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    Surfaces in Space: Sketching A Surface

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    Inshirah Aslam

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    Surfaces in Space: Sketching A Surface

    Uploaded by

    Inshirah Aslam
    30 views35 pages

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    Surfaces in Space: Sketching A Surface

    Uploaded by

    Inshirah Aslam

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 35

    10.

    6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.1 Sketching a Surface

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 1
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.1 Sketching a Surface

    Solution
    Since there are no x’s in the equation, the trace of the
    graph in the plane x = k is the same for every k.
    This is then a cylinder whose trace in every plane
    parallel to the yz-plane is the parabola z = y2.

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 2
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.1 Sketching a Surface

    Solution
    Draw the trace in the yz-plane and
    then make several copies of the
    trace, locating the vertices at
    various points along the x-axis.
    Finally, we connect the traces with
    lines parallel to the x-axis to give
    the drawing its three-dimensional
    look.
    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 3
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    Quadric Surfaces
    The graph of the equation

    in three-dimensional space (where at least one of a, b, c,


    d, e or f is nonzero) is referred to as a quadric surface.

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 4
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    Quadric Surfaces
    The most familiar quadric
    surface is the sphere

    of radius r centered at the


    point (a, b, c).
    A generalization of the sphere
    is the ellipsoid:

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 5
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.3 Sketching an Ellipsoid


    Graph the ellipsoid

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 6
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.3 Sketching an Ellipsoid


    Graph the ellipsoid
    Solution
    Draw the traces in the three
    coordinate planes:
    yz-plane (x = 0):

    xy-plane (z = 0):

    xz-plane (y = 0):

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 7
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.3 Sketching an Ellipsoid


    Graph the ellipsoid
    Solution

    We add the remaining two traces


    to obtain the plot of the ellipsoid.

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 8
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.3 Sketching an Ellipsoid


    Graph the ellipsoid
    Solution
    We could use technology to obtain this plot by solving
    for z and plotting the two functions

    We could also plot the parametric equations for this


    ellipsoid.

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 9
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.4 Sketching a Paraboloid


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 10
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.4 Sketching a Paraboloid


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface
    Solution
    Draw the traces in the three coordinate planes.
    yz-plane (x = 0):
    xz-plane (y = 0):
    xy-plane (z = 0):
    Consider traces in the planes z = k, k > 0.
    ( )
    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 11
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.4 Sketching a Paraboloid


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface
    Solution
    Putting the traces together, we get
    a surface called a paraboloid.
    Since the traces in planes parallel
    to the xy-plane are circles, this is
    called a circular paraboloid.

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 12
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.4 Sketching a Paraboloid


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface
    Solution
    Using technology to graph z = x2 + y2, we may need to
    adjust the ranges on the variables to obtain a reasonable
    graph.

    We may also use parametric equations for the


    paraboloid.

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 13
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.5 Sketching an Elliptic Cone


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 14
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.5 Sketching an Elliptic Cone


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface
    Solution
    Draw the traces in the three coordinate planes.
    yz-plane (x = 0): (lines)
    xz-plane (y = 0): (lines)
    xy-plane (z = 0): (point – origin)
    Consider traces in the planes z = k, k any real number.
    (ellipses)
    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 15
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.5 Sketching an Elliptic Cone


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface
    Solution
    Putting the traces together, we
    obtain the surface shown.
    Since the traces in planes
    parallel to the xy-plane are
    ellipses, we refer to this as an
    elliptic cone.

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 16
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.5 Sketching an Elliptic Cone


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface
    Solution
    We could use technology to obtain this plot by solving
    for z and plotting the two functions

    We could also plot the parametric equations for this


    elliptic cone.

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 17
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.6 Sketching a Hyperboloid of One Sheet


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 18
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.6 Sketching a Hyperboloid of One Sheet


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface
    Solution
    Draw the traces in the three coordinate planes.
    yz-plane (x = 0):

    xz-plane (y = 0):

    xy-plane (z = 0):
    Consider traces in the planes z = k, k any real number.
    (ellipses)
    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 19
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.6 Sketching a Hyperboloid of One Sheet


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface
    Solution
    Putting the traces together, we
    obtain the surface shown.
    We call this surface a
    hyperboloid of one sheet.

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 20
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.6 Sketching a Hyperboloid of One Sheet


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface
    Solution
    We could use technology to obtain this plot by solving
    for z and plotting the two functions

    We could also plot the parametric equations for this


    hyperboloid of one sheet.

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 21
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.7 Sketching a Hyperboloid of Two Sheets


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 22
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.7 Sketching a Hyperboloid of Two Sheets


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface
    Solution
    Draw the traces in the three coordinate planes.
    yz-plane (x = 0): (not possible)

    xz-plane (y = 0):

    xy-plane (z = 0):
    Consider traces in the planes x = k, k any real number.
    (ellipses for k2 > 4)
    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 23
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.7 Sketching a Hyperboloid of Two Sheets


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface
    Solution
    If k2 < 4, the equation
    has no solution.
    So, for −2 < k < 2, the surface
    has no trace at all in the plane
    x = k, leaving a gap that
    separates the hyperbola into
    two sheets; we call this surface
    a hyperboloid of two sheets.
    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 24
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.7 Sketching a Hyperboloid of Two Sheets


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface
    Solution
    We could use technology to obtain this plot by solving
    for z and plotting the two functions

    We could also plot the parametric equations for this


    hyperboloid of two sheets.
    (left half)
    (right half)

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 25
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.8 Sketching a Hyperbolic Paraboloid


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 26
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.8 Sketching a Hyperbolic Paraboloid


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface
    Solution
    Draw the traces in the three coordinate planes, k any
    real number.
    yz-plane (x = k):

    xz-plane (y = 0):

    xy-plane (z = 0):

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 27
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.8 Sketching a Hyperbolic Paraboloid


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface
    Solution
    We begin by drawing the
    traces in the xz- and yz-planes.
    Since the trace in the xy-plane
    is the degenerate hyperbola
    2y2 = x2, we draw the trace in
    several of the planes z = k.

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 28
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    EXAMPLE 6.8 Sketching a Hyperbolic Paraboloid


    Draw a graph of the quadric surface
    Solution
    For k > 0, the traces in z = k are
    hyperbolas opening toward
    the positive and negative y-
    direction and for k < 0, the
    traces are hyperbolas opening
    toward the positive and
    negative x-direction.

    We refer to this surface as a hyperbolic paraboloid.


    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 29
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    Summary of Quadric Surfaces

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 30
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    Summary of Quadric Surfaces

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 31
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    Summary of Quadric Surfaces

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 32
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    Summary of Quadric Surfaces

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 33
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    Summary of Quadric Surfaces

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 34
    10.6 SURFACES IN SPACE

    Summary of Quadric Surfaces

    © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Slide 35

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