ex.4 F
If y = log x  x2  a2
H IKthen dy/dx equals–
Theorem IV
x 1
d L
Mf ( x) O g ( x) d / dx [f ( x)]  f ( x) d / dx g( x) (A) 2
x a 2 (B)
Ng( x) P
x2  a 2
dx Q= g( x)
2
1 1
(C) (D)
x x2  a 2 x2  a 2
 x sin x
Sol. dy/dx =
F
H
1
.
d
x  x 2  a2 IK Ex.8 The differential coefficient of
1 cos x
is –
F
H x x a I
K 2 2 dx
x  sin x x  sin x
(A) (B)
1 F 2x I 1  cos x 1  cos x
=
F G
G1 JJ x  sin x x  sin x
x x a I H 2 x a K
2 2 2 2 (C) (D)
H K (1  cos x) 2 (1  cos x) 2
F
G x sin x I
=
1
x2  a 2
Ans.[B] Sol. d/dx
H1 cos x JK=
b1  cos xgbsin x  x cos xgb x sin xgb0  sin xg
Ex.5 If y = 1+
x2
+
x3
+ .....then dy/dx equals–
b1  cos xg 2

2! 3! sin x b1  cos xg x cos x  x e

cos x  sin xj 2 2
(A) y – x – 1 (B) y + x – 1 =
(C) y + x (D) y – x b1  cos xg 2

Sol. x
y = e – x
=
bx  sin xgb1  cos xg= x  sin x Ans.[B]
 dy/dx = ex – 1
= y + x – 1
b1  cos xg 2 1  cos x
Ex.9 The differential coefficient of
Ans.[B]
log tan (x/2 +  / 4 ) is –
(A) cosec x (B) cos x
d2 y (C) sec x (D) sin x
Ex.6 If x = a sin t, y = a cos t then equals–
d x2 Sol. Let the given function be y then
(A) – 1/a cos3 t (B) – 1/a sec3 t
(C) –cos3 t (D) None of these 1 F
Gx I F 1I
 J. GJ
Sol.  dx/dt = a cost, dy/dt = – a sin t
dy/dx =
F
x  I sec2 H2 4 K H2 K
dy / dt
tan G
H JK

2 4
 dy/dx = = – tan t 1
dx / dt
d2 y
=
Fx I Fx  I
2 sin G Jcos G J

d x2
= d/dt (– tan t) .
dt H2 4 K H2 4 K
dx
1
= – sec2 t . = – 1/a sec3 t 1 1
= = = sec x
a cos t
F
G I cos x

Ex.7 The derivative of tan xº is –

Ans.[B] sin
2H JK
x
Ans.[C]

F
G  I F  I
(A) H180 JKcos x 2 G
H JK
(B) 180 sec2 x Ex.10 The derivative of sin–1 x with respect to x2 is–

F IJcos xº
(C) G
F IJsec
(D) G
1 1
H180 K 2
H180 K 2 xº (A)
x 1  x2
(B)
2 1  x2

F I
tan xº = tan G Jx (C)
1
(D) 
1
Sol.
H180 K 2 x 1  x2 1  x2
[  180º =  ] 1
d d 2
F
G  I Sol. (sin–1 x) = , (x ) = 2x
H180 JKx .
 dx 1 x 2 dx
 d/dx [tan xº] = sec2
180 d sin 1
x d d 2
F
G  I = (sin–1 x) / (x )
H180 JKsec
 2
= 2 xº Ans.[D] d( x ) dx dx
1
= Ans.[C]
2 x 1  x2
55
 5. METHODS OF DIFFERENTIATION Ex.12 The differential coefficient of
sin (x+y) = log (x+y) is–
5.1 Differentiation of Implicit functions
(A) 1 (B) – 1
If in an equation, x and y both occurs together (C) 2 (D) 3
i.e. f(x,y) = 0 and this equation can not be solved
Sol. sin (x+y) – log (x+y) = 0
either for y or x, then y (or x) is called the implicit
function of x(or y). L
cosb
M x  yg
1 O
x yP

