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    Report Mohammed

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    Taha Shalabi
    This laboratory report details experiments conducted to investigate the rheology and hydraulic properties of drilling fluids. Key parameters measured include viscosity, yield point, and gel strength using a Marsh funnel and viscometer. Adding bentonite increased viscosity and shear stress, while adding water reduced viscosity. Adding spersen reduced viscosity without changing fluid density. The experiments achieved the goals of determining the rheological models and properties of the mud samples.

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    Report Mohammed

    Uploaded by

    Taha Shalabi
    38 views8 pages
    This laboratory report details experiments conducted to investigate the rheology and hydraulic properties of drilling fluids. Key parameters measured include viscosity, yield point, and gel strength using a Marsh funnel and viscometer. Adding bentonite increased viscosity and shear stress, while adding water reduced viscosity. Adding spersen reduced viscosity without changing fluid density. The experiments achieved the goals of determining the rheological models and properties of the mud samples.

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    This laboratory report details experiments conducted to investigate the rheology and hydraulic properties of drilling fluids. Key parameters measured include viscosity, yield point, and gel strength using a Marsh funnel and viscometer. Adding bentonite increased viscosity and shear stress, while adding water reduced viscosity. Adding spersen reduced viscosity without changing fluid density. The experiments achieved the goals of determining the rheological models and properties of the mud samples.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    38 views8 pages

    Report Mohammed

    Uploaded by

    Taha Shalabi
    This laboratory report details experiments conducted to investigate the rheology and hydraulic properties of drilling fluids. Key parameters measured include viscosity, yield point, and gel strength using a Marsh funnel and viscometer. Adding bentonite increased viscosity and shear stress, while adding water reduced viscosity. Adding spersen reduced viscosity without changing fluid density. The experiments achieved the goals of determining the rheological models and properties of the mud samples.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 8

    AL-REFAQ UNIVERSITY

    DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

    " drilling fluids laboratory report "

    Student Name:

    Mohammed Albakosh

    Student ID :

    3806084

    Group : ( A )

    Supervisor Name: Dr. Adel Jaluta


    Aime :-

    This experiment was carried out to investigate Rheology of fluids and hydraulic
    calculations . This is important to the petroleum engineers in calculating friction loss
    in pipe or annulus , determination of the equivalent circulating density of the drilling
    fluid , determination of the flow regime in the annulus , determination of the
    theological model , estimation of the hole cleaning efficiency and evaluation of the
    fuid suspension capacity .

    Introduction:

    Rheology and hydraulics are interrelated studies of fluid behaviour. Fluid rheology
    and hydraulics are engineering terms that describe the behaviour of fluids in motion.
    Rheology is the science of deformation and flow of matter. Primarily concerned with
    the relationship between shear stress and shear rate and the impact they have on fluid
    flow characteristics inside tabular and annular spaces. Hydraulic on the other hand
    deal with the mechanical properties of liquids, describing how fluid flow creates and
    apply pressures. In drilling fluids, the flow behaviour of the fluid must be described
    using rheological models and equations before the hydraulic equations can be applied.
    Rheology of fluids and hydraulics are significant in petroleum industries during
    drilling.
    A mathematical fluid model describes the flow behavior of a fluid by
    Expressing a mathematical relationship between shear rate and shear
    Stress:-
    • Newtonian Model

    2
    • Non-Newtonian Model
    1. Bingham plastic

    2. Power-Low Model
    • Viscosity :-

    It is among the most used rheological terms. It can be defined as the resistance of the
    substance

    to flow. In the oil field, many terms related to viscosity are used to describe the viscosity of
    drilling fluids

    - Funnel viscosity

    - Apparent viscosity

    - Plastic viscosity

    - Yield point

    - Low shear rate viscosity

    - Gel Strengths

    3
    The viscosity of drilling fluid is a function of:
    - Viscosity of the continuous phase or the base liquid
    - The size, shape and solids particles in the mud which is represent it by the plastic
    viscosity
    - The inter-particle force represents it by the yield point

    The plastic viscosity


    Plastic viscosity (PV) can be defined as the resistance offered by a fluid to flow freely.
    This resistance is a result of friction between the liquid undergoing deformation under
    shear stress and the solids and liquids present in the drilling mud

    Reducing viscosity in any drilling fluid can be


    achieved by: - Reduction of solids by mechanical
    treatment or dilution - Neutralization of attractive
    forces between particles.
    Yield point
    Yield point (YP) is resistance of initial flow of fluid or the stress required in order to
    move the fluid. In the Bingham plastic model, YP is the shear stress when shear rate is
    zero. The unit in US oil field for YP is (lbf/100ft2).

