History

Section-I:
 Reasons of Mughal Decline
 Why were British interested in the subcontinent?
 British Expansion 1750 – 1856
 Reformers
Section-II:
 Partition/Reversal of Bengal
 Why was Muslim League found?
 Why was Lucknow Pact signed?
 Khilafat Movement [Reasons of Failure]
 Why did Indians reject the Montague Chelmsford Reforms?
 Why did the Second Round Table Conference fail?
 Why was the Government of India Act 1935 opposed by Indians?
 Allama Iqbal/Chaudhary Rehmat Ali
 Congress Rule in relation with 1937 elections
 Why did Cripps Mission fail?
Section-III:
 Partition Problems/Solutions
 Why was Urdu chosen as the National Language?
 Why did Pakistan Support the Palestinian cause?
 Rulers 1947 – 1958
 Zia-ul-Haq’s Rule
 Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif’s rule
 Foreign relations with India, China, and Afghanistan.
 How successful was Pakistan as a member of the World Organization since 1947 – 99?
 To what extent the constitutions during 1949 – 73 successful?
 Why was East Pakistan separated as Bangladesh?
Geography
 Topography
 Forests/Fishing
 Agriculture
 Power Resources
 Secondary/Tertiary Industries
 Population
HISTORY
 Languages
 Shah waliullah
 Fall of mughals
 Failure of war of independence
 Simla deputation 1906
 Lucknow pact
 Failure of khilfat movement
 Government of India act 1935
 Elections of 1937
 Congress rule
 Pakistan Resolution
 Quit India Resolution
 Simla conference 1945
 Fall of Dhaka
 Zia ul haq
 Nawaz sharif
 USA
 India
 Afghanistan
 China

GEOGRAPHY
 Agriculture
 Transport
 Mineral resources
 Power resources
 Forest
 Fishing
 Population
Pakistan studies guess paper

History and culture of Pakistan

Section 1:
Reasons of decline of Mughals
Reformers: Who had the greatest impact on the revival of Islam
EIC: Why was it successful in extending its control
War of independence: causes
Languages: Why Urdu was chosen as the national language
Sir Syed: His contributions for the revival of Muslim community
Section 2:
Partition of Bengal how successful it was
Reasons of creation of AIML
1909-1919: which was the most important political development Minto Moreley, Lucknow pact,
Mont Ford, Rowlatt act
Khilafat movement: causes and reasons of failure
What was Simon report?
Why Muslims objected to Nehru report?
Why Jinnah produced 14 points
Reasons of failure of RTCs
Congress ministries reasons why they were hated so much
Cripps mission: why it failed?
Negotiations aimed at independence failed. Do you agree? Gandhi Jinnah talk, simla conference,
Cabinet Mission Plan
Section3:
Problems of partition
Who had more impact on Pakistan?khawaja Nazimmudin,Ghulam Muhammad,Iskander mirza
Ayub Khan: why he came into power and his policies
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto: reforms
Zia u Haq: his domestic and foreign policies
90’s:policies of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif, reasons why they couldn’t complete their tenures
Relations: UK, USA, China, India, Bangladesh, Palestine issue.
Environment of Pakistan

Topography: lifestyle and economy and the impact of relief and climate on lives of people.
Map work: cities, rivers, landforms(mountains, plateaus, deserts)provinces and neighbours
Climate: rainfall system mainly monsoon and western depressions(causes and impact),causes of
drought and their impact, causes of floods and their impact. Factors affecting the temperature
Water resources: traditional and modern methods of irrigation(mechanism, their advantages and
disadvantages
Big dams and small dams which are more feasible
Water logging and salinity
Siltation, difference between dams and barrages
Indus water treaty
Forests:
Types of forests, reasons of deforestation and its impact.
Minerals &Power resources:
Minerals of Pakistan, types of mining, problems and impact of mining on environment.
Thermal, HEP and renewable resources
Agriculture: wheat, sugarcane, rice, cotton: process and climatic condition required for their growth.
Different industries related to them and their role in Pakistan’s economy

Industries:
Cement, steel, cotton, sports, brick kilns, Sugar, tourism : processes, problems, solutions, factors
affecting the location and contribution to economy
Cottage and small scale industries
Secondary and tertiary industry examples, problems and solutions, telecommunication