For example x3+y3+3axy+c = 0, x y+yx = ab etc.
Working rule for finding the derivative 
dy
dx
= – M
M 1 P
P= – 1
First Method: M
cos( x  y ) 
N xyPQAns.[B]
(i) Differentiate every term of f(x,y) = 0 with
dy
respect to x. Ex.13 If xy + yx = ab then equals–
dx
(ii) Collect the coefficients of dy/dx and obtain
the value of dy/dx. yx y 1  y x log y x y log x  x. y x 1
(A) (B) 
x y log x  xy x 1 y. x y 1  log y y x
Second Method : If f (x,y) = constant, then
yx y 1  y x log y
dy  f /  x (C) – y (D) None of these
= x log x  xy x 1
dx f / y
f f Sol. Here f(x,y) = x y + yx – ab
W here and are partial differential So differentiating f(x,y) with respect to x
x y
coefficients of f(x,y) with respect to x and y keeping y constant , we get
respectively. f
= y x y–1 + yx log y
Note : Partial differential coefficient of f (x,y) with x
respect to x means the ordinary differential f
Similarly = xy log x + x.yx–1
coeffcient of f(x,y) with respect to x keeping y
y constant. f / x
Thus dy/dx = –
f / y
Differentiation of Implicit functions
yx y 1  y x log y
= – Ans.[C]
Ex.11 If x2 + y2 = 4x + 2y then dy/dx equals– x y log x  xy x 1
2x x2
(A) (B) Ex.14 If sin y = x sin (a+y) then dy/dx is–
y1 y 1
y 1 x sin (a  y) sin 2 ( a  y)
(C) (D) (A) 2 (B)
x2 y sin a sin a
sin a
Sol. Differentiating both sides with respect to x (C) (D) None of these
we get– sin 2 ( a  y )
dy dy Sol. sin y = x sin (a+y)
2x+ 2y = 4+ 2
dx dx
dy sin y
 2 (y–1) = 2 (2–x)  x =
dx sin (a  y)
dy 2x
 = differentiating the function with respect to y
dx y1
Short method : Writing the given equation as – dx sin(a  y) cos y  sin y cos(a  y)
=
f (x,y) = x2 + y2 – 4x –2y = 0 dy sin2 (a  y)
f f sin( a  y  y ) sin a
Now = 2x – 4, = 2y – 2 = =
x y sin 2
(a  y) sin 2 ( a  y )
dy  ( f /  x)
 = – dy sin 2 ( a  y)
dx ( f / y )  = Ans.[B]
2 ( x  2) 2x dx sin a
= = Ans.[A]
2 ( y  1) y1
5.2 Differentiation of logarithmic functions
(log x)sin
L
Mx
sin x O
 cos x log.log xP
In differentiation of an expression or an
equation is done after taking log on both x
Nx log x
sin x
Q
sides, then it is called logarithmic = x log ex + (logx)
differentiation. This method is useful for the L
M sin x O Ans.
 cos x log.log xP
function having following forms–
(i) W hen base and power both are the
Nx log x Q
d
functions of x i.e. the function is of the Ex.17 Find
dx
ex j . xx

form [f(x)]g(x).
y = [f(x)]g(x) Sol. Let y = x x x log y = xx log x
1 dy 1
log y = g(x) log [f(x)] y dx
= xx. + log x [ x x 1 log x ]
x
b g
1 dy d dy
. = g(x).log [f(x)] = x x x [x x–1+ log x {xx (1+log x)}]
y dx dx dx
dy d R
S
= [f(x)]g(x). dx g ( x) log f ( x)
U
V
Ans.

dx T W dy bx  agbx  bg
Ex.18 Find
dx
when y =
bx  pgbx  qg
Differentiation of logarithmic Sol. Taking log on both the sides
functions log y =
1
d 2
b g
log x  a  log( x  b)  log( x  p)  log( x  q)
Ex.15 Find x sin x.
1 L 1  1  1  1 O
dx
Let y = xsin x
1 dy
M P
Sol.
log y = sin x. log x

y dx
=
Nbx  ag bx  bg x  p x  q P
2 M Q
1 dy sin x dy 1
= + log x. cos x  =
y dx x dx 2