    Gel strength
    Gel strength represents the attractive forces under static conditions (non-flow
    conditions). Contrary to gel strength, the yield point represents the attractive forces
    under flowing conditions. The gel strength gives an indication of the required pressure
    to initiate flow after ceasing circulation for period of time. Also, it gives an indication
    about the ability of the drilling fluid to suspend cuttings when mud is stationary

    Apparent viscosity
    Apparent viscosity is defined as the ratio between shear stress and shear rate over a
    narrow range for a plastic mel

    Funnel viscosity
    Funnel viscosity is the ratio of the speed of the slurry as it passes through the outlet
    tube (shear rate) to the force (weight of the slurry) causing the slurry to flow (shear
    stress). Funnel viscosity is reported as the seconds required for one quart of slurry to
    flow out a full funnel

    4
    Apparatus and Materials:

    Marsh funnel
    VG – Meter

    5
    Procedure :
    Marsh funnel
    1. Cover the orifice with a finger and pour a freshly agitated fluid sample through the
    screen into the clean, dry, upright funnel until the liquid level reaches the bottom of
    the screen.

    2. Quickly remove the finger and measure the time required for the fluid to fill the
    receiving vessel to the one quart (946 cm3) mark.

    3. Report the result to the nearest second as Marsh funnel viscosity. Report the
    temperature of the sample in degrees F (°C).

    Plastic Viscosity & Yield Point Measurement

    1. Place a sample in a suitable container and immerse the rotor sleeve exactly to the
    scribed line.

    2. With the sleeve rotating at 600 rpm, wait for the dial reading to reach a steady value.
    Record the dial reading for 600 rpm.

    3. Shift to 300 rpm and wait for the dial reading to come to a steady value. Record the
    dial reading for 300 rpm

    4. The plastic viscosity (PV) in centipoise equals the 600 rpm reading minus the 300
    rpm reading.

    5. The yield point (YP) in lbf /100 ft2 equals the 300 rpm reading minus the plastic
    viscosity. Report the temperature of the sample in degrees F (°C)

    6. The apparent viscosity in centipoise equals the 600 rpm reading divided by two.

    Gel-Strength Measurement

    1-Place the fluid sample in position as in the procedure for plastic Viscosity
    and yield point measurement.

    2-Stir at high speed for 10 seconds.

    3-Allow the fluid to stand undisturbed for 10 seconds. For instruments


    Having a 3 rpm speed, the maximum reading attained after starting Rotation
    at 3 rpm is the initial gel strength. Report the temperature of the Sample in
    degrees F (°C).

    4-Restir the fluid sample at high speed for 10 seconds and then allow the

    6
    Fluid to stand undisturbed for 10 minutes. Report the measurement as
    In Step 3 above and report the maximum reading as the 10-minute gel
    In lbf/100 ft2

    Tabuiated reslts :

    parameters Pre-mixed Pre-mixed Pre-mixed Pre-mixed mud+15gm


    mud mud+15gm mud+15gm bentonite+10gm spersen
    bentonite bentonite+125ml
    water
    ɵ 600 20 25 180 160

    ɵ 300 12 13 150 140

    Reslts :

    Plastic viscosity 8 12 30 20
    Yield Point 4 1 120 120

    Flow behavior 0.736 0.942 0.262 0.192


    index
    Consistency 62.2 18.66 14959.1 21603.8
    index
    Apparent 10 12.5 75 70
    viscosity
    10sec/10min gel 5/8 10/14 8/13 7/11
    st

    7
    Conclusions

    This experiment's main goal is to determine the theology properties of the mud sample ,
    which include viscosity , yield point , and gel strength was achieved .

    The goal of the Marsh funnel experiment is to measure the viscosity of the funnel using
    water – based mud also have been obtained Water – based mud has a high yield point
    and perceived viscosity . AsiDrilling mud with a high viscosity is called " thick , "
    whereas mud with a low viscosity is called " thin . " In drilling fluid , there is no such
    thing as " viscosity . " The viscosity changes with shear rate .

    As the shear rate increases , the viscosity of a fluid falls . This is known as " shear
    thinning fluid . " The inaccuracy in this experiment might be due to parallax error or an
    error in timing the mud entering the marsh funnel .

    Furthermore , when obtaining RPM measurements , the observer's eyes must be


    perpendicular to the scale . Finally , the experiment's goals for both portions have been
    met .

    _______________________________________________________

    • Report the effect of adding water to mud rheology?


    It was found that the viscosity and shear stress increased with increasing bentonite
    concentration and storage time.

    • Report the effect of adding bentonite to mud rheology?


    Lifting the viscosity of drilling fluid

    • Report the effect of adding spersen to mud rheology?


    The viscosity is reduced without changing the density of drilling liquid

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