Trade:
Balance of trade, Balance of Payment, major imports and exports and trading partners, dry ports,
sea ports, trading blocs

Transport:
Airports, railways, roads, motorways (networks, pros and cons)
Population: very very important chapter. grasp all the concepts.
 SECTION I
1- Compulsory Ques/on
a. East India Company
b. Mughal Empire
2- 4 Marks
a. What was Battle of Kanpur?
b. Who was Nana Sahib?
c. What was ‘Loyal Muhammadans of India’?
d. What was Hindi-Urdu controversy?
e. What was Two-Nation’s theory?
3- 7 Marks
a. Why did Shah Wali Ullah have such an influence on India?
b. What were reasons of Decline of Mughal empire?
c. How did British extend its control in India between 1750 and 1850?
d. Why did British attract to India after 1600?
e. Why did Indians not achieve independence in 1857?
f. Why did Sir Syed Ahmad Khan want to improve relations with Britain?
g. Why was Urdu chosen as National language of Pakistan?
4- 10/14 Marks
a. Who was the most important religious reformer?
b. Reasons of Decline of Mughal Empire?
c. How successful were British in extending their control between 1750 and 1850?
d. Causes of War of Independence.
e. Failures of War of independence.
f. Most important contribution of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan?

SECTION II
1- Compulsory Ques/on
a. Source A & B (Lahore Resolution)

2- 4 Marks
a. Swadeshi movement?
b. Jallianwala Bagh
c. Rowlatt; Act
d. Khilafat movement
e. Cabinet Mission Plan
 f. Ch. Rehmat Ali
g. Initial problems of Pakistan
3- 7 Marks
a. Why Bengal partitioned?
b. Why AIML established?
c. Why Lucknow Pact enacted?
d. Why Khilafat movement emerged?
e. Why khilafat movement failed?
f. Why Jinnah produce 14 points?
g. Why RTCs held?
h. Why RTCs unsuccessful?
i. Importance of Govt. of India Act 1935.
j. Why Govt. of India Act 1935 opposed?
k. Muslims objection to congress ministries.
l. Why Crips mission failed.
m. Why Gandhi-Jinnah talks failed.
4- 10/14 Marks
a. Reason of formation of M.L.
b. Most Important political development b/w 1909 and 1919.
c. Reasons of failure of Khilafat movement.
d. Most important political development from 1929 to 1947.
e. How successful were RTCs?
f. How successful were elections of 1937?
g. Muslims reasons of hatred for congress ministries.
h. Main reason of partition from 1945-1947.
i. Ch. Rehmat Ali or Allama Iqbal who was the most important.
j. How did Pakistan respond to challenges at inception.

SECTION III
1- Compulsory Question
a. None important for 2023

2- 4 Marks
a. Early years of Pakistan
i. Constitution of 1956.
ii. Who was Liaqat Ali Khan.
iii. Constitutional crisis of 1950.
iv. Constitutional crisis of 1954.
b. Basic democracies.
c. Shimla agreement
d. Karakorum highway
e. Hudood ordinance
f. General Musharaf Coup
3- 7 Marks
a. Why were so many govts. Changed?
b. Why did Ayub declare Martial law?
c. Grievances of East Pakistanis?
 d. Why was ZAB executed?
e. Why did Zia launch Islamization reforms?
f. Why was Benazir’s govt. thrown in 1990?
g. Why was Benazir’s govt. thrown in 1996?
h. Why did Nawaz fall from office in 1993?
i. Why Musharraf come to power in 1999?
j. Why was India successful in wars of 1965 and 1971?
k. Why did Pakistan become member of UN?
4- 10/14 Marks
a. Most important contributor to domestic policies among Liaqat Ali Khan, Khawaja
Nazim ud din, Bogra, Ch. Muhammad Ali, and Iskandar Mirza.
b. Reforms of Ayub Khan
c. Reforms of ZAB
d. Reforms of Zia
e. Problems of Benazir in her 2nd term.
f. Problems of Nawaz in both terms.
g. Relations with China
h. Relations with USA
i. Relations with India
j. Relations with Afghanistan

Expected Paper-2023 (2059/01)