dy
= xsin x
L
sin x
M O
 log x.cos xP
bx  agbx  bgL
M 1

1

1

1 O
P

dx N x Q Nbx  ag bx  bg x  p x  q P
bx  pgbx  qgM Q
Short Method : Ans.
We can directly write the deviation of [f(x)g(x)] dy
as given above. Ex.19 If xy = yx, then find .
dx
d sin x L
M d O Sol. Taking log on both the sides, we get
Ndx sin x. log xP
sin x
dx
(x ) = x
Q y log x = x log y
L
sin x
M  log x cos xP
O  y log x – x log y = 0
=x sin x
N x Q dy
= –
f / x
= –
b g
y / x  log y
Ans.  log xx/y
dx f / y
Ex.16 The differential coefficient of (x) + (log x)sin x
x
y x log y  y
is – = . Ans.
x y log x  x
d
Sol. =
dx
[( x) x  (log x) sin x ] Ex.20 If f(x) = tan x tan x
tan x
b g
then find f'  / 4 .
tan x
d d Sol. Let y = f(x) = tan x tan x
= (x)x + (logx)sin x
dx dx log y = tan xtan x log tan x
d d
= xx (x log x) + (log x)sin x (sin x log. log x) 1 dy 1
dx dx = tan xtanx . . sec2 x + log tan
y dx tan x
= xx (1+ log x) +
x btan xg b1  log tan xg
tan x

57
 1
b g F
G1 xI
y
f'  / 4 = 2 (xvii)  / 4 –tan–1 x = tan–1 H1  xJK
 f' b
 / 4g
= 2 x 1 = 2 Ans. Some suitable substitutions
Function Substitution
(i) a 2  x2 x = a sin  or a cos 
5.3 Differentiation by trigonometrical
substitutions (ii) x 2  a2 x = a tan  or a cot 
Some times before differentiation, we reduce (iii) x = a sec  or a cosec 
x 2  a2
the given function in a simple form using
suitable trigonometrical or algebric ax
(iv) x = a cos 2 
transformations. This method saves a lot of ax
energy and time. For this following formulae
and substitutions should be remembered. a2  x 2
(v) x2 = a2 cos 2 
Formulae a2  x 2

(i) sin–1x + cos–1 x =  / 2 (vi) ax  x2 x= a sin2 

(ii) tan–1 x + cot –1x =  / 2 x

(vii) x = a tan2 
ax
(iii) sec–1 x + cosec–1 x =  / 2
x
(iv) sin–1 x  sin –1y = (viii) x = a sin2 
ax
L
M 2
sin–1 x 1  y  y 1  x
2 O
P bx  agbx  bg x = a sec 2
 – b tan2 
N Q (ix)
(v) cos–1x  cos–1 y = (x) bx  agbb  xg x = a cos2  + b sin2 
L O
N e1 x je1  y jP
M 2 2
cos–1 xy 
Q Differentiation of Trigonometrical
Lx  y O
 tan y = tan M
N1  xy P
(vi) tan–1x –1 –1 functions
Q
F I 2 Ex.21 Find derivative of sin–1 2x 1  x
2 F
H IK
(vii) 2 sin–1 x = sin H2x 1  x K
–1

(viii) 2 cos–1 x = cos–1 (2x 2 –1) Sol. Expression = 2 sin–1 x

F
G 2x I  derivative = 2/ 1  x2 Ans.
(ix) 2 tan–1x = tan–1 H1  x JK 2
FaxI
F 2x I F1  x I 2 Ex.22 Find derivative of tan–1 G
H1  ax JK
= sin–1 G J
H1  x K= 2cos G
H1  x JK
–1
2 Sol. Expression = tan–1 a + tan–1x
(x) 3 sin–1 x = sin–1 (3x – 4x3) 1
(xi) 3 cos–1 x = cos–1 (4x 3 –3x)  derivative = 0 + = 1/1+x 2
1  x2
F3x  x I 3 Ans.
(xii) 3 tan–1 x = tan–1 G
H1  3x JK 2
d Fx  x I 1
Ex.23 Find
dx
G
Hx  x JK
cos–1 1

tan–1 tan–1 tan–1 tan–1

(xiii) x + y + z =
Fx  1I 2

Fx  y  z  xyz I Sol. y = cos G

H1  x JK
–1
2
G
H1  xy  yz  zx JK F1  x I 2
(xiv) sin–1 (–x) = – sin–1x . =  – cos G J –1
(xv) cos–1(–x) =  – cos–1 x . H1  x K 2

(xvi) tan–1 (–x) = – tan–1 x or  – tan–1 x. =  – 2 tan–1x

dy
 2 2
dx = 0–2/1+x = – 2/1+x Ans.
 F1  x 2 I dy Flog ee / x jI 2

Ex.24 If y = cot–1 G
G
1
JJ then find .
Ex.28
G
If y = tan Glog ex J+
–1 J
H x K dx
H K 2

Sol. Putting x = tan  , we have

tan G
–1
F3  2 log xIJ then find dy

F
sec   1I F1 cos  IJ H1  6 log x K dx
.

y = cot–1 G
Htan  JK= cot G
Hsin  K –1 Flog e  log x I 2

y=tan G1  2 log x J
–1

cot–1 tan–1
Sol.
H K
= (cot  /2) =  /2 = 1/2 x.
+ tan G
F3  2 log x IJ
–1

dy
=
1
.
1
Ans.
H1  3 (2 log x) K
dx 2 1  x2 = tan–1 (log e) – tan–1 (2 log x) + tan–1 (3)
F
G cos x  sin x I dy + tan–1 (2 log x)
Ex.25 If y = tan–1
Hcos x  sin xJKthen find dx
.
= tan–1 (A) + tan–1 (3)
F
G1  tan x I dy
Sol. y = tan–1
H1  tan x JK 
dx
= 0 Ans.

= tan–1 tan (  / 4 +x)

5.4 Differentiation of infinite series
dy
 y = (  / 4 +x)  = 1. Ans. If y is given in the form of infinite series of x
dx
and we have to find out dy/dx then we remove
F x  1I F x  1I one or more terms, it does not affect the
Ex.26 If y = sec–1 G
Hx  1K Hx  1JK, then
J + sin G –1
series
dy
find . (i) If y = f ( x)  f ( x)  f ( x) ....  then
dx
F x  1I F x  1I  y = f ( x)  y  y2 = f(x) + y
Sol. Here y = cos–1 G
Hx  1KJ + sin G
Hx  1JK –1
dy
2y = f '( x)  dy / dx
dx
y =  / 2 (  sin—1x + cos–1x =  / 2 )
f '( x)
 dy/dx =
dy 2y  1
 = 0 Ans.
dx f ( x )....
(ii) If y = f ( x) f ( x) then y = f(x)y.
F
G 5ax I
Ha  6x JKthen find
dy
Ex.27 If y = tan–1 2 2 .  log y = y log [f(x)]
dx
F 5ax I
1 dy y. f '( x) F
Gdy I
Sol. y = tan G
Ha  6x JK
–1
2 2 y dx
=
f ( x)
+ log f(x) . Hdx JK
= tan G
F 5x / a IJ 
dy
=
y 2 f '( x)
–1
H1  6 x / a K 2 2 dx f ( x) 1  y log f ( x)

F 3 x  2x I (iii) If y = f ( x)

1 .....
G a JJ f ( x)  1

= tan G a
f ( x) 1
–1
F3 xIJF 2x IJ
f ( x)

G
H1  G
G Ha KG Ha JKJK then
dy
=
y f '( x)
.

= tan G
F3xIJ+ tan F2x I dx 2y  f ( x)
–1
Ha K G Ha JK
–1
Differentiation of Infinite series

Ex.29 If y = cos x  cos x  cos x..... then find

dy 3/a 2/a
 dx = + Ans.
F
G3xI
2
F2xI
2 dy
Ha JK G
Ha JK
1 1
.
dx
59
Sol. y = cos x  y
1 dy
 y2 = cos x + y Ex.31 If y = x
x 1 then equals–
x
1 dx
1
x
dy dy x  ......
 2y . = – sin x +
dx dx
y y
dy (A) (B)
 (2y–1) = – sin x 2y  x 2y  x
dx
y y
dy sin x (C) (D)
 = Ans. y  2x y  2x
dx 1  2y
dy y. 1
ax...... dy Sol. =
Ex.30 If y = ax then find . 2y  x
ax dx
dx
y dy y
Sol. y = axej log y = xy log a 
dx
=
2 y x
Ans.[A]

log log y = log x y + log (log a)