1- Compulsory Question
a. Source A: From East India Company or Mughal Decline [3]
b. Source B: From East India Company or Mughal Decline [5]
c. Why did British attract to India after 1600? [7]
d. Who was the most important religious reformer in Indian sub-continent? [10]
2- Optional Question
a. A. From East India company e.g., Who was Lord Wellesley? Who was Lord Bentick? [4]
b. Why did Sir Syed Ahmad Khan try to improve relations with Britain. [7]
c. ‘Weak successors were the main reason of decline of Mughal empire.’ Do you agree? Explain
your answer. [14]

3- Optional Question
a. From Khilafat movement i.e., What was Gandhi’s non-cooperation movement?
b. What was Moplah revolt. [4]
c. Why was AIML established? [7]
d. Chauri-Chaura incident was the main reason for the failure of Khilafat movement’. How far
do you agree with this statement. Explain your answer. [14]

4- Optional Question
a. What was cabinet mission plan? [4]
b. Why was Govt. of India Act 1935 opposed by Indians? [7]
c. How successful were three RTCs in India from 1930 to 1932. Explain your answer [14]
5- Optional Question
a. From Problems of Nawaz Sharif i.e., Opposition to Shariat Bill, BCCI scandal,
Yellow cab scheme. [4]
b. Why were many govts changed b/w 1951 and 1958? [7]
c. ‘Agricultural reforms was the most important reform of Ayub’s era’. How far do you agree
with this statement. Explain your answer. [14]

Expected Paper -2023 (2059/02)

1- Ques'on 1
a. Topography
i. Loca.on
ii. Life and economy (Deserts and Northern areas )
b. Climate
i. Graphs
ii. Comparisons
iii. Factors affec.ng climate i.e., La.tudinal effect, Al.tude, etc.
iv. Clima.c hazards i.e., Floods, droughts.
2- Ques'on 2
a. Natural Reso urces Water
i. Dams and Barrages (Differences, Importance )
-

ii. Problems related to water i.e., waterlogging and salinity, silta.on, etc.
iii. Methods of irriga.on i.e., Conven.onal and Modern
b. Forests
i. Determinants of Forests i.e ., Al.tude, Temperature, Edaphic factor
ii. Causes, effects , and solu.ons to deforesta.on
iii. 6 marks ques.on expected.
3- Ques'on 3
a. Agricultural Development
i. Rice (Barani, commercial)
ii. Wheat (B arani, commercial)
iii. Natural and Human factors in development of Agriculture
iv. Sugarcane byproducts
v. Fruit farming ( loca.on on maps)
4- Ques'on 4
a. Industrial Development
i. CoTage and Small scale industry
ii. Cement industry -
iii. Industrial estates and Special Industrial zones
iv. Promo.on of Tourism (possibili.es and hindrances)
b. Trade
i. Graphical charts on imports a nd exports
ii. Promo.on of trade ( Possibili.es and hindrances)
iii. Trade Barrier i.e ., Embargo, Quotas, etc.
iv. Trade routes (Road, Rail, Air)
5- Ques'on 5
a. Popula.on
i. Migra.on ( Internal and External)
ii. Employment/Unemployment
iii. Popula.on Density
History

[ ] EIC

[ ] regional languages

[ ] Sir Syed Ahmad Khan

[ ] Constitutional development before and after creation of Pakistan

[ ] RTC

[ ] Khilafat Movement

[ ] 1977-1999

[ ] Relations with USA and USSR

GEOGRAPHY

[ ] Topography

[ ] Agriculture

[ ] Transport/telecom

[ ] Trade

[ ] Power resources/mineral rejoices

Guess paper/ Model Paper-1 for final Exams April 2023
SHAHID FAROOQ BALOCH Department of Pakistan Studies
Marks: 75 Time Allowed: 1 Hour 30 min.
Answer Three questions.
Q. 1 is compulsory.
Section A
1. Study the sources (Insert) carefully and then answer the questions which follow. Source: A
The authority of the Mughal emperors was declining by the end of Aurangzeb’s reign in 1707.
The Hindus were unhappy with aspects of his reign and after his death, began to exercise
greater control over parts of the sub-continent. As a result, Muslim power and influence over
India, which had been so strong, began to disintegrate. Many Muslims began to feel strongly
about reviving Islam, including Haji Shariat Ullah.