log log y = y log x + log ( log a)
1 1 dy y dy
log y
. y dx
= + log x . + 0
x dx
dy  1 
  log x  = y
dx  y log y  x
dy y 2 log y
= Ans.
dx x1  y log x log y 
 SOLVED EXAMPLES
sec x  tan x dy
Ex.1 If y = (1+x1/4) (1+x 1/2) (1–x 1/4), then dy/dx Ex.5 If y = ,then equals-
sec x  tan x dx
equals-
(A) 2 sec x (sec x – tan x)2
(A) –1 (B) 1 (B) – 2 sec x (sec x – tan x)2
(C) x (D) x (C) 2 sec x (sec x + tan x)2
Sol. y = (1+x1/2) (1–x 1/2) = 1– x (D) – 2 sec x( sec x + tan x)2
 dy/dx = –1 Ans.[A] sec x  tan x sec x  tan x
Sol. y = .
Ex.2 If x = a (  + sin  ), y = a (1–cos  ), then sec x  tan x sec x  tan x
dy/dx equals- = (sec x – tan x)2/ 1
(A) tan  (B) cot  dy
 = 2(sec x–tan x) (sec x tan x–sec2 x)
1 1 dx
(C) tan  (D) cot  = –2 sec x (sec x– tan x)2
2 2
Ans.[B]
dx dy
Sol. = a ( 1+ cos  ), = a sin  dy
d d Ex.6 If x 1 y + y 1 x = 0, then dx equals-
dy dy / d a sin  1
 = = = tan  1 1
dx dx / d a (1 cos ) 2 (A) (B) –
Ans.[C] b1  xg 2
b1  xg 2

Fe I x 1
If y = log G J, then dy/dx equals-
(C) (D) None of these
1  x2
Ex.3
He  1K x
Sol. Let us first express y in terms of x because
1 1 all alternatives are in terms of x. So
(A) (B)
ex  1 (e x  1) 2
x 1 y = –y 1 x
ex  1
(C) (D) None of these  x 2` (1+y) = y2 (1+ x)
ex  1
Sol. y = log ex – log (ex + 1)  x 2 –y2 + x2y–y2 x = 0
= x – log (ex + 1)  (x–y) (x+y+ xy) = 0
dy ex 1  x+y + xy = 0 (  x  y)
 = 1 – x = x Ans.[A]
dx e 1 e 1 x
 y = –
1 d2 y 1 x
Ex.4 If y = 2 , then equals-
x  a2 dx2

dy
= –
b1  xg1  x.1 = –
1
3x  a 2 2 2
3x  a 2 dx (1  x) 2
(1  x)2
(A) 3 (B) 4
ex  a j
2 2
ex  a j
2 2 Ans.[B]
dy
2 (3 x2  a 2 ) 2 (3 x2  a 2 ) Ex.7 If y = sin–1 sin x , then equals-
(C) 3 (D) 4 dx
ex  a j
2 2
ex  a j
2 2
2 sin x sin x
2
(A) (B)
dy 2 x d y 1  sin x 1 sin x
Sol. = 2  1 1
dx
ex  a j dx
2 2 2
(C)
2
1 cos ec x (D)
2
1 cos ec x
2

= –
ex  a j . 2  2x.2ex  a j.2x
2 2 2 2
Sol.
dy
=
1
.
1
. cos x
4 dx 1 sin x 2 sin x
ex  a j 2 2

1  sin x 1
2(3 x 2  a 2 ) = = 1 cos ec x
= Ans.[C] 2 sin x 2
3
ex  a j
2 2 Ans.[C]

61
Ex.8 If y = logx10, then the value of dy/dx equals- Sol. Taking log on both sides, we have
(A) 1/x (B) 10/x y log x + x log y = 0

(C) –
blog 10gx
2

(D)
1 Now using partial derivatives, we have
x loge 10 ( x loge 10) dy y / x  log y y y  x log y b g
loge 10 dx
= –
log x  x / y
= –
x x  y log x b g
Sol. y = logx 10 = Ans [D]
loge x
R
|S 1 . 1 U |V 1 Fy  x I ,then dy/dx equals-
2


dy
= loge 10
Ex.12 If x = e
tan
G
Hx JK 2
dx | blog xg x W
T | e
2

(A) x [1+ tan (log x)] + sec2 (logx)

= –
1 blog 10g e
2
(B) 2x [1 + tan (logx)] + x sec2 (logx)
x log 10 .
e blog xg e
2 (C)
(D)
2x [1+ tan (log x)] + x sec (log x)
None of these
= –
blog 10g
x
2

Ans.[C] Fy  x I 2
x loge 10 Sol. x = e tan 1
G
Hx JK 2
dy
Ex.9 If cos (xy) = x ,then is equal to - Taking logarithm of both the sides, we get
dx
y  cos ec ( xy) y  sin ( xy ) Fy  x I 2
(A)
x
(B)
x log x = tan –1 G
Hx JK 2

y  cos ( xy ) y  cos ec ( xy)

(C) (D)–  y = x2 + x 2 tan (log x)
x x
Sol.  cos (xy) – x = 0 1
 dy/dx = 2x+2x tan(log x) +x2 sec2(log x).
dy  y sin ( xy)  1 y  cos ec ( xy) x
 =– =–
dx  x sin ( xy) x = 2x [1+ tan (log x)] + x sec2 (log x).
Ans.[D] Ans.[B]
Ex.10 If x2 ey + 2xyex + 13 = 0, then dy/dx equals-
3 x  x3
Ex.13 If y = tan–1 , then dy/dx equals-
2xe y  x  2y( x  1) 2xe y  x  2y( x  1) 1  3 x2
(A)– (B)
x( xe y  x  2) x( xe y  x  2) (A) 3x (B) tan 3x
x y 3
2xe  2y( x  1)
(C) – (D) None of these (C) (D) 3 tan–1 x
x( xe  2) x y 1  x2
Sol. Let f(x,y) = x 2ey + 2xyex + 13 3 x  x3
Sol. y = tan–1 = 3 tan-1 x
dy f f 1  3 x2
 = – / dy 3
dx x  y
 = Ans.[C]
2xe y  2ye x  2xye x
dx 1  x2
= –
x2 e y  2xe x F
G 2x I dy
Dividing Numr and Denr by ex
Ex.14 If y = sin–1
H1  x JK, then
2
dx
equals-

dy 2xe y  x  2y ( x  1) 2x 2
= – Ans.[A] (A) (B)
dx e
x xe y  x  2 j 1 x 2
1  x2
dy
Ex.11 If xy yx = 1, then equals- 2x 2
dx (C) – 2
(D) –
1 x 1  x2
b
x y  x log y g b g
x x  y log y
y = 2 tan–1 x
b
(A) y x  y log x
g (B) –
yby  x log xg
Sol.

yb
y  x log yg
dy 2
yb
y  x log y g  =
dx 1  x2
(C) xb
x  y log xg (D) –
xb
x  y log xg Ans.[B]
 2x
1  x2  1  x2 dy Ex.17 If y = sin–1 , z = tan–1 x, then the
Ex.15 If y = tan –1 , then 1  x2
2
1 x  1 x 2 dx value of dy/dz is-
equals-
1 2
(A) 2 (B)
1 1 1 x 1  x2
(A) – (B) – (C) 2 (D) None of these
2 1  x2 1  x4
2x
x x Sol. y = sin–1 = 2 tan–1 x
(C) – (D) – 1  x2
1 x4 2 1  x4
dy 2x
F1  cos   1  cos  I 
dx
=
1  x2
Sol. y = tan–1 G
H1  cos   J, where
1  cos  K dz 1
and z = tan–1 x  =
dx 1  x2
x2 = cos  dy dy / dx 2 1  x2
= = . = 2
F
Gcos  / 2  sin  / 2 I

dz dz / dx 1  x2 1
= tan–1
Hcos  / 2  sin  / 2 JK Ans.[C]

F
G1  tan  / 2 I Ex.18 If y = sin x  sin x  sin x.....  , then
= tan–1
H1  tan  / 2 JK dy/dx equals-
= tan–1 [tan (  /4 +  /2)] =  /4+  /2 sin x cos x
(A) (B)
2y  1 2y  1
 1
= + cos–1 x 2 cos x
4 2 (C) (D) None of these
2y  1
dy 1 1 x Sol. Here y =
 = – . 2x = – sin x  y
dx 2 1 x 4
1 x4  y2 = sin x + y
Ans.[C]
dy dy dy cos x
Ex.16 If 1  x 2  1  y 2 = a (x–y), then the value  2y = cos x+  =
dx dx dx 2y  1
of dy/dx is- Ans.[B]