Source: B

(a) According to Source A, what happened after the death of Aurangzeb? [3]
(b) What does Source B tell us about the British Reforms in India? [5]
(c) Why did Sir Syed A. Khan presented his famous Two Nations Theory [7]
(d) How successful was the Aligarh Movement? [10]
SECTION-B
Q. 2 (a) Who was Mangal Pandey / Urdu Hindi controversy? [4]
th
(b) Why was the East India Company interested in India during 17 century? [7]
(c) Did educational reforms have a greater effect on the Indian people than any other changes
introduced by the British between 1773 and 1856? Explain your answer. [14]
Q. 3 (a) Who was Mir Mitahir Ali (Titu Mir)/ Mir Jaffar? [4]

(b) Why did Syed Ahmad Brelvi call for Jihad to overthrow Sikh rule in the early nineteenth
century? [7]
(c) Was the Industrial Revolution in Britain the most important reason why the British were
able to take control of India between 1750 and 1850? Explain your answer [14

Q. 4 (a) Who was lord Cornwallis / Warren Hasting? [4]

(b) How influential was Haji ShariatUllah and the Faraizi Movement? [7]

(c) How far was Indian resistance to British expansion in the subcontinent successful

before 1850? [14]

Q. 5 (a) Describe immediate cause/ long term causes of the War of Independence? [4]

(b) How has the government of Pakistan promoted regional languages since 1947? [7]

(c) To what extent Mughal weaknesses from 1707 make decline inevitable? [14]

Guess Paper/Model Paper-2 for final Exams April 2023

SHAHID FAROOQ BALOCH Department of

Pakistan Studies Marks: 75

Time Allowed: 1 Hour 30 min.

Answer Three questions. Q. 1 is compulsory.

 SECTION A
Read the source below carefully to answer question (a).
During the First World War, Congress and the Muslim League had moved closer together,
partly due to the failure of the British to grant more rights to the Indians before 1914. During
the war, the British realized that concessions had to be made and let it be known that they were
proposing a number of these. The Muslim League and Congress then met together at Lucknow.
Source B

Scene from the Quit India Movement, 1942

(a) According to source A, what was going on during the world war? [3]
(b) What does source B tell us about the ‘Quit India Movement’? [5]
(c) How did the British react to the Hindus’ led protests against partition of Bengal? [7]
(d) How successful were the 1937 elections? Explain your answer. [10]

2. (a) Under what objectives All India Muslim League was formed? [4]
(b) Why was the Nehru Report rejected by All India Muslim League? [7]
(c)Was the introduction of the Rowlett Act in 1919 the sole cause of violence in India
during1919 and 1920? Explain your answer. [14]

3 (a) Describe the background of Lucknow Pact? [4]

(b) Why were the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms opposed by Indians in 1919?
[7]

(c) Which of the following lead to the Pak. Movement between 1906-1916

1. Simla Dep. Reversal of Partition of Bengal 3. Lucknow Pact [14]

4. (a) What was Satyagraha?
(b) Explain how Jinnah transformed the Muslim League between 1937 and
1939. [7]
(c) Was the success of the Labour Party in winning the British General
Election in 1945 the most important reason why the subcontinent of India was
partitioned in 1947? [14]
Explain your answer.

5. (a) What was the August Offer? [4]

(b) Why did the Simla Conference fail in 1945? [7]

(c) “The Negotiations aimed at Independence during the World War-II achieved
nothing”. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Explain your answer. [14]

Also prepare the following questions for CAIE final examinations.

Q. ‘The Khilafat Movement failed by 1924 because of Hijrat movement.’ Do you agree?
Give reasons for your answer. [14]
Q. Why was the Second RTC unsuccessful? [7]
Q. Why were three RTC held? [7]
Q. Why was the Government of India Act,1935 important? [7]

Model Paper-3 for final Exams April 2023

SHAHID FAROOQ BALOCH Department of Pakistan Studies
Marks: 75 Time Allowed: 1 Hour 30 min.
Answer Three questions.