1  x2 1 y2 x dy
(A) (B) Ex.19 If y = .....  , then
1 y2 x dx
1  x2 a
x
b
1  x2 1 y2 x
(C) – (D) – a
1 y 2
1 x 2 b... 
Sol. Substituting x = sin  and y = sin  in the equals-
given equation, we get b a
(A) (B)
a (b  2 y ) b ( a  2y )
cos  +cos  = a (sin  – sin  )
a
    (C) (D) None of these
 2cos . cos = 2a cos . sin b ( b  2 y)
2 2 2 2
 x x (b  y )
 cot
2
= a   –  = 2 cot–1 a Sol. Here y =
a
x b g
= a b y x

 sin–1 x – sin–1 y = 2 cot –1 a by

Differentiating with respect to X, we get  aby + ay2 + xy = bx + xy
1 1 dy  ay2 + aby = bx
– = 0
2 2 dx dy dy
1 x 1 y  2ay + ab = b
dx dx
dy 1 y2 b
 = Ans.[B] dy
dx 1 x 2  =
dx a b  2y b g Ans.[A]

63
 x  ex ..... Sol. Taking logarithm of both the sides
Ex.20 If e xe , then dy/dx is -
log (a+bx) + y/x = log x
y y
(A) (B) Now differentiating with respect to x, we get
1 y y 1 dy
b x y
y 1
(C) (D) None of these + dx2 =
1 y a  bx x x
y = ex+y
Sol.
x
dy
– y = x2
a  bx  bx
=
F
ax
G IJ
 log y = x + y dx x (a  bx) ( a H
 bx) K
1 dy dy Again differentiating with respect to x, we get
 = 1 +
y dx dx d2 y dy dy ( a  bx) a  ax (b)
x 2
+ – =
dy y dx dx dx ( a  bx) 2
 = Ans.[C]
1 y
dx
d2 y F
G ax I
2
F dy I 2

x3
dx 2
=
Ha  bxJK = G
Hx dx  yJK
Ex.21 If x = a cos3 , y = a sin3 ,
Ans.[B]
Fdy I
1  G J equals-
2
L R
|S F |VO
IJ U 3 /4
then
Hdx K M
d log e x x  2
M G
H K P
P
(A) tan2  (B) sec2 
Ex.24
dx NT |x2 |
WQ
equals-

(C) sec  (D) | sec  | x2  1

(A) (B) 1
dy F
Gdy I
J F
dx I x2  4
Sol.
dx
= Hd K Hd J
/ G K (C)
x2  1
2 (D) ex
x2  1
x 4 x2  4
3 a sin2 , cos  Sol. Derivative
= = – tan 
2
3 a cos  sin  d L
M 3 O
P
log e x  {log( x  2)  log( x  2)}
 exp. = 1  tan 2   sec  Ans.[D]
=
dxN 4 Q
d L 3 O
=
dx N
M
x  {log( x  2)  log( x  2)} P
4 Q
3 F
Gx  2  x  2 IJK
sin 1 x dy 1 1
Ex.22 If y = , then (1–x2) equals-
4 H
2 dx = 1 +
1 x
(A) x + y (B) 1 + xy
3 4 x2  1
(C) 1 – xy (D) xy –2 = 1 + = Ans. [A]
4 x2  4 x2  4

Sol. From the given equation, we have

F
G2x  1I
y2 (1–x2) = (sin–1 x)2 Ex.25 If y = f Hx  1JKand f' (x) = sin
2
2 x, then dy/

dy sin 1 x dx equals-
 (1–x2) 2y – 2xy2 = 2
dx 1  x2
e j sin
2 1  x  x2 F
G2x  1I
Hx  1JK
dy 2
 2 (1–x2) y – 2xy2 = 2y (A) 2 2

2 dy
dx e1  x j 2

 (1–x ) = 1 + xy Ans.[B]
dx 2e 1 x  x j 2
F2 x  1I
2

(B) sin 2
G
Hx  1JK
2

Ex.23 If (a +bx)e y/x = x, then the value of x3

d2 y
is-
e1  x j 2

dx2
(C) sin G
F2x  1IJ
2
F
G
y
dy I
 xJ
2
F
G
x
dy I
 yJ
2
Hx  1K 2
(A)
Hdx K (B)
Hdx K (D) sin G
F2x  1IJ 2