Q. 1 is compulsory.
SECTION A
Source A:
Benazir Bhutto described her time as Prime Minister as problematic:

‘I found that people opposed me simply on the grounds that I was a woman. The clerics took
to the mosque saying that Pakistan had thrown itself outside the Muslim world by voting for a
woman, that a woman had taken a man’s place in an Islamic society. My opponents reduced
themselves to verbal abuse rather than discuss issues simply because I was a woman.’
Source B

Signing of Simla Agreement

(a) According to source A, what were the views of Benazir Bhutto about the opposition?
[3]
(b) What does source B tell us about the ‘Simla Agreement’? [5]
(c) Why was the Simla Accord/Agreement signed by Z.A. Bhutto? [7]
(d) How successful have India and Pakistan been in finding a solution to the Kashmir issue
between 1947 and 1999? Explain your answer. [10]
(Answer is given below)

Successes:
• A cease-fire was arranged in January 1948, leaving Kashmir divided between India and
Pakistan. From 1949, an official cease-fire line was agreed between India and Pakistan and
was to be patrolled by UN troops.
• Pakistan kept up pressure on India by appealing to the UN whenever Indian moves tried to
integrate Indianoccupied Kashmir into India.
• In 1957, the UN reconfirmed that Kashmir was a disputed territory and that a final solution
should be settled by a UN-supervised plebiscite.
• India promised to hold a plebiscite in Kashmir to determine its future.
• Pakistan agreed not to take the Kashmir issue to UN and that THE ISSUE would be settled
between Pakistan and India through mutual negotiation only. The ceasefire line in Kashmir
was renamed as line of control under this agreement

Failures:
• War has broken out on at least 2 occasions between the 2 countries.
• Plebiscite still not been held.
• In 1987, elections were rigged by India in an attempt to show popular support for its
occupation.
• In 1999, Kargil crisis brought threat of nuclear war between the two sides.
• Kashmir continues to be a source of conflict between the two nations.

2. (a) What was the Objective Resolution/ PRODA? [4]

(b) Why was there Refugee Crisis/Canal Water dispute in 1947-1948? [7]
(c) How successful was Pakistan in solving the problems of Partition during 1947 and 1948? Explain
your answer. [14]
 3 (a) Describe the Constitutional crisis during 1954-55 (Maulvi Tamizuddin Case)? [4]
(b) Why was Islamabad chosen as the new capital of Pakistan? [7]

(c) Which of the following contributed the most to Pakistan’s domestic policies between 1948 and 1958?

(i) Liaquat Ali Khan/Khwaja Nazimuddin (ii) Malik Ghulam Muhammad (iii) Iskander Mirza [14]

4. (a) What was the Basic Democracy System (BDS)/ Tashkent Pact? [4]

(b). Why did Zia-ul-Haq find it difficult to rule Pakistan during the late 1980s? [7]

(c) Was the promotion of Islamic values the most important achievement of General Zia-ul-Haq’s
domestic policies between 1977 and 1988? Explain your answer. [14]

5. (a) Who was Mr.Jonejo? / Describe the 8th Ammendment. [4]

(b) Explain why Benazir Bhutto’s government ended in 1990/1996. [7]

(c) Was the Cooperative Societies scandal the main reason for the government ending in 1993?
Explain your answer.
[14]

Also prepare the following questions for CAIE final examinations.

(b) Why did Pakistan apply for membership of the United Nations in 1947? [7]
(c) To what extent did Pakistan achieve a new constitution between 1949 and 1973? Explain your
answer. (W 2019) [14]
(a) Describe the terms of the 1956/1962/1973 Constitution. [4]
(b) Explain why there was a constitutional crisis in 1958. Why was Martial law declared in
1958? [7]

(b) Why did Pakistan leave SEATO? [7]

Expected Topics For May 2023
Paper1
Section A/ Q1 expected from Section 1 of History
Section 1
Mughal decline
British attracted to India, may be a 10 marks question ,eg:
Was Indian wealth the most important reason for British being attracted to India
during 17th century?(10)
Indian resistance against the British
British reforms,1750-1850
General reading of “ British expansion “1750-1850
Languages
3 reformers: SWU, SASB, HSU( general reading)
Section 2
Partition of Bengal
Failure of Khilafat movement
Role of Iqbal and Ch Rehmat in the development of the Pakistan movement
1935 Act; 1937 elections
Congress rule, 1937-1939
General reading of 1940-57
Section 3
Early problems
General reading of 3 Governor Generals,1948-1958
Separation of E.Pakistan
Zia ul Haq
Nawaz Sharif, especially 1990-1993
Constitution making ,1947-1973
Relation with:
USA, China, India, Afghanistan