(C) x
dy
– y (D) None of these Hx  1K 2
dx
 F2 x  1I d F 2 x  1I dy
Hx  1JKdx G Hx  1JK
dy
Sol.
dx
= f' G 2 2
and
d
= n secn  tan  + n cosn–1  sin 

= n tan  (secn  + cosn  )

F2 x  1I ex  1j2  (2x  1) 2x
2

= sin2 G J
Hx  1K ex  1j
2 .
2
2
= n tan  (secn   cos n ) 2  4

Ans.[A] = n tan  y2  4

dy n tan  y 2  4
Ex.26 If f(x) = |x–2| and g(x) = f[f(x)], then for  =
dx tan  x2  4
x > 20, g'(x) is equal to-
F
dy
G I 2
n2 ( y 2  4)
H JK
(A) 1 (B) –1
 dx = Ans.[C]
(C) 0 (D) None of these x2  4
Sol.  g(x) = f [f(x)] Ex.29 The value of the derivative of |x–1| + |x–3| at
x = 2 is-
= f {|x–2|}
(A) –2 (B) 0
= || x –2| –2|
(C) 2 (D) Not defined
But x> 20  |x–2| = x–2 Sol. When 1 < x  3,
 g(x) = |x –2–2| = x–4 f(x) = (x–1) – (x–3) = 2
 g'(x) = 1 Ans.[A]
 f' (2–0) = 0, f' (2+0) = 0
 f' (2) = 0 Ans.[B]
Ex.27 f(x) is a function such that f " (x) = – f(x) and Ex.30 If f(x) = logx (In x), then at x = e, f'(x) equals-
f ' (x) = g(x) and h(x) is a function such that (A) 0 (B) 1
h(x) = [f(x)]2 + [g(x)]2 and h(5) = 11, then (C) e (D) 1/e
the value of h (10) is-
Sol.   n x = loge x, so
(A) 0 (B) 1
log (log x)
(C) 10 (D) None of these f(x) = logx (logex) =
log x
Sol. h' (x) = 2f(x) f ' (x) + 2g(x) g'(x)
F I
H JK b g
1 1
= 2f(x) g(x) + 2g (x) f " (x) log x G
x log x
 log log x .
x
= 2f (x) g(x) – 2f (x) g(x)  f'(x) = 2
(log x)
= 0 [  f " (x) = –f(x)]
1/ e  01
 h(x) = c  f'(e) = = Ans.[D]
2
(1) e
 h(10) =h (5) = 11
1 Ans.[D]
Ex.31 The first derivative of the function
(sin 2x cos 2x cos 3x+log2 2x+3) w.r.t. x at
Ex.28 If x = (sec  – cos  ) and y = secn  – cosn  , x =  is -
Fdy I
then G J equals-
2 (A) 2 (B) –1
Hdx K Sol.
(C) –2 + 2 loge 2 (D) –2+ loge 2
Let y = sin 2x cos 2x cos 3x + log2 2x+3
y2  4 y2  4 1
(A) 2 2 (B) = sin 4x cos 3x + (x+3) log22
n ( x  4) n ( x2  4 ) 2
n2 ( y 2  4) 1
(C) (D) = [sin 7x + sin x] + x+ 3
x2  4 4
dx dy 1
Sol. Here = sec  tan  + sin   = [7 cos 7x + cos x] + 1
d dx 4
= tan  (sec  + cos  ) F
dy
G IJ 1
= tan  bsec   cos g  4 2
 dxHK x 
=
4
[7 cos 7  + cos  ] + 1

1
2 = [– 8]+ 1 = – 1 Ans.[B]
= tan  x 4 4

65
 Fsin
1 x I
Ex.32 If f(x) = cos–1 G
H x JK
2 + x , then at
x = 1, f ' (x) is equal to-
(A) 0 (B) 1/2 (C) –1/2 (D) 3/4
Fsin 1 x I
Sol. y = cos–1 G
H 2 + x
x JK
 1 x 
 
= cos–1 cos  2  2 + x
x
 

 1 x
=  + xx
2 2

dy 1 1
= 0 – × + xx (1 + log x)
dx 1 x 2
2
2

1 1
at x = 1 =– × + 1 (1 + 0)
1 1 2
2
2

1
= – + 1
4
= 3/4 Ans.[D]